Music10 Q1 Mod1

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Music – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Music of the 20th Century
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Samuel A. Banda, MA.Ed.Ad., Jan Elmar P. Tabamo, Tirso K. Torniado
Content Editor: Raquel Rita D. Salingay, EdD, Daniel A. Flores
Language Editor: Karen Mae B. Segumpan
Reviewer: Ernesto D. Reciña, Jr., EPS – MAPEH
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School Division Superintendent
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Mala Epra B. Magnaong, PhD., Chief CLMD
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MUSIC
Quarter 1
Music of the 20th Century Style
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
bukidnon@deped.gov.ph.
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Department of Education . Republic of the Philippines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT
Note to the Teacher/ Facilitator
Note to the Learner
Note to the Parents/Guardian
Module Icons
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
WHAT I KNOW (Pretest)
Lesson 1- (Impressionism to Modern Nationalism)
What I Need To Know 1
What I Know 1
What’s In 3
What’s New 3
What is it 4
What’s More 10
Independent Practice
What I Have Learned 12
What I Can Do 12
Assessment 13
Guided Assessment 15
Independent Assessment
Additional Activities 14
Lesson 2- (Characteristic Style and Movements of Music)
What I Know 15
What’s In 16
What’s New 16
17
What is it
What’s More 18
Guided/Controlled Practice
What I Can Do 19
Assessment 20
Guided Assessment
Lesson 3- (Music Performance Practice)
What I Know 22
What’s In 23
What’s New 23
What is it 24
What’s More 24
What I Can Do 25
Assessment 27
Guided Assessment
Lesson 4- (Musical Forms)
What I Know 29
What’s In 30
What’s New 30
What is it 31
What’s More 34
What I Can Do 35
Assessment 36
Guided Assessment
th
Lesson 5- (Music and Visual Arts of the 20 Century)
What I Know 38
What’s In 39
What’s New 39
What is it 40
What’s More 41
What I Can Do 44
Assessment 45
Guided Assessment
Lesson 6- (The Exploration of Arts and Media in Music)
What I Know 48
What’s In 50
What’s New 50
What is it 51
What’s More 52
What I Can Do 53
Assessment 53
Guided Assessment
Lesson 7- Music and Musical Performance)
What I Know 55
What’s In 56
What’s New 56
What is it 57
What’s More 58
What I Can Do 59
Assessment 60
Guided Assessment
Lesson 8- ( Performance Task: Rubrics) 62
POSTTEST 63
ANSWER KEYS 65
REFERENCES 71
Introductory Message
Welcome to the Music 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Music
of the 20th Century Styles.
This module describes distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th
century styles which were collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you- the teacher or
facilitator. It helps the learners in meeting the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their ability to adapt to change.
Note to the Teacher
In response to the need for today’s challenging new normal way of living due
to pandemic, this module for Grade 10 learners is the first book uniquely designed to
achieve the goals set by the Department of Education. It is expected that with the
use of the modern technologies that we have, millennial teachers are foretold to be
more innovative, creative, resilient, and orally competent.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learner’s progress while allowing them to
manage their learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
Note to the Learners
Learning occurs anywhere and anytime. With this, modules are developed to
address the Education for All (EFA) goals of our country. As you go through the
pages, you will discover the variety of learning and insights on the 20th century
music with the help of technology. You will also appreciate the easy-to-follow lesson
format and new the concepts introduced with an interesting application followed by a
clear explanation and examples.
The writer of the module would like to commend you on giving time to answer
some activities designed to develop your knowledge and skills in learning the music
in the 20th century and its musical elements and styles. Your decision to engage
yourself in learning this module is a worthwhile experience for you as a learner.
Note to the Parents/Guardian
As a parent/guardian, you are expected to participate and facilitate diverse
learning experiences and activities of your child outside the school premises. We
believe that your engagement will create conditions in which your child learns more
effectively. By assessing your child in taking up his/her lessons, you will become an
important factor in your child’s overall learning and education.
Good luck! Hope you will enjoy working with this module.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone in this endeavour.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies.
In this module, you will learn to evaluate and assess the composers and the
musical elements applied in the 20th century.
The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Impressionism to Modern Nationalism
 Lesson 2 – Characteristic Style and Movements
 Lesson 3 – Music Performance Practice
 Lesson 4 – Musical Forms
 Lesson 5— Music and Visual Arts of the 20th Century
 Lesson 6—The Exploration of Arts and Media in Music
 Lesson 7—Music and Musical Performance
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20 th century styles;
2. Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of
composers/performers, and audience) of 20 th century music;
3. Relate 20th century music to other art forms and media during the same
period;
4. Perform music sample from the 20th century
5. Evaluate music and music performances using guided rubrics.
What I Need to Know
Pre-Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which one of the musical compositions of Sergie Prokofeiff is intended

only for children?
A. Romeo and Juliet C. Peter and Wolf
B. War and Peace D. Song of the Bagpipe
2. How many years did the Mikrokosmos, as one of the exceptional works of
Bartok last?
A. 12 B.13 C.14 D.15
3. Who among the composers was born to musical parents and died on
September 26, 1945, in New York City?
A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky
B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin
4. Who was the proponent of the Neo-classicism?
A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel
B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg
5. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born?
A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden
6. Which of the following phrases is an appropriate meaning of Syncopation?
A. On-the-beat accent C. Off-the-beat accent
B. On-the-air of accent D. On-the-speeding up the tempo
7. Which one of the following basic related terms of meter cannot be observed
through the standard patterns used by the conductors?
A. Andante B. Quadruple C. Triple D. Duple
8. Which of the following musical elements refers to the horizontal and linear
presentation of a pitch?
A. Dynamics B. Melody C. Harmony D. Form
9. Which texture of music gives a pattern of regular or irregular pulses occur of
strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats?
A. Rhythm B. Harmony C. Melody D. Movement
10. Which movement of music that depicts the particular emotions, responses of
objects, and events arouse in the artist?
A. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism
B. Expressionism D. Neo-classical
11. Which movement of music seeks to return in aesthetic precepts associated
with the broadly defined concept?
A. Avant-garde C. Neo-classicism
C. Expressionism D. Impressionism
12. Which of the following choices that is invented by the performers and in making or
doing something which is not planned?
A. Active B. Domineering C. Progressive D. Improvisation
13. Which of the following melodies is described as smooth, easy to sing and
play?
A. Conjunct C. Dissonance
B. Consonance D. Disjunct
14. Which kind of musical element produces different sound qualities depending
on the characteristic of its pattern?
A. Theme B. Texture C. Pitch D. Tone/Timber
15. Which attitude of a composer is described as the ability to make new things
or think of new ideas?
A. Creative B. Possessive C. Advance D. Timid
/
This lesson will help you understand the distinctive musical elements of
given pieces at the same time the cultural and historical background of the
composers of the 20th century. If you encounter problems and difficulties in
answering it, seek assistance from your teacher or facilitator. You can also
consult your peers or refer to the module you have studied previously for
reference and guidance. You may check your work with your teachers.
In this lesson, you are expected to:
 Describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century

styles.
Directions: Inside the box are the names of the prominent composers in the 20th
century. Identify the pictures by writing the number on the space
provided before each name.
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PROMINENT COMPOSERS
____Arnold Schoenberg ____Claude Debussy

____ Igor Stravinsky ____ Joseph Maurice Ravel
____Francis Poulenc ____ George Gershwin
____Bela Bartok ____Phillip Glass
____Leonard Bernstein ____Sergei Prokofeiff
____William Schuman ____ Nikolai Korsakov
____ Alexander Borodin ____ Mily Balakirev
____Ramon Santos ____ Lucresia Kasilag
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Welcome to the first topic of the lesson. You will be
learning the transition of the music of the 20th century. So,
what are you waiting for? Start having fun and be informed
of the different movements in music.
In your lessons on vocal music of the romantic period in Grade 9, you sang
and performed themes of selected songs. Vocal music was one of the best tools for
expressing one’s feelings. The romantic period’s basic quality is emotional
subjectivity, the composer’s feelings of grandiosity, intimacy, unpredictability,
sadness, rapture, and longing. To fully understand and appreciate music as a whole,
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this module will let you experience and explore the transitory period in the music of
the 20th century. Through understanding the past, we learn to appreciate the things
we enjoy today.
Music of the 20th Century:
The musical works of the 20th century introduced new styles and movements
of music with dissonances, percussive sounds, and irregular rhythms. Music of the
20th century was greatly influenced by the movements in Europe in the context of
Impressionism, Expressionism, Neo-classicism, Avant-Garde and Modern
Nationalism. These musical movements contribute various styles and distinctive
compositions and arrangements behind their innovative and experimental styles.
“The Transitory Period and the Musical Movement”
What is It
1. IMPRESSIONISM
It is a musical style that produces new indirect musical colors that lightly
overlapped in different chords with each other. It works on nature sounds like the
splashing of the waves, flowing river, chirping of the birds, and the soft music evoked
and its beauty, likeness, and brilliance. Impressionism normally gives the feeling of
finality to a piece, moods and textures, harmonic vagueness about the structure of
certain chords, and the use of a whole-tone scale.
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Among the most famous impressionist composers in the world, both
developed a particular style of composition were Claude Debussy and Joseph
Maurice Ravel.
CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)
He was born last August 22, 1862, in St. Germain-en-Laye in France. With his
intention to change the sequence of music from traditional
and conventional ways, he found new ways in evolving into a
new language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form,
texture, and color which describes distinctive musical
elements. He acquired and gained refutations as an erratic
pianist and rebel in theory and harmony added with other
systems of musical composition because of his passion for
music. Fortunately won the top prize at the Prix de Rome
competition with his composition (“L’ Enfant Prodigue”).
Among his composition were represented by the following
works: Ariettes Oubliees, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun,
String Quartet, Pelleas et Melisande (1895), La Mer (1905),
Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes, Claire de Lune (moonlight). He was
able to compose musical pieces more or less 227 which include orchestral music,
chamber music, piano music, operas, ballets, songs, and other vocal music. He was
inspired by Franz Liszt, Fredrick Chopin, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Giuseppe
Verdi.
He was called the “Father of the modern school of composition” that marks
him on the styles of later 20th century composers like Igor Stravinsky, Edgar Varese,
and Olivier Messiaen. He ventured visual arts through the influenced by Monet,
Pissarro, Manet, Degas and Renoir. Furthermore, he indulged also in literary arts
significantly influenced by Mallarme, Verlaine, and Rimbaud. As a person he was
tender, loving and compassionate, he died with cancer in Paris last March 25, 1918
at the height of the First World War.
MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)
He was the son of a Basque mother and a Swiss

father and born in Ciboure, France. At the age of 14, he
entered the Paris Conservatory with the eminent French
composer Gabriel Faure and composed a number of
masterpieces where he studied music. He characterized with
unique innovative but not an atonal style of harmonic
treatment with intricate and sometimes modal and extended
chordal components.
Ravel’s works are only musically satisfying but also
pleasantly dissonant elegantly sophisticated applying
harmonic progressions and modulations. Refining his
delicacy and color, contrast and effects add to the difficulty in the proper execution of
the musical passages with water in its flowing and stormy moods, as well as with
human characterizations where many of his works dealt with it. He was a
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perfectionist composer adheres to classical form specifically ternary structure; he
was considered as a strong advocate of Russian music and admired the music of
Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, and Mendelsshon. Ravel’s output comprises approximately
60 pieces for piano, chamber music, song cycles, ballet, and opera. These are the
following works:
 Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899)
 Jeux d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901)
 String Quartet (1903)
 Sonatine for Piano (c.1904)
 Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905
 Gaspard de la Nuit (1908)
 Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911)
 Le Tombeau de Couperin (c.1917)
 Rhapsodie Espagnole
 Bolero
 Daphnis et Chloe (1912)
 La Valse (1920)
 Tzigane (1922)
Unfortunately, he died with Aphasia on December 28, 1937.
2. EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionism presents atonality and the twelve-tone scale revealing
composer’s mind, expressing strong emotions, anxiety, rage, and alienation. It
expresses the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. One of
the proponents of expressionism is Arnold Schoenberg.
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)
Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer born last September 13, 1874,
in a working-class of Suburb of Vienna, Austria. He was
famous as the exponent of the twelve-tone system with twelve
tones related only to one another also known as the serial
technique. He was influenced by Richard Wagner, a German
composer.
His contribution to music includes atonality, meaning the
absence of key evolved from an emphasis on chromatic
harmony in the liberal use of the twelve tones in a chromatic
scale. Apart from it, he also includes serialism and
Sprechstimmre which is a manner of performing a song with
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half-sung and half-spoken. In 1908, he began to write approximately 213 musical
compositions include concerte, orchestral music, piano music, opera, choral music,
songs, and other instrumental music. His works include the following:
 Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 1
 Pierrot Lunaire,
 Gurreleider
 Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899)
He died last July 13, 195, in Los Angeles, California, USA where he had settled
since 1934.
3. NEOCLASSICISM
Neo-classicism music is different from the two movements. This is light,
entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional content. The composition style
used by the composer was the seven-note diatonic scale. This period combines
tonal harmonies applying with slight dissonance which has a three- movement
format like shifting time signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic patterns, as well
as harmonic dissonance that produce harsh chords. The composers of this time in
neo-classicism are Francis Poulenc, Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, and Sergei
Prokofeiff.
IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)
Igor Stravinsky was a Russian born composer and

conductor who became both and American and a French
citizen, he was born last June 17, 1882, in Oraniaenbaum
(now Lomonosov) Russia. His style of music is neoclassical
which uses scale, cords, and tone color in a clear and
traditional way with frequent changes in meter signature,
offbeat syncopation, and displacing regular accent as he
utilize. He adopted the forms of 18 th century music with his
contemporary style of writing, very structured, precise,
controlled, full of artifice, and theatricality despite its shocking modernity. In 1939, he
went to USA and venture another style of music to experience his passion and
wanted to integrate his knowledge in Russian music. However, he opted and slowly
turned back into his nationalistic style of Russian music and cultivate his neoclassical
style in which Stravinsky’s work.
Stravinsky was able to produce a musical output of approximately 127 works,
including concerti, orchestral music, instrumental music, operas, and ballets, solo
vocal, and choral music. On April 6, 1971 he died in New York City. The following
are the works of Stravinsky:
Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), The Rite of Spring (1913), The wedding
(1923), AND Agon (1957), orchestral music like Symphonies of wind instruments
(1920), concerto for pianos and winds (1924), Dumbarton Oaks Concerto (1938),
Symphony in C (1940), Symphony in 3 movements (1945), and Ebon concerto
(1945); choral music like Symphony of Psalms (1930), Canticum Sacrum (1955),
Threni (1958), and Requiem Canticles (1966); and operas like The Rake’s Progress
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(1951), opera oratorio Oedipus Rex (1927), and other dramatic works like the
Soldier’s Hale (1918).
SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891-1953)
He was born last 1891 in Ukraine. He combined the movements of music like
Neoclassicism, Nationalism, and Avant-Garde composition.
With his progressive technique, pulsating rhythms, melodic
directness, and a resolving dissonance he was uniquely
recognized. In writing symphonies, chamber music, concerte,
and solo instrumental music, he became a productive and
prolific composer. He worked and linked with other
composers, combined styles of Haydn and Mozart as
classicist and Igor Stravinsky as Neo-Classicist also inspired
by Beethoven with two highly regarded violin concerte and
two string quartets.
With his desire to write music for the ballet and opera, he was given a chance
to contact with Diaghilev and Stravinsky for Romeo and Juliet for ballet, and War
and Peace for opera. He intendedly wrote a light-hearted orchestral work for children
to pacify the continuing government restrictions and disciplinary actions at the time of
Avant-Garde composers entitled Peter and the Wolf. He died
in Moscow on March 15, 1953.
BELA BARTOK (1881-1945)

Bela Bartok was born last March 25, 1881 in
Nagyszentmiklos, Hungary (Romania). Began lessons with
his mother and made folk songs transcription. He opened the
way to new modal kinds of harmony and irregular meter. He
was a Hungarian composer and pianist, created a distinctive
musical style using folk music. He excelled in instrumental
music writing many works for solo piano pieces, six string
quartets and other chamber music, three concertos for piano,
one for violin and several compositions for orchestras, the
reinterpreted, traditional-musical forms like the rondo, fugue, and sonata. He utilized
changing meters and strong syncopations in his music style.
The six string quartet is the greatest achievement of his creative life that
lasted for full 30 years for their completion. He combined difficult and dissonant
music with mysterious sounds as description of the composition.
Approximately 700 musical compositions include concerti, orchestral music,
piano music, instrumental music, dramatic music, choral music, and songs. The
concerto for orchestra in 1943, is a five-movement work featuring the exceptional
talents of each various soloist in an intricately constructive piece. On the other hand,
Allegro Barbaro (1911) drew percussive sounds with swirling rhythms where a solo
piano is punctuated. Meanwhile, Mikrokosmos contains a collection of six books as a
legacy in music introducing and familiarizing contemporary harmony and rhythm to
the piano students technically and progressively. In 1940, he left Hungary for the
United States. On September 26, 1945, he died of leukemia in New York City
Hospital.
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4. AVANT-GARDE
This form of music was considered as the vanguard of experimentation or

innovation period. The existing aesthetic and conventional type of music has been
put on to criticize, rejecting the status quo in favor of unique or original elements.
Adopting extreme composition within a certain tradition the so- called “Experimental
Music”. The new attitude will be altered toward musical movement and it varies in the
continuity where the notes being grouped into.
The proponents of the Avant-Garde Movement of Music are George Gershwin,
Leonard Bernstein, and Phillip Glass.
GEORGE GERSHWIN
He was considered as a phenomenal composer, a cross-over artist, and a
father of American Jazz. Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous songs, serious
compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire, and with the mixture
of the primitive and sophisticated music which lasted long after his death. He
composed 369 musical works, including orchestral music, chamber music, musical
theater, film musicals, operas, and songs.
Among the compositions are the following:

Rhapsody in Blue (1924), and American in Paris
(1928), Porgy and Bess (1934). He was fascinated with
classical music influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg,
and Schoenberg as well as the group of contemporary
that shapes the character of his major works like half
jazz and half classical known as “Les Six”. He died last
July 11, 1937 in Hollywood, California, USA.
LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)
This notable composer was born in

Massachusetts, USA, he commended himself as a
charismatic conductor, pianist, composer, and
lecturer to his many followers. On November 14,
1943, he was requested to be a substitute for the
ailing Bruno Walter in conducting the New York
Philharmonic Orchestra in a concert.
Bernstein’s compositions for the stage are the
key that made people known him. Among these is
the musical West Side Story (1957), an American version of Romeo and Juliet,
which displays a tuneful, off-beat, and highly atonal approach to the songs. Other
outputs include another Broadway hit Candide (1956) and the much-celebrated
Mass (1971).
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His musical compositions total around 90. He composed the music for the film
On the Waterfront (1954). He was fondly remembered for his television series
“Young People’s Concerts” (1958–1973) that demonstrated the sounds of the
various orchestral instruments and explained basic music principles to young
audiences, as well as his Harvardian Lectures. He died on October 14, 1990, in New
York City, USA.
PHILLIP GLASS (1937)

He is one of the Avant-Garde composers who also
explored the areas of ballet, opera, theatre, film, and even
television jingles. His style of music was criticized as
uneventful and shallow because of its application to new
sound yet effective and compelling style.
He was born in New York, USA of Jewish parents,
and learned violin and flute at the age of 15. He was
inspired by a renowned Indian satirist Ravi Shankar, and
assisted the recording soundtrack for Conrad Rooks film
Chappaqua. He produced and formed ensemble works such as Music in Similar
Motion (1969), Music in Changing Paris (1970). He has several achievements in the
light of music, are the following three operas:
Einstein on the Beach (1976)

 Collaborated with Robert Wilson in conceptualizing and produce
four-hour opera and instantly sold –out during the play at New
York Metropolitan Opera House
Satyagraha (1980) and Akhnaten (1984)
 Based on the lives of the prominent people in the world like
Mahatma Gandhi, Leo Tolstoy, Martin Luther King, and Egyptian
pharaoh.
In this time, he combined the overlapping style of composition blended with a
repetitive signature in the grandeur on stage. He obtained 170 compositions and
now living in Nova Scotia, Canada, and New York, USA.
5. MODERN NATIONALISM
Nationalistic composers and musical innovators were misled in the 20th
century music development combined with modern techniques with folk materials.
Prominent Russian composers like Bela Bartok and Sergei Prokofieff who were the
neoclassicist infused classical techniques crossing rhythms and shifting meters.
They made extensive use of polytonality that uses two or more tonal centers
simultaneously.
In Russia, five highly considered gifted individuals that infused chromatic
harmony, incorporated with Russian folk music, liturgical chants in their thematic
materials namely Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui,
and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov. Furthermore, Erik Satie, a French composer who gave
a colorful figure in the early 20th century, specifically avant-garde and modern
nationalism.
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Activity 1.1: I FILL IN LOVE WITH MUSIC!
Directions: Fill in the table below to complete the 20th Century Composer’s Timeline.
Name of Composer Year Noted Accomplishment

Claude Debussy His creative style was characterized by
his unique approach to the various
musical elements.
1875 – 1937 The harmonic progressions and
modulations of his works are musically
satisfying, pleasantly dissonant, and
elegantly sophisticated.
Arnold Schoenberg 1874 - 1951
Igor Stravinsky His works featured shifting rhythms and
polytonality, also has a new level of
dissonance was reached a sense of
tonality was abandoned.
1881 – 1945 He utilized changing meters and strong
syncopations in his compositions and
have rich melodies and lively rhythms
Sergei Prokofieff 1891 – 1953
1899 – 1963 His compositions had a cooly elegant

modernity, tempered by a classical sense
of proportion.
George Gershwin He is a cross-over artist because his
serious compositions remain highly
popular in the classical repertoire.
Leonard Bernstein 1918 – 1990
Philip Glass He explored the territories of ballet, opera,
theater, film and television jingles.
Activity 1.2: MATCH ME!
11
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the blank provided before each number.
A B
___ 1. Claire de Lune A. Claude Debussy

___ 2. Tonight from Westside Story B. Igor Stravinsky
___ 3. Verklarte Nacht C. Leonard Bernstein
___ 4. AN American in Paris D. Sergei Prokofieff
___ 5. The Rite of Spring E. George Gershwin
___ 6. Allegro F. Bela Bartok
___ 7. Romeo and Juliet
G. Arnold Schoenberg
___8. Petrouchka
H. Joseph Maurice Ravel
___9. La Mer
I. Francis Poulenc
___10. Mirroirs (mirrors)
J. Philip Glass
Activity 1.3: CONCEPT MAP!

Directions: Fill in the boxes below to complete the concept map. Write the musical
compositions made by the given composer.
1. Igor Stravinsky is a composer of Neoclassicism who is known for his unique

style.
2. The captivating sounds of the environment are revealed by Impressionistic
music.
3. One of the creative composers who used folk music in his compositions is Bela
Bartok.
4. Claude Debussy is known for his unique style as an impressionistic composer.
5. Arnold Schoenberg is one of the most favorite expressionistic composers in his
time.
12
6. Leonard Bernstein is one of the Avant Garde from the United States who was
renowned for his stage musical and his music lectures for young people.
7. George Gershwin is a true “crossover artist”, and he was considered as the
“Father of American jazz” in the sense that his serious compositions remain
highly popular in the classical repertoire.
Directions: Fill in the missing blanks to complete the sentence.

The music of the 20th century unlocks the difficulty and opens the doors of
making composition of several composers.
1. The music of the 20th century comprises musical movement with distinctive styles.
These are the _____________, _______________, __________, _____________,
and _______________.
2. Most of the impressionist works concentrate on nature and its
,______________,________________,________________.
3. Joseph Maurice Ravel has several works which deal with water in its flowing or
stormy ___________ as well as human______________.
4. These two major proponents of Impressionism namely_____________________
and ______________________work sound quite similar in terms of their harmonic
and textual characteristics.
5. Romeo and Juliet (ballet) and War and Peace (opera) are the works of
____________.
6. Francis Poulenc was one of the members of the Les Six group, among the others
are_______________and _____________.
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following music characterize its works centered on nature and its
beauty, likeness and brilliance?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
2. Which movement of music characterizes the composer’s mind, instead of
presenting an impression of the environment?
13
3. Which musical style deals with the parameters of sound in space with an
absence of traditional rules on harmony, melody, and rhythm?
A. Impressionism C. Modern nationalism
B. Expressionism D. Avant-grade
4. Which type of musical style that has a freer seven-note diatonic scale?
A. Neoclassicism C. Avant-Garde
B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
5. Which music of the 20th century seeks to combine modern techniques
focusing on nationalist composers and innovators?
A. Neo-classicism C. Avant-Garde
B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
6. Who was the proponent of Claire de Lune and the foremost impressionist
composer?
A. Joseph Maurice Ravel C. Claude Debussy
B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet
8. Which of the following composers created a system of pitch organization
based on the chromatic pitches called twelve tone series?
A. Arnold Schoenberg C. Claude Monet
B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy
9. Who among the proponents of the Neoclassicism is considered as a great
trendsetter of the 20th century?
10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered as one
of his earliest successful pieces?
A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11) C. Gurreleider
B. Pierrot Lunaire D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)
11. Who among the following composers was born to musical parents and died
on September 26, 1945, in New York City?
12. Which of the following is NOT the work of Bela Bartok?
A. Six String Quartet C. Allegro Barbaro
B. Concerto for Orchestra D. The Rite of Spring
13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos as one of the exceptional works of
Bartok?
A. 12 B.13 C.14 D.15
14. Which of the following composers combined the Neoclassicism, modern
nationalism and Avant-Garde musical style?
14
15. Which of the following compositions of Sergei Prokofieff is intended for
children?
A. Romeo and Juliet C. Peter and Wolf
B. War and Peac D. Song of the Bagpipe
Directions: Read the statements related to movement style in music. In the spaces
provided, write T if the statement is true, and F if the statement is false.
1. ______ Twentieth century music has adopted the sounds of the modern period
which include synthesizers, electronics and computers.
2. ______ Impressionism comprises styles and ideas, especially those that are
decidedly unconventional.
3. ______ Impressionistic style in music makes use of dissonant.
4. ______ Expressionistic music is attributed to Claude Debussy.
5. ______ Modern nationalistic music is light, entertaining and independent of its
emotional content.
Lesson
Characteristic Style and
2 Movements of Music
In this lesson, you are expected to:
15
 describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century
styles.
What I Know
Directions: Look for the musical terms in the word puzzle. Encircle the terms that you
can find inside the box.
elements of music dynamic rhythm
melody texture form
duration harmony tone color
basic related terms
E L E M E N T S O F M U S I C R R R T U N
B E N G L A G I H K M L O P B H N T G F B
W G B M U L B F J Q C G M L D Y N A M I C
C V A D H Y M F J K L O N G S T B A N D A
J C F O R M T O R N I A D O O H F G U K O
G U R L S D E T C H Y D O L E M E N C A R
I M P R E U S S I A N I S M C O R O L E S
Q W E R T R U N M R H A R M O N O I U D D
D E R A J A R E S M T M E Z Z O P I A N O
C H U R L T C A S O F R A G N M J Y U L D
A B T C D I E F G N H I J K L M O N P Q R
V E X M O O N H K Y Y U O K O N M K L Q W
D E E F I N I N G T O N E C O L O R L E S
E R T B A S I C R E L A T E D T E R M S Q
A. To further recognize the instruments in the orchestra, listen to the different
orchestral genre composed by Sergei Prokofieff entitled “Peter and the Wolf
with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfM7Y9Pcdzw.
The composers of the 20th century were discussed and their cultural
background and individual achievement were shared. In the context of musical
elements and its characteristics on how composers compose a song, this module will
fully help understand and describe the distinctive elements given by the composer.
Let us discover the different characteristics employed, learn to appreciate and bear
out the best of the things that happen today.
16
The Characteristics Style of Music in the 20th Century
The musical movements from impressionism to modern nationalism contribute
various styles and distinctive compositions and arrangements behind their innovative
and experimental styles. The continuity of change in ideas, techniques, and
variations of styles from one piece of music to another had greatly influenced by the
elite composers who brought honor and fame to its nation. Diversity of musical
elements may opt to continue making great things happen in this world of music. In
order to understand the characteristics, and movements of impressionistic music, let
us listen to the work of Claude Debussy entitled “La Mer” with this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8
1. RHYTHM
It is one of the elements of music that gives structure and pulse of the music. The
following structures are the duration, tempo and meter.
2. DYNAMICS
17
Dynamics is part of the musical elements that relate to the loudness or quietness of
music. Basic terms related to dynamics are crescendo, diminuendo, and accent.
3. MELODY
It is a musical element that focuses on the horizontal or linear presentation of various
scales. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct.
4. HARMONY
It is the opposite of melody. It focuses on the verticalization of the pitch. It is thought
to be as an art of combining pitches into chords and carefully and usually
arranged into a sentence like patterns called progression. In this context, the
dissonance, and consonance are the terms being described in harmony. Other
terms that may relate to this are modality, tonality, and atonality of the music
composition.
5. TONE COLOR
It is a musical element that produces different and unique characteristics that have
obviously produced by the singer. Another term for this is timber (Tam-ber).
6. TEXTURE
This musical element refers to the number of individual musical lines and the
relationship of these lines to each other. Texture can be classified into
monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.
7. MUSICAL FORM
It is an order of melodic, harmonic and rhythmic events of a piece. It designates
musical division brought to a repetition of melodic material and or the presentation
of new yet contrasting material. Forms can be described into strophic, through-
composed, binary and ternary Form.
Activity 1.1: MUSICAL ELEMENTS CHART

Directions: Based on the cultural content of the previous lesson of different
composers, musical elements have been discussed. Recapitulate the distinctive
elements of music used by the composer.
Put a check (/) on the elements that corresponds the description of the
musical piece being discussed. Attach is the link for listening.
18
Harmony
Dynamic
Rhythm
Texture
Melody
Timbre
Form
Composers
Claude Debussy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8
Maurice Ravel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY
Arnold Schoenberg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h5Xc-rUef4
Igor Stravinsky

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvXlFKvpoOg
Sergei Prokofeiff

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coxgnE3aTs0
Bela Bartok

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRxjd2ETSo
Leonard Bernstein

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujxHq8i7fgE
Phillip Glass

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Jk6E9E1CN0
Activity 1.2: NOTEWORTHY TO REMEMBER!

Directions: Fill in the box with at least one (1) distinctive musical element and its
basic related terms used by the composer.
MUSICAL
NAME OF COMPOSER BASIC RELATED TERMS
ELEMENTS
Claude Debussy Rhythm Beat, tempo, syncopation
Joseph Maurice Ravel
Arnold Schoenberg
Igor Stravinsky
Bela Bartok
Sergei Prokofieff
Francis Poulenc
George Gershwin
Leonard Bernstein
Philip Glass
1. Maurice Ravel satisfied his works and pleasantly applying the elements of
Harmony particularly Dissonance like https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=w0JkINDaXCk
2. Arnold Schoenberg emphasized the Twelve Tones in a chromatic scale.
3. Igor Stravinsky displaced a kind of music that frequently changed into
Timber or Tone Color.
19
4. Sergei Prokofeiff technically used the dissonance harmony, and
pulsating rhythm.
5. Bela Bartok described his composition into a combination of difficult and
dissonant music.
6. Leonard Bernstein displayed an offbeat composition which made him
known for the stage play entitled American version of Romeo and Juliet.
7. Phillip Glass explored the areas of ballet, opera and theater film.
8. Modern Nationalism infused classical techniques with Rhythm and
Tempo.
9. Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev,Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui,
and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov were the Russian composers who infused
chromatic harmony incorporated with folk music.
10. Musical Elements describe the composition of the prominent composers
in the 20th century music.
Directions: Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the most
appropriate word/s or phrase/s.
1. Claude Debussy was known as “___________________________”.
2. Joseph Maurice Ravel admired the music of _________, ________
and _______________.
3. Arnold Schoenberg began to write in 1901. His contributions to
music reached up to approximately ______ compositions.
4. Igor Stravinsky was able to produce 127 works with different and distinctive
style of music like_______________and ____________.
5. Bela Bartok utilized changing ____________ and strong _____________ in
his music style.
1. Which of the following musical elements is not basically used by Claude

Debussy in his musical composition?
A. Harmony B. Form C. Rhythm D. Dynamic
2. Which among the musical forms one of the elements that described the
composition of many composers?
20
A. Strophic B. Binary C. Dissonance D. Ternary Form
3. Which type of texture produces one note sounding at a time?
A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic D. Heterophonic
4. Which of the following best define a tempo?
A. It is the speed of beat. C. It is how long a sound last.
B. It is how fast a music . D. It is how the silence stops.
5. Which of the basic terms describe the word syncopation?
C. On-the-beat accent C. Off-the-beat accent
D. On-the-air of accent D. On-the-speeding up the tempo
6. Which of the following is NOT a basic related term of Harmony?
A. Modality B. Atonality C. Tonality D. Dissonant
7. Which one of the following basic related terms of meter cannot be observed
through the standard patterns used by the conductors?
B. Andante B. Quadruple C. Triple D. Duple
8. Which of the following Italian term signifies a very quiet level of dynamics?
A. Piano B. Fortissimo C. Pianissimo D. Mezzo-piano
9. Which of the following musical element refers to the horizontal and linear
presentation of a pitch?
B. Dynamics B. Melody C. Harmony D. Form
10. Which of the following does not belong to the basic terms of harmony?
A. Modality B. Tonality C. Atonality D. Dissonant
11. Which type of texture has two or more independent melodies at the same
time?
A. Monophonic B. Polyphonic C. Homophonic D. Heterophonic
12. Which one of the basic terms in harmony defining the modern harmony that
AVOIDS any sense of a home key center?
A. Modality B. Atonality C. Tonality D. Conjunctly
13. Which of the following melodies that described as smooth, easy to sing and
play?
A. Dissonance B. Disjunct C. Consonance D. Conjunct
14. Which group of melody is a basis for an extended musical work?
A. Theme B. Tone C. Pitch D. Scale
15. Which kind of musical element produces different sound qualities depending
on the characteristic of its pattern?
A. Theme B, Tone/Timber C. Pitch D. Texture
Directions:
1. Students’ Online Activity: Listen to the select composition of the composers.
Characterize their works by simply checking the different basic terms of musical
elements that they are using.
2. Students’ Offline Activity: Refer to the textbook “HORIZONS” on Grade 10, find
the page number and study the composition. Characterize their works by simply
checking the basic terms of musical elements that they are using.
21
MUSICAL CHARACTERIZATION CHART
Texture Rhythm Tempo Harmony
Homophonic
Monophonic
Polyphonic
Quadruple
Moderate
Atonality
Modality
Tonality
Duple
Title of the Music
Triple
Slow
Fast
Claude Debussy:
Claire de Lune (Moonlight)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=lXptv3RHMTs
Horizon Book page no. 6
Joseph Maurice Ravel: “Bolero”

v=Q4wb11w0ZHQ
Horizon Book page no.8
Arnold Schoenberg
“Three Piano Pieces,
OP.11.No.1”
v=VeTFxbsVGrI
Horizon Book page no.10
Ramon Santos
Daragang Magayon
v=5haN3qsF-V4
Jose Maceda
Udlot-Udlot
v=V3gvVrEG03U
Lucresia Kasilag
v=iaPlyJDdlqU
22
This lesson will help you explain the performance practices of the 20th
century music, from its setting, composition, the role of composers/performers and
audiences.
In this lesson, you are expected to explain the performance practice (setting,
composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music.
Directions: Below is the arrangement of the instruments in an orchestra. Classify

the instruments according to their types as to Chordophone,
Membranophone, Aerophone, and Idiophone copy the table on your
notebook.
Chordophone Aerophone Membranophone Idiophone

In your previous lesson, you have learned and explored the transitory period
of music in the 20th century. To fully understand and appreciate music as a whole,
you will experience and explore the performance practices of the 20th century music
1
through its setting, composition, the role of composers/performers, and audiences.
Unquestionably, electronics is the major new influence on 20th-century music
performance. Even further the potential audience for concert, artists, broadcasting,
and recording were widened, and at the same time, they tended to decrease the
physical necessity for large new public performance arenas.
23
Musical Elements Used in Stages
A Composition is a highly disciplined art that requires mastery over often very
sophisticated materials and a creative impulse which origins and mental processes
remain a mystery. In the 20 th century, there are elements of music and musical styles
observed, and these are the elements that tend to be basic but were enhanced by
the composers of different movements carried out to the height of their knowledge,
talent, and skills.
These elements are evident from the different stages of movements of music
in the 20th century.
Activity 1: WHAT’S IN ME!!!!

Directions: Complete the table below by answering the improvised elements or irregularities
observed in each stage of musical movements.
Improvised Elements of Music or

Stages
Irregularities Observed
Post- Romanticism
Electronic Music
Jazz
Serialism
Expressionism
24
Indeterminacy a.k.a Aleatoric Music
Impressionism
Neo-Classicism
Minimalism
Neo-Romanticism
There are stages of musical movements. These stages have distinct

characteristics and they contain the improved musical elements that were used in
the performances of the 20th century music. This became the performance practices
of all musical genres that were observed in this generation.
Composers and performers have a big role in defining these musical elements
into their compositions and performances. From basic elements, they made them
into more complex but more refining that is good to hear. These elements are
evident in the following stages of music the movement:
POST- ROMANTICISM was characterized by chromatic harmonies,

programmatic elements, expansive melodies, and lush orchestration.
ELECTRONIC MUSIC stepped in the later part of the 20th century and was
created wholly or in part through electronic means or recording devices such as tape
recorders, synthesizers, and/ or computers.
A musical style was developed initially by African Americans in Chicago and
New York by emphasizing syncopation and inflected melodies called jazz.
The Second Viennese School also developed serialism (sometimes used as
a synonym for dodecaphonic) which consists of any number of musical constraints
that are organized using specific order through manipulation.
INDETERMINACY, also known as Aleatoric Music is a style that evolved in
the mid-20th century which relied on randomness and chance.
Parallel harmonies and the use of a non-traditional scale were also observed
in French-style compositions in impressionism that occurs in the late 19 th and early
20th century. Also, a German-style is marked by angular melodies, extreme
dissonance, irregular rhythmic groupings developed in early 20th called
expressionism.
MINIMALISM in music was characterized by the endless repetition of short

melodic patterns, complex cross-rhythms, and the tonal/ modal principles. In the late
20th century, neo-romanticism musical style was developed that returned the tonal
principles characterized by heightened emotion.
25
Directions: Write the improvisation used in each element of the musical style during
the 20th century.
Activity 1: My Way of Improvisation!
BASIC ELEMENTS IMPROVISATION

1. Melody Expansive Melody
2. Harmony
3. Rhythm
4. Syncopation
5. Dynamics
6. Tone color
Activity 2. WORD GAME: REMEMBER ME IN 3!

Directions: Unscramble the letters to form a word or words related to the music performance
of the 20th century. Write the word/ words on the space provided.
1. RELACITOA
2. SOMPISMESRIIN
3. CRELONRITE
4. STOPMICRANTOMIS
5. ZAJZ
26
6. SALMIINIMM
7. ONECRITMOSANMI
8. MILISEARS
9. OPEMXRISNSESI
10. ENOLIIMSAMSCC
A. Describe each term above (using 3 keywords), in the same order, on the space
provided below.
1. _________________,__________________,___________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________________
7. _______________________________________________________
8. _______________________________________________________
9. _______________________________________________________
10. _______________________________________________________
Directions: Below is the basic arrangement of musical instruments in an

orchestra. With this as a guide, create your own arrangement by illustrating the
musical instruments. Draw your arrangement on a clean sheet of paper.
27
Note: Use another sheet for your illustration.
Activity 1
Directions: Answer and explain the following:
1. Based on the guide shown above, how does the conductor arrange the
musical instruments in an orchestra? (5pts)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. Do you think all the instruments in an orchestra drawn above are essential for
a successful performance practice of music in the 20 th century? Why or why
not? (5pts)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. On the illustration you’ve drawn on the previous activity, how did you come up
with the arrangement of the musical instruments in an orchestra? Are you
familiar with all the instruments necessary for an orchestra? (5pts)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Activity 2
28
Directions: Listen perceptively to the evolution of electronic music that evolved from
the 20th century up to the present. Please watch the link on YouTube and
answer the questions that follow.
https://youtu.be/uKRA68POo
1. What are the developments you can hear on electronic compositions through
time?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2.
What are the unique characteristics of electronic music which are not present
in Original Pilipino Music (OPM)?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. Give at least five (5) different moods that you have felt while listening to the
electronic music.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
This lesson will help you explain the performance practices of the 20th
century music, from its setting, composition, role of composers/performers and
audiences. You will also be learning about the different musical form that is currently
used in music today.
29
In this lesson, you are expected to e xplain the performance practice
(setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) of 20th century music.
IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Give what is asked. Write your answers on your activity notebook.
1. The direct opposite of strophic form is ____________________.
2. The basic elements of form are repetition, variation, and____________.
3. When a melodic idea is used as a building block in the construction of a larger
work, the phenomenon is called_____________.
4. A short, repeated musical pattern used as a structural device is known as
a/an _____________.
5. The musical structure of ABCBA is __________________.
6. Music that is made up spontaneously in performance is called
____________________.
7. One of the basic structures in music is __________, which begins with a
statement and ends with a departure, without a return to the opening section.
8. Which form features a statement of an idea, a contrasting idea, and then the
return of the first idea (A-B-A)? __________________.
9. In through-composed songs, music from previous stanzas is________.
10. Which of the following is the most common form in vocal music? _____.
11. A large-scale work, like a symphony, is often broken up into smaller sections
called ___________.
12. The structure of through-composed songs is ___________________.
13. The structure of ternary musical form is ________________________.
14. The musical form that has a structure of ABACA is________________.
15. The musical form that has a structure of AB is __________________.
30
In your previous grade lessons, you have learned about the different music
from the Baroque Period, Medieval Period, Romantic Period, Classical Period, and
20th Century. These periods taught us how music was and today.
Meanwhile, in the previous lesson, you have learned about the stages of
movements of music from Post-Romanticism to Neo-Romanticism and the
improvisations of the basic elements in each stage. To fully understand and
appreciate music as a whole, this lesson will let you experience and explore the
Musical forms used by all musicians to create music and how do the performers
perform the created piece.
As a musician, it is important to understand the musical form of a piece.

Whether you’re a pianist or just curious about music, understanding the musical form
helps in the understanding of the structure of a piece. It also speeds up the learning
process.
These are the most common musical forms:

 Strophic (AAA)
 Through-Composed (ABCDE.)
 Binary (AB)
 Ternary (ABA)
 Rondo (ABACA) or (ABACABA)
 Arch (ABCBA)
 Sonata (Exposition, Development, Recapitulation)
 Theme And Variations
It’s important to understand how musical form works because it’s the basic
structure of an entire work.
MUSICAL FORMS
STROPHIC FORM
The strophic form is one of the most common musical forms. It’s also called
a song form or verse form. Because of its repetitiveness typically featuring an AAA
structure. It is the most basic of all the forms in music.
An example of the strophic form in a folk song would be “Leron Leron Sinta”.
A church hymn such as “Amazing Grace” or even a simple nursery tune like “Mary
Had A Little Lamb”.
31
THROUGH-COMPOSED FORM
A composition that is entirely continuous is called “Through-composed

form”. It is any large-scale thematic material that is not repeated, and each section
sounds like something completely different. Typically, it is featuring the ABCD
structure.
It’s non-sectional and everything operates independently of one another.

This is a lot different compared to strophic form because nothing is repeated. In song
form, through-composed music gives each verse its own unique melody.
In general, through-composed music is really interesting to listen to. None of

the music is repeated, so you will only hear something happen once. Most through-
composed pieces are quite short, although it is common to hear it being used in
some opera works. An example of through-composed music in popular music would
be the Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen.
BINARY FORM
The binary form is music with an A and B section. While the material is
different in each section, it is closely related. Recognizing a piece of music in binary
form requires you to identify where the contrasting material is. Things to look for
include changes in rhythm, key signatures, cadences, and other harmonic
adjustments.
There are two different versions of binary form. This includes:

 Simple Binary
 Rounded Binary
In simple binary form, the A material is followed by B material that has

moved to the subdominant. So, for example, a piece that starts in C major will
conclude in G major.
In rounded binary form, the rules mostly remain the same. The difference is
that there is more material added to the B section. This material is pulled from part of
the A section. Unlike a ternary form, it’s not a completely new section.
TERNARY FORM
The ternary form is defined as ABA structure which means the piece starts
with the main theme, goes to contrasting material, and then returns with that exact
main theme material to end it.
It looks a lot like rounded binary form, however, the key difference is that the
last section operates independently of the B section. Rather than having partial A
material, the last section is an entire recapitulation of the main theme. Sometimes
the recapitulation can be slightly varied either through rhythm or tempo.
32
The three sections of ternary form sound appear and sound like complete
compositions in themselves. Each of those sections concludes on a perfect authentic
cadence, which provides the most closure.
The mood is also an important characteristic of a ternary form. The first
section might be quick and lively while the B section is quiet and less intense.
Composers who use this form put a great deal of effort ensuring that the B section
has a well-defined character that allows each section to sound like their own
separate compositions.
Piano sonatas widely use different types of ternary form, especially works by
Haydn, Handel, Beethoven, and Scarlatti. It can also be traced back as far as Middle
Age music such as the ancient Gregorian chants.
RONDO FORM
The rondo form is an ABACA or ABACABA structure. The most common

forms are the 5-part and 7-part Rondo. What you will notice about rondo form is that
each section returns to the A section. However, as the sections progress, new
material is added in between each A section. It can also be viewed as an extension
of either ternary form or binary form. The additional sections help define it from other
forms, especially through-composed which only introduced new material.
Sometimes, rondo form can be much broader and be ABACABA or the first
B section of a piece in rondo form is usually in the dominant or relative major key.
The second B section can trail off to whatever key it needs to. It’s easy to tell if a
piece is in Rondo form if you continue to hear material from the A section returning.
Examples of pieces that use rondo form include:

 Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony
 Mozart’s Eine Kleine Natch Musik
 Bach’s E major Violin Concerto
 Beethoven’s Piano Sonata Op. 13 (final movement)
ARCH FORM
The arch form is an ABCBA structure. It is called “Arch” because the
structure of the music moves in this form. There is always a new material in each of
the first three sections. Once it reaches the C section, the music simply moves in
reverse order. It goes back through the B material and concluding with the main A
theme.
While those sections playback in the reverse order, they can be varied. They
can have changes to rhythm and style as long as the thematic material is the same.
This musical form is entirely symmetric. While arch form is not as common
as ternary or binary, there are some popular instances of this happening in music.
The famous composer who was noted to use “rondo” is Bela Bartok. He
used it widely in his string quartet music, most notably the fourth and fifth. It is also
33
present in his second piano concerto. Samuel Barber also used arch form in his
Adagio for strings. Arch form is essentially a rondo form, but symmetrical.
SONATA FORM
The sonata form is a musical composition that is organized in three distinct
sections. It consists of exposition, development, and recapitulation.
In the exposition, we are presented with two subjects, basically binary form.
The first subject is in the tonic key while the second moves to the sub dominant. If it
is a minor key sonata, then it will work from within the minor key moving to the
relative major.
Usually, the development section is thicker in musical texture and full in
unstable harmonic structure. Instead of just settling in one key, this section will
sometimes travel through multiple modulations. The development section features a
completely new theme.
The recapitulation is a clear restatement of the exposition and rolls in
effortlessly out of the development section. It is often varied. Usually, it returns with a
different dynamic than it is the first appearance in the exposition. This helps set a
new mood.
THEME AND VARIATIONS
The main theme is developed throughout subsequent sections in this
musical form. In the first section, the main theme is first introduced. After that section
comes to a close, and the first variation is introduced.
This variation along with the rest will follow the same harmonic
progressions. In each new variation, there can be changes to the rhythm,
articulations, and style of the piece. In some instances, the key signature can also
change, however, it will still follow the relative harmonic structure in the new key.
Countermelodies are also quite common and continue to add on and
change in each variation. There are also changes to the meter, dynamics, mood, and
even the instrumentation. Other piano compositions such as Brahms Variations on a
Theme by Robert Schumann, Beethoven’s 32 variations in C minor and the Twinkle
Twinkle Little Star variations by Mozart are also great examples.
Activity 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the sentence. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. Which of the following denotes the number of the main sections in a binary form?
A. One B. Three C. Two D. Seventeen
2. Which of the following terms describe a binary form showing a clear cadence in
the tonic and melodic key?
34
A. Rounded Sectional C. Rounded Continuous
B. Simple Section D. Simple Continuous
3. Which of these types of pieces constitutes a ternary form?
A. Both of these C. Da Capo Aria
B. Minuet and Trio D. Neither of these
4. Which of the following is the special section included to bring the music back to
the original material?
A. Retransition B. Transition C. Transitory D. Retaliation
5. Which of the following sections is not commonly held to be a key component of a
movement in a sonata form?
A. Exposition B. coda C. recapitulation D. development
6. Which movement in symphony would most likely be written in a sonata form?
A. The second B. The first C. The fourth D. The third
7. Which of the following composers composed a famous set of 32 variations in C
minor for piano based upon a theme?
A. Bach B. Beethoven C. Vivaldi D. Purcell
8. In which of the following ways would a five-part rondo be realized?
A. ABACA B. ABCDA C. ABABA D. ABCBA
9. The seven-part rondo is often molded into what is called sonata rondo. Which of
the following conditions generally hold(s) true for sonata rondos?
A. The C episode is highly developmental in nature
B. The second B section returns in the tonic key
C. Both of these
D. Neither of these
10. Which of the following artist usually using a through-composed form?
A. Queen B. Platters C. Carpenters D. Chicago
The purpose of form in music is to create a sense of unity among the

elements of a song and make it memorable to the listeners. It is highly common in
songs that need to be sung, marched, waltzed/danced and symphonic works.
However, it is also used to convey a certain idea or emotion such as a movie
score or a symphonic poem.
The form can be loose or very structured and it really helps to unify a piece
and create a sense of the piece being the same, unlike a through-composed piece
35
which might start at point A and go to point B and never return to point A because it
tells a story for instance (although that is technically an example of form too).
The form can be as rigid as Rondo (ABACA) or Sonata (Exposition -
Development - Recapitulation) or it can be as fluid as a rhapsody which starts at
point A, moves to point B then C then back to A to finish.
The form can be minimalism and the phasing of different parts like in Steve
Reich's, Clapping Music or it can be based on the 12-tone system where you cannot
repeat a note until all notes in the form are played.
Directions: Answer the following questions. Choose your answers on the box
below and write it on the space provided.
1. What is another name for "part B"? ___________
2. Which musical form consists of a verse, chorus, and a verse? _______
3. What is another name for a verse? ___________
4. Which form starts with the verse, goes to the chorus, and comes back to the
verse? ___________
5. Which of these is a rondo form? ___________
6. What is the term for organizing music into sections? __________
7. Which song has two sections which are the same? _____________
8. What is another name for the A and B sections of a song? __________
9. What is the A section of a piece of music called? _________________
10. What is another name for chorus? ________________
ABA form Chorus Form Verse and Chorus

Verse Part B ABACA Part A AA ABA
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and understancd. Write answer on your activity notebook.
1. Which of the following is the second section of the sonata form?
A. Development C. Recapitulation
B. Exposition D. Coda
2. Which is the only form to originate during the classical era?
36
A. Sonata form C. Rondo form
B. Theme and variations D. Minuet and trio form
3. Which of the following describes this form?
121 343 121 coda
A. Ternary B. Binary C. Minuet and trio D. Arch
4. Which of the following form is in a constant triple meter?
A. Rondo form C. Sonata form
5. Which of the following is the third section of the sonata form?
6. Which of the following describes this form?
A A1 A2 A3 A4
A. Ternary B. Binary C. Theme and Variations D. Arch form
7. Which of the following form has this description?
“A simple theme is continually altered”
A. Rondo form C. Sonata form
8. Which of the following is the first section of the sonata form?
9. Which of the following is a second minuet paired with a first?
a. Quartet B. Duet C. Minuet D. Trio
10. Which of the following form denotes this description?
A B A C A D A
A. Ternary B. Rondo C. Binary D. Arch
11. Which of the following is the optional last section of the sonata form?
A. Development B. Exposition C. Recapitulation D. Coda
12. Which of the following is the standard first movement form in the classical
era instrumental compositions?
A. Sonata form C. Rondo form
13. Which of the following is the optional first section of the sonata form?
A. Development B. Exposition C. Coda D. Introduction
14. Which form is one of the oldest in music?
A. Rondo B. Sonata C. Binary D. Ternary
15. Which of the following form is this?
Exposition – Development – Recapitulation
A. Rondo B. Sonata C. Binary D. Ternary
37
SONG LABELLING
1. Write the full lyrics of the song you like.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Label the song as to what Musical Structure/Form it used.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Label each part as Part A, B, C, or D depending on what structure of song

does it fall.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
38
In this lesson, you are expected to relate 20th century music to other art forms and
media during the same period.
IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify the characteristics of the following concepts/statements and

proponents by answering Impressionism or Expressionism. Write IMP if
it is impressionism and EXP for expressionism.
1. Excessive use of timbres( tone color or tone quality) _______

2. Arnold Schoenberg _______
3. It evokes moods and ideas for which the artist seeks to express
_______
meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality.
4. It creates an emotional mood rather than a specific picture. _______
5. Pierrot Lunaire _______
6. Claude Debussy _______
7. A style of music that makes use of sound to let the listener feel the
_______
moods that focus on the structure of music
8. Twelve- tone system _______
9. It conveys true emotion in exaggeration through the application of
_______
atonality and dissonance
10. Joseph Maurice Ravel _______
In your previous lessons, you learned about the different musical styles, music
performance practices, and explore arts and media in the music of the 20th century.
Modern technological advances (especially mass media) have caused rapid changes
in musical style, and expanded our knowledge of music from other cultures, further
accelerating changes in musical taste while providing a wider range of music to
listeners, composers, and performers.
39
The early part of the 20th century brought together an extraordinary group of
talented artists, writers and musicians, whose impact would continue to be felt
throughout the century as well as into our time.
Just like colors, sounds also evoke emotions, fleeting feelings, or illustrate an
atmosphere. They can also relate and tell stories behind the music. In their
respective fields, Paul Cézanne and Claude Debussy influenced the artists of the
early 20th century, which found their contributions in intellectual circles formed
around writers and poets.
In this lesson, you will try to relate the music and arts of the 20th century and
see how these two aspects are connected through movement styles.
MUSIC AND ARTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

IMPRESSIONISM
The first modern style to emerge was impressionism developed by French
composer Claude Debussy as a rejection of excessive Wagnerian German
Romanticism in the late 1890s. Modeled after the impressionistic art movement,
40
musical impressionism is based on understatement, blurred effects, and the
creative use of color.
Impressionism is an artistic movement that has brought about a change in the
creation and perception of art and music. Impressionist art focuses on the use of
light and color to create different visual impressions on their paintings.
Impressionist music is greatly influenced by impressionist paintings where the
real picture of the subject matter is not given much emphasis. Impressionism gives
artists the freedom to fully expose their creativity.
EXPRESSIONISM
Austrian- German composes developed expressionism around the turn of the
1900s, as a blatant expansion of Wagnerian Romanticism. Expressionism is
particularly associated with three composers working in Vienna in the early 20 th
century: Arnold Schoenberg and his two students, Anton Von Webern and Alban
Berg. These three are collectively known as the 2 nd Viennese School of composers.
The music of the 2nd Viennese School was designed to shock listeners, with
dissonant, intensely colorful, often horrific music based on graphically morbid text or
ideas.
The term expressionism was originally borrowed from visual art and literature.
Artists created vivid pictures, distorting colors, and shapes to make unrealistic
images that suggested strong emotions.
Expressionist composers poured intense emotional expression into their
music and explored the subconscious mind. Expressionist music often features a
high level of dissonance, extreme contrasts of dynamics, constantly changing
textures, distorted melodies and harmonies, angular melodies with wide leaps and
extremes of pitch.
Activity 1. Musical and Art Interpretation

Directions: Below are examples of the impressionist works in the 20 th century. Study
the painting carefully while listening to the composition and answer the questions
that follow.
Sunrise by Claude Monet
41
Engulfed Cathedral by Claude Debussy
(or listen at https://youtu.be/JAVyKDDsM3s)
By looking at the painting and listening to the music, what is your impression/
insights about 20th century art and music? Write at least 5 adjectives that explain
how you feel while listening and looking at the picture of Monet and Debussy. (5pts)
1. What do you think both artists trying to convey on their painting and music?
C. Monet: Sunrise (3pts)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
C. Debussy: Engulfed Cathedral (3pts)

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
42
Activity 1.2: Concept Map
Direction: Using this concept map, write all the things that you know about
impressionism and expressionism. (15pts)
Music and Impressionism
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
IMPRESSIONISM
Art and Impressionism
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
Music and Expressionism
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
EXPRESSIONISM
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Art and Expressionism
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
Activity 1.3: Look at Me!

Directions: Below is an Impressionistic masterpiece made by our own Filipino artist
Juan Luna. Study the painting carefully and follow the instruction given below.
 With the masterpiece as a guide, you are going to create a story/ poem based
on your interpretation of the painting.(15pts)
Mi Hijo Andres, 1889
FILL IN THE BLANKS

Directions: Fill in the missing words in the paragraph below.
1. It was usually characterized by the use of dissonance, extreme contrast of dynamics,
and distorted melodies. 1) ______________.
2. The three musicians of the Second Viennese School in 20 th
century are_____________, ______________and ____________.
3. _______________ devised a system of pitch organization based on the
chromatic pitches that he called a twelve- tone series.
44
4. A style of music that conveys true emotions in exaggeration through the
application of atonality and dissonance is called ____________.5.
5. Modeled after the ____________ art movement, this musical style is based on
understatement, blurred effects, and the creative use of color.
6. The proponent that frequently use of parallel chords was _______________.
7. A musical style that signifies the artist character and inner insight enforced on
the graphical reality of the objects represented is called _______________.
8. __________________ is a modern style of art and music that was developed as
a rejection of excessive Wagnerian German Romanticism.
9. This music is greatly influenced by impressionist paintings where the real picture
of the subject matter is not given much emphasis is called _______________.
10. A style in music and art that suggested strong emotions is called
________________.
MY BEAUTIFUL PLACE!
Directions: Take a picture of your favorite scene, capture an area in your
community that depicts in the movement style. Send it or post it on your Facebook
account. Answer the questions provided on your activity notebook.
Think of a song you knew that represents the picture above. Write your lyrics
of the song. (5pts) ______________ (Title)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.
1. Which style in music and art suggested strong emotions?
B. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
C. Expressionism D. Minimalism
2. Which style of music is characterized by the composer’ mind, instead of
presenting an impression of the environment?
45
3. Who among the following musicians comprise the Second Viennese School?
A. Haydn, Beethoven, Bach C. Bach, Beethoven, Brahms
B. Anton, Von, Arnold D. Arnold, Anton, Alban
4. Who was the composer that wrote an impressionistic composition entitled
Bolero?
A. Anton Von Webern C. Claude Debussy
B. Maurice Ravel D. Alban Berg
5. Which modern style of art and music was developed as a rejection of excessive
Wagnerian German Romanticism?
A. Neoclassicism C. Impressionism
B. Primitivism D. Expressionism
6. Who was the foremost impressionist composer?
A. Joseph Maurice Ravel Claude Debussy
B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet
7. Which style of music conveys true emotions in exaggeration through the
application of atonality and dissonance?
8. Who was the composer that devised a system of pitch organization based on the
chromatic pitches which he called “a twelve tone series”?
A. Arnold Schoenberg Claude Monet
B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy
9. Who was the proponent of expressionism known for his radical sound of music?
10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered one of his
earliest successful pieces?
A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11)
B. Pierrot Lunaire
C. Gurreleider
D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)
11. Which movement style in music does dissonance, extreme contrast of dynamics
and distorted melodies commonly use?
A. Primitivism C. Minimalism
B. Expressionism D. Impressionism
12. What is the term used for the artist that collectively worked on the expressionism
of music in the 20th century?
A. Second Viennese School C. Masters of Music
B. The Conductors D. The Expressionist
46
13. Which of the following styles signifies the artist’s character and inner insight
enforced on the graphical reality of the objects represented?
14. Which of the following proponent frequently use parallel chords?
A. Claude Debussy C. Igor Stravinsky
B. Bela Bartok D. Arnold Schoenberg
15. Which of the following musical style is based on understatement, blurred effects,
and the creative use of color modelled after an art movement?
IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify the song whether it’s IMPRESSIONISM or EXPRESSIONI SM
MUSIC
“ Sa Ugoy ng Duyan” by Lucio San Pedro A.
“ Mutya ng Pasig” by Nicanor Abelardo B.
Matindal” by A. Molina C.
“ Hatinggabi” by Antonio Molina D.
Malikmata” by Antonio Molina E.
Directions: Identify the paintings whether it’s IMPRESSIONISM or
EXPRESSIONISM
47
In this lesson, you will experience and explore music as well as to appreciate the
essence of knowing the arts and media, portrayed in the 20th century.
48
In this lesson, you are expected to relate 20th century music to other art forms and
media during the same time period.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the best
answer.
1. Which of the following music best describe the kind of compositions by
formal song divisions such as recitatives or arias?
A. Choral music C. Piano music
B. Dramatic music D. Instrumental music
2. Which element of music will give you the pattern of regular or irregular
pulses caused by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic
beats?
3. Which of the following element in music shows the difference in the
strength, tone, or pitch of one’s voice?
A. Harmony B. Variation C. Modulation D. Recapetulation
4. Which is the five – movement work composed by Bela Bartok that features
the exceptional talents of its various soloists in an intricately constructed
piece?
A. Six string quartets C. Mikrokosmos
B. The rake’s progress D. Concerto for orchestra
5. Which musical style denotes simplicity and expresses the philosophy of
life through art and literature?
A. Neo- classicism C. Primitivism
B. Avant-garde D. Modern nationalism
6. Which of the following musical style of Gershwin refers to the activity
where the songs of the characters are interwoven into narrative
accompanied by dancing?
A. Film musicals C. Musical theater
B. Orchestral music D. Chamber music
7. Who among the composers believe that the universal language of music is
basically rooted in tonality?
A. George Gershwin C. Louis Durey
B. Arthur Honegger D. Leonard Bertstein
8. Which of the following terms in harmony uses two diferrent keys at the
same time?
49
A. Polytonality C. Monotonality
B. Bitonality D. Hexagonality
9. Which musical style is designed to create subtle moods and impressions
usually appearances of objects in order to simulate actual reflected light?
10. Which theory or practice in art seeks to depict the particular emotions and
responses that objects and events arouse in the artist?
11. Who among the composer combines signature repetitive and overlapping
style with theatrical grandeur on stage?
A. Phillip Glass C. Leonard Bernstein
B. George Gershwin D. Georges Auric
12. Which element in composition did composers sought to return to aesthetic
precepts associated with the broadly defined concept?
13. Which of the following is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to
make new things or think of new ideas?
A. Creative C. Advance
B. Possessive D. Timid
14. Which of the following terms should you use for performance that is
invented by the performers in making something that you have not
planned?
15. Which type of musical composition is a product of imagination and
discovery originated after study and experiment?
A. Invention B. Innovation C. Creation D. Discovery
The musical styles created by the 20th century classical composers were
truly unique and innovative. They experimented with the elements of rhythm, melody,
harmony, tempo, and timbre in daring ways never attempted before. Twentieth –
century music has adopted the sounds of the modern period. Their skills in making
innovation were clearly noticed and their style is really impressive.
Directions: Classify the following names/terms as to which group they belong and write your
answer in the corresponding category.
50
BREATHY, LEONARD BERNSTEIN , SERGEI PROKOFIEFF , SMOOTH
CLAUDE DEBUSSY , MAURICE RAVEL , HUSKY BELA BARTOK ,
GEORGE GERSHWIN , PHILIP GLASS , ROUGH , IGOR STRAVINSKY ,
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG
Impressionis Primitivism Neo Avant- Expressionism Timbre

m Classicism garde
The music in the 20th century is more interesting and compelling if you listen
to how the technique and the execution are being done by different composers of the
time. The perfectionist attitude done by the composer in the musical craftsmanship
developed a more distinct style that brings each form more vibrant music. However
in the era of technology, we are using different arts and media forms. Identify the
following gadgets that help in creating and making compositions.
The usefulness of the technological devices in composing songs are the following:
1. KARAOKE PLAYER – It is used as a source of entertainment for the people
who wants to sing a song. It is also a tool to be used to improve their voices.
Some people use this machine as the resource for team building exercises.
Sometimes, the teachers use this as an educational tool.
2. CASSETTE TAPE RECORDER – For the time being and because of the
progress in the technology, this machine has a great part in the development
of one’s talent and skills in singing and composition.
51
3. DESKTOP – This system is commonly used to organize and introduce a
greater way of storing data and developing your skill in editing. By this
material, you can enhance an image and voice in terms of editing. It gives you
ample time to create a new one.
4. CELLPHONE – this is a portable telephone that you can carry anywhere you
want to go and it is easy for you to use at your convenience. This device can
also be used as a recording tool or for capturing videos of your performances.
Editing can also be done through mobile phones as it has the capacity to
make some of the applications in editing.
5. AVANT-GARDE closely associated with electronic music in the sense that the
movement dealt with the restrictions or the scopes of sound in space. Its style
exhibited a new attitude toward musical mobility, whereby the order of note
groups could be varied so that musical continuity could be altered.
Improvisation is necessary for this style, the unconventional methods of sound
and form, as well as the absence of traditional rules governing harmony,
melody, and rhythm, make the whole concept. The link is given for you to
listen and hear how the music being perform.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTUXhLeLojA
6. IMPRESSIONISM is having this notion that they need to create new forms
with emotional mood rather than specific picture, it is an attempt also to
suggest reality. The sentemental melodies, and , dramatic emotions that
captivate the attention of the listeners clearly recognize and enjoy.
7. EXPRESSIONISM music goes hand in hand with painting in that, both tend to
ignore or cover up rational structure relationships. Musical scores filled with
strange colors, distorted lines of sound, overlaid rhythms, and bursts of
unmusicality. Using polyrhythms, polytonal harmony, and original instrumental
combinations, it seemed rebelliously unconcerned to tradition and legacy.
8. NEOCLASSICISM during the last part of the 19 th century, the forms, genres,
and styles of music of the 18 th and 19th centuries were combined and given a
new explanation. Some of the improvements which took place were the
change of melody, abandonment of subjectivity, the conquest of serenity, and
collection of triads and diatonic, which became the favorite. The kind of music
during this period is light, entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional
content. It recognizes the fusion of the traditional way of modern music.
52
Directions: Complete the table with the name of a composer and it’s examples of
musical works.
Activity 1.2: Fill in the blank:

Directions: Supply the missing word to complete the sentence.
1. The use of two diferrent keys at the same time is called ___________________ .
2. _________________ is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to make
new things or think of new ideas.
3. The theory or practice in art of seeking to depict the particular emotions and
responses is called __________________ that objects and events arouse in the
artist.
4. Prokofieff was highly successful in his ________ music, as evidenced by the
wide acceptance of his concerti and sonatas.
5. Arnold Schoenberg was credited with the development of the _______________
6. A style of musical composition designed to create subtle moods and impressions
describing the usual appearances of objects by means of dabs or strokes of
primary unmixed colors in order to simulate actual reflected light is
called.______________________
Activity: Free style!

Directions: Read the instructions given below for your guide.
a. Make a jingle using the names of the 20 th century composers or select a
style of the composer that you like to imitate.
b. Creating a music video
c. Rubrics will be given as your guide to make a video or live performance.
53
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Choose the best answer of your choice. Write the letter of your choice in
a separate paper.
1. Which of the following music that best describe the kind of compositions by
formal song divisions such as recitatives or arias?
A. Choral music B. Dramatic music C. Piano music D. Instrumental music
2. Which element of music will give you the pattern of regular or irregular pulses
caused by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats?
3. Which of the following variation refers to the strength, tone, or pitch of one’s
voice?
A. Harmony B. Variation C. Modulatio D. Recapetulation
4. Which is the five – movement work composed by Bela Bartok that features the
exceptional talents of its various soloists in an intricately constructed piece?
A. Six string quartets C. Mikrokosmos
B. The rake’s progress D. Concerto for orchestra
5. Which musical style denotes simplicity and expresses the philosophy of life
through art and literature?
A. Neo- classicism C. Primitivism
B. Avant-garde D. Modern nationalism
6. Which of the following terms in harmony that uses of two diferrent keys at the
same time?
A. Polytonality B. Bitonality C. Monotonality D. Hexagonality
7. Which musical style is designed to create subtle moods and impressions usually
appearances of objects in order to simulate actual reflected light?
8. Which theory or practice in art seeks to depict the particular emotions and
C. Modern-nationalism C. Impressionism
D. Expressionism D. Neo-classical
9. Who among the composer combines signature repetitive and overlapping style
with theatrical grandeur on stage?
C. Phillip Glass C. Leonard Bernstein
D. George Gershwin D. Georges Auric
10. Which of the following movement style in composition is referred to when
composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly
defined concept?
A. Avant-garde B. Expressionism C. Neo-classicism D. Impressionism
54
11. Which of the following is an attribute of a composers who has the ability to make
new things or think of new ideas?
12. Which of the following terms should you use for performance that is invented by
the performers in making something that you have not planned?
13. Which type of musical composition is a product of imagination and discovery
originated after study and experiment?
A. Invention B. Innovation C. Creation D. Discovery
14. Which of the following musical style of Gershwin where songs by the characters
are interwoven into narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing?
A. Film musicals C. Musical theater
B. Orchestral music D. Chamber music
15. Who among the composers believe that the universal language of music is
basically rooted in tonality?
A. George Gershwin C. Louis Durey
B. Arthur Honegger D. Leonard Bernstein
Activity : Performance activity: Composing a Spoken Poetry

Directions: In the Avant-Garde Music, you will make a Spoken Poetry about the
current issue on COVID 19. Record it on your smartphone and or any
electronic device for your presentation in the next lesson.
55
In this lesson, you are expected to perform music sample from the 20th century.
Activity 1.1
Directions: The following are the musical plays of the 20 th century. Group them
according to its composer. Write your answer on the space provided.
DEBUSSY SCHOENBERG STRAVINSKY RAVEL

__________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ___________
__________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ___________
__________ ____________ ___________ __________ ___________
__________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ___________
The Rake’s Progress Ariettes Oubliess Miroirs

String Quartet Claire De Lune Bolero
Pelleas Et Melisande Jexu D Eau Gurreleider
Sonatine for Piano La Valse La Mer
Pavane for A Dead Princess The Rite of Spring
Three Pieces for Piano Pierrot Lunaire
Petrouchka Verklarte Natch
The Firebird Suite Two Piano Concerti
Activity 1.2: YOU ARE A STAR IN THE MUSIC!!!

Directions: Write all the elements of music inside the star box.
56
Music of the 20th century has been discussed and deliberated. The composers
shared their cultural background and individual achievement during this period. The
musical elements and their characteristics have been explored. The elements of
performance have been explained. This module will let you fully understand and
describe how the composers influence the people in the light of music. In this part let
us evaluate, assess the music, and learn to appreciate how the art of music bears
the mind of the young in today’s generation.
Music and the Music Performance:

The innovations and experimental development of music today rise above
excellence in its technological way. The trends of the young generation may opt to
supplement with a technical and stylistic choice that the composers may tend to do
so. In this world of technology with so much experimentation and have great
possibilities that gadgets will give an impact to create music. With these distinctive
elements and style of music movement, the 20 th century gave rise to its new musical
style using gadgets and other means of a multimedia approach.
In this regard, musical performances will be also introduced to entertain the
individual with full of enthusiasm and fulfilment of this topic. In this era of multimedia,
students are much eager to learn and explore the different musical compositions that
influenced this generation.
Elements of Music
1. RHYTHM
It is one of the elements of music that gives structure and pulse of the
music. The following structures are the duration, tempo and meter.
57
2. DYNAMICS
Dynamics is part of the musical elements that relate to the loudness or
quietness of music. Basic terms related to dynamics are crescendo,
diminuendo, and accent.
3. MELODY
It is a musical element that focuses on the horizontal or linear presentation
of various scales. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct.
4. HARMONY
It is the opposite of melody. It focuses on the verticalization of the pitch. It
is thought to be as an art of combining pitches into chords and carefully and
usually arranged into sentence like patterns called progression. In this
context, the dissonance and consonance are the terms being described in
harmony. Other terms that may relate to this are modality, tonality, and
atonality of the music composition.
5. TONE COLOR
It is a musical element that produces different and unique characteristics
that have obviously produced by the singer. Another term for this is timber
(Tam-ber).
6. TEXTURE
This musical element refers to the number of individual musical lines and
the relationship of these lines to each other. Texture can be classified into
monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.
7. MUSICAL FORM
It is an order of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic events of a piece. It
designates musical division brought to a repetition of melodic material and or
the presentation of new yet contrasting material. Forms can be described into
strophic, through-composed, binary and ternary form.
Directions: After listening or watching the selected musical composition, let us know
what elements of the music being employed. Just simply check the box
on the right side. Attached is the link to the composition.
Activity 1.1: LET MAY PLAY THE MUSIC

.
58
Composition
Harmony
Dynamic
Rhythm
Texture
Color
Tone
s
La Mer (1905) https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=KUFpcPEcwTo
Miroirs (Mirrors) (1905)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY
Verklarte Natch
(Transfigured Night, 1989)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s
The Firebird Suite (1910)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOEatu5aH8
Activity 1.2: IT’S A NAME GAME!

Directions: Name the significant composers that served them as their admiration and
inspiration to continue making a composition in the history of music. You
may visit the module 1 lesson 1 to look for the significant person that
influenced the 20th century composers.
Bela Bartok Sergei Prokofieff Maurice Ravel
Ex. 1. Franz Liszt 1._______________ 1._____________
2.______________ 2._______________ 2._____________
3.______________ 3._______________ 3._____________
4._____________ 4._______________ 4._____________
Elements of music are essential parts of making compositions that

distinctively matter on harmony, rhythm, texture, dynamics, tone color, melody, and
form. In the context of musical style, innovativeness and experimentation developed
the music of today’s generation. Modern technology and gadgets have the power
and impact in making the music blended with technological devices that vary on its
expertise and style.
59
I have learned that with different perspectives in life and attitude, music
requires us on how they are going to interpret the piece. Because at the end of the
day, music is the mirror of our soul which we can meditate, contemplate and make
sense of life colorful and wonderful.
The music of the 20th century portrays the non-fiction of the people either love
story or otherwise. In this way, the creativity of the youth creating salient features in
the musical film using multimedia art form had been developed.
1. The kind of elements that gives structure and pulse of the music is called
rhythm
2. Crescendo, diminuendo, and accent are the basic related terms of
Dynamics.
3. Melodies can be described into conjunct and disjunct.
4. The dissonance and consonance are the terms being described in
harmony.
5. Tone color is another term for timber
6. Texture can be classified into monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic.
7. Musical forms can be described into strophic, through-composed, binary
and ternary Form.
8. The elements of performance are the following: setting, musical,
compositions, role of composer and lyricist, role of performers
(actor/actress), role of audience, sound and musical direction,
script/screenplay, props, costumes, and lighting.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which particular type of instruments being use can either be strucked with a
stick or against one another?
60
B. Membranophone C. Idiophone
C. Chordophone D. Aerophone
2. Which musical instrument that made from a single wooden log, ceramics, tin
can, or gourd?
A. Membranophone C. Idiophone
B. Chordophone D. Aerophone
3. Which musical instruments used by the Sonata Chorister produce vibrations
of strings?
A. Membranophone C. Idiophone
B. Chordophone D. Aerophone
4. Which of the following musical instrument produces sound primarily by
trapping or enclosing an air to vibrate?
A. Membranophone C. Aerophone
B. Chordophone D. Idiophone
5. Which musical element refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of
pitch?
A. Dynamics B. Form C. Harmony D. Melody
6. Which of the following does not belong to the basic terms of harmony?
A. Dissonantly B. Atonality C. Modality D.Tonality
7. Which type of texture has two or more independent melodies at the same
time?
A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Polyphonic D. Heterophonic
8. Which one of the basic terms in harmony that avoids any sense of a home
key center?
A. Atonality B. Tonality C. Modality D.Conjunctly
9. Which of the following melodies described as smooth, easy to sing and play?
A. Conjunct B. Consonance C. Dissonance D. Disjunct
10. Which of the following terms in melody tis a basis for an extended musical
work?
A. Pitch B. Scale C. Tone D. Theme
11. Which kind of musical element produces different sound quality depending on
its own characteristic pattern?
12. Which of the following does not belong to the distinctive elements of music?
A. Dynamics B. Pitch C. Tone Color D. Harmony
13. Which of the following devices add in creating and recording music like
DVD/CD, mobile, and android phones?
61
A. Electronic device C. Mechanical device
B. Technical device D. Distinctive device
14. Which of the following are the elements of performances does not belong to
the group?
A. Musical compositions C. Roles of composers and lyricist
B. Role of performers D. Role of Editor
15. Which performances focus on choreography and dance sequence that
provides entertainment and breaks the unfolding plots?
A. Musical play B. Ballet C. Opera D. Theatre
A. Students’ Online Activity

Directions: You may watch live performances of the musical concerts on YouTube.
Research some of the musical television films that brought honor and
fame in the works of multimedia. Re-enact the play by recording a video
for evaluation. Rubrics will be given as your evaluation sheet.
B. Students’ Offline Activity:
Directions: Together with the members of the family as your group mate, you may
create a video clip using your digital cameras and cell phone portraying
the 20th century musical styles.
C. Rubrics in evaluating your performance will be given as your reference to
make your output wonderful.
Rubrics for your musical performance
Elements Outstanding Very Good Good Average Poor

Pitch Virtual no An Some Very few Needs help
errors. Pitch is occasional accurate accurate or
very accurate isolated pitches, but secure
error, but there are pitches
most of the frequent
time pitch is and or
accurate repeated
and secure errors
62
Tone Tone is Tone is The tone is The tone is Mumbles.
quality consistently focused, often not often not shouts,
focused, clear, clear, and focused, focused, sing not
and centered centered clear, or clear, or appropriate
throughout the but centered centered or will not
range of the sometimes regardless regardless of sing
voice uncontrolled of the the range
in the range significantly
normal detracting
singing from the
range overall
Expression Performs with Typically Sometimes Rarely Expression

and style a creative performs performs demonstrated and style is
nuance and with nuance with expression comparable
style in and style nuance and style. just to a deal
response to the that is and style sings the rodent
score and indicated in that is notes
limited the score or indicted in
coaching. which is the score or
suggested which is
by instructor suggested
by
instructor
Diction Artist Artist Artist is Artist rarely No clues
articulates articulates sometimes articulates as to what
clearly and the the words articulating the words the artist is
text of the somewhat the word, and the text singing.
music is clearly and but the text is not Possibly
understandable the text can is often not discernable singing in a
be discernable different
understood language.
most of the
time
Total
Post-Assessment
1. Which one of his musical compositions of Sergie Prokofieff is intended for

children only?
A. Romeo and Juliet C.Peter and Wolf
B. War and Peace D. Song of the Bagpipe
2. What attitude of a composers refers to the ability to make new things or think
of new ideas?
63
3. The element in composition in which composers sought to return to aesthetic
precepts associated with the broadly defined concept.
B. Avant-garde C. Neoclassicism
4. Which texture of music gives a pattern of regular or irregular pulses caused in
music by the occurence of strong and weak melodic and harmonic beats?
5. Which theory or practice in art of seeks to depict the particular emotions and
6. Which kind of musical elements produces different sound quality depending
on its own characteristic pattern?
7. Which of the following melodies described as smooth, easy to sing and play?
A. Conjunct B. Consonance C. Dissonance D. Disjunct
8. Meter can be seen or felt through the standard patterns used by the
conductors. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?
A. Andante B. Quadruple C. Triple D. Duple
9. Which musical element refers to the horizontal and linear presentation of
pitch?
A. Dynamics B. Melody C. Harmony D. Form
10. Which of the basic terms describe the word syncopation?
A. On-the-beat accent C. Off-the-beat accent
B. On-the-air of accent D. On-the-speeding up the tempo
11. Which of the following terms should you use for the performance that is
invented by the performers in making something that you have not planned?
12. Who among the composers was born to musical parents and died on
September 26, 1945, in New York City?
A. Bela Bartok C.Igor Stravinsky
B. Sergei Prokofieff D.George Gershwin
13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos, as one of the exceptional works of
Bartok?
A. 12 B.13 C 14 D.15
14. Who was the proponent of the Neoclassicism?
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
References:
71
1. Buenviaje , Paz A. 2005. Music,Arts, Physical Education, and Health IV.
Phoenix Publishing House,Inc.
2. Cabanban , Evelyn F. 2015. Music and Arts Appreciation for Young
Filipinos. Philippines Tawid Publications..
3. Defensor Marshal D, et al. 2007.MAPEH St. Augustine Publications Inc.
4. Estarija , Consolacion A. 2005.Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health
IV. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
5. Padiz, Servillano A. et al. 2005.MAPEH, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
6. Roxas-Wi , Corazon. 2005. Music,Arts, Physical Education, and Health IV.
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
7. Sunico, Raul M, Cabanban, Evelyn F and Moran, Melissa Y. Horizons
2015.Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos Learner’s Material,
Tawid Publications.
8. https://wmich.edu/mus-gened/mus170/170notes/Ch1-elements.pdf
“accessed June 1, 2020.
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXptv3RHMTs accessed June 1, 2020.
10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4wb11w0ZHQ accessed June 1, 2020.
11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeTFxbsVGrI accessed June 1, 2020.
12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaPlyJDdlqU accessed June 12, 2020.
13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3gvVrEG03U accessed June 12, 2020.
14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5haN3qsF-V4 accessed June 12, 2020.
15. https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/elements-of-20th-century-musical-
style-5301675/packs/7879751 accessed June 5, 2020.
16. https://images.app.goo.gl/LTbTyets5bq9VW327 accessed June 4, 2020
15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUFpcPEcwTo accessed June 1, 2020.
16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0A4Lxm3IpvY accessed June 1, 2020.
17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqODySSxYpc&t=189s accessed June
1, 2020.
18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOEatu5aH8 accessed June 1, 2020.
19. https://wmich.edu/mus-history/TheoryHelp/forms.html accessed June16, 2020
20. http://musictheoryblog.blogspot.com/2007/02/musical-form.html
accessed June 16, 2020.
21. https://www.britannica.com/art/musical-form/Formal-types accessed June
16, 2020.
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10

Published by the Department of Education

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

How to Learn from this Module

The module is divided into seven lessons, namely:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

What I Need to Know

1. Which one of the musical compositions of Sergie Prokofeiff is intended

In this lesson, you are expected to:

 Describe distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century

____Arnold Schoenberg ____Claude Debussy

Music of the 20th Century:

“The Transitory Period and the Musical Movement”

CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)

MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)

He was the son of a Basque mother and a Swiss

ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)

Igor Stravinsky was a Russian born composer and

BELA BARTOK (1881-1945)

This form of music was considered as the vanguard of experimentation or

Among the compositions are the following:

LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)

This notable composer was born in

PHILLIP GLASS (1937)

Einstein on the Beach (1976)

Name of Composer Year Noted Accomplishment

1899 – 1963 His compositions had a cooly elegant

Activity 1.2: MATCH ME!

___ 1. Claire de Lune A. Claude Debussy

Activity 1.3: CONCEPT MAP!

1. Igor Stravinsky is a composer of Neoclassicism who is known for his unique

Directions: Fill in the missing blanks to complete the sentence.

In this lesson, you are expected to:

Activity 1.1: MUSICAL ELEMENTS CHART

Activity 1.2: NOTEWORTHY TO REMEMBER!

1. Which of the following musical elements is not basically used by Claude

Directions: Below is the arrangement of the instruments in an orchestra. Classify

Activity 1: WHAT’S IN ME!!!!

Improvised Elements of Music or

There are stages of musical movements. These stages have distinct

POST- ROMANTICISM was characterized by chromatic harmonies,

MINIMALISM in music was characterized by the endless repetition of short

Activity 1: My Way of Improvisation!

BASIC ELEMENTS IMPROVISATION

Activity 2. WORD GAME: REMEMBER ME IN 3!

Directions: Below is the basic arrangement of musical instruments in an

As a musician, it is important to understand the musical form of a piece.

These are the most common musical forms:

A composition that is entirely continuous is called “Through-composed

It’s non-sectional and everything operates independently of one another.

In general, through-composed music is really interesting to listen to. None of

There are two different versions of binary form. This includes:

In simple binary form, the A material is followed by B material that has

The rondo form is an ABACA or ABACABA structure. The most common

Examples of pieces that use rondo form include:

Activity 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read the sentence. Encircle the letter of your answer.

The purpose of form in music is to create a sense of unity among the

ABA form Chorus Form Verse and Chorus

3. Label each part as Part A, B, C, or D depending on what structure of song

Directions: Identify the characteristics of the following concepts/statements and

1. Excessive use of timbres( tone color or tone quality) _______

Arnold Schoenberg Claude Debussy