Final Exam

EP 2110 - Introduction to Mathematical Physics

Course Instructor: Ashwin Joy

Time duration: 4 hrs

Total Marks: 60
Do not write anything on the question paper and electronic devices are not allowed in the hall
Part I (16 Marks)
Do any two of the following questions. Each question carries 8 marks.

1. Find out A100 if 


1 2
A=
0 −1

2. Find the eigenvalues and the corresponding ortho-normal eigenvectors of the matrix
 
1 0 0
A = 0 0 1
0 1 0

3. Consider the two matrices:    

1 2 1 3
A= , B=
2 1 3 1
Are these matrices simultaneously diagonalizable? If yes, then find the matrix U that does
this job.

Part II (20 Marks)

Do any four of the following questions. Each question carries 5 marks.

1. Determine the region of analyticity of the following function

f (z) = cos x cosh y − i sin x sinh y

Is this function entire (i.e analytic only in finite z-plane)?

2. Find the nature of the singularity (i.e order and strength) of the complex function

z3
f (z) =
z2 + z + 1

3. Find the Laurent series for the following function about the indicated point
1
f (z) = , z0 = 2
z 2 − 5z + 6
Give the residue at this point and draw the circle of convergence of your Laurent series.

1
 4. Evaluate the following integral where C is a unit circle centered at origin:

cosh z −1
I
1
dz
2πi C z
Z ∞
dx
5. Evaluate the integral by the technique of contour integration. Take a, b > 0.
0 (a + bx2 )3

Part III (24 Marks)

Do any three of the following questions. Each question carries 8 marks.

2s
1. Find the inverse Laplace transform of .
(s2 + 1)2
2. Consider a function f (x) = e−x for 0 < x < 1.
X
(a) Expand f (x) as a Fourier series of the form Bn sin nπx.
n

(b) Expand f (x) as a Fourier series of period 1.

3. Consider the differential equation

d3 y
+ w0 3 y = f (t), w0 > 0, y(0) = y 0 (0) = y 00 (0) = 0
dt3
(a) If Y (s) and F (s) denote the Laplace transforms of y(t) and f (t) respectively, show that

F (s)
Y (s) =
s3 + w03

(b) Deduce that the inverse Laplace transform of 1/(s3 + w03 ) is given by

e−w0 t w0 √
 
2 w0 t/2 π
h(t) = − e cos 3t+
3w02 3w02 2 3

and show that the solution

Z t
y(t) = h(t0 )f (t − t0 )dt0
0

by using convolution product for Laplace transforms.

sin ax
4. Obtain the Fourier transform of , where a, b, c > 0.
(x + b)2 + c2

2
 Definitions/Theorems
Important Matrices:
AT = A “symmetric”
A† = A “Hermitian”
AT = A−1 “orthogonal”
A† = A−1 “unitary”
A2 = A “idempotent”

Cauchy-Riemann conditions:
∂u ∂v ∂v ∂u
= ; =− ,
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y
provided f (z) = u(x, y) + i v(x, y) is analytic at some z = x + i y

Cauchy’s Theorem:
I
f (z) dz = 0, provided f (z) analytic everywhere in D bounded by C
C

Cauchy’s Integral Formula:

I
1 f (ζ)
f (z) = dζ, provided f (z) analytic everywhere in D bounded by C
2πi C ζ − z
Cauchy’s Residue Theorem:
I n
1 X
f (z) dz = Residue[zj ],
2πi C j=1
provided f (z) analytic everywhere in D except at the n singular points zj enclosed by C

Laurent series:
∞ I
X
n 1 f (ζ)
f (z) = Cn (z − z0 ) for some R1 < |z − z0 | < R2 and Cn = dζ
n=−∞
2πi C (ζ − z0 )n+1
Fourier Transforms:Z ∞
˜
f (k) = F[f (x)] = f (x) e−ikx dx
−∞ Z ∞
−1 ˜ 1
f (x) = F [f (k)] = f˜(k) eikx dk
2π −∞
Laplace Transforms:
Z ∞
F (s) = L[f (x)] = f (x) e−sx dx
0 Z c+i∞
−1 1
f (x) = L [F (s)] = F (s) esx ds “Bromwich Integral”
2πi c−i∞
Convolutions “Fourier”: Z ∞
˜
f (k) g̃(k) = F[f (x)] F[g(x)] = F[(f ∗ g)(x)], where convolution (f ∗ g)(x) = f (σ) g(x − σ) dσ
−∞

Convolutions “Laplace”:
Z x
F (s) G(s) = L[f (x)] L[g(x)] = L[(f ∗ g)(x)], where convolution (f ∗ g)(x) = f (σ) g(x − σ) dσ
0

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