Course Name:

HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING

Course Number:
MECH 3340

Submitted To:

Submitted By:

Submitted Date:
Table of Contents
1 Rooftop Unit: .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Selection Procedure of RTU: ........................................................................................... 3
1.2 Selection: .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 Considering 2000 CFM: ........................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 Considering 2200 CFM: ........................................................................................... 6
1.3 Assumptions: .................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 Results: ............................................................................................................................. 7
2 Duct Sizing.............................................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Equal Friction Method ..................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Procedure:......................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Assumptions: .................................................................................................................. 10
2.4 Results: ........................................................................................................................... 11
3 References ............................................................................................................................. 13

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1 Rooftop Unit:
Rooftop units are the units for heating and cooling purposes. These units are possessed on the
top of the roofs. These units are fit for flat roofs. Packaged RTU is shown in below figure:

Figure 1: Packaged RTU [1]

Packaged rooftop units have the following parts:
i. Economizer
ii. Fan
iii. Pulley
iv. Compressor
v. Condenser
vi. Evaporator
vii. Furnace
viii. Filter

1.1 Selection Procedure of RTU:

 First of all sensible cooling load and total cooling load is calculated.
 Then CFM is also calculated.
 Then external static pressure is calculated.
 Then rough determination is made by dividing total cooling load to 12000 Btu/hr.

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  Then from tables total cooling, sensible cooling and kW are found. If required conditions
do not match in the table then find values by interpolation.
 For selecting correct unit fan motor heat must be deducted and net TC and SC is calculated.
 If the unit does not match required conditions, choose a higher capacity unit.

1.2 Selection:
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑇𝐶 = 51152.53
ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑆𝐶 = 43950.34
ℎ𝑟
𝐶𝐹𝑀 = 2034.74 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 0.859
Rough selection:
𝑇𝐶 51152.52
= = 4.26 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠
12000 12000
So we are going to have a 5 ton RTU.
RTU’s for 5 tons are given in below table:

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1.2.1 Considering 2000 CFM:
External static pressure for duct system is 0.632, 0.06 is for standard filter but in
evaporators there is already static pressure is accounted so there will be no standard filter and 0.06
is for electric heater. [2]
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.632 + 0.06
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.69 𝑖𝑛. 𝑤𝑔
At 85F
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑇𝐶 = 62.5
ℎ𝑟
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑆𝐶 = 48.3
ℎ𝑟
At 95F
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑇𝐶 = 58.5
ℎ𝑟
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑆𝐶 = 46.5
ℎ𝑟
Now by interpolation
At 91F
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑇𝐶 = 60.1
ℎ𝑟
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑆𝐶 = 47.22
ℎ𝑟

𝑅𝑃𝑀 = 1070
𝑏ℎ𝑝. = 1.05
𝐹𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢 = 2.8328 × 𝑏ℎ𝑝 + 0.4714

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 𝐹𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢 = 3.44 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
Now calculating net capacity
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝐶 = 𝑇𝐶 − 𝐹𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝐶 = 60.1 − 3.44 = 56.66𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝐶 = 47.22 − 3.44 = 43.78𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
Here Sensible heat does not meet the required conditions. So, higher capacity unit will be
selected.
1.2.2 Considering 2200 CFM:
External static pressure for duct system is 0.632, 0.07 is for standard filter and 0.07 is for
electric heater.
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.632 + 0.07
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.702 𝑖𝑛. 𝑤𝑔
At 85F
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑇𝐶 = 63.2
ℎ𝑟
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑆𝐶 = 50.7
ℎ𝑟
At 95F
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑇𝐶 = 59.1
ℎ𝑟
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑆𝐶 = 48.9
ℎ𝑟
Now by interpolation
At 91F
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑇𝐶 = 60.74
ℎ𝑟
𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑆𝐶 = 49.62
ℎ𝑟
𝑅𝑃𝑀 = 1129
𝑏ℎ𝑝. = 1.28
𝐹𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢 = 2.8328 × 𝑏ℎ𝑝 + 0.4714
𝐹𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢 = 4.1 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢

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 Now calculating net capacity
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝐶 = 𝑇𝐶 − 𝐹𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑇𝐶 = 60.74 − 4.1 = 56.64𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝐶 = 49.62 − 4.1 = 45.52𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 0.803
Hence this unit meets the required load conditions.

1.3 Assumptions:
 Outdoor ambient temperature is 91 F.
 EAT is taken at 80/67 F.
 Static presser is taken for the air duct system.
 Equal friction loss is assumed.

1.4 Results:
The required cooling unit has 2200 cfm, 56.31MBtu/hr net cooling capacity, 45.19 MBtu/hr
net sensible heat capacity and 0.803 SHR.
Standard motor/fan is used having 1129 RPM. Unit model number is EBC060AD closed.

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2 Duct Sizing
Duct sizing is necessary to maintain a certain pressure in the ducts of the cooling system. There
are several processes for designing of ducts which are:
i. Equal friction method
ii. Static regain method
iii. T method
iv. Industrial exhaust system for vapors and particulates

2.1 Equal Friction Method

This method uses uniform value of friction per unit length. [3] The picture which is used to find
friction is given below:

Figure 2: Friction Loss Chart

For low velocity systems friction is taken between 0.08 to 0.16 inches of water.

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Dynamic losses coefficient is calculated by the below figure:

Figure 3: Dynamic loss Coefficient Table

2.2 Procedure:
 First of all the overall CFM is calculated of the main duct.
 Then from the figure 2 friction loss is calculated at 2034.74 CFM and 18 inches diameter.
 Then friction loss is taken uniform per unit length and remaining diameters are calculated
of the branches at cfm of branches.
 Figure 2 is used for dynamic loss coefficient of the joints.
 Then velocity pressures are calculated by the equation 19-7.
 Then friction losses for each branch and joint is calculated by below equation and equation
19-5.
 Overall friction loss is calculated by adding all the losses.
Calculations:
First of all friction loss in the main duct is calculated using figure 2 at 2034.74 cfm and 18 inches
diameter of the duct.
0.105
ℎ𝑙 = 𝑖𝑛. 𝑤𝑔
100𝑓𝑡.
Main duct is divided in 6 portions w.r.t. cfm. Now main duct of length 14 inches is taken at 2034.74
cfm and loss is calculated for main duct.
𝐻𝐿 = ℎ𝑙 × 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Main Duct:
. 105
𝐻𝐿 = × 14
100
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 𝐻𝐿 = 0.0147 𝑖𝑛. 𝑤𝑔
Ducts of the zone is shown below:

Figure 4: Air Distribution system through ducts

Then friction loss for all ducts is calculated by using above equation.
Now at 0.105 loss and cfm of each duct diameter and velocity of each duct is found from figure 2.
For equivalent circular diameter for rectangular duct is found through equation 19-1.
5 Eq.19-1
1.3(𝑎𝑏)8
𝐷𝑒 = 1
(𝑎 + 𝑏)4
Then for the tees and elbows figure 2 is used for dynamic loss coefficient. Velocity pressure is
calculated from the below equation 2:
𝑣 2 Eq.19-7
𝐻𝑣 = ( )
4005
Hv is calculated for each duct for friction loss at each joint of each duct.
Then friction loss is calculated by equation 3:
𝐻𝐿 = 𝐻𝑣 × 𝐶 Eq.19-5
Here C is dynamic loss coefficient.

2.3 Assumptions:
 First of all friction loss is taken uniform per unit length.

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  Smooth rectangular elbows are assumed for ducts 1, 2 and 10.
 Tee rectangles are used for remaining ducts.
 Lengths of the ducts are estimated.
 Continuous flow of the air is assumed.

2.4 Results:
For elbow C=0.18;
For tee to main C=1.0;
For tee to branch C=0.1;
For each grill C=0.06;
Duct Friction Diameter Length CFM Velocity
Loss (HL) (inches) (inches) (ft3/min) Pressure
(In. wg) (HV)
Main Duct 0.0147 18 14 2034.74 0.0824
Duct A 0.0168 10.44 16 489.63 0.0422
Duct B 0.00525 12.39 5 773.23 0.0531
Duct C 0.00105 14 1 1069.46 0.0623
Duct D 0.00945 12.54 9 797.95 0.0539
Duct E 0.00525 8.24 5 260.58 0.0308
Duct 1 0.01155 8.45 11 278.15 0.031
Duct 2 0.0105 7.62 10 211.48 0.0278
Duct 3 0.0126 8.51 12 283.6 0.0321
Duct 4 0.00525 6.29 5 126.07 0.0212
Duct 5 0.01575 4.94 15 65.97 0.0153
Duct 6 0.0126 8.37 12 271.51 0.0314
Duct 7 0.008925 8.37 8.5 271.51 0.0314
Duct 8 0.01365 10.81 13 537.37 0.0443
Duct 9 0.0042 10.81 4 537.37 0.0443
Duct 10 0.0126 8.24 12 260.58 0.0308
Fittings
Type
Duct 1 0.0076
elbow
Duct 2 0.0076
elbow
Duct 3 tee 0.053
0.0053
Duct 4 tee 0.082
0.0082

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Duct 5 tee 0.0824
0.0082
Duct 6 tee 0.062
0.0062
Duct 7 tee 0.031
0.0031
Duct 8 tee 0.053
0.0053
Duct 9 tee 0.044
0.0044
Duct 10 0.0055
elbow
Overall 0.632
Friction
loss

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3 References

[1] S. Kavannaugh, HVAC Simplified, 2006.

[2] I. Rand, Product Catalog-Packaged Rooftop Air Conditioners Foundation Electric 3 to 5 tons,
2019.

[3] R. L. M. &. J. A. Untner, Applied Fluid Mechanics.

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