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December 5, 2005
A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
Table of Contents
1. Background...........................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1. Document Purpose.....................................................................................................................................................3
1.2. Intended Audience......................................................................................................................................................3
3. Scope .......................................................................................................................................................................................5
4. Processes ................................................................................................................................................................................6
4.1. Organization, Planning, Scheduling and Budgeting............................................................................................6
4.1.1. Program Planning.................................................................................................................................................. 6
4.1.2. Integrated Baseline Reviews ............................................................................................................................... 7
4.2. Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting.......................................................................................................................7
4.2.1. EVM Data Collection........................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2.2. Reporting and Analysis of EVMS Data ............................................................................................................ 7
4.2.3. Integration with Portfolio Management ............................................................................................................ 7
4.2.4 Training................................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.3. Data Management and Control...............................................................................................................................8
4.3.1. Baseline Change Control Process....................................................................................................................... 8
4.3.2. Corrective Action Plans ....................................................................................................................................... 8
4.3.3. Compliance Reviews ............................................................................................................................................ 8
4.3.4. Surveillance Reviews ........................................................................................................................................... 9
4.4. Templates and Tools..................................................................................................................................................9
4.5. Integration of EVMS with Acquisition Processes.................................................................................................9
6. Glossary...............................................................................................................................................................................11
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
1. Background
Earned Value Management (EVM) is a project management control tool allowing visibility into
technical, cost and schedule planning, performance and progress for major IT projects. EVM not
only encourages contractors to use effective internal cost and schedule management control
systems, but also provides the manager with timely and consistent cost, schedule and progress
data. The implementation of an Earned Value Management System (EVMS) ensures that cost,
schedule, and technical aspects of the contract are truly integrated and estimated, and actual
progress of the project can be identified. OMB requires the use of an EVMS compliant with the
guidelines in ANSI/EIA Standard 748 for all major IT investments with development work.
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
2.1. Legislation
Relevant legislation includes:
• Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 – Mandates the use of performance
metrics.
• Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994 – Requires agency heads to achieve, on
average, 90% of the cost and schedule goals established for major and non- major
acquisition programs of the agency without reducing the performance or capabilities of
the items being acquired.
• Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 – Requires establishment of the processes for executive
agencies to analyze, track, and evaluate the risks and results of major investments in IT
and requires reporting on the net program performance benefits achieved by agencies.
2.2. Policies
Relevant policy inc ludes:
• OMB Circular A-11 (Part 7, Planning, Budgeting, Acquisition & Management of Capital
Asset) – Outlines a systematic process for program management, which includes
integration of program scope, schedule, and cost objective; requires use of earned value
techniques for performance measurement during execution of the program; specifically
identifies ANSI/EIA Standard 748.
• OMB Memorandum M-04-24, “Expanded Electronic Government (E-Gov) President’s
Management Agenda (PMA) Scorecard Cost, Schedule and Performance Standards for
Success – Provides additional information on the President’s Management Agenda
(PMA) Expanded Electronic Government initiative and the standard for success
concerning cost, schedule and performance goals.
• OMB Memorandum M-05-23, “Improving Information Technology (IT) Project Planning
and Execution” – Provides guidance to assist agencies in monitoring and improving
project planning and execution and fully implementing EVMS for major IT projects.
2.3. Standards
Relevant standards include:
• American National Standards Institute/Electronic Industries Association (ANSI/EIA)
Earned Value Management System (EVMS) Standard 748-1998 – Industry process for
use of EVMS including integration of program scope, schedule and cost objectives,
establishment of a baseline plan for accomplishment of program objectives, and use of
earned value techniques for performance measurement during the execution of a
program.
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
3. Scope
Agency EVM policy should define the criteria to determine projects for which EVMS applies.
Criteria should be consistent with OMB Circular A-11 and other relevant legislation, policies,
and standards as outlined above.
OMB Circular A-11 defines a “major acquisition/investment” to mean a system or project
requiring special management attention because of its importance to the mission or function of
the agency, a component of the agency or another organization; is for financial management and
obligates more than $500,000 annually; has significant program or policy implications; has high
executive visibility; has high development, operating, or maintenance costs; or is defined as
major by the agency’s capital planning and investment control process. OMB may work with the
agency to declare other investments as major investments. Agencies may add additional criteria
for defining projects as “major”.
Per OMB Circular A-11, EVMS is required for those parts of the major investment where
developmental effort is required. EVMS is to be applied to both Government and contractor
efforts. For operational/steady state systems, an operational analysis system as discussed in
Phase IV of the Capital Programming Guide is required. A performance-based service
contract/agreement with a defined quality assurance plan should be the basis for monitoring
contractor or in- house performance of this phase.
Furthermore, agencies may identify additional criteria for defining projects to which EVMS is
required. Such a classification can be based on criteria including:
• Level of management visibility
• Level of development/modernization/enhancement (DME) funding
• Duration of development phase
• Level of risk
If compliance with EVMS guidelines is not required, consider whether tailored products and
processes that are EVMS-based should be employed. With tailoring, the objective remains
effective management control of contract performance risk and to obtain early indicators of
expected cost, performance, and schedule results.
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
4. Processes
The agency EVM policy should provide details regarding agency processes to implement and
use EVM to plan and manage IT investments. The policy should give consideration to both
federal staff and contractor resources.
ANSI/EIA Standard 748 provides an overall structure for an integrated
cost/schedule/performance measurement system. The structure consists of 32 criteria organized
into five high- level categories:
• Organization,
• Planning, Scheduling and Budgeting,
• Accounting Considerations,
• Analysis and Management Reports, and
• Revisions and Data Maintenance.
Agency EVM policy should be consistent with these categories and criteria. Please refer to
Appendix A for the full list of ANSI/EIA Standard 748 criteria. The following sections provide a
framework for agencies to use in developing the processes for the implementation and use of
EVM. The sections are aligned to the five high- level categories outlined in ANSI/EIA Standard
748.
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
manage the data reported; how is performance information reported to senior management; and
what they do with the information).
4.2.4 Training
Agency EVM policy should outline guidelines on training for program office staff and contractor
personnel on the analysis of generated earned value data. Suggestions for training include:
formal training classes; contractor-sponsored training; on-the-job training; and training materials
available on performance management websites.
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
6. Glossary
The agency EVM policy should contain a glossary of common EVMS terminology to ensure a
common understanding.
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
11. Provide that the sum of all work package budgets plus planning package budgets within a
control account equals the control account budget.
12. Identify and control level of effort activity by time-phased budgets established for this
purpose. Only that effort which is unmeasurable or for which measurement is impractical
may be classified as level of effort.
13. Establish overhead budgets for each significant organizational component of the company
for expenses which will become indirect costs. Reflect in the program budgets, at the
appropriate level, the amounts in overhead pools that are planned to be allocated to the
program as indirect costs.
14. Identify management reserves and undistributed budget.
15. Provide that the program target cost goal is reconciled with the sum of all internal program
budgets and management reserves.
Accounting Considerations
16. Record direct costs in a manner consistent with the budgets in a formal system controlled
by the general books of account.
17. When a work breakdown structure is used, summarize direct costs from control accounts
into the work breakdown structure without allocation of a single control account to two or
more work breakdown structure elements.
18. Summarize direct costs from the control accounts into the contractor's organizational
elements without allocation of a single control account to two or more organizational
elements.
19. Record all indirect costs which will be allocated to the contract.
20. Identify unit costs, equivalent units costs, or lot costs when needed.
21. For EVMS, the material accounting system will provide for:
Ÿ Accurate cost accumulation and assignment of costs to control accounts in a manner
consistent with the budgets using recognized, acceptable, costing techniques.
Ÿ Cost performance measurement at the point in time most suitable for the category of
material involved, but no earlier than the time of progress payments or actual receipt
of material.
Ÿ Full accountability of all material purchased for the program including the residual
inventory.
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
Ÿ Comparison of the amount of planned budget and the amount of budget earned for
work accomplished. This comparison provides the schedule variance.
Ÿ Comparison of the amount of the budget earned the actual (applied where
appropriate) direct costs for the same work. This comparison provides the cost
variance.
23. Identify, at least monthly, the significant differences between both planned and actual
schedule performance and planned and actual cost performance, and provide the reasons
for the variances in the detail needed by program management.
24. Identify budgeted and applied (or actual) indirect costs at the level and frequency needed
by management for effective control, along with the reasons for any significant variances.
25. Summarize the data elements and associated variances through the program organization
and/or work breakdown structure to support management needs and any customer reporting
specified in the contract.
26. Implement managerial actions taken as the result of earned value information.
27. Develop revised estimates of cost at completion based on performance to date, commitment
values for material, and estimates of future conditions. Compare this information with the
performance measurement baseline to identify variances at completion important to
company management and any applicable customer reporting requirements including
statements of funding requirements.
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
(iii) Describe the mana gement system and its application in terms of the EVMS guidelines;
(iv) Describe the proposed procedure for administration of the guidelines, as applied to
subcontractors; and
(v) Provide documentation describing the process and results of any third-party or self-
evaluation of the system's compliance with the EVMS guidelines.
(2) The offeror shall provide information and assistance as required by the Contracting Officer
to support review of the plan.
(3) The Government will review the offeror's plan for EVMS before contract award.
(c) Offerors shall identify the major subcontractors, or major subcontracted effort if major
subcontractors have not been selected, planned for application of the guidelines. The prime
Contractor and the Government shall agree to subcontractors selected for application of the
EVMS guidelines.
(End of provision)
(a) The offeror shall provide documentation that the cognizant Administrative Contracting
Officer (ACO) or a Federal department or agency has recognized that the proposed earned value
management system (EVMS) complies with the EVMS guidelines in ANSI/EIA Standard-748
(current version at time of solicitation).
(b) If the offeror proposes to use a system that does not meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of
this provision, the offeror shall submit a comprehensive plan for compliance with the EVMS
guidelines.
(1) The plan shall--
(i) Describe the EVMS the offeror intends to use in performance of the contracts;
(ii) Distinguish between the offeror's existing management system and modifications proposed
to meet the guidelines;
(iii) Describe the management system and its application in terms of the EVMS guidelines;
(iv) Describe the proposed procedure for administration of the guidelines, as applied to
subcontractors; and
(v) Provide documentation describing the process and results of any third-party or self-
evaluation of the system's compliance with the EVMS guidelines.
(2) The offeror shall provide information and assistance as required by the Contracting Officer
to support review of the plan.
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
(3) The Government will review and approve the offeror's plan for EVMS before contract
award.
(c) Offerors shall identify the major subcontractors, or major subcontracted effort if major
subcontractors have not been selected subject to the guidelines. The prime Contractor and the
Government shall agree to subcontractors selected for application of the EVMS guidelines.
(d) The Government will conduct an Integrated Baseline Review (IBR), as designated by the
agency, prior to contract award. The objective of the IBR is for the Government and the
Contractor to jointly assess technical areas, such as the Contractor's planning, to ensure complete
coverage of the contract requirements, logical scheduling of the work activities, adequate
resources, methodologies for earned value (budgeted cost for work performed (BCWP)), and
identification of inherent risks.
(End of provision)
[[Page 17949]]
compliant with the guidelines in ANSI/EIA Standard-748 (current version at time of award)), the
Contractor shall apply the system to the contract and shall be prepared to demonstrate to the
ACO that the EVMS complies with the EVMS guidelines referenced in paragraph
(a) of this clause.
(c) Agencies may conduct Integrated Baseline Reviews (IBR). If a pre-award IBR has not been
conducted, such a review shall be scheduled as early as practicable after contract award, but not
later than 180 days after award. The Contracting Officer may also require an IBR at (1) exercise
of significant options or (2) incorporation of major modifications. Such reviews will normally be
scheduled before award of the contract action.
(d) Unless a waiver is granted by the ACO or Federal department or agency, Contractor proposed
EVMS changes require approval of the ACO or Federal department or agency, prior to
implementation. The ACO or Federal department or agency, shall advise the Contractor of the
acceptability of such changes within 30 calendar days after receipt of the notice of proposed
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A Framework for Developing Earned Value Management Systems (EVMS) Policy
for Information Technology (IT) Projects – December 5, 2005
changes from the Contractor. If the advance approval requirements are waived by the ACO or
Federal department or agency, the Contractor shall disclose EVMS changes to the ACO or
Federal department or agency at least 14 calendar days prior to the effective date of
implementation.
(e) The Contractor agrees to provide access to all pertinent records and data requested by the
Contracting Officer or a duly authorized representative. Access is to permit Government
surveillance to ensure that the EVMS conforms, and continues to conform, with the performance
criteria referenced in paragraph (a) of this clause.
(f) The Contractor shall require the subcontractors specified below to comply with the
requirements of this clause: [Insert list of applicable subcontractors.]
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(End of clause)
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