CHAPTER 3 DECIMALS

EXERCISE 8 Page 19

1. Convert 0.65 to a proper fraction.

0.65 100 65
0.65 may be written as: 100 i.e. 0.65 = 100

65 13

Dividing both numerator and denominator by 5 gives: 100 20

13
Hence, the decimal fraction 0.65 = 20 as a proper fraction.

2. Convert 0.036 to a proper fraction.

0.036 1000 36
0.036 may be written as: 1000 i.e. 0.036 = 1000

36 9

Dividing both numerator and denominator by 5 gives: 1000 250

9
Hence, the decimal fraction 0.036 = 250 as a proper fraction.

3. Convert 0.175 to a proper fraction.

0.175 1000 175

0.175 may be written as: 1000 i.e. 0.175 = 1000

175 35

Dividing both numerator and denominator by 5 gives: 1000 200

35 7

Dividing both numerator and denominator again by 5 gives: 200 40

7
Hence, the decimal fraction 0.175 = 40 as a proper fraction.

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 28

4. Convert 0.048 to a proper fraction.

0.048 1000 48
0.048 may be written as: 1000 i.e. 0.048 = 1000

48 12

Dividing both numerator and denominator by 4 gives: 1000 250

12 6

Dividing both numerator and denominator by 2 gives: 250 125

6
Hence, the decimal fraction 0.048 = 125 as a proper fraction.

5. Convert the following to proper fractions:

(a) 0.66 (b) 0.84 (c) 0.012 5 (d) 0.282 (e) 0.024

66 33
(a) 0.66 = 100 = 50

84 21
(b) 0.84 = 100 = 25

125 25 5 1
 
(c) 0.012 5 = 10000 2000 400 = 80

282 141
(d) 0.282 = 1000 = 500

24 6 3

(e) 0.024 = 1000 250 = 125

6. Convert 4.525 into a mixed number.

0.525 1000 525

0.525 may be written as: 1000 i.e. 0.525 = 1000

525 21

Dividing both numerator and denominator by 25 gives: 1000 40

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 29

 21
Hence, the mixed number 4.525 = 4 40 as a proper fraction.

7. Convert 23.44 into a mixed number.

0.44  100 44
0.44 may be written as: 100 i.e. 0.44 = 100

44 11

Dividing both numerator and denominator by 4 gives: 100 25

11
Hence, the mixed number 23.44 = 23 25 as a proper fraction.

8. Convert 10.015 into a mixed number.

0.015 1000 15
0.015 may be written as: 1000 i.e. 0.015 = 1000

3
Dividing both numerator and denominator by 5 gives: 200

3
Hence, the mixed number 10.015 = 10 200 as a proper fraction.

9. Convert 6.4375 to a mixed number.

0.4375 10000 4375

0.4375 may be written as: 10000 i.e. 0.4375 = 10000

4375 175

Dividing both numerator and denominator by 25 gives: 10000 400

175 7

Dividing both numerator and denominator again by 25 gives: 400 16

7
Hence, the mixed number 6.4375 = 6 16 as a proper fraction.

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 30

10. Convert the following to mixed numbers:

(a) 1.82 (b) 4.275 (c) 14.125 (d) 15.35 (e) 16.2125

82 41
1  1
(a) 1.82 = 100 = 50

275 11
4 4
(b) 4.275 = 1000 40

125 25 5 1
14  14  14 14
(c) 14.125 = 1000 200 40 = 8

35 7
15  15
(d) 15.35 = 100 20

2125 85 17
16  16 16
(e) 16.2125 = 10000 400 = 80

5
11. Express 8 as a decimal fraction.

0.6 2 5
5.0 0 0
8

5
Hence, the proper fraction 8 = 0.625 as a decimal fraction.

11
6
12. Express 16 as a decimal fraction.

0.6 8 7 5
11.0 0 0 0
16

11
6
Hence, the mixed number 16 = 6.6875 as a decimal fraction.

7
13. Express 32 as a decimal fraction.

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 31

 0.2 1 8 7 5
7.0 0 0 0 0
32

7
Hence, the proper fraction 32 = 0.21875 as a decimal fraction.

3
11
14. Express 16 as a decimal fraction.

0.1 8 7 5
3.0 0 0 0 0
16

3
11
Hence, the mixed number 16 = 11.1875 as a decimal fraction.

9
15. Express 32 as a decimal fraction.

0.2 8 1 2 5
9.0 0 0 0 0
32

9
Hence, the proper fraction 32 = 0.28125 as a decimal fraction.

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 32

EXERCISE 9 Page 20

1. Express 14.1794 correct to 2 decimal places

14.1794 = 14.18, correct to 2 decimal places

2. Express 2.7846 correct to 4 significant figures

2.7846 = 2.785, correct to 4 significant figures

3. Express 65.3792 correct to 2 decimal places

65.3792 = 65.38, correct to 2 decimal places

4. Express 43.2746 correct to 4 significant figures

43.2746 = 43.27, correct to 4 significant figures

5. Express 1.2973 correct to 3 decimal places

1.2973 = 1.297, correct to 3 decimal places

6. Express 0.0005279 correct to 3 significant figures.

0.0005279 = 0.000528, correct to 3 significant figures

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 33

EXERCISE 10 Page 21

1. Evaluate 37.69 + 42.6, correct to 3 significant figures.

37.69
42.6
80.29
11

Hence, 37.69 + 42.6 = 80.29 = 80.3, correct to 3 significant figures.

2. Evaluate 378.1 – 48.85, correct to 1 decimal place.

378.10
48.85
329.25

Hence, 378.1 – 48.85 = 329.25 = 329.3, correct to 1 decimal place.

3. Evaluate 68.92 + 34.84 – 31.223, correct to 4 significant figures.

68.92 103.760
+ 34.84 - 31.223
103.76 72.537

Hence, 68.92 + 34.84 – 31.223 = 72.537 = 72.54, correct to 4 significant figures.

4. Evaluate 67.841 – 249.55 + 56.883, correct to 2 decimal places.

67.841 249.55

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 34

 + 56.883 - 124.724
124.724 124.826 124.724 – 249.55 = - (249.55 – 124.724)

= - 124.83

Hence, 67.841 – 249.55 + 56.883 = - 124.826 = - 124.83, correct to 4 significant figures.

5. Evaluate 483.24 – 120.44 – 67.49, correct to 4 significant figures.

120.44 483.24
+ 67.49 - 187.93
187.93 295.31

Hence, 483.24 – 120.44 – 67.49 = 295.31 = 295.3, correct to 4 significant figures.

6. Evaluate 738.22 – 349.38 – 427.336 + 56.779, correct to 1 decimal place.

738.22 349.38 794.999

+ 56.779 + 427.336 - 776.716
794.999 776.716 18.283

Hence, 738.22 – 349.38 – 427.336 + 56.779 = 18.283 = 18.3, correct to 1 decimal place.

7. Determine the dimension marked x in the length of shaft shown. The dimensions are in

millimetres.

Dimension, x = 82.92 – 27.41 – 8.32 – 34.67

= 82.92 – 70.40 = 12.52 mm

27.41
© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 35
 8.32
34.67
70.40

EXERCISE 11 Page 22

1. Evaluate 3.57  1.4

357
× 14
1428
3570
4998

Hence, 357  14 = 4998

As there are 2 + 1 = 3 digits to the right of the decimal points of the two numbers being

multiplied together, 3.57  1.4 , then

3.57  1.4 = 4.998

2. Evaluate 67.92  0.7

6792
× 7
47544

Hence, 6792  7 = 47544

As there are 2 + 1 = 3 digits to the right of the decimal points of the two numbers being

multiplied together, 67.92  0.7 , then

67.92  0.7 = 47.544

3. Evaluate 167.4  2.3

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 36

 1674
× 23
5022
33480
38502

Hence, 1674  23 = 38502

As there are 1 + 1 = 2 digits to the right of the decimal points of the two numbers being
multiplied together, 167.4  2.3 , then

167.4  2.3 = 385.02

4. Evaluate 342.6  1.7

3426
× 17
23982
34260
58242

Hence, 3426  17 = 58242

As there are 1 + 1 = 2 digits to the right of the decimal points of the two numbers being

multiplied together, 342.4  1.7 , then

342.4  1.7 = 582.42

5. Evaluate 548.28  1.2

548.28
548.28  1.2 = 1.2 The denominator is multiplied by 10 to change it into an integer. The
numerator is also multiplied by 10 to keep the fraction the same.
548.28 548.28  10 5482.8
 
Thus, 1.2 1.2 10 12

456.9
5482.8000
12

Hence, 548.28  1.2 = 456.9

6. Evaluate 478.3  1.1, correct to 5 significant figures

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 37
 478.3 478.3  10 4783
 
478.3  1.1 = 1.1 1.110 11

434.8181
4783.0000
11

Hence, 478.3  1.1 = 434.8181... = 434.82, correct to 5 significant figures

7. Evaluate 563.48  0.9, correct to 4 significant figures

563.48 563.48 10 5634.8

 
563.48  0.9 = 0.9 0.9 10 9
626.0888
5634.8000
9

Hence, 563.48  0.9 = 626.0888... = 626.1, correct to 4 significant figures

8. Evaluate 2387.4  1.5

2387.4 2387.4 10 23874

 
2387.4  1.5= 1.5 1.5  10 15
1591.6
23874.00
15

Hence, 2387.4  1.5 = = 1591.6

4
9. Express as decimal fraction: 9 , correct to 3 significant figures.

0.4 4 4 4 4
4.0 0 0 0 0
9
4
Hence, the fraction 9 = 0.4444.... = 0.444 as a decimal fraction, correct to 3 significant figures

17
10. Express as decimal fraction: 27 , correct to 5 decimal place

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 38

 0.629629
27 17.000000
162
80
54
260
243
170
162
80
54
26

17
Thus, 27 = 0.62963, correct to 5 decimal places.

9
11. Express as decimal fraction: 1 16 , correct to 4 significant figures

0.5625
16 9.00000

9
1
Thus, 16 = 1.563, correct to 4 significant figures.

5
12. Express as decimal fraction: 53 11 , correct to 3 decimal places

0.45454
11 5.00000

5
Thus, 53 11 = 53.45454.... = 53.455, correct to 3 decimal places

31
13. Express as decimal fraction: 13 37 , correct to 2 decimal places

0.83783
37 31.00000

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 39

 31
Thus, 13 37 = 13.83783.... = 13.84, correct to 2 decimal places

9
14. Express as decimal fraction: 8 13 , correct to 3 significant figures

0.692307
13 9.000000

9
Thus, 8 13 = 8.692307.... = 8.69, correct to 3 significant figures

15. Evaluate 421.8  17, (a) correct to 4 significant figures and (b) correct to 3 decimal places.

24.811764
17 421.800000

(a) 421.8  17 = 24.81, correct to 4 significant figures.

(b) 421.8  17 = 24.812, correct to 3 decimal places.

0.0147
16. Evaluate 2.3 , (a) correct to 5 decimal places and (b) correct to 2 significant figures.

0.0147 0.147

2.3 23

0.00639130
23 0.14700000

0.0147
(a) 2.3 = 0.00639, correct to 5 decimal places.

0.0147
(b) 2.3 = 0.0064, correct to 2 significant figures.


12.6 

17. Evaluate (a) 1.5 (b) 5.2  12

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 
12.6 12.66666... 10 126.6666...
 
(a) 1.5 1.5  10 15

8.444444
15 126.666666

12.6 

Hence, 1.5 = 8.444444... = 8. 4


(b) 5.2  12 = 5.22222  12

522222
× 12
1044444
5222220
6266664

Hence, 522222  12 = 626664 and 5.2222  12 = 62.666 = 62. 6

18. A tank contains 1800 litres of oil. How many tins containing 0.75 litres can be filled from this

tank?

1800 180000 36000 7200

  
Number of tins = 0.75 75 15 3 = 2400 by cancelling

1800 1800 4
  1800   600  4
0.75 3 3
Alternatively, 4 = 2400 tins

© John Bird Published by Taylor & Francis 41