Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Page 1 of 20
Cerrar SIS
Pantalla anterior
Pruebas y Ajustes
416C, 426C, 428C, 436C, AND 438C BACKHOE LOADERS POWERSHIFT
Número de medio -SENR1273-00 Fecha de publicación -01/02/1998 Fecha de actualización -01/11/2007
SENR12730005
1. Move the machine to a smooth horizontal location. Move away from working machines and
personnel.
4. Permit only one operator on the machine. Keep all other personnel either away from the machine
or in view of the operator.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 2 of 20
6. Lower the buckets or implements (loader and backhoe) and stabilizers to the ground.
7. Make sure all hydraulic pressure is released before any fitting, hose or component is loosened,
tightened, removed or adjusted.
Troubleshooting can be difficult. A list of possible problems and corrections is on the pages that
follow.
This list of problems and corrections will only give an indication of where a problem can be and
what repairs are needed. Normally, more or other repair work is needed beyond the
recommendations on the list.
Remember that a problem is not necessarily caused only by one part, but by the relation of one part
with other parts. This list cannot give all possible problems and corrections. The serviceman must
find the problem and its source, then make the necessary repairs.
Always make visual checks first. Check the operation of the machine and then check with
instruments.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 3 of 20
Two-Wheel Drive
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 4 of 20
All-Wheel Drive
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 5 of 20
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 6 of 20
(A) Pressure tap for pump pressure. (B) Pressure tap location for lube pressure. (C) Pressure tap location for clutch 1
pressure. (D) Pressure tap location for the clutch 2 pressure. (E) Pressure tap location for the forward low pressure. (F)
Pressure tap location for forward high pressure. (G) Pressure tap location for clutch 3 pressure. (H) Pressure tap location
for the all-wheel drive clutch pressure. (J) Pressure tap location for the reverse clutch pressure.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 7 of 20
(B) Pressure tap location for lube pressure. (C) Pressure tap location for clutch 1 pressure.
(E) Pressure tap location for Forward Low pressure. (F) Pressure tap location for Forward High pressure.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 8 of 20
Visual Checks
For all tests, the engine must be running at LOW idle and the oil must be at normal operating
temperature.
During these checks, use a magnet to separate ferrous particles from nonferrous particles.
1. Check the oil level in the transmission. Look for air (bubbles) or water on the dipstick. Many
problems in the transmission are caused by low oil level or air in the oil. Add oil to the transmission
if it is needed.
a. Air (bubbles) is usually caused by a loose tube or damaged casting that allows air to enter
the suction side of the system along with allowing oil to leak out.
2. Check all oil lines, hoses and connections for leaks and damage. Look for oil on the ground under
the machine.
3. Move the levers for the speed control and the direction control to REVERSE and FORWARD and
all SPEED positions. The detents must be felt in each speed position. The direction control actuation
must give the same positive activation to the hydraulic control circuit for clutch engagement in both
directions.
NOTE: There is an oil filter bypass valve within the transmission oil filter. The oil filter bypass
valve will open and let oil bypass the oil filter element whenever the pressure difference between
inlet oil and outlet oil through the oil filter gets above 138 ± 14 kPa (20 ± 2 psi). Any oil that does
not go through the filter element goes directly into the hydraulic circuit. Dirty oil can cause a
restriction in valve orifices and cause valves to stick.
4. Drain the oil from the transmission case by removing the oil plug and then remove the cover plate
from lower right side of the transmission for further draining of any remaining oil. After removal of
the plate on the lower right side of the transmission case, remove and inspect the suction screen and
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 9 of 20
the bottom of the transmission case for debris. Remove and inspect the transmission oil filter for
foreign material.
Operational Checks
NOTICE
Any unusual noises during this check should be noted. Loud noises
could indicate that repairs are needed.
2. Lower the stabilizers and lift the rear wheels about 150.0 mm (6.0 in.) off the ground.
3. Place the bucket hydraulic controls in the bucket lowering position and lift the front wheels about
150.0 mm (6.0 in.) off the ground.
5. With the engine running and brakes on, move the direction control lever to the forward/reverse
position and the lever for the transmission speeds.
6. Operate the machine in each direction and in all speeds. Make note of noises that are not normal
and find their source. If the operation is not correct, make reference to the Check List During
Operation for "problems" and "probable causes".
Problem: Transmission does not operate in any speed or does not engage (slips) in all speeds.
Probable Cause:
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 10 of 20
4. Electrical failure in shift control unit, ECM or defective transmission control fuse.
Probable Cause:
Probable Cause:
Probable Cause:
a. Low oil pressure - see Oil Pressure Too Low, Probable Cause.
b. Damaged clutch.
Probable Cause:
1. A loud sound at short time periods gives an indication that foreign material is in the
transmission hydraulic system.
2. A constant loud noise is an indication of pump failure.
3. Failed or damaged suction tube.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 11 of 20
Probable Cause:
Probable Cause:
Probable Cause:
Probable Cause:
1. Low transmission oil pressure - see Oil Pressure Too Low, Probable Cause.
2. Internal (inner) oil leaks.
3. Sticking solenoids.
Probable Cause:
Troubleshooting Methods
Electrical Testing
Electrical connections between harnesses may not be tight. This can cause electrical problems, either
permanent or intermittent (come and go). Ensure that the connections at the speed solenoids, the
forward high solenoid, forward low solenoid, reverse solenoid, all-wheel drive solenoid and the all-
wheel drive switch are tight before other tests are made.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 12 of 20
Use the 6V-7070 Digital Multimeter or equivalent for making continuity checks, resistance
measurements or voltage measurements. The optional 8T-3224 Needle Tip Group for the 6V-7070,
is useful during troubleshooting. For instruction on use of the 6V-7070, see Special Instruction
SEHS7734.
NOTE: Except for harness tests, continuity testers (such as 8T-0500), or voltage testers (such as 5P-
7277) are not recommended for use on present-day Caterpillar electrical circuits.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 13 of 20
NOTICE
Proceed to the appropriate test required. When testing is completed re-install the floor plates, access
plate and floor mat to the cab.
Test 1.
Transmission Oil Pump Pressure
Procedure:
1. At pressure tap (A), use a coupler and connect a pressure gauge [4000 kPa (600 psi)] to the
nipple.
3. With the parking brake engaged, start and run the engine at LOW IDLE rpm.
4. Shift the direction control lever into the FORWARD position and with the speed shift lever in
NEUTRAL, run the engine at HIGH IDLE rpm. The pressure on the gauge must be 1450 ± 100 kPa
(210 ± 15 psi).
5. When this test is complete, reduce engine speed to LOW IDLE, place direction control lever in
NEUTRAL, stop engine and remove the test equipment.
Test 2.
Torque Converter Stall
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 14 of 20
NOTICE
Any unusual noises during this check should be noted. Loud noises
could indicate that repairs are needed.
3. Lower the stabilizers and lift the rear wheels about 150.0 mm (6.0 in.) off the ground.
4. Place the bucket hydraulic controls in the bucket lowering position and lift the front wheels about
150.0 mm (6.0 in.) off the ground.
Procedure:
1. Install the 6V-3121 Multitach Group on the engine. The 6V-3121 Multitach Group can measure
engine rpm by the use of the photo pickup and reflective tape. Special Instruction Form No.
SEHS7807 has instructions for its use.
2. With the transmission shift lever in NEUTRAL position, start and run the engine at LOW IDLE
rpm. Ensure that HIGH IDLE rpm and LOW IDLE rpm are correct according to the specifications in
the book titled "3054 Engine for Caterpillar Built Machines", Form SENR5815.
NOTICE
To make sure that the transmission oil does not get hot, do not hold the
transmission in a stall condition for more than ten seconds. After the
transmission is stalled, put the controls in NEUTRAL and run the
engine at 1200 to 1500 rpm to cool the oil.
3. With engine running at HIGH IDLE rpm, brakes fully engaged and the transmission at normal
operating temperature [59 to 71°C (138 to 160°F)], shift to FOURTH SPEED position. Shift the
direction control lever to FORWARD and stall the torque converter until converter temperature
reaches 90 to 93°C (194 to 200°F). With these conditions, stall rpm should be as per Stall RPM
Chart.
NOTE: The following torque converter stall rpm chart is based on using field fuel (#2 Diesel Fuel).
Factory fuel may cause the rpm to be lower than what is indicated in the chart.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 15 of 20
4. When the test is complete, place the direction control lever into NEUTRAL. Stop the engine and
remove test equipment.
NOTICE
Do not keep the torque converter in a stall condition for very long
periods of time. This will cause the torque converter, engine and
brakes to get hot.
Probable Cause:
a. Not enough oil in torque converter because torque converter inlet relief valve is open.
b. Failure in oil pump.
c. Failure in torque converter.
d. Bad temperature gauge. Replace temperature gauge and the sending unit.
e. Debris blocking air flow to oil cooler and/or engine cooler.
Problem 2: High idle is correct, but stall speed (rpm) is too high.
Probable Cause:
a. Engine problem.
b. Factory fuel
c. Torque converter problem.
d. Transducer.
Test 3.
Forward High, Forward Low, Clutch 1, Clutch 2, Clutch 3, Reverse Clutch
Pressure And Transmission Lubrication
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 16 of 20
a. Oil pressure to the forward high clutch, forward low clutch clutch 1, clutch 2, clutch 3 and
reverse clutch is good.
b. Oil pressure to the transmission lubrication circuit is good.
Procedure:
1. Install the 6V-3121 Multitach Group on the engine. The 6V-3121 Multitach Group can measure
engine speed (rpm) by the use of the photo pickup and reflective tape. Special Instruction Form No.
SEHS7807 has instructions for it use.
2. At pressure taps (B), (F), (G) and (J) connect a hose group to the nipple assemblies.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 17 of 20
3. At pressure tap (F), (E), (C), (D), (G) AND (J) connect a pressure gauge [4000 kPa (600 psi)] to
the hose group.
4. At pressure tap (B) connect a pressure gauge [400 kPa (60 psi)] to the hose group.
6. With the transmission gear shift lever in NEUTRAL, shift the direction control lever to 1st speed
FORWARD. The pressure on the forward low clutch gauge must be 1325 ± 225 kPa (190 ± 30 psi).
The pressure on the clutch 1 gauge must be 1375 ± 225 kPa (200 ± 30 psi). The lubrication gauge
must be 50 ± 25 kPa (10 ± 5 psi).
7. Shift the direction control lever to 2nd speed forward. The pressure on the forward high clutch
must be 1325 ± 225 kPa (205 ± 30 psi). The pressure on the clutch 1 gauge must be 1375 ± 225 kPa
(200 ± 30 psi).
8. Shift the direction control lever to 3rd speed forward. The pressure on the forward low clutch
must be 1325 ± 225 kPa (205 ± 30 psi). The pressure on the clutch 2 gauge must be 1475 ± 225 kPa
(215 ± 30 psi).
9. Now shift the direction control lever to 3rd speed REVERSE. The reverse clutch pressure must be
1325 ± 225 kPa (190 ± 30 psi). The pressure on the clutch 3 gauge must be 1475 ± 225 kPa (215 ±
30 psi).
10. When the test is complete, move the direction control lever into NEUTRAL, engage the parking
brakes and stop the engine. Remove test equipment.
Problem 1: Both forward high, and forward low clutch pressure too low.
Probable Cause:
Probable Cause:
a. Faulty solenoid.
b. Clutch piston seals bad.
c. Faulty or missing seals on input shaft.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 18 of 20
1. Move the machine to a smooth horizontal location. Move away from working machines and
personnel. Stop the backhoe loader engine.
2. Permit only one operator on the machine. Keep all other personnel either away from the machine
or in view of the operator.
3. Activate the parking brakes. Lower the buckets or implements (loader and backhoe) and
stabilizers to the ground.
Visual Checks
Before any operational checks are made to the all-wheel drive, visually inspect all components.
2. Check for oil leaks around the all-wheel drive solenoid and front drive output shaft, the
differential and the wheel planetary assemblies.
Operation Checks
An operational check can be made to quickly see if the all-wheel drive is functional.
NOTICE
Any unusual noises during this check should be noted. Loud noises
could indicate that repairs are needed.
2. Lower the stabilizers and lift the rear wheels about 150.0 mm (6.0 in.) off the ground.
3. Place the bucket hydraulic controls in the bucket lowering position and lift the front wheels about
150.0 mm (6.0 in.) off the ground.
6. Shift the transmission to first speed and note if a rear wheel or wheels rotate.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 19 of 20
7. Activate the all-wheel drive switch and note if a front wheel or wheels rotate. If the front wheel or
wheels rotate, the all-wheel drive is operational. If there is no front wheel rotation, troubleshoot the
system.
a. Electrical problem.
b. Warped or damaged clutch
c. All-wheel drive solenoid is malfunctioning, or is defective.
Troubleshooting Methods
Electrical Testing
Electrical connections between harnesses may not be tight. This can cause electrical problems, either
permanent or intermittent (come and go). Ensure that the connections at the all-wheel drive solenoid
and the all-wheel drive switch are tight before other tests are made.
Use the 6V-7070 Digital Multimeter or equivalent for making continuity checks, resistance
measurements or voltage measurements. The optional 8T-3224 Needle Tip Group for the 6V-7070,
is useful during troubleshooting. For instruction on use of the 6V-7070, see Special Instruction
SEHS7734.
NOTE: Except for harness tests, continuity testers (such as 8T-0500), or voltage testers (such as 5P-
7277) are not recommended for use on present-day Caterpillar electrical circuits.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020
428C Backhoe Loader Side Shift, Parallel Lift 2CR00001-16211 (MACHINE) PO... Page 20 of 20
Pressure Testing
The transmission case contains a clutch pack for all-wheel drive engagement. The pressure needed
for proper clutch engagement is 1575 ± 225 kPa (230 ± 30 psi).
Test Procedure
4. At normal operating temperature and with the gear shift selector in the NEUTRAL position, place
the direction control lever in the FORWARD position.
6. Read pressure at the pressure gauge. If the oil pressure is not 1575 ± 225 kPa (230 ± 30 psi), refer
to the Transmission Hydraulic System Tests.
Copyright 1993 - 2020 Caterpillar Inc. Fri Aug 21 20:15:35 EST 2020
Todos los derechos reservados.
Red privada para licenciados del SIS.
https://127.0.0.1:444/sisweb/sisweb/techdoc/techdoc_print_page.jsp?returnurl=/siswe... 21/08/2020