Transferencia de calor

5-89 Heat conduction through a long L-shaped solid bar with specified boundary conditions is considered.
The temperature at the top corner (node #3) of the body after 2, 5, and 30 min is to be determined with the
transient explicit finite difference method.

Assumptions 1 Heat transfer through the body is given to be transient and two-dimensional. 2 Thermal
conductivity is constant. 3 Heat generation is uniform.

1 2
3
• • •
qL
4 5 6 7 8
• • • • •

140°C
h, T∞
Properties The conductivity and diffusivity are given to be k = 15 W/m⋅°C and α=
3.2×10−6 m /s2 .
Analysis The nodal spacing is given to be
Insulated
Δx=Δx=l=0.015 m. The explicit finite difference equations are determined on the basis of
the energy balance for the transient case expressed as

∑Q + E i elementi=ρVelementc p Tmi+1 −Tmi

All sides Δt
The quantities h T, ∞, , and e qR do not change with time, and thus we do not need to use the
superscript i for them. Also, the energy balance expressions can be simplified using the definitions of
thermal diffusivity α=k c/ρ p and the dimensionless mesh Fourier number τ α= Δt l/ 2 where Δx =Δy = l .
We note that all
nodes are boundary nodes except node 5 that is an interior node. Therefore, we will have to rely on energy
balances to obtain the finite difference equations. Using energy balances, the finite difference equations for
each of the 8 nodes are obtained as follows:

Node 1: qL l + h l i ) +k l T2i −T1i + k l T4i −T1i +e0 l2 =ρl2 c T1i+1 −T1i (T∞ −T1
2 2 2 l 2 l 4 4 Δt

l
Node 2: hl T( ∞ −T2i )+k T1i −T2i +k l T3i −T2i +kl T5i −T2i +e0 l2 =ρl2 c p T2i+1 −T2i
2 l 2 l l 2 2 Δt

i lTi
Node 3: hl T( ∞ −T3 )+ k 2 −T3i +k l T6i −T3i +e0 l2 =ρl2 c T3i+1 −T3i
2 l 2 l 4 4 Δt

(It can be rearranged as T3i+1 =⎛⎜1 4 4− τ τ− hlk ⎞⎟T ⎜⎛T

T hlke l2k2 ⎟⎠⎞ )

⎝ ⎠ ⎝

Node 4: q lL +k l T1i −T4i + k l 140−T4i +kl T5i −T4i +e0 l2 =ρl2 c T4i+1 −T4i
 2 l 2 l l 2 2 Δt

Node 5 (interior): T5i+1 = (1−4τ τ)T5i + ⎛⎝⎜⎜T i +T4i +T6i +140+ e l0k 2 ⎞⎟⎠⎟
2

Node 6: hl T( ∞ −T6i )+k l T3i −T6i +kl T5i −T6i +kl 140−T6i +k l T7i −T6i +e0 3l2 =ρ3l2 c T6i+1 −T6i
2 l l l 2 l 4 4 Δt

−
Node 7: hl T( ∞ −T7i )+ k l T6i −T7i +k l T8i −T7i + kl 140 T7i +e0 l2 =ρl2 c T7i+1 −T7i
2 l 2 l l 2 2 Δt

Node 8: h l (T −T i ) +k l T7i −T8i + k l 140−T8i +e0 l2 =ρl2 c T8i+1 −T8i

∞ 8
2 2 l 2 l 4 4 Δt
where e0 = 2 10× 7 W/m , 3 qL = 8000 W/m ,2 l = 0.015 m, k =15 W/m⋅°C, h = 80 W/m2⋅°C, and T∞
=25°C.

educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.PROPRIETARY
MATERIAL. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and

5-76

The upper limit of the time step Δt is determined from the stability criteria that requires the
coefficient of Tmi in the Tmi+1 expression (the primary coefficient) be greater than or equal to zero for all
nodes. The smallest primary coefficient in the 8 equations above is the coefficient of T3i in the T3i+1
expression since it is exposed to most convection per unit volume (this can be verified), and thus the
stability criteria for this problem can be expressed as
hl 1 l2
1− −4τ τ4 ≥0 → τ≤ → Δt ≤
k 4 1( +hl k/ ) 4α(1+hl k/
)
since τ α= Δt l/ 2 . Substituting the given quantities, the maximum allowable value of the time step is
determined to be
(0.015 m)2
Δ ≤t =16.3 s
2 2
4(3.2 10× −6
m /s)[1 + (80 W/m . C)(0.015 m) /(15 W/m. C ° ° )]
Therefore, any time step less than 16.3 s can be used to solve this problem. For convenience, we choose the
time step to be Δt = 15 s. Then the mesh Fourier number becomes
αΔt (3.2 10× −6 m /s)(15 s)2
τ= = = 0.2133 (for Δt = 15 s) l2 (0.015 m)2

Using the specified initial condition as the solution at time t = 0 (for i = 0), sweeping through the 9
equations above will give the solution at intervals of 15 s. Using a computer, the solution at the upper
corner node (node 3) is determined to be 441, 520, and 529°C at 2, 5, and 30 min, respectively. It can be
shown that the steady state solution at node 3 is 531°C.
educators for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.PROPRIETARY
MATERIAL. © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and