Cogeneration in Europe Issue 10

In this issue

The decade of cogeneration in Europe

Wärtsilä NSD Energy News is published four
times a year for business friends and employees Countries throughout Europe are currently exploring the advantages offered by
of Wärtsilä NSD. cogeneration technology as the EU gears up to promote its more widespread use. . 4
Editorial Board: Stefan Fant, Jussi Heikkinen,
Clas-Eirik Strand, Anci Sandås
Editor: Anci Sandås
English Editing: Andrew Gardiner
Layout: Bock’s Office
Please address correspondence to:
Wärtsilä NSD, Anci Sandås
P.O.Box 252, 65101 Vaasa, Finland
e-mail: ann-cathrine.sandas@wartsila-nsd.com
ISSN 1456-3274
Information in this publication is subject to
change without notice. © Wärtsilä NSD
Corporation.
Printed in June 2000.
All rights reserved.

Modigen Ltd – trading electricity for Wärtsilä NSD

From saving Metra Corporation’s energy costs Modigen Ltd, a Wärtsilä NSD subsidiary,
now offers electricity trading services to industrial companies and hotels. . . . . . . 10

Energia-Tietola – Pure Energy for paper industry town

Energia-Tietola is a new Pure Energy cogeneration plant recently supplied to the
electricity and district heating utility of Valkeakoski, one of Finland’s main pulp and
paper industry centres. A key advantage is independence from outside electricity
suppliers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Meeting Turkey’s power needs

Turkey needs some 3000 MW of new power generation annually for the next ten
years to meet burgeoning demand. Innovative new ideas to help meet immediate
needs include the “autoproducer” and “mobile power plant” concepts. . . . . . 14

Also in this issue

CHP for the BSc’s! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Improved performance of
the Wärtsilä 28SG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Energy Partner proves its worth
in Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Reciprocating compressors in natural gas 96 MW Power Master to El Salvador . . 29
underground storages in Germany . . . 24
Appointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Owners split Cummins Wärtsilä
Wärtsilä NSD worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . 30
operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Product Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Cogen takes off at Detroit airport . . . . . 28

Top quality in Colombia. . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Diesel plant orders highlight Indian

success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2 - Wärtsilä NSD
Dear Reader,
The first International Cogeneration Conference on 1-2 February in Washington DC
was a very positive experience. Organized by International Cogeneration Alliance ICA
it attracted over 200 delegates from more than 20 countries. The voice of the
cogeneration community was loud and clear – the future of power and heat
generation lies in cogeneration.
Many OECD countries have set a target of doubling the share of cogeneration in
electricity production from about 10 % to 20 % by 2010. This means that about 200
GW of new cogeneration capacity should be built
by then and annual demand for new cogeneration
plants will be 20 GWe. Hence, more than 10 billion
dollars will be invested in cogeneration facilities
every year.
These aggressive policies are the result of the
carbon emission targets set in the Kyoto protocols.
The OECD countries have promised to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions by 8–12 %. About half of
the reduction could be achieved by doubling the
share of cogeneration in electricity production.
To make a fast start towards this goal, several
countries have taken various initiatives to promote
cogeneration. Development started in the USA with
the PURPA legislation in 1978, which gives
cogenerators the right to sell power at a fair rate to
the grid. The Scandinavian countries were the first
to introduce the CO2 taxes at the beginning of 1990.
This will now be followed by Germany and the UK, which will introduce new
ecotax systems or CCL levies on traditional and less effective means of generation. The
new taxes will make cogeneration the preferred and also the most competitive form of
generation.
This issue of Energy News presents some of the benefits and experience of
cogeneration from the user’s point of view. It also shows the benefits of localized
power production in the new liberalized electricity markets, where transmission tariffs
make local plants the most economical option. So please, join the cogeneration
community. It represents the future of power and heat generation for the whole
world.

Stefan Fant
Group Vice President
Power Plants

Energy News - 3
 Decentralized energy in focus
The decade of
cogeneration in Europe
Cogeneration is already an established concept in the
Nordic countries and, increasingly, in other parts of
Europe. The EU as a whole is now examining the
concept in detail with countries across the region
passing new legislation that will radically change the
structure of local power and heat markets. Cogeneration
offers undisputed advantages. But it remains to be seen
whether all EU member states grasp them fully.
Cogeneration, also called combined heat and power
(CHP), is based on the simultaneous production and
use of both electricity and heat. The concept, according
to COGEN Europe, the European Association for
promotion of cogeneration, is the most efficient way to
deliver heating, cooling and electricity. Countries across
Europe have enthusiastically adopted the concept.
Finland, Denmark and the Netherlands, for example,
today employ cogeneration extensively to provide
electricity and district heat to local communities and
industry, but the range of possible applications is
limited only by the imagination. Examples include
Conventional system
Conventional
Fuel 100
power station
CHP system
Fuel 100 CHP system
Fig. 1 Why cogeneration.
Source: COGEN Europe
4 - Wärtsilä NSD
hospitals, universities, department stores, greenhouse
complexes and industrial facilities in countries from
Belgium to Spain.
The benefits in brief
Cogeneration is by no means the solution to all power
needs. So what makes the method so popular? The
reason is that the technology, according to COGEN
Europe, results in ‘win-win’ solutions to energy
problems facing today’s industrial societies, and
especially those with access to natural gas.
Conventional generation of electricity in large central
power stations is normally only 30-40 % efficient
(Figure 1). These electricity-only stations release large
amounts of energy as waste heat, normally via large
cooling towers or cooling with sea or river water. They
are also typically located far from where the electricity
is consumed, which therefore requires expensive
transmission costs. More recent combined cycle
generation can improve the efficiency of such plants to
35 % electricity or more
Up to 65 % losses
Industry
Up to 90 % electricity
Commerce and heat
Domestic heating/
cooling
10 % losses
 application. Provided this is
done, cogeneration offers the
following benefits:
• Increased efficiency of
energy conversion and
energy efficiency at the
point of use
• Lower emissions to the
environment, in particular
of CO2, the main
greenhouse gas
• Large cost savings,
providing additional
competitiveness for
industrial and commercial
users, and offering
affordable heat for domestic
users
• An opportunity to move
towards more decentralized
forms of electricity
generation, where the plant
is designed to meet the
needs of local consumers,
providing high efficiency,
reducing transmission losses
and increasing flexibility in
system use
• Improved local and general
security of supply. Local
generation, through
cogeneration, can reduce
the risk that consumers are
left without supplies of
electricity and/or heating. In
addition, the reduced fuel
need which cogeneration
provides reduces
dependency on imports, a
55 %, but this excludes losses for the transmission of key challenge for Europe’s energy future.
electricity, which can be as great as 20 % of the
delivered efficiency. The EU takes note
By reusing the heat produced in electricity Calculated on a European scale, cogeneration still
generation, the cogeneration plant can reach an accounts for only a fraction of installed capacity,
efficiency of 90 % or more. Cogeneration, therefore, roughly 9 % according to COGEN Europe. A major
offers energy savings ranging between 15-40 % when reason, of course, is the structure of the power market
compared with the supply of electricity and heat from in large markets like Germany and France, where
conventional power stations and boilers. centralized nuclear and coal-fired power plants are the
The fundamental principle underlying cogeneration is norm.
that, in order to maximize its many benefits, systems The benefits of cogeneration have not gone
should be based according to the heat demand of the unnoticed by the EU Commission, however. The

Energy News - 5
 Decentralized energy in focus

Investment opportunities
Current use of cogeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 %
Installed capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-70,000 MWe
Current level of investment in cogeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2.5 billion Euros/year
EU target for 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 % of all EU electricity to come from cogeneration
If target reached, the installed capacity of cogeneration will be at least . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,000 MWe
Additional capacity is approx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-65,000 MWe
Investment opportunity to reach the target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-60 billion Euros
Equivalent to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . approx. 5 billion Euros/year
or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at least twice current activity

In addition
Reinvestment in existing plant will be . . . . . . . . . . . . approx. 30 % of existing stock 20-25,000 MWe over 10 years
Investment opportunity of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . approx. 1.5 billion Euros/year
Further investment opportunities in Eastern and Central Europe conservatively estimated to be . . 1.5 + billion Euros/year
THE OVERALL INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-90 BILLION EUROS
OR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 TIMES CURRENT ACTIVITY

Fig. 2 Investment opportunities offered by cogeneration in Europe.

Source: COGEN Europe

Commission has identified cogeneration as the top
priority measure to reduce CO2 emissions in the EU and
is committed to an 8 % cut in greenhouse gas emissions
to meet the binding targets set by the Kyoto Protocol.
Cogeneration has been identified as the biggest single
measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the EU,
with a potential of 150 million tonnes of avoided CO2.
The EU Commission published a Strategy for
Combined Heat and Power in May 1998, a landmark
document in which it confirmed the importance of
cogeneration in the future energy market of the
European Union. In this document the Commission
stated its intention to double the current level of
cogeneration in Europe (9 %) to 18 % by 2010. This is
not a legislative commitment; rather, a guide to
European policymakers and member states. If
implemented, the increase would raise the installed
capacity of cogeneration from today’s 65-70,000 MWe to
130,000 MWe, which translates into annual investments
totalling some 5 billion euros/year (Fig. 2).
From strategy to action
The next step is the EU’s Action Plan, which is currently
being devised to co-ordinate EC activity to achieve the
increase in cogeneration throughout the EU. If adopted,
it would greatly accelerate the use of cogeneration
throughout Europe although it is up to individual
countries how far and how fast they wish to proceed.
This raises the question of obstacles to the free
adoption of cogeneration that certain countries appear
willing to use to safeguard their monopolistic power
industries. One example is discrimination against local
operators by erecting regulatory barriers. France, for
instance, requires all cogenerator operators to apply the
same employment conditions on workers as applies to
EdF. This is unfair as the conditions apply to a principal
nuclear operator and not on-site generator.
More serious is the potential lack of fair access by
cogeneration operators to the electricity system. There
are now calls for the EU to pass a directive establishing
fair and transparent rules and pricing for connection to
electricity systems, top-up and back-up prices, and
export prices that reflect real costs.
Another barrier is the use of Article 18.2 of the Gas
Directive to apply a minimum-size ‘threshold’ on
cogeneration projects. This, in effect, would prevent
smaller but more efficient cogeneration installations
from accessing the competitively priced gas which will
automatically be available to all big but less efficient
combined cycle power stations. Both Spain and France
have indicated that they might use the threshold.
Proponents of cogeneration point out, however, that
small-scale cogeneration will not disturb the balance of
the electricity market. If anything, the market is more
likely to be distorted by uncontrolled growth in
electricity-only production based on CCGT plants which
are not designed to meet local heat and power needs.

6 - Wärtsilä NSD
 As mentioned, the Nordic countries and particularly
Finland have made perhaps the greatest progress
towards widespread adoption of cogeneration, largely
for reasons of climate and infrastructure. Looking at
Europe as a whole, however, it could be instructive to
see how and why cogeneration is being applied in
other widely differing European environments. We use
the UK and Portugal as two examples.
The UK – a fertile market for cogeneration
The UK energy market has undergone fundamental
change over the past decade. Gas was privatized in
1986 and electricity in 1989, which opened up the
market to progressively increasing competition during
the 1990s. Electricity prices fell by 20 % and gas by
40 % between 1990-98. This provided a fertile
environment for cogeneration, which was further
boosted by the government’s policy to "promote CHP
wherever economic and to work to ensure there are no
barriers to wider uptake".
The original CHP target of 4000 MWe was
met and a target of 5000 MWe is
expected to be reached in 2000/1
on the way towards a target of
at least 10,000 MWe by
2010. The use of
cogeneration in the UK
is predominately
industrial since
community (district)
heating has been
exploited to only a
very small degree.
An important
development was
the introduction of a
stricter consents
policy which provided
exception for ‘good
quality CHP’. No consents
are needed, for example, in
the case of CHP power stations
below 10 MW in size. The criteria
for ‘good quality CHP’ include the
stipulation that efficiency, averaged over a year,
should be significantly higher than that achievable with
the same fuel source in a power-only unit.
This concept is further developed by Quality Index
(QI) methodology, which is built on the rationale that
electricity supplied is more valuable than heat supplied.
It compared CHP to separate electricity-only and
heat-only alternatives. The QI therefore offers scope for
a major improvement over conventional approaches
based simply on overall efficiency. The proposed
methodology is designed both to reward existing and
future ‘good quality’ CHP schemes, and to provide an
incentive for improving scheme performance.
Portugal – cogeneration has legal status
The concept of cogeneration was adopted in Portugal at
the end of the 1980s when Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
reciprocating engines were introduced to the market.
High electricity prices encouraged numerous industrial
investments in independent power production. With
most industries needing heat (mostly steam) in some
form as well, the cogeneration principle was an obvious
solution.
Because Portugal has some HFO refinery capacity of
its own and in the 1980s there was no natural gas
available, the logical fuel for the cogeneration business
was HFO. There are currently about 70 HFO engines
running in cogeneration applications in
Portugal, amounting to between 8 and
10 % of the country’s annual
electrical consumption.
Wärtsilä’s share of that
capacity is about 50 %, or
167 MW.
In 1992, the
Portuguese
government made a
strategic decision to
diversify its primary
energy sources
towards natural gas.
A multi-national gas
pipeline project was
started and in spring
1997 the first users
began consuming natural
gas. Gas flows from
Algeria, through Spain to the
Lisbon area where a
north-south main trunk line
distributes the gas throughout the
country.
With the availability of natural gas, the
demand for gas-fuelled engines has risen sharply. In the
first year, nearly 20 gas engines were sold for industrial
cogeneration applications. Nowadays the government
and the gas industry is promoting gas as the main
choice of fuel for cogeneration plants. HFO projects are
Energy News - 7
 Decentralized energy in focus

becoming less common for environmental reasons and 2. The second fundamental principle of the cogen law
uncertainty of future emissions legislation. defines the maximum power that can be sold to the grid:

The cogeneration Law Eer = (4.5 x ((E+T)/(E+0.5 x T)) - 4.5) x E

Initially, there was no clear legal framework for
installing private power stations; permits and power where:
sales agreements were very much Eer = electricity that can be sold to the
dependent on the attitudes of the grid (kWh)
authorities. This situation resulted E = electricity produced by
in long delays and problems cogeneration station annually
when planning investments, (kWh)
and ultimately legislation T = thermal energy
was passed in which the consumed by the
conditions for customer produced by
cogeneration were the cogeneration
defined. The cogen station annually
law was in force (kWh)
during the 1990s with
some updates during This second
the decade. condition
The following emphasizes the
condition defines the importance of a high
cogenerator (Update of amount of heat
Decret-Law No: 186/95 recovery, i.e. high total
dt 27.06.1005): efficiency. The more heat
1. The first main principle of you can recover, the more
the law is to define who (what power you can sell to the
kind of power plant set-up) is grid. Consequently, even with a
considered a “cogenerator”: smaller level of electrical
consumption on-site, you can still install
E + 0.5 x T > 0.45 x C high electrical capacity.
The effect of this clause can be calculated as follows
where: (data are simplified to outputs, not to annual energies,
E = electricity produced by cogeneration for a typical 6.5 MWe unit):
station annually (kWh) Heat recovery Electrical production Allowed electricity
T = thermal energy consumed by the “Export” to grid
500 kWt 6500 kWe 1080 kWe
customer produced by the cogeneration station 1500 kWt 6500 kWe 3020 kWe
annually (kWh) 2500 kWt 6500 kWe 4720 kWe
C = fuel consumed by the cogeneration 3899 kWt 6500 kWe 6500 kWe
station annually (kWh)
If the above equation is “true” then the case can be Other aspects of the legislation, together with the above
handled as a cogeneration station. It should be noted conditions, limit the practical plant sizes to between 4
that the conditions are related to the annual energy to 7 MWe. In some rare cases with exceptionally high
produced and consumed and not to the maximum heat consumption in their industrial processes, the
capacity values (kW) of the station. Since Portugal’s installed electrical capacity has been above 10 MWe.
climate is quite warm, traditional space heating With liberalization of energy legislation in Europe,
applications are rare, so the cogeneration condition the Portuguese cogen law also needed amending since
must usually be met with steam production. In practice it was originally written to function in parallel with a
this means that a typical 6.5 MWe station must be able fully monopolistic electrical production and distribution
to recover an average 0.5 MW of heat as steam from system. A new law was drafted between 1998-99 and
exhaust gases (and consume it in an industrial activity). was introduced at the beginning of 2000.

8 - Wärtsilä NSD
The new law (Decret-Law No: 186/95) makes four A number of other new aspects to the law not
major changes to the old law and some of the major mentioned here naturally also need to be studied and
differences are mentioned here: understood when evaluating new projects. Existing
plants are governed under the old law. They can
1. In the old law the electricity selling prices to the change to the new one by expressing their wish to do
public grid were guaranteed by the government for the so during a period of 24 months calculating from the
future in accordance with a certain formula. This is no date when the new law was passed.
longer the case. Now the selling price is defined using a
complex calculation giving priority to environmental Looking to the future
issues. In practice this means that the chosen The EU will need to issue directives and apply rules to
technology must be “low-emission technology” and the ensure fair play for all in the rapidly liberalizing
degree of cogeneration must be high. A total efficiency electricity and gas markets. Nonetheless, cogeneration
of about 75-80 % results in a level of electricity selling has come to stay and its widespread increase can only
prices that makes projects feasible (the new law sets a be delayed, not prevented. There is no doubt that
limit of a minimum total efficiency of 55 % in order to investment in cogeneration plants across Europe,
be qualified as a cogenerator). Electrical selling tariffs including central and eastern Europe, will soar in the
are defined separately for cases with electrical outputs next decade or two, though the rate of activity will of
less than 10 MWe and above 10 MWe. course vary by country.
Technologically, the next major
2. The old law permitted excess development in the cogeneration
power to be supplied only to the market will be
public grid. Now it is micro-cogeneration systems
recognized that the (below 15 kWe). These will
cogenerator has the right be based on new prime
to sell power also to movers: very small gas
third parties either via engines, Stirling
the public grid or engines and fuel
through their own cells. Their target
direct lines. markets will include
individual houses,
3. The old law was small groups of
quite unclear on the houses, small hotels
question of and retail
managing the establishments.
electrical The potential for
interconnection to the this technology is vast.
grid. The new law In the UK alone, the
guarantees a larger domestic gas boiler market
transparency of proceedings is 12 million euros. If 25 % of
in the bureaucracy and more this is suitable for
equal treatment of the players in micro-cogeneration, the result could
question. be 10,000 MWe of new installed
cogeneration, or one-quarter of the UK’s electricity
4. One of the major hindrances to allowing demand. n
cogeneration full rein for development under the old
law was the in-built protectionism of limiting the Authors:
installed power to 5 % of the short circuit power at the Andrew Gardiner, Impress Helsinki Ltd.
connection point. In practice this limited project sizes to Kari Punnonen, Area Sales Manager, Wärtsilä NSD Finland Oy
4-6 MWe. The new law now allows connection of
systems at the connection point up to 8 % of the short Source: The information in this article is largely based on material supplied by
COGEN Europe.
circuit power.

Energy News - 9
 Decentralized energy in focus
Modigen Ltd – trading
electricity for Wärtsilä NSD
Wärtsilä NSD started electricity
trading in Finland through its
subsidiary Modigen Ltd in 1997.
The original aim was to achieve
savings in the electricity bills of the
parent company Metra
Corporation’s factories and offices.
This became possible when Finland
opened up the electricity market to
competition, first for 500 kWe sites
in October 1995 and then for all
consumers at the beginning of 1997.
A crucial decision was taken in
1996 to adopt a point tariff system
in electricity transmission, where
distance has no effect on
transportation costs. This made it
possible to buy electricity from any
supplier in the country. The only
exception is on-site suppliers, who
do not need to pay for transmission
charges since they do not transmit
anything.
Competitive bids for
largest sites
Metra Corporation has about ten
electricity consumption sites in
Finland and some one hundred sites
abroad. The natural starting point,
therefore, was the largest sites in the
liberalized Finnish market. A market
study was made on these sites in
1996. The average purchasing prices
were about EUR 33/MWh for the
electricity component and about
EUR 13/MWh for transmission
excluding VAT, giving a total price
of EUR 46/MWh.
The company asked for
preliminary bids for summer and
winter electricity separately. It was
found that electricity prices would
10 - Wärtsilä NSD
drop to about half in the summer
and remain constant in the winter.
This was because the prices are
hydro-based in the summer and
coal-based in the winter. The
second finding was that the prices
would generally fall and the best
result would be achieved by making
only six-month contracts for
summer and winter separately.
Trading started for summer
electricity in 1997. Modigen
prepared a call for bids for the
largest sites where earlier contracts
had expired. In the new contracts
the summer prices had fallen to
about EUR 17/MWh, or about 40 %.
The average yearly electricity price
had fallen to EUR 25/MWh, or 24 %
lower than earlier.
Trading strategy
Today, about three years from the
start of liberalization, Modigen has
begun to offer this service to other
companies in the metal and
mechanical engineering industry
and also the hotel sector. The
trading volume is now about three
times higher than consumption by
Metra’s own facilities. Combining
the engineering and hotel sectors
has helped to smooth the total
consumption curves so that the
utilization time of the maximum
load corresponds to about 4500 h/a.
This is then a very good package,
which all power suppliers want to
serve.
Electricity prices have stabilized at
a very low level and the average
price on the Nord Pool electricity
exchange has been about EUR
€/MWh
25
Aver. 1998 1999 2000
20

15

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Aver.

Fig. 1 Nord pool system prices.

14/MWh for two years in a row (see These prices can be compared to price would then be about EUR
Figure 1). the variable costs of a coal-fired 20-23/MWh, which is only about
In this new situation the strategy condensing plant, which are also 50 % of the original price before
has been changed from short-term about EUR 16/MWh. Thus prices liberalization started.
electricity contracts to two- or cannot be expected to fall much These prices also indicate that
three-year contracts. A detailed lower and EUR 16/MWh is a fair construction of large-scale power
analysis indicates that prices could price for making contracts for the plants, which feed to the power
not fall very much more, and there next two to three years. pools, has essentially halted in
is even the possibility of prices The consumer should then pay Scandinavia, at least for the time
rising. EUR 13/MWh above this for being. The generating costs of a
There are several reasons for this. electricity transmission. The total new coal, gas or nuclear plant are
Consumption is rising at an annual price of future electricity will then about EUR 25-30/MWh, which is
rate of 2-3 %, while supply remains be about EUR 30/MWh at the site too high compared with the pool
constant or is decreasing as the for the next two to three years, prices.
Barsebäck nuclear units in Sweden which is about 35 % lower than The only plant commissioned in
are decommissioned. The second prices before liberalization began. Finland last year was the 11 MWe
reason is higher prices in Germany, Valkeakoski Pure Energy gas CHP
which tend to encourage Danish Future strategies plant with two Wärtsilä 5.5 MWe
and Norwegian exporters to sell Prices are not expected to remain so gas engines for a municipal utility
their electricity to continental low in the future. The best strategy customer (pages 12-13). The only
Europe. will then be to combine electricity plants at the planning stage are a
trading with on-site power municipal CHP plant in Tampere
Future prices in Scandinavia production. This can be done in and some industrial on-site
The prices of long-term contracts places where gas is available and generation plants. The electricity
closely follow the forward prices on consumption is high enough to market has already changed
the Nord Pool electricity exchange. make an on-site plant economical, fundamentally in Scandinavia. Other
The prices in the next three years i.e. about 2-10 MWe. countries will follow as the
are as follows (EUR/MWh): Power can be generated for EUR liberalization process spreads
Summer 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 25-30/MWh using an on-site around the world. n
Winter 2 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1
gas-fired cogeneration plant. The
Winter 1 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1
Year 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 best strategy is to generate power Asko Vuorinen
Year 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 during the winter and purchase Managing Director
Year 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 power during the summer at about Modigen Ltd
EUR 11/MWh. The average annual

Energy News - 11
 Decentralized energy solutions
Energia-Tietola – Pure Energy
Valkeakoski, about 150 km north of
Helsinki, is one of Finland’s main
centres of pulp and paper
production. Almost 70 % of the
town’s 20,000 inhabitants are
connected to the district heating
network, which is operated by
Valkeakosken Energia Oy
(Valkeakoski Energy Ltd), a 100 %
municipality-owned energy
company that provides heat,
electricity and gas to the consumers
in Valkeakoski. The district heat is
produced by a Pure Energy plant
delivered by Wärtsilä NSD in 1999.
12 - Wärtsilä NSD
Deregulation has opened up the
energy market in Finland in a
number of ways. Many
municipalities have adopted a
wait-and-see approach to the
market but Valkeakosken Energia
decided instead to invest in their
own CHP plant to make sure that
their customers get a reliable supply
of affordable heat and electricity.
With electricity prices fluctuating
heavily, Valkeakosken Energia saw
the new Pure Energy plant as the
cornerstone on which to build their
future. Independence was one of
the major factors why Valkeakosken
Energia decided to invest in their
own power plant.
A plant with a long history
Valkeakosken Energia had been
investigating several options for
independent energy production
since the beginning of the 1990s.
One option under consideration
was to expand existing co-operation
with the local paper industry.
However, intensive analysis
revealed that an independent gas
for paper industry town
engine power plant would be the
best option.
The saying “well planned is half
done” aptly describes how
Energia-Tietola set about the task.
Negotiations began in late 1997, the
precontract was signed at the end of
April 1998, and the final contract
was signed early in August 1998, by
which time the foundation works
were already under way. The
extension of the existing boiler
house was ready in December and
the topping-out ceremony was held
on 2 February 1999. The plant was
started up in August, and the
handing over and test run periods
started in September 1999. The
official opening ceremony and also
the name-giving party were held in
mid-November 1999. The plant is
called Energia-Tietola (Energy
Knowledge Centre) and the engines
are named Helka and Kaino after
Valkeakoski’s legendary mayor and
his wife.
Wärtsilä, the turnkey
contractor
Wärtsilä NSD Finland Oy delivered
the power plant on a turnkey basis,
but as always using several
subcontractors. Most of these were
already familiar from previous
projects in Kerava and Ikaalinen.
Forming the heart of the plant are
two Wärtsilä 34SG gas engines both
producing 6 MW of electricity. Each
engine and its generator were put
on a common base frame and
transported from Vaasa to
Valkeakoski in one piece each
weighing 100 tons.
There is no emission legislation
for gas engine power plants in
Finland, but TA-luft is used as the
Valkeakoski
Finland
standard and this has been the case
in Valkeakoski as well. The location
of the plant was also a challenge.
Energia-Tietola, like almost all Pure
Energy plants, is situated in a
densely populated area and there is
an elementary school only 80
metres from the power plant. The
noise level was not permitted to
exceed 45 dB(A) at 25 metres from
the wall of the Pure Energy plant.
This requirement was fulfilled and
now the only way of knowing
whether the plant is running or not
is to look at the stack for signs of
steam.
Organization unchanged
Although the establishment of
Energia-Tietola marked a new
situation for the personnel of
Valkeakosken Energia, there was no
need to change the existing
organization. The plant is run
unmanned and someone from the
heat department visits the plant
daily during weekdays. The PLC is
remotely connected to the
headquarters of Valkeakosken
Energia and the duty manager can
connect his portable PC to the
plant’s modem. The plant can also
be directly monitored by Wärtsilä’s
service department in Vaasa (300
km north of Valkeakoski) via a
modem, allowing them to analyze
any problems that arise and suggest
the best maintenance alternative.
This ensures rapid reaction times
and minimizes downtime if the
plant’s operation is interrupted for
any reason.
Valkeakosken Energia personnel
handle minor maintenances (under
4000 h), while larger maintenance
tasks are performed by Wärtsilä
NSD under a 5-year maintenance
contract.
The situation today
The plant has now been in
operation about 6 months and both
of the engines have almost 4000
running hours behind them. The
owner has been happy with the
performance of the plant and
reports that co-operation with
Wärtsilä has been very satisfactory
Visits to Energia-Tietola will be
arranged in connection with the
Power Gen exhibition in Helsinki
on 19 June 2000. If you are visiting
the show, you are most welcome to
join the group. Energia-Tietola is a
modern plant well worth a visit. n
Author: Jukka Hakola
Key Account Manager
Wärtsilä NSD Finland Oy
Energy News - 13
 Energy in focus

Meeting Turkey’s power needs

Think about Turkey and oriental
images spring to mind such as
exotic food, belly dancing and
sultans with harems and eunuchs.
If you happen to follow politics,
you might remember more recent
matters like the Kurdish problem
and Turkey’s candidacy for
membership of the European
Union. Seldom, however, do people
associate Turkey with modern
manufacturing, fast economic
growth, cellular phones and large
international projects, but that is the
reality today.
In the past decade Turkey had an
average 8 % growth in GNP, 1999
being the only regressive year with
about 6 % negative growth. The
year 2000 looks to be positive once
again and, partly because of its continue at the same level for at
application for EU membership, the least ten years from now. Turkey’s GWh x 1000
Turkish Government is enacting Electricity Generating and 140

new laws and stipulations with no Transmission Corporation (TEAS), a

time to lose. These new laws will
support steady business growth in
the country for some years to come.
The social structure of Turkey has
120
public company that owns and
operates 15 thermal and 30 100
hydroelectric plants totalling over
20,000 MW of electrical capacity, 80

changed rapidly during the past two
decades as well; large-scale
urbanization is taking place
simultaneously with fast population
growth. To give you an idea,
has been trying together with the
60
Ministry of Energy and other state
bodies to add generation capacity to 40
meet the increase in demand.
However, they have not been 20

Greater Istanbul has over 12 million successful owing mainly to delays in

inhabitants today compared to only
5 million ten years ago, and the
population is growing by about
300,000 each year.
Electricity consumption per capita
is still very low in Turkey, 1160
kWh per annum, compared to
average consumption of 6100 kWh
in the European Community. This
has created annual demand for 3000
MW of new power generation and
this demand is estimated to
the availability of natural gas,
Turkey’s very slow legislative
progress in the past and lack of
money.
Private power generation capacity
has been increasing steadily and
today amounts to about 5000 MW.
About 1900 MW of this has been
built under the so called
“autoproducer” concept in more
than 89 power plant installations.
An autoproducer is a company, or a
0
80 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
Fig. 1 Electric energy consumption
development in Turkey
group of companies, that produces
its own electrical and thermal
energy. The model offers interesting
opportunities for private investors
who are willing to form joint
ventures with local factories that
consume the power and energy.

14 - Wärtsilä NSD
Fig. 2 24 MW Power Master in City of Van
In their long-term planning, TEAS
covers hydro, nuclear, coal and
gas-fired thermal power plants.
However, these plants will take
some years to be operational. To
meet the immediate needs for
power capacity, TEAS introduced a
“mobile power plant concept” in
1998. This concept involves
privately owned power plants with
capacities from 10 to 42 MW
operating under a short-term PPA
from TEAS. A total of 75 MW
diesel-fired power plants were built
in 1999, all of them with a
three-year take-or-pay PPA whose
price is fixed to the US dollar.
Despite these efforts, the Turkish
population, Turkish industry and
the whole economy are suffering a
severe shortage of electrical power
every day. Heavy fuel-fired diesel
power plants are a good solution
for Turkey as hundreds of
megawatts can be operational in
less than 12 months. These power
plants run on cheap and “almost
domestic” fuel, HFO #6, which is
Fig. 3 45 MW Power Master in
Silopi, Turkey
the low-grade product of all seven
Turkish refineries.
Such power plants have proven
to be a reliable and economical
means of power generation
worldwide, and Turkey is no
exception. Wärtsilä NSD has
installed 154 MW in nine power
plants in Turkey so far, 37 MW of
which is dual fuel-fired (natural gas
- fuel oil) and the rest heavy fuel oil
(HFO #6) applications. A further
133.5 MW of heavy fuel power
plants are under construction and
all will be operational this year.
Most of our heavy fuel-fired engines
can be converted for gas operation
if desired, when natural gas is
available.
Wärtsilä NSD is at the moment
negotiating three 20 MW heavy
fuel-fired power plant orders. These
plants will produce electricity for
TEAS’s grid under the mobile power
concept mentioned above. All of
them, in fact, will be extensions to
existing plants, so the owners are
Karadeniz Energy, EnerPower and
AKSA, which is a new customer to
Wärtsilä. Each of the three power
plants will have four Wärtsilä 18V32
generating sets and the plants will
be operational in just six months
from signing of the contract.
This expansion project shows that
TEAS is comfortable with the
technology of our Power Masters
and this gives us a good
opportunity to expand our
relationship with TEAS and local
energy companies in the future. n
Author: Jari Kartano
Director, Power Plant Business
Wartsila NSD – Enpa Dis Ticaret A.S.
Energy News - 15
 Decentralized energy solutions
Photo: Jan Chlebik
The Imperial College of Science,
Technology and Medicine, London,
has been working with Wärtsilä
NSD and London Electricity Services
to create an efficient,
environmentally friendly and
economical combined heat and
power plant on campus.
Founded in 1907, Imperial
College is one of the world’s
leading institutions in the world for
research, teaching and education in
science, engineering and medicine.
Recent mergers with Charing Cross
and Westminster Medical School
and the Royal Postgraduate Medical
School have contributed to the
recent increases in numbers. The
College is now home and
workplace to around 9000 students.
The existing boiler plant, for the
College’s heating, was installed in
the late 1950s. This plant consisted
of four heavy fuel oil-burning steam
boilers. London Electricity was
16 - Wärtsilä NSD
CHP
for
the
BSc’s!
supplying electricity from the local
grid at 6.6 kV. During 1996 these
boilers were identified as coming to
the end of their economical life.
This gave Imperial College the
opportunity to review its energy
needs and potential solutions. After
careful consideration the College
chose the option of a Combined
Heat and Power (CHP) scheme.
Imperial College entered into a
partnership agreement with London
Electricity Services (LES) in which
LES would design, build, operate
and maintain the CHP plant for a
15-year period. The CHP plant is
owned by the College. A major
problem for LES was the need to
remove the four existing boilers
from the basement of the college,
then install the new CHP system
without interruption to the College’s
heating supply.
When it came to choosing an
engine supplier it became clear to
LES that the engine solution offered
by Wärtsilä NSD best met the needs
of the project. To achieve the
required output of 9 MWe at 6.6 kV
and 4 MWth, Wärtsilä NSD’s
solution was based on two Wärtsilä
18V28SG gas engines with an
electrical efficiency of 41.5 %.
Competitive solutions from other
engine manufacturers were based
on three engines to achieve the
power and heat levels required.
Tight fit
Lack of space was a critical factor.
After the boilers had been removed
the new Pure Energy plant had to
be installed in the old boiler house.
To gain access, all new equipment
had to be lowered through a hole in
the road outside the College.
The complexity of the project
meant that the installation
programme spanned over two
years. As the heat supply to the
College had to be maintained
during installation, a way had to be
found to achieve this during the
project’s implementation. A
temporary boiler-house was
designed and constructed within the
College grounds. During the
summer of 1997 the temporary
boiler house was connected to the
College’s existing system.
Once this temporary boiler house
was up and running, work
commenced on the
decommissioning of the existing
boiler plant and chimney. The new
generator sets were tested in
Wärtsilä NSD’s works before
delivery. As the complete generator
sets would not fit through the
access hole in the road, they were
broken down into their three main
components: engine, alternator and
base-frame, for delivery to the
College.

Photo: Jan Chlebik

Photo: Jan Chlebik
The delivery of the generator sets
through central London had to be
carefully co-ordinated, as timing
was critical. They had to arrive at
the correct time, and in the correct
order, as each component had to be
off-loaded directly to the basement
since there was no room to store
anything on site. The base frames
were lowered in first, followed by
the engines, then the alternators.
Once reassembled, the complete
generator sets were manoeuvred
into position and cocooned to allow
the rest of the plant to be installed.
Heat recovery and re-use
Imperial College will improve the
efficiency of the system even further
by modifying its existing systems to
use the low-grade heat produced by
the gas engines. A full-dump
cooling system, using heat
exchangers, has been supplied to
remove the heat. Even before the
use of this low-grade heat the
College will benefit from an energy
saving of around £800,000 per year.
The environment will also benefit
through a reduction of 7500 tonnes
of CO2 per year.
“We are delighted with the new
heat and power plant,” comments
Mr Ron Jeeves, Imperial College’s
Operations Manager. “It will
generate considerable savings for us
on our energy costs. It will also
provide the College with heating,
hot water and air conditioning
throughout the campus. It was also
important to us that this was an
environmentally friendly package.”
“LES is extremely pleased and
proud to be associated with this
project. After two interesting years
in construction, we are looking
forward in putting the plant into
beneficial operation.” n

Energy News - 17
 Technology in focus
Improved performance
of the Wärtsilä 28SG
1 December 1999 marked the
beginning of a new era for the
Wärtsilä 28SG gas engine. On that
day, the first Wärtsilä 28SG gas
engine built in the Netherlands
started commercial operation. This
took place in a power plant in
Meaux, France, with two Wärtsilä
18V28SG engines. It was followed
by a third engine in Lüneburg,
Germany, where the warranty
period started on 19 January 2000.
The two plants are now performing
very well and running 24 hours a
day.
18 - Wärtsilä NSD
When the decision was made to
move manufacturing of the Wärtsilä
28SG engine from Sweden to the
Netherlands in October 1998, we
were faced with the challenge of
transferring not only the knowledge
but also all documents and
hardware. However, this period
gave us the opportunity to
implement improvements based on
the experience collected from the
operating engines that were built in
Sweden. Both minor and major
improvements were made. The
positive impact of the changes can
now be seen in the excellent
performance and reliability of the
newly built engines.
Design improvements
The overall vibration levels have
been decreased considerably by
changing the stiffness of the engine
block. This in combination with a
new gas pipe arrangement, new
wastegate arrangement and the
addition of some supports has
minimized the vibration levels.
A fine-tuned piston design
together with a new piston ring
package has made the combustion
process more stable and less
sensitive to knocking. It has also
decreased the lube oil consumption
to about 0.25 g/kWh.
The Wärtsilä 28SG incorporates
the WECS8000, the new version of
the engine control system. The new
control system has proven to be a
lot more stable than the old system
and no problems have been
recorded since it was fine-tuned on
the first installations.
Lüneburg, Germany
This installation, with one Wärtsilä
18V28SG, is operating in the town
of Lüneburg, about 40 km from
Hamburg. The Pure Energy plant is
owned and run by Avacon AG, one
of the biggest energy providers in
Germany. The plant has an
electricity output of 4560 kWe and
produces 4.9 MW heat for the
district heating system. When
suitable, the heat can also be
accumulated in a large heat
accumulating tank. The plant will
run between 4500 and 5500 hours
per year. Emissions comply with the
½-TA-Luft regulations and the
electrical efficiency is 40.7 %.
Once the installation work was
over, the Pure Energy plant was
given a performance commissioning
test for 14 days during which the
engine did not trip once. Since the
warranty period started, the engine
has run extremely well. So far, the
engine has run for 1900 hours
without any major stops except for
the changing of spark-plugs.
Wärtsilä NSD’s turnkey supply
was split between the Netherlands
factory for the performance package
and the Hamburg network office for
the local adaptation, installation and
supervision. Wärtsilä NSD’s service
department in Germany has made a
long-term service contract with
Avacon.
Meaux, France
This Pure Energy plant,
incorporating two Wärtsilä 18V28SG
engines, is located in Meaux, a
town just outside Paris. The plant is
owned by Energie Meaux, the local
district heating company. The
electricity produced is sold to the
national utility Electricité de France
and the heat is distributed as district
heating. The plant is scheduled to
run 3624 hours, 24 hours a day in
the winter season between 1
November and 31 March. The plant
will remain closed the rest of the
year.
Until now the Pure Energy plant
has accumulated 2550 hours/engine.
The performance has been very
high and only a few stops have
occurred. Since then the availability
has steadily increased and in
February and March it reached
98 %.
Energy Meaux closely followed
the work on site to make sure
everything was being done in
accordance with the specifications
and expectations. They are very
satisfied and have just signed a
repeat order for an identical Pure
Energy plant to Aulnay, also a town
outside Paris. Operation of the
Aulnay plant is scheduled for 1
November 2000.
Wärtsilä NSD France acted as the
turnkey contractor for the Meaux
Pure Energy plant, providing all
detailed engineering, and supplying
and installing all equipment needed
in the cogeneration plant. Wärtsilä
NSD France also has a 12-year
operation and maintenance contract
for the plant, ensuring its proper
operation and maintenance.
These two references illustrate
that the Wärtsilä 18V28SG gas
engine is now a mature product
offering excellent performance in
the field. n
Author: Tomas Ryckenberg
Expert, Gas Engine Technology
Wärtsilä NSD Nederland B.V.
Energy News - 19
 Optimizing performance
Energy Partner proves its
worth in Denmark
Energy Partner agreements are
agreements made by Wärtsilä NSD
with its power plant customers
covering performance optimization,
modernization, reliability
enhancements and other proactive
services. The exact scope and mix
of services specified in these
agreements are tailored to the needs
and operating conditions of each
customer.
Agreements that have been
operative for a number of years are
now being revised to cover the
customer’s current requirements,
which have often changed
considerably. All variations of these
agreements continue to exist after
updating, from simple co-operation
to full Operation & Maintenance. In
Picture 1. A technician in the field is receiving remote guidance from the
Operation Support Center via telephone and modem.
20 - Wärtsilä NSD
general, however, the updated
Energy Partner agreements contain
more and wider maintenance work,
although this will continue to be
performed by the customer himself.
The escalating base of Wärtsilä
NSD gas engines in Denmark now
totals 181 MWe. An additional 6
MWe is under construction, which
makes a total of 33 installations. All
these installations are covered by a
Wärtsilä Energy Partner service
agreement offering numerous
advantages. The most important of
these are described below.
Energy Partner agreements can
be quite extensive. They can cover
machinery breakdown, an
availability guarantee, lubrication oil
delivery and cleaning etc., but not
fuel supply. Alternatively they may
comprise supply of materials,
including spare parts, as well as
services according to the customer’s
requirements.
Daily support to maximize
availability
One of the most important factors
contributing to our customers’
financial success is to maximize the
availability of the power plant
equipment. Wärtsilä NSD’s efficient
service organization offers daily
support for all power plants
covered under Energy Partner
agreements.
Every day the power plant
installations receive on-line calls
from Wärtsilä NSD Danmark’s
Operation Support Centre. This
ensures that the operational
parameters are continuously
assessed by an experienced
technical advisor from the
Operation Support Centre enabling
the operator to form a rapid
overview of the current operating
conditions at the power plant. Any
irregularities are addressed
according to their nature. It is often
enough, for example, to call the
power plant in question and make
arrangements for corrective action
in co-operation with the operator.
From time to time it is necessary
to send a Wärtsilä NSD service
engineer to the power plant if the
operator is not present or is unable
to solve the irregularities on his
own. If difficult irregularities occur,
it is an advantage to our customer
that the Wärtsilä service engineer is
Picture 2. Remote inspection and monitoring of the power plants covered under the Energy Partner agreements
fully aware of the cause of the
irregularity on arrival at the site.
While on his way, the Wärtsilä NSD
service engineer can discuss the
problem with a technical adviser at
the Operation Support Centre and
prepare a detailed solution in
advance, which ensures that the
problem is solved quickly and
efficiently.
Remote troubleshooting
Kent Hastrup Jensen, manager of
Wärtsilä NSD Danmark’s technical
department, performs remote
inspections of the plants covered
under the Energy Partner
agreements via a modem
connection from the Operational
Support Centre at Wärtsilä NSD
Danmark (Picture 2). When a
technician is sent to a power plant
requiring assistance, he receives organization and the way it works.
remote guidance from the Wärtsilä NSD has been working
Operation Support Centre via according to ISO 9001 since 1994.
telephone and modem (Picture 1). However, the most important factor
Our customers also benefit contributing to good delivered
greatly from the advanced quality is the competence and
troubleshooting features of the commitment of our personnel. n
Wärtsilä Engine Control System
(WECS), which ensures that Author:
troubleshooting is handled Mogens Jakobsen
systematically. The Operation Area Manager
Support Centre is equipped with a Power Plant Field Service
complete WECS model for Wärtsilä NSD Danmark A/S
troubleshooting and training etc.
This supports the customer through
both higher availability and better
fuel consumption.
Our customers consider that
Wärtsilä NSD provides a consistently
high standard of service. One factor
of great importance to maintaining
this standard is the service
Energy News - 21
 Optimizing performance
Top quality in Colombia
In mid-1998, a team of people was
selected by Wartsila NSD
Operations, Inc. to operate and
maintain the 24.7 MW Pure Energy
plant under construction at the
Cementos Diamante cement factory
in Ibagué, Colombia. The factory is
owned by Cemex, a multinational
Mexican corporation. At the end of
the same year, Colombia Energy
Operators S.A. was established to
operate this and future power plant
projects in the country.
Colombia Energy Operators S.A.
has a clear vision to establish and
maintain a standard of excellence in
its power plant operations. The
company emphasizes that teamwork
based on achieving customer
satisfaction and exceeding the
customer’s expectations is essential
to putting this vision into effect.
Wartsila NSD Operations, Inc. chose
Colombia Energy Operators S.A.
and the Cementos Diamante power
22 - Wärtsilä NSD
plant as an ISO 9002 Quality
Assurance System pilot project in
May of 1999.
The project began in Annapolis,
Maryland, in mid-May with an
accelerated training program. An
interdisciplinary team was formed to
translate the procedures and to
provide guidance and approval of
the procedures to ensure
compliance with the ISO standard.
The basic engineering of the project
in Colombia continued, and by the
beginning of September 1999
procedures had been written and
translated, 345 (MP2) tasks had
been written, and 134 forms had
been customized.
At the same time, and with the
North American Quality Committee
serving as judges, Colombia Energy
Operators S.A. created the phrase,
“With Human Quality, We Generate
Pure Energy,” as their quality
slogan. On 9-10 November 1999,
Colombia Energy Operators S.A.
successfully passed the third-party
pre-audit conducted by ICONTEC.
On 6 December ICONTEC
conducted the Certification Audit,
which Colombia Energy Operators
S.A. passed with flying colors.
On 9 February 2000 the director
of ICONTEC presented Colombia
Energy Operators S.A. with the ISO
9002 and the IQNET Certificates in a
simple ceremony at the Cementos
Diamante power plant. The IQNET
Certificate, which is valid in 27
countries, guarantees that the
Operations and Maintenance
activities performed by Colombia
Energy Operators S.A. comply with
the International Standards of the
ISO 9002 Quality System.
Participants at the ceremony
included the President, the Quality
Programs Manager and the
Administrative Manager of Wartsila
NSD Operations, Inc.
 At this moment, the Colombia
Energy Operators S.A. team is close
to completing implementation of
the ISO 14001 Environmental
Management System. The
experience of Colombia Energy
Operators S.A. and all the associated
documentation will be used by
Wärtsilä NSD Operations Group as
a guide when implementing ISO
9002 in all plants under their
operation. n

Author: Gustavo Fierro P.

Plant Manager
Colombia Energy Operators S.A.

Today, Cementos Diamante of maintained under internationally

Ibagué can rest assured, with the recognized procedures as an
certificate as its guarantee, that the integral part of the Quality
power plant is being operated and Assurance Program.

Energy News - 23
 Inside view – underground storage of natural gas
Reciprocating compressors in natural
gas underground storages in Germany
During the past decade natural gas increased in
importance as a source of prime energy. The
exploration of new gas fields and expansion of the
natural gas grid in many countries has generated
thousands of applications for compressors.
Pipelines are often run with turbo compressors,
whereas reciprocating compressors are almost
exclusively used for gathering, gas lifting and
re-injection close to the well. Underground storages,
however, are normally not located close to the well or
along the gas transportation route. Instead, they are
usually close to the consumer and are run using
reciprocating compressors. Underground storages
balance seasonal demand for gas (day/night and/or
winter/summer).
Compressors for
natural gas storage
Natural gas is stored in intermediate storage facilities to
increase the security of supply and also to balance gas
supply as consumption varies. The gas is injected into
natural gas-tight geological formations or into artificially
constructed caverns. When required, the gas is released
from the storage and fed into the gas grid.
Natural gas storages are typically former oil and gas
fields, aquifers (similar geological formations, but filled
with water) and salt caverns especially made for the
storage of natural gas.
Seasonal fluctuation (summer/ winter) and peak
consumption are the critical reference figures when
operating a natural gas storage. The ideal economic
target is constant gas purchasing over a year and 100 %
use of the storage at the end of the period. The ability
7.10 4.11 2.12 30.12 27.1 24.2 24.3 21.4 19.5
Fig. 1 Comparison between gas delivery and gas
demand.
24 - Wärtsilä NSD
to reach this target depends on the accuracy of the
consumption forecast and is limited by the existing
supply reserve. Injecting and withdrawing equipment
must have a very high degree of flexibility in order to
avoid further operational limitations. Only under these
conditions can the storage be operated close to actual
demand.
The liberalization of the gas market is now creating
added scope for applications besides the need for
natural gas storage, which is always related to the
individual providers and their areas. The use of free
capacity in another grid, independent of actual
consumption and spot trading of gas, only makes sense
if storage capacities can be utilized. In this case varying
supply prices can be used to generate added value.
Maximum storage pressures vary between 100 bar
and 320 bar and they are fixed by the depth and the
geological conditions. Equally invariable are the
minimum storage pressures, between 40 bar and 120
bar, which must also comply with the conditions in the
field or the salt cavern.
Following the line for gas consumption related to the
line for gas supply, periods of excess gas (=injection)
show up as well as periods of additional demand
(=withdrawal). The amount of deviation determines the
necessary rates of injection or withdrawal.
Operational requirements
of compressors
The operational requirements for the injection and
withdrawal units can be fixed based on the above
parameters. The injection equipment mainly consists of
filters, a flow measuring device, gas compressor, gas
cooler and separator. In this article, however, we
consider only the design data of the compressor.
Gas demand
The injection rates mentioned will be viewed in
Gas delivery
connection with the suction pressures – given by the
supply pipeline – and the necessary redundancy. Based
on a safety factor of at least 2 x 50 % for availability,
compressors in a natural gas storage will have the
following typical design criteria:
Suction pressure . . . . . . . 40 – 85 bar
(pipeline pressure)
16.6 14.7 11.8
Discharge pressure . . . . . 50 – 320 bar
(storage pressure)
3
Flow rate . . . 12,000 – 200,000 m (Vn)/h

Fig. 2 Typical natural gas underground storage.
The following operational conditions must be
considered in order to select the optimum compressor:
• The compressor must be designed to compress the
available excess volume under pipeline pressure up
to the actual storage pressure.
• The compressor works non-continuously. It will run
for long periods in the summer, but short injection
periods will be necessary when gas consumption is
low, for instance at weekends.
• The annual operating hours are about 2000 hrs, ie.
the availability of the equipment must be guaranteed
for 6000 hrs.
Flensburg
Rostock
Lübeck
Hamburg
Bremen
• The compressors must be designed for different gas
compositions and for the permissible level of
impurities.
• Since the investment costs of the compressor unit
and the related energy costs for the injection of the
gas make up a considerable proportion of the total
investment, the main criteria for purchasing the
compression equipment are the procurement costs
and the economic operation of the compressors.
Given these criteria 38 out of 41 natural gas storages in
Germany are provided with reciprocating compressors.
Turbo compressors are used in only three larger storage
locations. The reason for the much higher population of
reciprocating compressors in natural gas storage is
given by the advantages and disadvantages of the
machines themselves.
Advantages:
• The actual pressure ratio arises automatically without
any additional control.
• The flow rate can be controlled exactly according to
the operators’ requirements.
• Partload operation is economically possible.
• The compressors can easily be maintained in
stand-by operation.
• Reciprocating compressors are lower in price than
turbo units for the same pressure ratios and flow
rates.
Disadvantages:
• Pulsation in the gas stream
• Lubricants in the gas
• Gas leaks.

Specification and offers

Hannover Berlin
Natural gas is defined by giving either a gas
composition or a description of the gas with the limits
of fluctuation and the associated components. The
Kassel Leipzig
compressor itself will be defined mainly by fixing the
Dresden suction and discharge pressures and the required flow.
The definition of a clear design point will be the basis
for the compressor selection and for future guarantees.
Frankfurt

Würzburg Area Design

Nürnberg Suction pressure bar, a 30 - 85 50
Suction temperature, °C 5 - 25 10
Discharge pressure bar, a 70 - 180 180
Stuttgart
Flow rate, Nm3/h 50,000
Control range, % 25 – 100
Munich
Freiburg Lubrication Mini lube
Leak rate, Nm3/h <4
Prime mover Electric motor/gas engine

Fig. 3 Underground gas storages in Germany. Fig. 4 Example of specification

Energy News - 25
 Inside view – underground storage of natural gas
A B C
A prime mover (electric motor or gas engine) and a
Design Boxer Boxer Boxer
pre-selected rotating speed are also sometimes required.
No. of stages 1 1 2
The demands for control, lubrication, low emissions
No. of cylinders 4 6 4
from leaking and low residual pulsation form the basic Rotating speed 1000 750 420
requirements for the size and type of compressor. Power 2000 2200 2300
Additional requirements and features will depend on No. of valves 32 48 24
each project and the experience of the owner. Capacity control Bypass Valve unloading Valve unloading
and bypass
Based on this data Wärtsilä Compression Systems
Performance 90 % 100 % 105 %
selects the most suitable machine from the portfolio and Dimensions 8x4 10 x 4 8x5
the most economical compressor taking into Weight 45 55 50
consideration the customer’s specification. Price 100 % 115 % 125 %
Calculation of the total scope of supply will give the
Fig. 5 Table of possible data
sales price. The compressor unit will normally be
offered as a package so the bare shaft compressor often
makes up only approx. 20 % of the total price.
The multitude of possible solutions available with these
Finally the most economical solution will be
compressors also demonstrates their adaptability to the
determined based on how accurately the compressor
ever changing conditions of the market. It is very
manufacturer can fulfil the customer’s specification.
important to make use of the existing potential and at
The example chosen showed the following offers:
the same time to avoid costly accessories and designs
The result shows different solutions for the same
which are not required in the operation of natural gas
task. All the alternatives in common are based on
storage plants at all.
composing available standard accessories.

Evaluation
• Costs for compressor
When evaluating the various offers the customer’s
• Costs for prime mover
essential criteria were considered and weighted in
• Costs for armatures
importance. The following ranking will show as an
• Costs for pipelines
example that the selection is based mainly on
• Costs for instrumentation
operational and economic factors. The specific design
• Costs for control system
criteria of the offer only indirectly influence the
• etc.
evaluation criteria.
Fig. 6 The various costs of a compressor unit.
Covering of working area 10 %
Efficiency at design and at part load 7% To offer gas consumers a safe and cost-efficient gas
Flow control range 8%
Smoothness of running; pulsation 5%
supply, suppliers must make use of all opportunities to
Accessories 3% purchase their gas under optimum conditions to keep
Lifetime 5% their own market shares. This can only be done by
Spare parts, spare part costs 5%
using storage capacities in a flexible way. One
Leakage rate 3%
Lube oil consumption 4% interesting option for small companies might be
Maintenance intervals 5% common rental of a storage area which can be operated
Service 10 % independently. The more the market is deregulated, the
References installed 5%
higher the demand for storage space will become. It is
Price 30 %
also likely that existing injection capacities will be
When evaluating the price, the purchase costs stated in increased in order to be able to inject available gas at
the offer are considered as well as indirect expenditure short notice. This market worldwide offers Wärtsilä
such as construction volumes, size of necessary Compression Systems excellent sales potential for gas
foundations and technical equipment for the building. engine driven compressors. n

Author: Siegmund Cierniak

Summary
Vice President
Reciprocating compressors are ideally suited to meeting
Wärtsilä Compression Systems
the requirements for operating a natural gas storage.

26 - Wärtsilä NSD
 What's New?

Changes within the Top Management

of Wärtsilä NSD Corporation
Business Area Power Plants
The current head of Wärtsilä NSD Corporation’s Business Area
Power Plants, Mr Stefan Fant (Eng.) has been appointed Vice
President, Service from August 1, 2000. Mr Fant will be
responsible for integration of O&M and Service activities within the
company.
Mr Pekka Ilvonen, 46, MSc (Eng.) MBA has been appointed Group
Vice President, Power Plants and a member of the Board of
Management of Wärtsilä NSD Group from August 1, 2000. Pekka
Ilvonen, currently Vice President of Systems Group in ABB Industry
Oy, brings over 20 years of experience in global project related
business.
Technology
Mr Daniel Paro BSc (Eng.), who has headed Research &
Development within Wärtsilä NSD for many years, will as of 15
July, 2000, from a technology standpoint take responsibility for the
launch of Wärtsilä NSD´s new-generation smokeless engines.
Professor Matti Kleimola, 54, Lic.Tech. has been appointed
Group Vice President, Technology and a member of Wärtsilä
NSD´s Board of Management from 15 July, 2000. Mr Kleimola is
currently professor of internal combustion engine technology at
Helsinki University of Technology, where he previously held the
chair of machine design.
Both Business Area Heads will be located at the Wärtsilä NSD
headquarters in Helsinki. n

Owners split Cummins Wärtsilä operations

The operations of Cummins Wärtsilä, a 50/50 joint venture owned
by Wärtsilä NSD and Cummins Engine Company, have been
divided between the owners.
“The Cummins Wärtsilä joint venture has developed two
families of new-generation heavy duty high-speed diesel and gas
engines and brought them to market. Now that these engines
have been introduced, both parent companies have decided to
focus on the engines which best suit their core business. In this
way synergy benefits will be achieved to improve efficiency and
profitability from the current unsatisfactory level,” stated Mr Ole
Johansson, President and CEO of Wärtsilä NSD.
Wärtsilä NSD has taken over the manufacture, global sales and
service of the CW200 and 220 engines (now Wärtsilä 200 and
Wärtsilä 220SG), as well as the factory in Mulhouse, France, which
produces the engines. The corresponding responsibilities for the
CW 170 and 180 engines have been transferred to Cummins,
along with the factory in Daventry, England. The global service for
the engines manufactured by the joint venture’s predecessor, The new Wärtsilä NSD France
SACM Diesel, as well as manufacturing and service of the UDX The new Wärtsilä NSD France is focusing on systems supply,
and Poyaud engines in Surgères, have been transferred to manufacturing and service of Wärtsilä 200SG diesel and
Wärtsilä NSD. The split was based on the net asset value of the Wärtsilä 220SG gas engines and on the UDX engines. It also has
respective businesses on 31 December 1999. service responsibility for the SACM/ Poyaud, Crepelle and Sulzer
Wärtsilä NSD and Cummins Engine Company formed the Z40 range of engines. The installed 13,500 MW engine base
Cummins Wärtsilä joint venture in 1995 to develop and provides a sound foundation for the service business. In addition,
manufacture the CW170 and CW200 high-speed engine families. the company is responsible for sales
The scope of the joint venture was expanded in 1997 to include and service of all Wärtsilä NSD engines
marketing, sales, engineering and service. and systems for France and
To achieve synergy benefits the Mulhouse and Surgères Francophone markets. The main units
activities have been merged into Wärtsilä NSD France, creating a of the company are in Mulhouse,
new entity headquartered in Mulhouse. Cummins Wärtsilä’s own Surgères and Mantes. The new Wärtsilä
sales and service distribution has mainly been integrated into NSD France’s pro forma net sales in
Wärtsilä NSD’s global network. 1999 were approximately EUR 260
The operations transferred to Wärtsilä NSD will generate net million and it has 1060 employees. The
sales of approximately EUR 133 million this year and have president of the new company is Mr
approximately 830 employees. This represents approximately Clas-Eirik Strand. n
two-thirds of the business volume of Cummins Wärtsilä.

Energy News - 27
 What's New?

Cogen takes off at Detroit airport

A major US airport is turning on to the benefits of cogeneration
with the installation of an industrial plant to supply heat and power
to the complex.
Wärtsilä NSD has recently received the order, through its US
cooperative venture with Cummins Power Generation America,
Combined Energy Systems (CES), for a 17.2 MW Pure Energy radiators, catalysts for CO and VOC control, silencers, switchgear,
plant, for the new $1.2bn Midfield Terminal at Detroit Metro neutral grounding resistors, and purge and explosion venting.
Airport. The Metro’s continuing expansion means a reliable, Detroit Metro is an international airport serving the upper
on-site power supply far more mid-west region and the city
efficient and profitable than Detroit of Detroit. Electricity and hot
electricity from the grid. water will be supplied primarily
The new plant will provide for to the Northwest Airlines
Midfield Terminal’s energy needs Expansion by the energy
and supports the US Department of service company, Metro Energy
Energy’s commitment to double the
amount of combined heat and
U.S.A. LLC, which will also be able to sell
any excess power to the national
power usage in America by 2010. grid.
Part of a public-private partnership As the airport is accessible to the
between Wayne County, MI and Northwest public and in constant use, CES must
Airlines, the Midfield Terminal project is in the ensure the Pure Energy plant meets airport
midst of a five-year design and construction process. appearance and line-of-sight requirements
When it opens in late 2001, it will rank among the world’s finest for the control tower. Fitting all the systems
air facilities. has proved to be a challenge, given the limited space available.
Wärtsilä’s Pure Energy plant, supplied by CES, will include The Pure Energy plant will be commissioned at the end of
3 x Wärtsilä 18V34SG gas engine gensets with hot water recovery September 2000. n
units. Auxiliary equipment will comprise of piping module,

Diesel plant orders highlight Indian success

Two new IPP Power Master plant orders have highlighted Wärtsilä number of roads and bridges strengthened to ensure safe
NSD’s continuing success in India. delivery.
A 107 MWe power plant for the Balaji Power Corporation Pvt. The US$70 million EPC Samalpatti contract will be completed
Ltd is underway in the Indian district of Madurai. in spring 2001. A huge shortfall in capacity has been the
Wärtsilä NSD is supplying the power plant on a turnkey main reason behind these two new-build projects. The
basis. The 7 x Wärtsilä 18V46 engines are being gap between supply and demand in the Tamil Nadu state
shipped from Finland, along with the necessary is approximately 12 %. n
auxiliary equipment.
When completed, the Power Master plant,
based in Tamil Nadu state, will supply
electricity to the local grid. The almost US$70
million EPC contract is scheduled for
completion in autumn 2001. India
Meanwhile, Wärtsilä NSD is also supplying
another Power Master plant to the town of
Samalpatti, also in Tamil Nadu.
This 106 MWe plant, built for the Samalpatti Power Madurai, Tamil Nadu
Company Private Limited, is similarly based on 7 x
Wärtsilä 18V46 diesel engines. Wärtsilä in Finland is
supplying the generating sets, plus auxiliaries, whilst
the company’s Indian subsidiary will construct the
powerhouse and supply tanks and pipes for the project.
Overseas supply of the engines for both projects has
meant careful planning of land transportation in India, with a

28 - Wärtsilä NSD
96 MW Power Master to El Salvador
Duke Energy International has recently signed a contract with
Wärtsilä NSD to supply a 96 MW Power Master heavy fuel plant to
Generadora Acajutla, west of the city of Acajutla in El Salvador.
Acajutla is located on the coastal plain in the western part of El
Salvador and the Generadora Acajutla site is two kilometres from
the Port of Acajutla, the largest port in El Salvador.
In mid-1999, Duke Energy International (DEI) was the
successful bidder in the international tender for the thermal power
generating assets of the Salvadorian utility,
Comisión de Energía Eléctrica del Río Lempa (CEL),
located in Acajutla. As part of its privatization
program, CEL has privatized its distribution and
thermal generation assets.
DEI will expand the 200 MW
generating capacity at Generadora
Acajutla by 96 MW to meet the region’s
El Salvador
10 % annual growth in electricity demand
with a Wärtsilä NSD Power Master plant.
This will result in the most efficient and
lowest thermal power generation cost in Generadora Acajutla
El Salvador.
On 27 January 2000 Wärtsilä NSD affiliates signed separate
supply contracts and a construction contract for the 96 MW
Power Master power plant with Generadora Acajutla. The facility
will consist of six Wärtsilä 18V46 generating sets together with an
electrical substation to step the voltage up to 115 kV. The EPC
contract called for 48 MW of power in seven months and 96 MW
of power in nine months. The plant complies with the
Environmental Impact Study (EIS) made according to the World
Bank 1998 Guidelines.
DEI, a wholly owned subsidiary of Duke Energy with assets
valued at approximately $30 billion, is one of the world’s leading
international energy companies. It offers
energy trading and marketing, risk
management, natural gas and power
development expertise and operations
services across Latin America,
Asia-Pacific and Europe. Within Latin
America, DEI’s energy portfolio includes
nearly 3460 gross megawatts of hydro
and thermal power generation, 125 miles
of natural gas pipeline, 245 miles of electrical transmission, and
energy trading and marketing activities in Argentina, Belize, Brazil,
Ecuador, El Salvador and Peru.
Wärtsilä NSD appreciates the opportunity to supply such a
facility to DEI and looks forward to a long and fruitful relationship
with one of the world’s leading international energy companies. n

Who's New?

Appointments
Wärtsilä NSD Finland Oy
Mr Tore Björkman was appointed Area
Director with Finland, Russia and Eastern
Europe as his area of responsibility on 1
March 2000. He has previously worked as
Director, Power Project Development,
Middle East and Africa at Wärtsilä
Development and Financial Services, and
before this he was Managing Director of
Wärtsilä NSD Pakistan Ltd.
Wärtsilä Development &
Financial Services Oy
Mr Jussi Heikkinen has been appointed
Vice President as of 1 February 2000. He
will be responsible for developing the
Energy Services business concentrating on
selling total energy solutions to industrial
customers. Mr Heikkinen will be based in
Helsinki. He has previously worked as Area
Director for Eastern Europe.
Jussi Heikkinen has also been appointed
Managing Director of Power Partners Oy, a
joint venture company between Wärtsilä
Development & Financial Services Oy and
MeritaNordbanken. PPO provides a vehicle
for the leasing of equipment manufactured
by Wärtsilä NSD Corporation.
Wärtsilä NSD Nederland Tore Björkman Jussi Heikkinen
Mr Ronald Westerdijk was appointed
Area Sales Manager with the Benelux
countries, Germany and Denmark as his
area of responsibility on 1 February 2000.
He has previously worked as Area Sales
Manager for the gas engine market in the
USA.
Mr Mikael Backman was appointed Area
Sales Manager, North America on 1
Ferruary 2000. He was previously Project
Manager at Wärtsilä NSD Nederland B.V.
Ron Westerdijk Mikael Backman

Energy News - 29
 Wärtsilä NSD Corporation Worldwide
ARGENTINA
Wärtsilä NSD Argentina S.A.
Cerrito 836 1st floor of 25
1010 Capital Federal
Tel: ..............................+54 11 4816 4131
Fax: .............................+54 11 4816 4135
AUSTRALIA
Wartsila NSD Australia Pty Ltd.
48 Huntingwood Drive
Huntingwood, NSW 2148
Tel:.............................+61 (0)2 9672 8200
Fax:............................+61 (0)2 9672 8585
Wärtsilä NSD Australia Pty Ltd.
109 Broadway , Bassendean WA 6054
Tel:.............................+61 (0)8 9377 3337
Fax:............................+61 (0)8 9377 3338
BANGLADESH
Wärtsilä NSD Bangladesh Ltd.
Summit Centre (4th floor)
18 Kawran Bazar C/A
Dhaka - 1215
Tel: ................................+880 2 912 1111
Fax: ...............................+880 2 811 3124
BRAZIL
Wärtsilä NSD do Brasil Ltda.
Av. Rio Branco, 116/12 andar
Centro - Rio de Janeiro 20040-001
Tel:.............................+55 (0)21 505 6562
Fax:............................+55 (0)21 505 6572
CANADA
Wärtsilä NSD Canada Inc.
50 Akerley Boulevard, Unit 11
Burnside Industrial Park, Dartmouth
(Halifax), Nova Scotia B3B 1R8
Tel: ................................+1 902 4681 264
Fax: ...............................+1 902 4681 265
CHILE
Wärtsilä NSD Chile Ltda.
Nueva de Lyon 96, Oficina 305,
Providencia Santiago
Tel:...............................+56 (0)2 2325 031
.................................2325 469, 2325 608
Fax:..............................+56 (0)2 2328 754
Wärtsilä NSD Chile Ltda.
Desiderio García, Manzana C
Sitio 23-A, Barrio Industrial, Iquique
Tel:...............................+56 (0)57 415 226
Fax:..............................+56 (0)57 414 731
Wärtsilä NSD Chile Ltda.
Autopista 5980, Talcahuano
Tel:..............................+56 (0) 41 421 561
Fax:.............................+56 (0) 41 420 229
CHINA
Wärtsilä NSD (China) Ltd.
Room 4201, Hopewell Centre
183 Queen´s Road East
Wanchai, Hong Kong
Tel: .................................+852 2528 6605
Tlx: ...................................72571 wdhk hx
Fax: ................................+852 2885 7544
Wartsila NSD (China) Ltd.
Hong Kong Service Station
Shop No. 1, Ground Floor
5 A Kung Ngam Village Road
Shau Kei Wan, Hong Kong
Tel: .................................+852 2750 3880
Fax: ................................+852 2750 3669
Wärtsilä NSD Shanghai Repr. Office
Unit A, 13 A/F Jiu Shi Xin Mansion 918
Huai Hai Road (M)
Shanghai 200020, P.R. China
Tel:...........................+86 (0)21 6415 5218
Fax:..........................+86(0) 21 6415 5868
Wärtsilä NSD Beijing Repr. Office
Room 2505, CITIC Building
19 Jianguomenwal Dajie,
100004 Beijing, P.R. China
Tel:...........................+86 (0)10 6593 1842
Fax:.........................+86 (0) 10 6593 1843
Wärtsilä NSD Dalian repr. office
Room 815-816 Furama Hotel
No. 60 Ren Min Road, Dalian 116001
Tel: ..........................+86-(0)411-2822 100
Fax: .........................+86-(0)411-2804 455
Wärtsilä NSD Panyu Service Station
Lian Hua Shan, Guaranteed
Processing Zone, 511440 Panyu,
Guangdong P.R China
Tel:..........................+86 (0)20 848 66 241
Fax:.........................+86 (0)20 848 66 240
30 - Wärtsilä NSD
Wärtsilä NSD Wuhan Repr. Office Wärtsilä NSD Finland Oy Wärtsilä NSD India Ltd.
Representative Office Stålarminkatu 45, P.O.Box 50 Paul Commercial Complex, 5th Floor,
Room 1501-02, Deng Yue Building 20810 Turku Ajai Square,Wurdha Road
314 Xin Hua Road, Wuhan, Tel..............................+358 (0)2 264 3111 Nagpur 440015
Hubei 430022, P.R. China Fax.............................+358 (0)2 264 3169 Tel: ............... +91 (0)712 224291/224294
Tel:............................+86 (0)27 57 83 530 Fax: .......................... +91 (0)712 224 226
Fax:...........................+86 (0)27 57 83 033 FRANCE
Wärtsilä NSD Taiwan Ltd. Wärtsilä NSD France INDONESIA
3F-2, No 111 Sung Chiang Road 1, rue de la Fonderie, B.P. 1210 PT Wärtsilä NSD Indonesia
(Boss Tower Building), Taipei, F-68054 Mulhouse Cedex P.T. Stowindo Power
Taiwan R.O.C. Tel:............................+33 (0)3 89 666 868 Cikarang Industrial Estate
Tel:.............................+886 (0)2 515 2229 Tlx: ...........................................881 699 F Jl. Jababeka XVI, Kav. W-28
Fax:............................+886 (0)2 517 1916 Fax:...........................+33 (0)3 89 666 830 Cikarang 17530, Bekasi, Jawa Barat
Wärtsilä NSD France S.A. Tel. ................................+62 21 893 7654
Wärtsilä NSD Taiwan Ltd. 28, Boulevard Roger Salengro Fax. ...............................+62 21 893 7655
Kaoshiung Service Station, 11F-1,
78200 Mantes-la-Ville, B.P.1224
502 Chiu Ru 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 78202 Mantes-la-Jolie Cedex IRELAND
R.O.C. Tel:..........................+33 (0)1 34 78 88 00 Wartsila NSD Ireland Ltd.
Tel:............................ +886 (0)7 392 8075 Tlx: ............................................696922 F Dublin Executive Office Center
Fax:............................+886 (0)7 392 8083 Fax:..........................+33 (0)1 34 78 88 03 Red Cow, Naas Road, Dublin 22
Wärtsilä NSD France S.A. Tel: ................................+353 1 459 5668
COLOMBIA Etablissement de la Méditerranée Fax: ...............................+353 1 459 5672
Wärtsilä NSD Colombia S.A. R.N. 8-Les Baux, F-13420 Gémenos
ITALY
Avenida 19 # 118-30 Oficina 607 Tel:............................+33 (0)4 42 320 606
Edificio Centro de Neqocios Tlx: ............................................400661 F Wärtsilä NSD Italia S.p.A.
Santafe de Bogotá, Sur America Fax:...........................+33 (0)4 42 320 666 Bagnoli della Rosandra 334
Tel:...............................+57 (0)1 621 5705 Wärtsilä NSD France S.A. I-34018 Trieste
.................................621 5813, 621 6246 Etablissement du Nord Tel: ..............................+39 040 319 5000
Fax:..............................+57 (0)1 616 8466 Z.I.A. Rue de Lorival, BP 411, Fax: ...............................+39 040 827 371
F-59474 Seclin Wärtsilä NSD Italia S.p.A.
CYPRUS Tel:............................+33 (0)3 20 625 800 Via Nazario Sauro, 5, 20068 Canzo di
Wärtsilä NSD Cyprus Ltd. & Tlx: .......................................... 110818 F Peschiera Borromeo (Milano)
Wärtsilä NSD Mediterranean Ltd. Fax:...........................+33 (0)3 20 327 147 Tel: ................................+39 02 553 9061
Rebecca Court, 2nd Floor Fax: .............................+39 02 553 90639
1 Promachon Eleftherias, Ayios Athanasios GERMANY
4103 Limassol Wärtsilä NSD Deutschland GmbH IVORY COAST
Tel:..................................+357-5-322 620 Schlenzigstrasse 6, 21107 Hamburg Wartsila NSD ACO
Fax:.................................+357-5-314 467 Tel:...............................+49 (0)40 751 900 17, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie
Fax:.........................+49 (0)40 751 901 90 Zone 4A, Abidjan
DENMARK Wärtsilä Compression Systems GmbH Tel:.......................+225 351 876, 350 351
Wärtsilä NSD Danmark A/S Saatwinkler Damm 44-46 Tlx:.....................................42226 sacm ci
Jens Munksvej 1, P.O.Box 67 D-13627 Berlin Fax: ....................................+225 351 506
DK-9850 Hirtshals Tel: ................+49 (0)30 346 7060, 70620
Tel: ..................................+45 99 569 956 Fax:..........................+49 (0)30 346 70622 JAPAN
Fax: .................................+45 98 944 016 Wartsila Diesel Japan Co. Ltd.
GREECE Kobe Yusen Bldg. 1-1-1, Kaigan-dori
Wärtsilä NSD Danmark A.S. Wärtsilä NSD Greece Chuo-ku, Kobe 650
Akseltrov 8, 1st Floor 4, Loudovikou Square, GR-185 31 Tel:.............................+81 (0)78 392 5333
DK-1554 Kopenhagen V Piraeus, P.O.Box 860 12, Fax:............................+81 (0)78 392 8688
Tel: ..................................+45 33 454 133
GR-185 03 Piraeus Wartsila Diesel Japan Co. Ltd.
Fax: .................................+45 33 454 133 Tel:.................+30 1 413 54 50, 413 5582
Binary Kita-Aoyama Bldg, 8F, 3-6-19,
Wärtsilä NSD Danmark A/S Tlx: ......................212568 241006 nava gr
Kita-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107
Hækken 3, 6700 Esjberg Fax: .................................+30 1 4117 902
Tel:.............................+81 (0)3 3486 4531
Tel: .................................+45 75 13 33 00 Fax:............................+81 (0)3 3486 4153
Fax: ................................+45 75 13 35 75 INDIA
Wärtsilä NSD India Ltd.
KENYA
ECUADOR 76, Free Press House
Nariman Point Wärtsilä NSD Eastern Africa Ltd.
Wartsila NSD del Ecuador S.A. House of Vanguard, Fuji Plaza
Av. 12 de Octubre 2000 y Gral.Salazar Mumbai 400 021
Tel:.............................+91 (0)22 281 5601 Chiromo Road, Westlands, Nairobi
Edif. Plaza 2000, Piso 8, Quito Tel: ...................+254-2-446 985, 446 986
Fax:............................+91 (0)22 284 0427
Tel: ..................................+593 2 235 130 Fax:.................................+254-2-446 719
Fax: .................................+593 2 235 110 Wärtsilä NSD India Ltd.
48, Neco Chambers, Sector 11
KOREA
FINLAND CBD Belapur, New Mumbai 400 614 Wärtsilä NSD Korea Ltd.
Tel: ............+91 (0)22 757 5361, 757 5371
Wärtsilä NSD headquarters: Noksan Bldg. 6th Fl.
Tlx:.................................11 83078 helm in 50-11 Yonggang-dong, Mapo-Gu
Wärtsilä NSD Corporation
Wärtsilä Development & Fax:.............................+91 (0)22 7575177 Seoul 121-070
Wärtsilä NSD India Ltd.
Financial Services Oy Tel: .............................+82 2 3272 8032-5
Power Partners Oy 24, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi - 110049
Fax: ...............................+82 2 3272 8036
John Stenbergin ranta 2, P.O.Box 196 Tel: .........................+91 (0)11 625 1105-8
Fax:............................+91 (0)11 625 1109 Wärtsilä NSD Korea Ltd.
00531 Helsinki Hyangki Bldg. 4th Fl., 509-20,
Tel:.............................+358 (0)9 709 5600 Wärtsilä NSD India Ltd.
Jaesong-dong, Haeundae-Gu
Fax: .........+358-(0)9 709 5700 (Corporate) Lakshimi Chambers, 30, Anna Salai Pusan 612-050
Fax: ...........................+358 (0)9 709 5710 Saidapet, Chennai 600015
Tel: .............................+82 51 783 9015/6
(WDFS & Power Partners) Tel: .......................+91 (0)44 230 1080-88
Fax: ...........................+91-(0)44-230 0477 Fax: ...............................+82 51 783 9017
Wärtsilä NSD Corporation
Wärtsilä NSD Finland Oy Wärtsilä NSD India Ltd. MEXICO
B Wing, 6th Floor, Rama Bhavan Complex,
Wärtsilä Development & Wartsila NSD de Mexico S.A.
Financial Services Oy Kodialbail, Mangalore 575 003 Guillermo Gonzalez Camarena
Wärtsilä NSD Operations Ltd. Tel:...............+91 (0)824 441 722/444 577 #1100 S Piso
Järvikatu 2-4, P.O.Box 244 Fax:............................+91 (0)824 443 556 Col Centro Ciudad de Santa Fe
65101 Vaasa Wärtsilä NSD India Ltd. Mexico D.F. 01210
Tel:....................................+358 (0)6 3270 11, Circuit House Bihar Area (North) Tel: ...................................+525 570 9200
Fax: ...........................+358 (0)6 317 1906 Jamshedpur 831 001, Fax: ..................................+525 570 9201
Tel:..............................+91 (0)657 427086
(Technology & Manufacturing)
Wärtsilä NSD India Ltd. THE NETHERLANDS
Fax: ...........................+358 (0)6 327 1771
Flat No 302, 3rd Floor, Oxford Plaza, Wärtsilä NSD Nederland BV
(Power Plants headquarters)
9-1-129/1 Sarojini Devi Road, Hanzelaan 95, 8017 JE Zwolle
Fax: ...........................+358 (0)6 327 1757
Secunderabad 500 003 P.O.Box 10608, 8000 GB Zwolle
(Operations & WDFS) Tel: .......................+91 (0)40 7715383/4/5 Tel:.............................+31 (0)38 425 3253
Wärtsilä NSD Finland Oy Tlx:.....................................4256802 iftk in Fax:............................+31 (0)38 425 3973
Tarhaajantie 2, P.O.Box 252 Fax:.............................+91 (0)40 7715377
65101 Vaasa Wärtsilä NSD India Ltd. NORWAY
Tel.....................................+358 (0)6 3270 East Anglia House, 3 C, Camac Street Wärtsilä NSD Norway AS
Fax: .....+358 (0)6 356 9133 (Power Plants) Calcutta 700 016 N-5420 Rubbestadneset
Fax: ..............+358 (0)6 356 9155 (Service) Tel:.................+91 (0)33 245830/2269567 Tel: .................................+47 53 42 25 00
Fax:...............+358 (0)6 356 7188 (Marine) Fax: ...........................+91 (0)33 249 7535 Fax: ................................+47 53 42 25 01
Wärtsilä NSD Norway AS SINGAPORE U.S.A. GHANA
Hestehagen 5 - Holter Wartsila NSD Singapore Pte Ltd. & Wartsila NSD North America Inc. Inter-Afrique Holdings Ltd.
Industriområde, N-1440 Drøbak Wärtsilä NSD Power Development 201 Defense Highway, Suite 100 Kingsway Building
Tel: ..................................+47 64 937 650 (Asia) Ltd. Annapolis, MD 21401 2nd Floor, Suite 201
Tlx: .................................................19376 14, Benoi Crescent, Singapore 629977 Tel: ................................+1 410 573 2100 45 Kwame Nkrumah Avenue, Arca
Fax: .................................+47 64 937 660 Tel: .....................................+65 265 9122 Fax: ...............................+1 410 573 2200 Tel: ..............+233 (0)21 220 896, 246 284
Fax:....................+65 265 0910, 264 3186 Wärtsilä NSD Operations, Inc. Fax:............................+233 (0)21 221 005
PAKISTAN
Wartsila NSD Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd. 201 Defense Highway, Suite 100 GUAM
SOUTH AFRICA
16-kilometer, Raiwind Road Annapolis, MD 21401 Pacific Power Resources, Inc.
Wartsila NSD (South Africa) Pty Ltd. Tel: ................................+1 410 573 2100
P.O.Box 10104, Lahore 36 Neptune Street, Paarden Eiland 238 East Marine Drive, Suite 3
Tel:..............................+92 (0)42 5418846 Fax: ...............................+1 410 573 2268 Hagátña 96910, Guam, U.S.A.
P.O.Box 356, Cape Town 7442
Fax:.............................+92 (0)42 5413481 Wartsila Development & Financial Tel: ................................+1 671 477 4030
Tel:.............................+27 (0)21 511 1230 Services Inc.
Wartsila NSD Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd. Fax: ...............................+1 671 472 4505
Fax:............................+27 (0)21 511 1412 201 Defense Highway, Suite 100,
2nd Floor, P.O.F. Liaison Offices
252 Sarwar Shaheed Road Wartsila NSD (South Africa) Pty Ltd. Annapolis, MD 21401 HAITI
Saddar, Karachi P.O.Box 7368, 8 Rooisering Street, Tel:................................+1-410-573 9750 Societe Generale De Distribution S.A.
Tel:.............................+92 (0)21 568 5734 Weltevreden Park 1715 Roodeport Fax:...............................+1-410-573 4928 (SOGED)
Fax:............................+92 (0)21 568 2797 Tel: .............................+27-(0)11475 8142 Wartsila NSD North America Inc. P.O.Box 73, 4 Route de Mais Gate
Fax: ............................+27-(0)11475 8045 2900 SW 42nd Street Port-au-Price
PERU Fort Lauderdale/Hollywood, FL 33312 Tel: ...................................+509 249 1666
Wartsila NSD del Perú S.A. SPAIN Tel: ................................+1 954 327 4700 Fax: ..................................+509 249 1660
J. Arias Aragüez 210 Wartsila NSD Ibérica S.A. Fax: ...............................+1 954 327 4773
San Antonio - Miraflores, Lima 18 Poligono Industrial Landabaso, s/n, INDIA
Wartsila NSD North America Inc. Banaras House Engineering Ltd.
Tel: ..................................+51 1 241 7030 Apartado 137, 48370 Bermeo (Viscaya)
Summit Tower LPG House
Fax: ................................+ 51 1 444 6867 Tel: ...............................+34 94 617 01 00 Eleven Greenway Plaza, Suite 2920 E-18, B-1 Extn. Mohan Co-operative
Fax: ..............................+34 94 617 01 12 Houston, Texas 77046
PHILIPPINES Industrial Area
Wartsila NSD Canarias S.L. Tel: ................................+1 713 840 0020 Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044
Wartsila NSD Philippines, Inc.
Misiones 8 (El Cebadal), Apartado 2831 Fax: ...............................+1 713 840 0009 Tel:.............................+91 (0)11 695 5070
N0.6 Diode Street,
35008 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Wartsila NSD North America Inc. Fax: ..................+91 (0)11 695 5078, 5079
Light Industry and Science Park
Bo. Diezmo, Cabuyao, Laguna Tel: ................................+34 928 467 859 1100 NW 51st Street,
Fax: ...............................+34 928 465 931 Seattle, WA 98107-5125 IRAN
Tel:...............................+63 (49) 543 0382
Tel: ...............................+1-206-784-9100 Kalajoo Company
Fax:..............................+63 (49) 543 0381 SWEDEN Apr. 302 Sayeh Bldg.
Fax: ..............................+1-206-781-5586
POLAND Wärtsilä NSD Sweden AB Wartsila NSD North America Inc. No.1409 Vali Asr Ave.
Wärtsilä NSD Polska Sp. z.o.o. Åkerssjövägen, S-461 65 Trollhättan P.O.Box 19945-583, Tehran 19677
5132 Taravella Road, Marrero
P.O.Box 920, S-461 29 Trollhättan Tel:................+98 21 204 5888, 204 3528
Al. Wilanowska 372 (New Orleans), Louisiana 70072
Tel:............................SE-46 520 42 26 00 Fax: ...............................+98 21 204 4532
02-665 Warszawa Tel: ................................+1 504 341 7201
Tel: ................................+48 22 843 8751 Tlx: .....................................42141 diesel s Tlx:.................910-290 0035 wartsila marr KUWAIT
Fax: ...............................+48 22 843 8752 Fax:...........................SE-46 520 42 27 79 Fax: ...............................+1 504 341 0426 Abdul Aziz Yousuf Al-Essa & Co. w.l.l.
PORTUGAL SWITZERLAND Wärtsilä NSD North America, Inc. P.O.Box 3562 Safat, 13036 Safat
Mt. Vernon (Manufacturing) Tel:...................+965 483 2229, 483 3051
Wartsila Diesel Motores Wärtsilä NSD Switzerland Ltd. Tlx: ....................................23576 sauid kt
(Portugal) Lda 1410 Old Highway 69 South
Zürcherstrasse 12, P.O. Box 414 Mt. Vernon, Indiana 47620 Fax: ..................................+965 484 0829
Zona Industrial Da Maia I CH-8401 Winterthur
Sector X - Lote 362, No. 43, Tel: ................................+1 812 838 9280
Tel:.............................+41 (0)52 262 4922 Fax: ...............................+1 812 838 9288 MADAGASKAR
Apartado 1415, P 4470 Maia Codex Fax:............................+41 (0)52 262 0720 Societe Malgache d´Equipements
Tel:.............................+351 (0)2 943 9720 Wärtsilä NSD North America, Inc.
Frigorifiques
Fax:............................+351 (0)2 943 9729 TURKEY 1 Blue Hill Plaza, 3rd Floor Ouest Ankadimbahoaka, Route Digue
Box 1544, P.O.Box 4395, Antanarivo
PUERTO RICO Wärtsilä NSD – Espa Dis Ticaret A.S.
Pearl River, NY 10965 Tel:..............+261 263 09, 280 93, 308 60
Spor. Cad. No. 92 Besiktas Plaza Tel: ................................+1 914 623 1212
Wärtsilä NSD Carribean Inc. Tlx: .................................................22335
A Blok Zemin Kati Besiktas Fax: ...............................+1 914 623 3385
Metro Office Park, 2 Calle 1, Suite 101
Guaynabo 00968, Puerto Rico 80610 Istanbul MOROCCO
Wärtsilä NSD North America, Inc.
Tel: ................................+1 787 792 8080 Tel: .............................+90 212 258 5516,
Harbor Cove Plaza, Suite 210 Société Salva
Fax: ...............................+1 787 792 2600 .....................................5532, 5438, 5193 29000 South Western Ave. 93 Bd de la Résistance,
Fax: .............................+90 212 258 9998 Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 21700 Casablanca
RUSSIA Tel: ................................+1 310 831 7424 Tel:...............................+212 (0)2 304 038
Wärtsilä NSD Corporation UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Fax: ...............................+1 310 831 7426 Tlx:.................................27012 SOSALVA
Representative Office Wartsila NSD Gulf FZE Fax: ...............+212 (0)2 305 717, 306 675
Wärtsilä NSD Energoservice P.O.Box 61494, Jebel Ali, Dubai VENEZUELA
Shvedsky Pereulok, 2 Tel: ..............................+971 (0)4-838 979 Wartsila NSD Venezuela PAKISTAN
191186 St.Petersburg Fax: .............................+971 (0)4-838 704 San Martin Postal 1020 Ameejee Valleejee & Sons (Ptv.) Ltd.
Tel: ................................+7 812 118 6361 Apartado Postal N20438, Caracas Ameejee Chambers, Campbell St.
..................................................118 6334 UNITED KINGDOM Tel: & Fax:..........................+58 33 214 24 P.O.Box 51, Karachi 74200
Fax: ...............................+7 812 118 6329 Wärtsilä NSD UK Ltd. Tel: .....+92 (0)21 2625492, 262, 262 7945
Wärtsilä NSD Corporation Tubs Hill House, London Road, VIETNAM Tlx:...................................27361 avsns pk
Representative Office Sevenoaks, Kent TN13 1BL Wartsila NSD Vietnam Fax:.............+92 (0)21 262 7817/2621910
Pokrovsky Bulvar, 4/17, Bldg 4B Tel:...........................+44 (0)1732 744 400 Central Plaza Office Building, 7th Floor
101000 Moscow Fax:..........................+44 (0)1732 744 420 PORTUGAL
17 Le Duan Street, Dist. 1
Tel: ................................+7 095 937 7589 Wärtsilä NSD UK Ltd. Coepro - Consultores E Engenheiros
Ho Chi Minh City Projectistas, Ltda.
Fax: ...............................+7 095 937 7590 Girdleness Trading Estate Tel: ............................+848 8 244 534, 35
Wärtsilä NSD Energoservice Praca Prof. Santos Andrea, 2,3°E
Wellington Road, Aberdeen AB11 8D8 Fax: .................................+848 8 294 891 P-1500 Lisboa
Miusskaya Square, 7, Office 119 Tel:............................+44 (0)1224 871166
Tel: .......+351 (0)21 714 1120, 1 716 0491
125811 Moscow Fax:...........................+44 (0)1224 871188
Fax:..........................+351 (0)21 715 5638
Tel: ................................+7 095 251 7819 Wärtsilä NSD UK Ltd.
Fax: ...............................+7 095 251 4364 Sunrise House, Hulley Road Representatives ST. LUCIA
Wärtsilä Vladivostok Ltd Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2LP Sure Line
Ul.Krygina, 57, Office 40-42
EGYPT
Tel:...........................+44 (0)1625 500 116 La Toc Higway
690090 Vladivostok Fax:..........................+44 (0)1625 500 117 Alarm Consulting & Contracting
P.O.Box 551, Castries
Tel: ................................+7 4232 518 500 1st Building, Flat 507, Tel: ................................+1 758 452 3415
Wärtsilä NSD UK Ltd. El Alaam City, Agouza, Giza
Fax: ...............................+7 4232 518 501 Unit 3, Millbrook Industrial Estate Fax: ...............................+1 758 452 3447
Tel: ..................................+20 2 347 1873
SAUDI ARABIA 3rd Avenue, Southampton S01 OJX Fax: .................................+20 2 303 6416
Tel:...........................+44 (0)1703 510 210 SURINAM
Wärtsilä NSD Saudi Arabia Ltd. Fax:..........................+44 (0)1703 510 310 Rudisa International
Industrial City, Phase 4, P.O.Box 2132 FRENCH POLYNESIA Galileistraat 524, Mon Plaisir
Jeddah 21451 Wärtsilä NSD UK Ltd. Poly-Diesel P.O.Box 1648, Paramaribo
Tel:.......................+966 2 637 6470, 6884 Unit 3 Jubilee Court, Hillington Industrial P.O.Box 9037, Papeete, Tahiti Tel: .........................+597 453431/453772
Fax: ...............................+966 2 637 6482 Estate, Glasgow G52 4LA Tel: .....................................+689 505 270 Fax: .....................................+597 455312
Tel:...........................+44 (0)141 810 4321 Fax: ....................................+689 427 827
SENEGAL Fax:..........................+44 (0)141 883 3846 THAILAND
Wartsila NSD West Africa S.A. Wärtsilä NSD UK Ltd. GABON International Measuring Instruments
B.P.21.861 Dakar-Ponty Units 30-31 North Field Industrial Estate Societe Gabonaise Corp. Ltd.
Km 4,5 Bd du Centenaire de la North Field Lane, Brixham De Mecaniques S.A 9/345 Phaholyotin Road, Bangkhen
Commune de Dakar South Devon TQ5 8UA P.O.Box 607, Port Gentil Bangkok 10220
Tel: .................................+221 8 32 10 26 Tel:...........................+44 (0)1803 883 830 Tel ......................................+241 752 250 Tel: ..................+66-2552 5228, 552 8262
Fax: ................................+221 8 32 10 25 Fax:..........................+44 (0)1803 882 658 Tlx:............................................8231 sgm Fax: ..................................+66-2552 8403

Energy News - 31
Product Programme
Power systems

Power Master is a 1 - 400 MW baseload power Pure Energy is a 1 - 60 MW natural gas

plant. Its multifuel capability (most fuel oils and cogeneration power plant. It burns most natural
gases), high efficiency, low emissions and proven gases with extremely low emissions and high
long-term reliability have made it a strong leader in efficiency. Aesthetic appearance and adaptable, low
its demanding market segment. noise emissions make it possible to locate the plant
in the heart of the heat load, in the middle of a city or
at industrial plant sites.

Plant net electrical efficiency (%) Total efficiency (%) Plant net electrical efficiency (%) Total efficiency (%)
Main cooling method Cogeneration Cogeneration
Prime mover Raw Cooling Radiator 8 bar Hot water 85/50°C and 8 bar
water tower steam* steam* Prime 8 bar Hot water 90/50°C
Wärtsilä 26 40.7 40.6 40.2 55 79 mover steam* and Hot water 90/50°C
8 bar steam*
Wärtsilä 32 41.7 41.6 41.2 56 79
Wärtsilä 32DF** 41.4 41.3 39.9 60 86 Wärtsilä 220SG 39.5 60 85 85
Wärtsilä 38 42.6 42.5 42.1 57 80 Wärtsilä 28SG 41.1 62 89 90
Sulzer ZA40S 42.9 42.8 42.4 57 79 Wärtsilä 34SG 41.6 62 87 88
Wärtsilä 46 43.0 42.9 42.5 57 78
* The numbers are based on: 1) 5 engine plant configuration 2) ISO 3046/I with ± 0% tolerance
Wärtsilä 64*** 51.2 51.0 – – – 3) HV losses excluded 4) *with economizer 5) 50 Hz.
The numbers are based on: 1) 5 engine plant configuration 2) ISO 3046/I with ± 0% tolerance 3) HV
losses excluded 4) *with economizer 5) fuel and lube oil heating with steam
6) ** running on gas 7)***combined cycle

Power Commodore is a 25 - 170 MW floating Power Manager load management plants cover an
baseload power plant. Its movability, short delivery output range of 1 - 30 MW. They provide rapid
time, competitive generation cost and proven starting and load pick-up, reliable operation,
long-term reliability have made it the natural choice expandability through modularity and competitive
in its market segment. energy cost for many types of varying load needs,
both industrial and utility.

Plant net electrical efficiency (%) Total efficiency (%) Plant net electrical efficiency (%) Total efficiency (%)
Cogeneration Cogeneration
Prime mover 8 bar steam* Prime 8 bar Hot water Hot water
mover steam* 85/40°C and 90/50°C
Wärtsilä 32 41.7 56 8 bar steam*
Wärtsilä 38 42.6 57 Wärtsilä 200 39.1 58 75 75
Wärtsilä 46 43.0 57 The numbers are based on: 1) 5 engine plant configuration 2) ISO 3046/I with ± 0% tolerance 3) HV
The numbers are based on: 1) 5 engine plant configuration 2) ISO 3046/I with ± 0% tolerance 3) HV losses excluded 4) *with economizer 5) 50 Hz.
losses excluded 4) *with economizer 5) fuel and lube oil heating with steam

Gas Manager contains a variety of compression

solutions for the natural gas industry. Our solution
for applications like gas gathering, underground
storage, gas processing and pipeline transmission is
a combination of Wärtsilä gas engines and Ariel
reciprocating compressors, both considered the
most modern and reliable technology on the market.

Performance optimizers

Energy Optimizer is total power plant operations and Energy Partner is a power plant service concept
maintenance management. Available for all Wärtsilä available for all Wärtsilä NSD power plants. It covers
NSD power plants; it covers all aspects of plant field and workshop services, parts, technical
operations – administrative, financial, human support, training and plant operation support. The
resources and technical – and relieves the owner of overall aim of all these activities is to minimize costs
the detailed and time consuming tasks associated and risk of interruptions by keeping the installation in
with these issues. good condition.