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Meaning Planning
The stagnation and decline of destination or attraction may be due to the lack of
planning or poor planning. According to the destination life cycle concepts as defined
by Plog, destination areas tend to rise and fall in popularity according to the whims
Allocentric group- the innovators in the travel market who look for less crowded and
unique destinations. As the destination area becomes more widely publicized and
They are placed by the mid-centrics who greatly outnumber the allocentrics in the
population. Plog believes that the mid-centric appeal stage in the destination area’s
history is similar to maturity phase of the products life cycle where sales volumes are
at their peak.
According to Plog, the psychocentric stage is the final point in the destination area’s
life cycle because it has lost its appeal to both the market innovators and the mass
market.
Plog’s hypothesis is that destination areas can “carry with them potential seeds of
to discard unique appeals which made them popular in the first place.
maintain the integrity of the area. The second would be to have a rigid development
plan to which developers must confirm. The third would be to develop new
Physical Impacts
Pollution
Traffic problems
B. Human Impacts
Less accessibility to services and tourist attraction for local residents resulting in
local resentment
C. Marketing Impacts
Failure to capitalize on new marketing opportunities
D. Organizational Impacts
to the industry
E. Other Impact
ones. Planning is important and should provide a quality environment for both
organization
tourists.
countries.
Water, and sewage systems provided for tourists also help local industries.
the area.
In a developing society, people tend to adopt the lifestyle of the tourist changing their
democratic countries, the government and private sector play a valid role in the
tourism planning.
Tourism planning should take place at many levels within a country. The starting
point for the tourism planning process in any country should be the development of
strategies, objectives and plans are developed. Thus, all planning efforts should be
complementary to the national tourism policy. All tourism plans should be given time
spans and should be reviewed and modifies at the expiration of their time spans.
Barriers to Planning
Many people are against planning in principle, particularly within the free-enterprise
It is expensive.
Planning is an ongoing process that must keep up with the changing character of the
Synthesis phase
Plan-development phase
Background Analysis
The first step in tourism-planning process is a situational analysis that provides the
Tourism policy goals are usually classified into four, namely: economic,
There is a hierarchy of goals and objective in tourism policy making and planning.
The background analysis should produce an inventory or listing of the area’s tourism
resource components.
Description of existing tourism demand in the destination area using readily available
Modes of travel and within the destination area and past usage volumes (aircraft,
Tourist’s demographics such as age, income, education, occupation and travel party
composition
Trip purposes
Any participation
Market segments (families with children, singles, tour groups, business groups)
facilities
organizations.
Using the inventory of tourism resource components as base, the first step in the
resource analysis involves the preparation of maps identifying the location of major
resources.
The last stage of the resource analysis is the resource classification. This is ranking
or grading of the scope of appeal of the tourism resources of the destination area.
The second component of the detailed research step is the activity analysis.
Activities include all the things the tourist can do while visiting the destination area,
ranging from recreational pursuits like skiing to more passive pursuits such as
A good tourism plan will include some original research on the existing and potential
areas as well as its own. Destination areas closer to a prime market are called
intervening opportunities because the tourist must pass them to reach the subject
destination area.
The detailed market research can assist in identifying the most competitive
destinations, their individual’s strengths and weaknesses and the steps to be taken
The third step of the tourism planning process is where major’s conclusions
Tourism development
Tourism marketing
Tourism awareness
The first step in the synthesis phase is the preparation of position statements on
each of the five subjects. The position statement indicates “where we are now’’ with
support services.
The second step is to determine “where we would like to be’’ or the desired future
situation. It is useful for the destination area to verbalize these desired states in
terms of tourism development, marketing, industry organizations, awareness and
support services.
Tourism plans provide the “bridge’’ between the present situation in a destination
In Ontario, Canada, the major policy goal for tourism was “to stimulate employment,
Plan Development
The tourism planning process is the development of the plan. The plan includes the
actions needed to achieve the objectives, implement the strategy and satisfy the
It takes each of the plan objectives and specifies the following for each of them:
The roles and responsibilities of the public and private sector in carrying out these
The specific development and marketing concepts and opportunities that will help
b) The timetable carrying out specific programs and actions within the plan.
c) The method for monitoring the success of the plan on a periodic basis during
its term
The tourism plan reports are presented in two parts. The first is the summary report
containing the plan itself, while the second is a more detailed technical report
containing all the research, findings produced during the planning process.