ºBVÔV á

ƒV[§>µ

v 1 v
 ºBVÔV á {Ï ∂§xÔD
∂Èzá1. ºBVÔV
ºBVÔD ®[√m ÷Õ]BVs_ º>V[§ k·ÏÕm kakaBVF kÚD ŒÚ kVµ¬ÁÔ
xÁ≈BVzD. x[º™VÏÔ^ Â\¬z› >Õ> ∂ˆB ÿƒ_k∫Ô”^ ºBVÔD tÔ x¬˛B\V™
ÔÁÈBVzD. ÷¬ÔÁÈl[ º>Vu≈\V™m cÆ]BVÔ ®k´VKD WÏðl¬Ô©√¶s_ÁÈ.
ºk> ÔVÈ›]uzD xu√‚¶>VÔ ºBVÔD ∂§B©√|˛≈m. ÷m c¶ÁÈ•D, c^·›Á>•D
ÂÈ\VÔ Ák›m¬ÿÔV^· c>°D. Œø¬Ô ÿ§ÔÁ·•D, √w¬Ô kw¬Ô∫ÔÁ·•D
EÕ>Á™ xÁ≈ÔÁ·•D √u§Bm. ºBVÔ›][ JÈD •Î ®[≈ ƒ\¸˛Ú>
ÿƒV_ooÚÕm ®|¬Ô©√‚¶m. ÷>uz ÷Áð>_ (∂) ºƒÏ>_ ®[Æ ÿ√VÚ^. ÷Õ>
ºBVÔ›]uz g>V´\VÔ √>fiƒo xMkˆ[ ºBVÔ Û›]´xD >ta_ ]ÚJȈ[
]Ú\Õ]´xD ∂Ω©√Á¶ ±_Ô·VÔ s·∫z˛[≈™. ÷>Á™› >s´ ∑kVt ∑kV›\V
´V\´V_ ®ø>©√‚¶ «¶ºBVÔ ∏´y¨ÁÔ, «¶´›™Vkπ, EkƒDNÁ>, Ôº¶V√W≠›,
√Ôk›ˇÁ> º√V[≈ ƒ\¸¬Ú> ±_Ô”D Œ·ÁkBVˆ[ ¿] ±_Ô”D ]Úk^”kˆ[
]Ú¬z≈”D k^·ÈVˆ[ ±_Ô”D s·∫z˛[≈™.
ºBVÔ›][ kÁ´BÁ≈, ÿ√VÚ^ ºÂV¬ÔD, >[Á\, ®_ÁÈ &ºÔV‚√V|Ô^
√V´> >›mk ÿ§Ôπ_ ÷Á≈kÁ™ ∂Á¶B c>°D ŒÚ ÿ§BVÔ ºBVÔ ÿ§
s·∫z˛≈m. \M>M[ c¶_ \uÆD c^·D ƒVÏÕ> ÿƒB_ÔÁ·•D, √w¬Ô∫ÔÁ·•D
xÁ≈©√|›>¬ÌΩB ŒÚ ∂§sBÈVÔ ºBVÔD s·∫z˛≈m. Â\¬z ºkı¶V>
yBkuÁ≈ sȬ˛ º>ÁkBV™ Â[Á\ÔÁ·fl ºƒÏ›>ºÈ ºBVÔD ®[˛≈VÏ ]ÚJÈÏ.
E›>›]oÚÕm ÿkπ©√|D ®ıð∫ÔÁ· ÿ§©√|›] E›>›Á> ∂Á\]©√|›m>ºÈ
ºBVÔD ®[˛≈VÏ √>fiƒo xMkÏ. ÿƒFk™› ]ÚÕ>fl ÿƒF ®[√º> ºBVÔD ®[˛≈VÏ
Œ·ÁkBVÏ. ÷º> ÔÚ›Á>•D √Ôk› ˇÁ>•D ko•Æ›m˛≈m. nDAÈ[ÔÁ·•D,
\™Á>•D Ô‚|©√V‚Ω_ Ák›>ºÈ ºBVÔD ®[˛≈m Ô¶ c√W¶>D. c¶_, \™D &
g[\Vs[ ŒÚ∫˛Áð©º√ ºBVÔD ®[˛≈m. «¶ºBVÔ© ∏´y∏ÁÔ.
÷Õ> s·¬Ô∫Ôπ[ JÈD c¶_ #FÁ\, \™ ∂Á\], ∂§°¬ ÌÏÁ\ ∂º>
ºÂ´›]_ >V[ (Ego) ®[≈ ∂Ô∫ÔV´D ¿∫˛lÚ›>_, ®∫zD, ®¬ÔVÈ›mD ¿¬Ô\≈
WÁ≈Õ]Ú¬zD √´Dÿ√VÚº·V| ÷ÁðÕm, Â\m ∂[≈V¶ Ô¶Á\loÚÕm E§mD
sÈÔV\_ ®Às> ®]Ï√VÏ©At[§ ÷BuÁÔºBV| ÷ÁðÕ> kVµ¬ÁÔ {‚¶º\ ºBVÔD
®[Æ Â\¬z› ÿ>πkV˛≈m.
ºBVÔ›Á> √l_√kÏ ºBV˛ (∂) ºBV˛M ®[Æ ∂Áw¬Ô©√|kÏ. ºBVÔ›][
˛Á·Ô·VÔ ´V¤ºBVÔD (∂‚¶V∫Ô ºBVÔD) ÔÏ\ºBVÔD, √¬] ºBVÔD, QV™ºBVÔD,
«¶ºBVÔD, zı¶oM ºBVÔD, ÈB ºBVÔD, \Õ]´ ºBVÔD, >Õ]´ ºBVÔD ÂV>ºBVÔD
º√V[≈Ák s·¬Ô©√|˛[≈™.

v 2 v
 Â\¬z c^”D A≈xD c^· ÷BuÁÔfl ƒ¬]ÁB Â\m √w¬Ôkw¬Ô∫Ô^ cð°
xÁ≈, ∑kVƒ {‚¶D & ]BV™›][ JÈ\VÔ Ô‚|©√|›] ÂDx^ ÿ√V]Õ]Ú¬zD
÷Á≈›>[Á\ÁB ÿkπ¬ÿÔVðÏ>ºÈ ºBVÔ›][ ºÂV¬ÔD ®[˛≈VÏ ∑kVt
sºkÔV™Õ>Ï.
>[™D∏¬ÁÔ JÈD ∑B¬Ô‚|©√V|, sa©AðÏs[ mÁðºBV| ÌΩB ]BVÔD,
∂[A¶[ ÌΩB ∂Ï©√Ë©A, ∂Á™›Á>•D Ô¶Õ> g™Õ>\V™ ÷Á≈WÁÈ >[–^
÷Ú©√Á> cðÏ›] ∂§° g˛Bku§_ ∞º>–D Œ[Á≈ºBV (∂) ÷´ıÁ¶ºBV (∂)
∂Á™›Á>•º\ √B[√|›] ÂDx^ ÿ√V]Õ]Ú¬zD (∂) \Á≈Õ]Ú¬zD
÷Á≈›>[Á\ÁB ÿkπ¬ÿÔVðÏÕm ƒx>VB›]uz ºƒÁk ÿƒFk>[ JÈD T|º√Æ
(x¬]º√Æ) ∂Á¶>ºÈ ºBVÔ›][ √B™VÔ ∑kVt sºkÔV™Õ>Ï s·¬z˛≈VÏ.
xÁ≈©√|›>©√‚¶ EÈ kÁ´xÁ≈ÔÁ·¬ ÁÔBVı| ÂDx^ ÷Ú¬zD
÷Á≈›>[Á\ÁB √B[√|›] xøÁ\ ∂Á¶kº> ºBVÔD ®[˛≈VÏ p ∂´sÕ>Ï.
÷>[JÈD ∑BÂÈ\V™ \™WÁÈ \V§ √´Õ> \™©√V[Á\ÁB k·Ï›m¬ÿÔV^·
÷BKD ®[˛≈VÏ p ∂´sÕ>Ï. ®_ÁÈBu≈ ÷[√›Á>© ÿ√≈°D cBÏÕ> \™›]≈Á™
∂Á¶B°D xBKD \M>ÏÔ‚z ºBVÔD Â[z c>°˛≈m.
\M>ÏÔ^ ŒÚkº´V| ŒÚkÏ >Ôk_ÔÁ·© √ˆ\V§¬ÿÔV^· ÿ\Va
c>°kÁ>©º√VÈ Â\m c¶KD \™mD >Ôk_ÔÁ· √ˆ\V§¬ÿÔV^· c>°D
ÿ\VaBV˛B ºBVÔD, ÷™D, ƒ\BD (\>D), º>ƒD & Ôı¶∫ÔÁ· Ô¶Õm ∂ı¶›m¶[
∏ı¶›Á>•D ŒÚ∫˛Áð¬Ô c>°k>VÔ s·∫z˛≈m.
ºBVÔD ®[√m ŒÚk´m c¶ÁÈ•D, c^·›Á>•D ∂¶¬˛BV· c>k¬ÌΩB
∂§sB_ \uÆD ÔÁÈBVzD. c¶_ k·›Á>•D, \™ k·›Á>•D º√ˬÔV¬Ô
c>°D \Vÿ√ÚD ÔÁÈBVÔ ºBVÔD s·∫z˛≈m. ÷kuÁ≈¬ Ô¶Õ> ºBVÔ©
√luEl™V_ E›] ÿ√u≈kÏÔ^ ÷BuÁÔÁB >[kB©√|›mD gu≈ÁÈ
cÁ¶BkÏÔ·VÔ s·∫˛™Ï.
ºBVÔ© √luEl™V_ ¿ı¶ g•^ ÿ√≈ xΩ•D. c^”Æ©AÔÁ· #FÁ\©√|›>
xΩ•D. koÁ\ÿ√≈fl ÿƒFB°D xΩ•D. √>fiƒo xMkÚD, ]ÚJÈÚD >∫Ô·m
Û›]´D (∂) \Õ]´∫Ôπ[ JÈ\VÔ ºBVÔ›]Á™ ®‚| ∂∫Ô∫Ô·VÔ (√z]Ô·VÔ)
∏ˆ¬˛[≈™Ï. ∂ÁkBVk™ : ÷\BD, WB\D, gƒ™D, ∏´VðVBV\D, ∏´›]BVÔV´D,
>V´Áð, ]BV™D, ƒ\V]. ÷mºk ∂‚¶V∫Ô ºBVÔD ®[≈Áw¬Ô©√|˛≈m.
∑kVt ∑kV›\V ´V\Ï, c¶_ #FÁ\l™V_ \™›#FÁ\ÁB ∂Á¶BÈVD ®[Æ
¬ˆBV, x›]Á´, √Õ>D, gƒ™D, ∏´VðVBV\D, ]BV™D º√V[≈ku§uz Ì|>ÈV™
Ôk™D ÿÔV|›m^·VÏ. ÔVÈ›][ ∂Ω©√Á¶l_ √>fiƒo xMkÚD ]ÚJÈÚD
]BV™›]uz ∂]Ô x¬˛B›mkD ÿÔV|›m ∂>[ JÈD ˛Á¶¬zD E›]ÔÁ·•D,
ƒ\V]ÔÁ·•D kˆÁƒ©√|›] s·¬˛•^·VÏ. ÷>Á™ºB

v 3 v
 \™›m¬Ôı \VEÈ[ g>_ ∂Á™›m¬Ôı
gÔÈ ¿´ ∏≈
®[˛≈VÏ ]Úk^”kÏ.
\™\m ÿƒDÁ\l™V_ \Õ]´D ÿƒ∏¬Ô ºkı¶VD ®[˛≈VÏ EkkV¬˛BÏ.
∂>Vkm \™D ∂Á\]BV˛ √ı√|D kÁ´l_ ÿƒ√›Á> ÁÔs¶¬Ì¶Vm
®[√Á>ºB EkkV¬˛BÏ \Á≈xÔ\VÔ ∑‚Ω¬ÔV‚|˛≈VÏ.
c¶ÈV_ \™xD \™>V_ c¶KD ÿƒDÁ\©√|›>©√|˛≈m ®[√m ÷>[JÈD
s·∫z˛≈m.
ºBVÔ©√luEl[ E≈©AÔ^
â ºÂVF ¿¬zD \ÚÕ>VÔ°D, ºÂVF k´V\_ >|¬zD ÔV´ËBVÔ°D ºBVÔ© √luE
s·∫z˛≈m.
â c¶o[ c^ cÆ©AÔÁ· #FÁ\©√|›], ∂ku§[ ÷B¬ÔD gº´V¬˛B\VÔ
÷Ú¬Ôfl ÿƒF˛≈m.
â Â\m ÿƒB_]≈Á™ ∂]Ô©√|›] ∂º> ºÂ´›]_ c¶_ á \™ ÂÈx¶[ kVw
c>°˛≈m.
â c¶o_ c^· Ôa°ÔÁ· ]™ƒˆ xÁ≈©√Ω ÿkπºBu§ c¶ÁÈ ]≈D√¶fl
ÿƒB_√¶ Ák¬˛≈m.
â x¬˛B \ı¶È∫Ô·V˛B (Systems) ´DA, ∑kVƒD, ´›> {‚¶D, ˝´ðD, Ôa°,
÷™©ÿ√Ú¬ÔD, ∑´©∏ \ı¶È∫ÔÁ· xøÁ\BVÔ ÿƒB_√¶ Ák¬˛≈m.
ºBVÔ›][ √B[Ô^ :
â ºBVÔ© √luEÁB ]™xD xÁ≈©√Ω ÿƒFm kÕ>V_ c¶_ ∑Æ∑Æ©√VÔ ÷B∫zD.
â xmÿÔKDA Â[z √¬zk©√‚| ˛≈©√VÔ ÿƒB_√¶ c¶_ Œ›mÁw¬˛≈m.
â cð°, c≈¬ÔD, Ôa° º√V[≈Ák Ê´VÔ ÷Ú¬zD.
â ÿ>VuƺÂVF >V¬ÔV> ∂·suz ºÂVF ®]Ï©A ƒ¬] ∂]Ôˆ¬zD.
⠌ںkÁ· ÿ>Vu§s‚¶V_ mk¬Ô›]ºÈºB x§BΩ¬Ô©√|D.
â c¶o[ tÔ x¬˛B\V™ √z]Ô·V™ JÁ·, ÷>BD, OÁ´X´_ kluÆ^
cÆ©AÔ^, ∑´©∏Ô^ º√V[≈Ák Ê´VÔfl ÿƒB_√|D.
â c¶o_ ÿ√Vo° ∂]Ôˆ¬zD

v 4 v
â c¶o[ J‚|›>ÁƒÔπ_ c^· ÷ƬÔD ¿∫˛ c¶_ ®Á¶Bu≈› >[Á\•¶[
ÔVð©√|D.
ºBVÔ›][ z§¬ºÔV^
â T|º√Æ (x¬]©º√Æ) ∂Á¶km.
â ∂§BVÁ\ ¿∫˛ Â_ȧ° ÿ√Ækm.
â c¶ÁÈ•D, \™Á>•D gº´V¬˛B\VÔ Ák›m¬ÿÔV^km.
â >[Á\™B§B >™¬ÿÔVÚ ºÔΩ_ÁÈ >[Á™B§BV\_ >Vº™ ÿÔ|˛[≈V[.
>[Á™B§•D ∂§Ák ∂§Õ>∏[ >[Á™ ∂ÏflE¬Ô› >VMÚÕ>Vº™!
(]Ú\Õ]´D 2355) ®[≈ ]ÚJȈ[ kV¬˛u˛ð∫Ô g[\Vs[ ∂Ω©√Á¶l_
>[Á™•ðÏÕm kVµkm.
â \M>Á™ \V\M>™V¬˛ ÷Á≈WÁȬz ®Fmkm.
®∫zD ®¬ÔVÈ›]KD ¿¬Ô\≈ WÁ≈Õ]Ú¬zD √´Dÿ√VÚº· ÂV[! ®[ÆðÏ>_

v 5 v
 ∂Èzá2. ºBVÔ›][ º>Vu≈xD k´ÈVÆD
ÂVD x[º√ √VÏ›>mº√V_ ºBVÔ›][ º>Vu≈›Á> BVÚD ∂Æ]l‚|, cÆ]BVÔ¬
Ì≈s_ÁÈ. ÷Ú©∏–D ºBVÔ›]uz x¬˛B\V™ ±_ÔÁ· >Õ> √>fiƒo xMkÏ &
]ÚJȈ[ kVµÂVÁ·¬ ÔÚ›]uÿÔVı| ºBVÔ›][ º>Vu≈D ºk>ÔVÈ›]uz
xu√‚¶m ®[Æ ∂§B©√|˛≈m. B\D, WB\D, gƒ™D, ∏´VðVBV\D, ]BV™D &
ƒ\V] º√V[≈ ÿƒVuÔ^ √wÁ\BV™ ºk>\V˛B ˆ¬ ºk>›]_ g∫ÔV∫ºÔ
ÔVð©√|˛[≈™. ÿ>V[Æÿ>V‚| ÿƒFB©√‚| kÚD gÔ\ ÁkyÔ ka√V‚|
xÁ≈Ôπ_ √_ºkÆ x›]Á´Ô^ √B[√|›>©√|˛[≈™. ÷Á≈WÁÈl[ kV¬ÔV˛B
{DÔV´D x>_ √_ºkÆ AM>fl ÿƒVuÔ^ ÿ¤√\VÔ ÿƒFB©√‚| ]BV™WÁÈ
®F>©ÿ√u≈™. ÷Õ> ÿ¤√D & ]BV™›][ JÈD ∂i¶\VE›]Ô·V˛B ∂M\V,
\N\V, Ôˆ\V, ÈN\V, ©´V©], ©´VÔVDBD, ~ƒ›mkD, kE›mkD º√V[≈Ák
∂Á¶B©ÿ√u≈™.
÷Õ> E›]Ôπ[ JÈD ∂bÁk©º√VÈ E§B>VÔ°D (∂M\V) cÚk›Á>
ÿ√ˆB>VÔ°D (\N\V) ∞uÔ™ºk ÷ÚÕ> cÚk›]_ ®Á¶ÁB Ì‚Ω•D (Ôˆ\V) ®Á¶ÁB
zÁ≈›mD (ÈN\V) c¶ÁÈ \Á≈›m¬ÿÔV^·_, {ˆ¶›]_ \Á≈Õm ºk§¶›]_
º>V[Æ>_, Œº´ ºÂ´›]_ ÷Ú (∂) √È ÷¶∫ÔπºÈV º>V[Æ>_, ∂Á™kÁ´•D
ÔkÏÕ]Ú¬Ô¬ÌΩB kÊÔ´›>[Á\•¶[ ÷Ú›>_ º√V[≈kuÁ≈ √B[√|›]
xMkÏÔ^ ƒx>VB›]_ √_ºkÆ ºƒÁkÔÁ· gu§•^·™Ï.
ƒV√D ÿ√u≈ ŒÚkÏ ÿ¤√D, ]BV™D, >k›][ JÈD ƒV√›]oÚÕm sȬz
ÿ√u§Ú¬˛≈VÏÔ^. ∂º> ºÂ´›]_ >™¬z› º>ÁkBV™Á> ∂Á¶ÕmD ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
÷´V\VBðD, \ÔV√V´>D, p\› √VÔk>D, º>s √VÔk>D & ¸tÚ] (\–, ¸tÚ],
√´VƒV ¸tÚ], mÏkVƒ ¸tÚ]) º√V[≈ ±_Ôπ_ ∏´VðVBV\›][ JÈD √Vk›Á>
Ôa¬zD xÁ≈ ÿƒV_È©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m.
÷Á≈ka√V|Ôπ_ cð°xÁ≈ JÈD s´>∫ÔÁ· ÔÁ¶∏Ω›>_ tÔ x¬˛B
∂∫Ô\VÔ ÷[≈·°D s·∫z˛≈m.
Â\m ÂV‚| \Ú›mk\V˛B g•Ïºk>D, E›>V, ºBVÔD, ÷BuÁÔ \Ú›mk
xÁ≈Ôπ_ c^ cÆ©AÔÁ· #FÁ\©√|›>¬ÌΩB ÿ>·], √¸] º√V[≈
˛ˆBV©√luEÔ^ ÿ>V[Æÿ>V‚| ÿƒFB©√‚| kÚ˛[≈™.

v 6 v
 ∂Èzá3. ºBVÔ xÁ≈Ô^
c¶_, \™D, ƒ¬] ÷DJ[ÆD cÚ∫˛ÁðÕ> ºBVÔ\V™m ∂k´kÏ kBm, ÿƒB_
(ÿ>Va_) º√V[≈kuÁ≈© ÿ√VÆ›m ÔÏ\ºBVÔD, √¬]ºBVÔD, QV™ºBVÔD,
´V¤ºBVÔD, zı¶oM ºBVÔD, \Õ]´ ºBVÔD, ®Õ]´ ºBVÔD, ÂV> ºBVÔD, «¶ºBVÔD
®[Æ º\KD √È ∏ˆ°Ô·VÔ© ∏ˆ¬Ô©√‚|^·m.
ÔÏ\ ºBVÔD
ÿƒF•D ÿ>VaºÈ ÿ>FkD ®[√m ÷Õ> ∂bzxÁ≈¬z ∏´>V™ ÿÔV^ÁÔ (∂)
ºÔV‚√V| gzD. Â\m kB][ ∂Ω©√Á¶l_ ∂bzDº√Vm ÔÏ\ºBVÔ\V™m
kVµ¬ÁÔfl ƒ¬Ô´›]_ 2gkm WÁÈBV˛B ÷_È›]_ ÷Ú©√kÏÔ”¬z tÔ°D
∏´>V™\V™>VzD. ∂>Vkm ÂVD Ô_s ÔuzD √Úk›]_ Â\m ÿ√uº≈VÏ c≈s™Ï,
gEˆBÏÔ^, Âı√ÏÔ^, ƒx>VB›]¶tÚÕm ÔuÆ›º>ÏÕ> s≠B∫ÔÁ·
ÿƒB_√|›mD √Úk\VÔ ÷©√ÚkD s·∫z˛≈m. Â\m ∑uÆ©A≈›]oÚÕm Â\¬z›
º>ÁkBV™ÁkÔÁ· ]´‚Ω¬ÿÔVı| √ȃVoÔ·VÔ g¬˛¬ ÿÔVı¶ ÂVD ∂kÏÔ”¬z
]Ú©∏›>´ ºkıΩB >Úð\VÔ ÷_È≈D ÔÏ\ºBVÔ›º>V| ∂Á\˛≈m.
ÔÏ\ºBVÔ›]uz ]BVÔ \™©√V[Á\ tÔtÔ ∂kEB\V™>VzD. ∂º>ºÂ´D ÂVD
∞\VÕmº√VÔV\oÚ¬Ô sa©AðÏ° tÔ x¬˛B\V™ ÔÚsBVÔ √B[√|˛≈m.
Ô¶Á\ÁBfl ÿƒF; √ÈÁ™ ®]Ï√V´Vº>! ®[Æ √Ôk› ˇÁ>l[ ÌuƬ˛ð∫Ô √ÈÁ™
®]ϺÂV¬ÔV\_ Ô¶Á\ÁB \‚|D gu≈ºkıΩB Â_È >ÚðD ÷m.
ÂDt_ EÈÚ¬z ÷]_ c¶[√VΩ_ÈV\_ ̶ º√VÔÈVD. g™V_ ÷>[ c‚ÿ√VÚ^
BVÿ>M_ Â\¬z √ÈÁ™ ÿÔV|¬Ô ºkıΩBm ÷[ÿ™VÚkÚÁ¶B (∂) ÂD\V_ √È[
∂Á¶Õ>kÚÁ¶B Ô¶Á\ g˛≈m. gÔºk ®∫zD ¿¬Ô\≈ WÁ≈Õ]Ú©√m Ô¶Á\ºB.
√ÈÁ™©√u§ ÔkÁÈ©√¶ ∂kEBt_ÁÈ.
÷]_ ÷[ÿ™VÚ s≠BD, ÂVD √ÈÁ™©√u§ ºBVE›m¬ÿÔVıº¶ ÿƒBo_
÷≈∫zDº√Vm Ôk™flE>≈ÈV_ Ô¶Á\l_ >k§Áw¬Ô kVF©A^·m. gÔºk √ÈÁ™
®]Ï√V´Vm √ËÿƒFB ºkı|D.
√¬] ºBVÔD
ÂDxÁ¶B kVµ¬ÁÔ ∑wuEl_ kB][ ∂Ω©√Á¶l_ ºÂV¬zDº√Vm
kV™©∏´¸>D ®[≈ {F°¬ÔVÈ›]uz tÔ°D ∂kEB\V™m ÷Õ> √¬]ºBVÔD.
√¬]ºBVÔ›]uz ∂Ï©√Ë©AðÏ° tÔ tÔ ∂›]BVkEB\V™m. ∂[º√ á
∏´>V™D, ∂[º√ EkD ®[≈ ÌuƬ˛ð∫Ô ∂[º√ √¬]ºBVÔ›]uz x¬˛B
ÔÚsBVzD.

v 7 v
 ∂[∏ÈVÏ ®_ÈVD >\¬zˆBÏ
®[AD cˆBÏ ∏≈Ϭz á ]Ú¬z≈^
®[≈ k^”k›][ kV¬˛u˛ð∫Ô \M>zÈ Â[Á\¬ÔVÔ º>kÏÔ”¬zD
∂∑´ÏÔ”¬zD ÷Á¶l_ ¶Õ> º√VÚ¬ÔV™ g•>D >BVˆ©√>uÔVÔ >\m
xmÿÔKDÁ√ºB ∂Ï©√Ë›>VÏ >yE xMkÏ. ÷>uz Ô|Á\BV™ xBuE•¶[ ÌΩB
√luE•D º>Ák. >™m x[º™VÏÔÁ· ÔÁ´ºƒÏ¬Ô ºkı|D ®[√>uÔVÔ
s¶V©∏Ω•¶[ xF≈EÿƒF> √ˇ´>[, ∏´D\V, Ô∫ÁÔ, Ekÿ√Ú\V[ x>ÈV™
º>kÏÔÁ·•D, Ô¶°^ÔÁ·•D >ˆE¬Ô xΩÕ>m. √¬] ÿƒK›] ∂¬ÔÁ≈ (E´›Á>)
tÔ°D ∂kEB\V™m. ∂¬ÔÁ≈•¶[ ÌΩB √¬]ºB √È™π¬Ôk_Èm.
√¬]ºBVÔ›]uz c>V´ð\VÔ ∏´ÔÈV>[, \VϬÔıº¶B[, mÚk[, ∂–\[,
gı¶V^ º√V[º≈VÚ¶[ ÂVB[\VÏÔ^, gµkVÏÔ”D ÷Áð˛≈VÏÔ^.
QV™ºBVÔD
\M>™VF ∏≈Õ> ÂVD g™Õ>D ®[≈ ÿ√Bˆ_ ƒÕº>V≠›][ ∏[™V_
∂ÁÈ˛º≈VD. ƒÕº>V≠D ®[√m mB´›>V_ ∏[ÿ>V¶´©√|km. mB´xD, ƒÕº>V≠xD
ƒ¬Ô´D º√V[Æ ∑w[Æ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬zD. g™V_ g™Õ>D ®[√m ºÂϺÔV‚|
√VÁ>BVÔ ˛·D∏ W›BV™Õ>D, º√´V™Õ>D, √´\V™Õ>D, ©´D\V™Õ>D ®™
g™Õ>›][ xÔ|¬z (cflE) ∂Áw›mfl ÿƒ_KD QV™ ºBVÔ›]uz g´VFflE
\™©√V[Á\ tÔtÔ ∂kEBD. ÌÏÁ\BV™ ∂§° tÔ x¬˛B\V™ ÔÚsBVzD. ÂVD
º>¶¬ÌΩB WÁÈ›> g™Õ>D A≈©ÿ√VÚ^ ƒVÏÕº> ÷Ú¬˛≈m.
A≈©ÿ√VÚ^ ƒVÏÕ> g™Õ>D º>B¬ÌΩBm. \Á≈B¬ÌΩBm. g™V_
∂Ô©ÿ√VÚ^ ƒVÏÕ> g™Õ>D ÿ\[º\KD k·ÏÕm ÿ√ÚÔ¬ÌΩBm.
®∫zD ®¬ÔVÈ›]KD ¿¬Ô\≈ WÁ≈Õ]Ú¬zD √´Dÿ√VÚ^ WÁ≈kV™
g™Õ>›m¶[ Â\¬z^º·ºB ÷Ú¬˛≈m.
ÂD >Vl[ ÔÚ©Á√¬z^ ÷ÚÕ> kÁ´ ∂Õ> g™Õ>›]_ \‚|º\
]Á·›]ÚÕº>VD. ∏≈Õ>m x>_ AÈ[Ô^ \™D ∂§° ƒVÏÕm >Ôk_ÔÁ·
ÿ>ˆÕmÿÔV^· xu√|Dº√Vm g™Õ> kΩs_ ÷ÚÕ> ÂVD ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^ ˛Á¶›>º√Vm
ƒÕº>V≠©√‚|D, ˛Á¶¬ÔV>º√Vm m¬Ô©√‚|D, ∂>™V_ ∞u√|D sÚ©A
ÿkÆ©AÔπ™V_ c¶_ cÆ©AÔπ[ ÷B¬ÔD √V]¬Ô©√‚| ºÂVl™V_
¨Ω¬Ô©√|˛º≈VD. \V≈VÔ g™Õ>\B\VÔ ∏≈Õ> ÂVD ÿ√VÚ^Ô^, ƒD√k∫Ô^ ƒVÏÕ>
cðÏflEÔ”¬z g·VÔV\_ ¶©√ÁkÔ^ ∂Á™›mD ÷BuÁÔl[ ∑wuEºB ®[Æ
÷ÚÕms‚¶V_ QV™ ºBVÔ›][ ∂–√kD W´D√ ÿ√u≈k´VºkVD.
´V¤ºBVÔD
´V¤ºBVÔD ®™©√|D ´V¤©√V‚Á¶BV™m \M>M[ ∏≈©A x>_ ∂k™m
Ô_sB§° (∞‚¶§°) xΩ•D ÔVÈD kÁ´lÈV™ ©´„\flƒˆB √Úk›]uz cÔÕ>m.

v 8 v
 ÷Õ> ºÂV¬Ô›]uz >[™D∏¬ÁÔ ª¬ÔD º√V[≈Ák tÔtÔ ∂kEB\V™>VzD.
k·ÏEÁ> \Vu≈D W´D√ ¶¬zD ÷©√Úk›]_ >[Á™›>Vº™ Ô‚|©√|›]
ÿÔV^”>_ tÔ ∂kEBD. \™Dº√V™ º√V¬˛_ AÈ[ÔÁ· º√VÔs‚¶V_ ƒ¬]
sÁ´B\V˛, c¶_ √ÈT™©√‚| ºÂVFkVF©√|D. gÔºk gƒ™D, ∏´VðVBV\D,
∏´›]BVÔV´D º√V[≈ √luEÔ·V_ c¶ÁÈ› #FÁ\©√|›], >V´Áð ]BV™D
º√V[≈ √luEÔ·V_ \™Á> √¬zk©√|›], kVµs_ ÷B\, WB\ ÿ§ÔÁ·
ÔÁ¶©∏Ω›m Ô‚|©√V‚|¶[ kVw ´V¤ºBVÔD ÿ√ˆmD c>°˛≈m.
´V¤ºBVÔ›][ ∂∫Ô s·¬Ô∫ÔÁ· (∂≠¶V∫ÔD) ∂Èz 4_, sˆkVÔ¬
ÔVðÈVD.

v 9 v
 ∂Èzá4. ∂i¶V∫Ô ºBVÔD
∂i¶V∫Ô ºBVÔD
ºBVÔ ƒV›]´›Á> xÁ≈BVÔ kw∫˛BkÏÔ^ ®[≈ ÿ√ÚÁ\ √>fiƒo¬z cı|.
ÿ>V[Á\ kVFÕ> ºBVÔ¬ ÔÁÈÁB› ÿ>Vz›m ºBVÔ Û›]´D ®–D ±ÈVÔ›
ÿ>πkVÔ°D, E≈©√V™ xÁ≈lKD kw∫˛•^·VÏ √>fiƒo xMkÏ. \M>[ E›>
sÚ›]ÔÁ· ∂¶¬˛ \™›Á> ŒÚxÔ©√|›] ÿ\FQV™›Á> cðÚD WÁÈÁB
∂Á¶k>uÔV™ kaxÁ≈ÔÁ· √>fiƒo ̧•^·VÏ. >ta_ √[MÚ ]ÚxÁ≈Ôπ_
Œ[≈V™ ]Ú\Õ]´D ]ÚJÈ´V_ ∂π¬Ô©√‚|^·m. ]Ú\Õ]´›]_ c^· 3000
√V¶_Ôπ_ ∞≈¬zÁ≈B 200 √V¶_Ô^ ºBVÔ›Á>© √u§Bm.
√>fiƒol[ ºBVÔ Û›]´D 195 Û›]´∫ÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVı¶m. ÷Ák ÂV[z
√V>∫Ô·VÔ© √z¬Ô©√‚|^·™. ÷Ák xÁ≈ºB, ƒ\V] √V>D, ƒV>™ √V>D, sØ]
√V>D, ÁÔk_B √V>D ®[≈Áw¬Ô©√|˛[≈™.
ƒ\V] √V>D : x>_ √V>\V™ ÷m ƒ\V]ÁB© √u§ s·¬z˛[≈m. ÷m, >Á¶ÔÁ·
®_ÈVD Ô¶Õm ºBVÔ∫ÔÁ·fl ƒˆBVÔfl ÿƒFm, ∂>™V_ ˛‚|D ƒ\V] WÁÈÔÁ·© √u§
skˆ¬˛[≈m.
ƒV>™ √V>D : ÷´ı¶Vkm √V>D, ºBVÔVÁk© ÿ√Æk>uÔV™ kaxÁ≈Ô^ √u§
s·¬z˛[≈m. ÷m, ƒDƒV´›]_ cw[Æ, ∂>[ ÷[√ m[√∫ÔÁ· cðÏÕm,
√Ω©√ΩBVÔ \™©√¬zkD ∂Á¶B xBKD ƒV>V´ð WÁÈl_ c^·kÏÔ”¬z cˆB
˛ˆBV ºBVÔ© √luEÔÁ· s·¬z˛[≈m.
sØ] √V>D : J[≈Vkm √V>D ºBV˛ >™m º>¶o[º√Vm Ôı¶§˛[≈
ƒ¬]ÔÁ·© √u§¬ ÌÆ˛[≈m. ∂>Vkm, ÿ>V¶ÏÕ> ºBVÔ© √luEl™V_ \™D
ŒÚxÔ©√‚¶kÏÔ^ ÿ√ÚD √È[Ô·V™ E›]ÔÁ·© √u§ s·¬zkm.
ÁÔk_B √V>D : ÂV[ÔVkm √V>D xøÁ\ ∂Á¶>ÁÈ© √u§¬ ÌÆ˛[≈m. ÷m,
E›]ÔÁ· ∂Á¶•D kaÔÁ·¬ ̧ ∂>[ kaBVÔ ÿ\FQV™© ÿ√VÚÁ· cðÏÕm
º\[Á\ ÿ√ÆD ÁÔk_B WÁȬz ka ÔV‚|˛≈m. \M>[ >[Á™ xøÁ\BVÔ
cðÚD ÷Æ] WÁÈ ÷m>V[.
√>fiƒol[ ºBVÔ Û›]´D ºBVÔD ®[√Á> E›> sÚ›] Wº´V>D ®[Æ
s·¬z˛≈m. ∂>Vkm E›>›][ sÚ›]ÔÁ· Œ|¬z>ºÈ ºBVÔD ®[˛≈VÏ √>fiƒo.
cðÏ°Á¶B E›>\V™m A≈©ÿ√VÚº·V| ÿ>V¶ÏA ÿÔV^”D º√Vm E›>D
∂©ÿ√VÚ·VÔºk \V§s|˛≈m. ÷mºk E›> sÚ›] ∂>Vkm E›>›][ \Vu≈D
®[≈Áw¬Ô©√|˛≈m. \Vu≈∫ÔÁ· ∂Á¶Õ> E›>\V™m A≈©ÿ√VÚ^ÔÁ·© √u§
>k≈VÔ© AˆÕm ÿÔV^˛≈m. ÷›>ÁÔB >k≈V™ Aˆ>ÁÈ ÿ§©√|›mkº> (Wº´V>D)
ºBVÔ›][ ºÂV¬ÔD. ∂>Vkm √_kÁÔ©√‚¶ A≈©ÿ√VÚ^Ôº·V| >k≈V™ kÁÔl_
WÔw¬ÌΩB ÿ>V¶ÏAÔÁ· sȬ˛¬ ÿÔV^kº> ∂>[ ºÂV¬ÔD. \™D(E›>D) ºkÆ
kΩk∫Ô^ ®|©√]oÚÕm ∂_Èm ∂ÁÈ√VFk]oÚÕm ºBVÔD >|¬˛≈m.
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÷ÕWÁÈÁB ∂Á¶k>uz ºBVÔ Û›]´D ®‚| s]ÔÁ·¬ z§©∏|˛[≈m. ÷m
∂i¶V∫Ô\VϬÔD ®™ ∂Áw¬Ô©√|D. ∂Ák, ÷B\D, WB\D, gƒ™D,
∏´VðVBV\D, ∏´›BVÔV´D, >V´ðD, ]BV™D, ƒ\V].
,ak epakNk vz;zpyh Mjdk;
eaKW gpuhzhahkk; gpuj;jp ahfhuQ;
rakpF jhuiz jpahdQ; rkhjp
maKWk; ml;lhq;f khtJ khNk (jpUke;jpuk;)
1. ÷B\D (Yama) :
ºBVÔ›Á>© √luE ÿƒFB xBuE©√kÏÔ”¬z x>_ z§©A Œø¬Ô∫Ô^.
guƬz ÔÁ´º√V|>_ º√V_ ÷Õ> Œø¬Ô∫Ô^, \™flƒ¬] TðVÔV\KD
∂ÁÈ√VFÕm ∂¶∫ÔV> \™›Á> {´·suz Ô‚|©√¶ Ák¬Ô°D ko•Æ›>©√‚¶º>
÷B\D gzD. sȬԺkıΩBÁ>fl ∑‚Ω¬ÔV‚|kº> ÷B\\VzD. ÷Ák ÂÁ¶xÁ≈
Œø¬Ô∫Ô^ ®[ÆD ∂Áw¬Ô©√|D.
∂˛DÁƒ (k[xÁ≈ ÷_ÈVÁ\) á \™D, ÿ\F, kV¬z g˛Bku§[ JÈxD
®À°lϬzD ÷DÁƒ ÿƒFBVÁ\.
ƒ›BD (cıÁ\) á >™¬ºÔV ∂_Èm ∏≈Ú¬ºÔV y∫z ∞u√¶VkıðD
ÿƒV_Kkº> cıÁ\.
∂¸º>BD (]Ú¶VÁ\) á >™¬z cˆÁ\ ÷_ÈV> Œ[§[*m cˆÁ\
ÿÔVı¶V|km ]Ú‚|. ∂ÀkVÆ ÿƒFBV]Ú›>_ ]Ú¶VÁ\ gzD. \™D, ÿ\F,
kV¬ÔV_ ÔÁ¶∏Ω¬Ô ºkıΩBkuÆ^ ∂¸º>BxD Œ[Æ.
c^·›>V_ ∏´D\flƒˆBD (>[™¶¬ÔD) á √VKðÏÁk ∂¶¬z>_ ∏´D\flƒˆBD
gzD. ∂m\‚|\_ÈV\_, AÈ[Ô^ ∂Á™›Á>•D ∂¶¬˛ \™›Á> ÷Á≈kÁ™ºB
ƒVÏÕm ÷Ú¬Ôfl ÿƒF>_.
∂√ˆ¬´ÔD (sÁwBVÁ\) á º>Ák¬z º\_ ®Á>•D ∏≈ˆ¶tÚÕm ∞uÔV\_
÷Ú›>_. zÁ≈Õ> º>ÁkÔ”¶[ ®πÁ\BVÔ kVµ>_. º√VmD ®[≈ \™›m¶[
÷Ú©√m.
º\u̧B Ô‚¶Á·Ô^ ÷B\›]_ ko•Æ›>©√|√Ák. ∂>Vkm ∏≈ clÏÔÁ·›
m[AÆ›mkm. ÿ√VF º√∑km, ]Ú|km, √VKðÏ°, º√´VÁƒ º√V[≈
ÿƒB_ÔπoÚÕm ŒÚkÏ >DÁ\ sȬ˛¬ ÿÔV^kº> ÷B\D ®™©√|D.
2. WB\D (Niyama) :
ÔÁ¶∏Ω¬ÔºkıΩBkuÁ≈fl ∑‚Ω¬ ÔV‚|kº> WB\D ∂Ák,

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 ÿv·flƒD (#FÁ\) á c¶ÁÈ•D c^·›Á>•D #B>VÔ ÿƒFm ÿÔV^·_.
∂>Vkm c^”D A≈xD #FÁ\BÁ¶>_.
A≈›#FÁ\
]Ú©] (º√Vmÿ\[≈ \™D) á ]Ú©]ºB \˛µflE gzD. ˛Á¶›> kƒ]l_ WÁ≈°
ÔVb>_. ÷[√ m[√D ÷´ıΩuzD >Vº™ ÔV´ðD ®[Æ ®ıË ®>[ *mD sÚ©A
ÿkÆ©∏[§ ÷Ú›>_.
>√¸ (ÔıΩ©√V™ ®πÁ\) á zπÏ, ÿk©√D, √E, >VÔD x>oB ®Às>
÷Á¶fiƒ_ÔÁ·•D ÿ√VÆ›m¬ ÿÔVı| ƒ˛©A› >[Á\ºBV| ÷Ú›>_.
¸kV›BVBD (>[Á™© √u§B gF°) á AM> ±_ÔÁ· ÂV^º>VÆD √Ω›>_.
E›>›]_ ∞u√|D sÚ›]ÔÁ·¬ ÔkM›m© √VÏ›>_. ƒV[º≈VÏ ÿƒVuÿ√Va°Ô”D
÷>uz c>°D
~¸k´©√´Ë>V™D (÷Á≈kM¶D √¬]) á ®Õ> ÿƒBÁÈfl ÿƒF>VKD ∂Á>
÷Á≈k–¬z ∂Ï©√Ë›>_.
º\u̧BkuÁ≈¬ ÔÁ¶∏Ω©√Á> WB\D ko•Æ›m˛≈m.
3. gĪD (Asana) :
cÆ]BVÔ°D, ∑Ô\VÔ°D ÷Ú©√m gƒ™D gzD. ºBVÔD E›] ÿ√Æk>uz
c¶D∏[ ∂Áƒku≈ WÁÈ º>Ák©√|˛≈m. c¶ÁÈ ∂ÁƒBV\_ WÁÈBVÔ ÷Ú›mkº>
gƒ™D ®™©√|D. ∏´VðVBV\D, ]BV™D x>oBku§uz© √B[√|D kÁÔl_
∂\´ºkıΩB √_ºkÆ xÁ≈ÔÁ·© √u§ sˆkVÔ¬ z§©√m gƒ™D. W[≈
WÁÈlKD, c‚ÔVÏÕ> WÁÈlKD, √|›> WÁÈlKD gƒ™∫Ô^
z§©∏¶©√‚|^·™.
4. ∏´VðVBV\D (Pranayama) :
VWjy; g+ufk; <nul;L thkj;jhy;
MWjy; Fk;gk; mWgj;J ehyjpy;
CWjy; Kg;gj; jpuz;ljp Nurfk;
khWjy; xd;wpd;ffz; tQ;rf khNk (jpUke;jpuk;)
c^πø¬zD JflÁƒ•D ÿkπºB s|˛[≈ JflÁƒ•D, Ô‚|©√|›m>_
∏´VðVBV\D ®™©√|D. Œº´ Ê´VÔ JflÁƒ z§©∏‚¶ ∂·s_ c^πø©√Á>•D,
WÆ›] Ák›>ÁÈ•D, ÿkπs|kÁ>•D Jfl∑© √luE s·¬z˛[≈m. JflÁƒ c^º·
÷ø©√m Ø´ÔD ®[ÆD, WÆ›mkm zD√ÔD ®[ÆD ÿkπºBuÆ>_ º´ƒÔD ®[ÆD
∂Áw¬Ô©√|˛[≈m. JflÁƒ c^º· ÷ø›>_, WÆ›]Ák›>_ \uÆD
ÿkπºBuÆk>uzˆB ÔVÈ ∂kÔVƒ›Á> ÿ\mkVÔ ∂]Ô©√|›] √luE
ÿƒFBºkı|D. ∏´VBV\›>V_ c¶o_ c^· ÂVΩÔ^ #FÁ\ ∂Á¶˛[≈™. ÷>BD

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kKkÁ¶˛[≈m. Ô√, kV>, ∏›>∫Ôπ_ ∞u√|D \VÆ√V‚Á¶ ∏´VðVBV\D ƒˆ
ÿƒF˛[≈m.
5. ∏´›]BVÔV´D (Pratyahara) :
A≈ cÈÔ© ÿ√VÚ^ÔπoÚÕm nDAÈ[ÔÁ·•D sȬz>_. ∂>Vkm
AÈ[ÔÁ·¬ Ô‚|¬z¬ ÿÔVı| kÚkm. AÈ[Ô^ JÈ\VÔ \™D ÿkπºB ÿƒ[Æ
AÈ[Ô”¬zˆB ÿ√VÚ^Ôπ[ kΩÁk ∂Á¶˛[≈m. AÈ[ÔÁ· ∂ku§[
ÿ√VÚ^ÔπoÚÕm *‚|s‚¶V_ ∂Ák \™›m¶[ >∫˛ ∂>[ ÷BuÁÔl_
Œ[§s|˛[≈™. ∂>Vkm, AÈ[Ô^ >›>D ÿ√VÚ^ÔÁ· s‚| sÈ˛ E›>›Á>fl
ƒVÚDº√Vm ∏´›BV«V´D ∞u√|˛[≈m. ÷>[ JÈD sÚ©√©√Ω \™›Á>©
ÿ√VÚ^Ô”¶[ Œ[Æ Ì‚¶°D ∏ˆ¬Ô°D k_ÈÁ\ cı¶V˛[≈m. gƒ™∫Ô”D
∏´VðVBV\xD ÁÔk´©ÿ√u≈V_ ÿ√V§ÔÁ· ∂¶¬zkm ®π>VzD.
6. >V´Áð (Dharrana) :
\™›Á> ŒÚ WÁÈ©√|›m>_. Œº´ ÿ√VÚπ[ *m Ôk™›Á> WÁÈ©√|›m>_.
∂>Vkm z§©∏‚¶ ∞>Vkÿ>VÚ ÿ√VÚπ[*m xø \™xD ∂ÁƒkuÆ WÆ›>©√‚¶V_
∂m >V´ÁðBVzD. ∞>Vkÿ>VÚ z§©∏‚¶ ÿ√VÚπ_ \™D xøkmD Œ[§,
ºkÿ≈Á>•D nDAÈ[Ô·VKD ∂§BV\_ ∂Õ> Œº´ ÿ√VÚπ_ \‚|D Wuzº\BV™V_
∂>uz >V´Áð ®™©ÿ√BÏ. ∂>Vkm {BV> ∂ÁÈBVÔ ®øD ®ıð∫ÔÁ· ŒÚ
A^πl_ >ˆ¬Ôfl ÿƒFkº> >V´Áð gzD.
7. ]BV™D (Dhyana) :
Ôk™›Á> WÁÈ©√|›]B ÿ√VÚπ[ cıÁ\› >[Á\ÁB gµÕm EÕ]›>_.
®Õ>© ÿ√VÚÁ· \™D ]BVM¬˛≈º>V ∂Õ>© ÿ√VÚπ[ kΩk\VÔºk \V§s|D WÁÈ.
>V´Áð \™WÁÈ ºÂ´›Á> ¿‚Ω›>V_ ∂m ]BV™\VzD. z§©∏‚¶ ÔVÈD
÷Á¶s¶V\_ WÔøD >V´ÁðºB ]BV™\V˛s|D. ÂDxÁ¶B \™›]_ sÚ›]Ô^
ŒÀÿkV[≈VÔ¬ zÁ≈›m, ]BV™›]uÔV™ ÿ√VÚ^ √u§B ∂§° sÚ›] \‚|º\
tfi∑\V™V_ ∂m>V[ ]BV™D. ∂>Vkm ÷Á¶s¶V> Œº´ ÿ√VÚÁ·© √u§B WÁ™ºk
]BV™D.
8. ƒ\V] (Samadhi) :
÷Õ> √luEBV™m º>|>o[ xΩ° gzD. ]BVM¬zD ÿ√VÚº·V|
cðÏ°ÔÁ· ÷Áð›ms|>_ (s‚| s|>ÁÈ g>_) ƒ\V] ®™©√|D. ]BV™©
ÿ√VÚπ[ ∂Á™›m kΩk∫ÔÁ·•D s‚| ]BV™© ÿ√VÚÁ· \‚|D ÔV‚Ω
sÚ›]Ôº· ÷_ÈV>m º√V[≈ WÁÈÁB ∂Á¶km>V[ ƒ\V]. ∂>Vkm \™›Á> ŒÚ
ÿ√VÚπ_ z§›m ∂Á>ºB ¿‚Ω ]BV™\V¬˛B WÁÈl_, ∂©ÿ√VÚπ[ ∂Ï›>D
∂Á>© √u§B ∂§° \‚|D, ÿ√VÚπ[ º>Vu≈t[§ ∞u√|˛≈m. ∂Õ> WÁÈl_ E›>
sÚ›]Ôº· ∂uÆs‚¶m º√VoÚ¬zD. ÷ÕWÁȺB ƒ\V].

v 13 v
 ÷Õ> ®‚| ∂∫Ô∫Ôπ_ x>_ nÕmD √˛´∫Ô ºBVÔD ®™©√|D. x>_ nÕmD
√˛´∫Ô ºBVÔD ®™©√|D. x>_ nÕm ∂∫Ô∫Ô·V™ ÷B\D, WB\D, gƒ™D,
∏´VðVBV\D, ∏´›]BV«V´D g˛BÁk ∏≈Ï ∂§•D√Ω ÿkπ©√Á¶BVÔfl
ÿƒFB¬ÌΩBÁk. c¶ÈV_ ÷Bu≈©√¶¬ ÌΩBÁk. ®™ºk, ÷Ák nÕmD √˛´∫Ô
ºBVÔD ®™©√|D. ∂|›> J[Æ ∂∫Ô∫Ô”D ∂Õ>´∫Ô ºBVÔD ®™©√|D. >V´Áð,
]BV™D, ƒ\V] g˛BÁk \™›>V_ ∏≈Ï ∂§BV\_ √lÈ©√|k>V_ ∂Ák ∂Õ>´∫Ô
ºBVÔD ®™©√|D.

v 14 v
 ∂Èzá5 : >BVÏWÁÈ© √luEÔ”D ÛˆB kð¬ÔxD
>BVÏWÁÈ© √luEÔ^:
ºBVÔVƒ™© √luEÁB mk∫zk>uz x[ Â\m c¶ÁÈ•D, JflÁƒ•D
>BVÏ©√|›]¬ ÿÔV^”>_ ∂kEBD. ÷>™V_ Â\m c¶_ ÷ƬÔD, \™ ÷ƬÔD,
∑kVƒ ∑ƬÔD º√V[≈kuÁ≈ ¿¬Ô c>°D. J‚|Ô”¬z º>ÁkBV™
cB°›>[Á\ÁB•D, >Áƒ ÂVÏÔ”¬z º>ÁkBV™ ∑Ú∫˛ sˆ•D >[Á\ÁB•D
∂π¬Ô k_Èm.
ÔV_ s´_ÔπoÚÕm Ôø›m cÁ´ c^· ∂Á™›m J‚|Ô”¬zD √BuE
ÿÔV|›>_ ÂD c¶o_ c^· ∂›>Á™ >Áƒ ÂVÏÔÁ·•D ÷ø›m ∂ø›] >·Ï›]¬
ÿÔV|›>_, z§©√VÔ xmz› >ıΩÁ™ ÂV[z A≈\VÔ kÁ·›mD, ]Ú˛¬ ÿÔV|›mD
ÿƒFB©√|D √luEÔ^ ÷]_ ∂¶∫zD.
ÛˆB kð¬ÔD
WÈD, ¿Ï, ÔVuÆ, ÿÂÚ©A, gÔVBD ®™©√|D nDÿ√ÚDØ>∫Ôπ_ ÛˆB[
∂Á™›m clÏÔ”¬zD ÿ√VmkV™m, ∂kEB\V™m. ÛˆB kð¬Ô© √luEBV™m
ºBVÔ›][ ŒÚ ∂∫Ô\VÔ ÿ>V[Æ ÿ>V‚| s·∫z˛≈m. ŒÚ ∑uÆ ÛˆB kð¬Ô©
√luEl_ 7á8 gƒ™∫Ô^ c^·™. ÛˆB kð¬Ô© √luEBV™m W[≈ WÁÈl_
mk∫˛ c¶ÁÈ \Ω›m z©A≈ √|›> WÁȬzfl ÿƒ[Æ *ı|D (gıáÿ√ı) ÿ\mkVÔ
√Ω©√ΩBVÔ W[≈ WÁȬz kÚk>VzD. c¶_ ®Á¶ÁB zÁ≈¬Ô sÚDA√kÏÔ”¬z
ÛˆB kð¬ÔD tÔ°D x¬˛B\V™ √luEBVzD.
ŒÚ ÛˆB kð¬Ô √luEBV™m 10á12 WÁÈÔ·VÔ ÿƒFB©√|˛≈m. ÷ÀkVÆ
ÿ\V›>D 12 ∑uÆÔ^ ÿƒFB©√|D. ŒÀÿkVÚ ∑uÆD ŒÚ \Õ]´›m¶[ mk∫z˛≈m.
÷Õ> \Õ]´∫Ô^ JÈ\VÔ ÂDxÁ¶B \™WÁÈ ÔıºðV‚¶D (Attitude) º\D√|›>©
√|˛[≈™.
1. «¸> c›>V™Vƒ™D / ∂Ï›> ƒ¬´Vƒ™D
2. √V>«¸>Vƒ™D
3. ∂¸k ƒfiƒÈVƒ™D
4. ƒÕº>VÈVƒ™D
5. ƒƒV∫ÔVƒ™D
6. ∂i¶V∫Ô Â\¸ÔV´Vƒ™D
7. A¤∫ÔVƒ™D
8. √Ïk>Vƒ™D
9. ƒƒV∫ÔVƒ™D
10. ∂¸k ƒfiƒÈVƒ™D
11. √V> «¸>Vƒ™D
12. «¸> c›>V™Vƒ™D / ∂Ï›> ƒ¬´Vƒ™D

v 15 v
 º\ºÈ ̧•^· WÁÈÔÁ· ∑kVƒ›]_ Ôk™›m¶[ ŒÚ ÿ>V¶Ï ƒ∫˛o xÁ≈l_
ÿƒFm xΩ¬zD º√Vm ŒÚ ∑uÆ ÛˆB kð¬ÔD WÁ≈kÁ¶˛≈m. ÷]_ nÕm \uÆD
Œ[√>Vkm WÁÈÔÁ· >sÏ›m s‚| ÿƒF•D º√Vm 10 ®ıˬÁÔl_∂¶∫zD.
∏[kÚD 12 ÿ√BÏÔÁ·•D (ÛˆBM[ ÿkÀºkÆ ÿ√BÏÔ^) cflƒˆ›m ŒÀÿkVÚ ∑uÆ
ÛˆB kð¬ÔD ÿƒFB©√|[˛≈m.
√È[Ô^:
â xmz› >ı| \uÆD ÷|©ÿ√KD∏–Á¶B kÁ·•D >[Á\ÁB ∂]Ôˆ¬Ôfl
ÿƒF˛≈m.
â ∂Á™›m J‚|Ô”¬zD ÿ²µ° >[Á\ÁB¬ Ì‚|˛≈m.
â JÁ·¬z¬ Ì|>ÈV™ ÷´›> {‚¶D ˛Á¶¬Ô ÿƒFk>V_ ´DA \ı¶È›]uz©
A›mðÏflEÁB ∂]Ôˆ©√m¶[ JÁ·l[ ÿƒB_]≈Á™•D ∂]Ôˆ¬Ô ÿƒF˛≈m.

v 16 v
 ∂Èzá6 : gƒ™ WÁÈÔ^
1. √ı√V‚| gƒ™∫Ô^
W[≈ WÁÈ gƒ™∫Ô^

∂Ï> ƒ¬´Vƒ™D
∂Á´ k‚¶\VÔ© ∏[–¬z kÁ·Õ> WÁÈ
√È[Ô^:
â ƒV>V´ð\V™ Ôø›m, º>V^, xmz, ÷|©A koÔ”¬z WkV´ðD ∂π¬˛≈m.
â xzm >ıΩuz ∏[A≈D kÁ·•D >[Á\ ∂]Ôˆ¬Ôfl ÿƒF˛≈m.
â ÷>B›]uz cÆ] ºƒÏ©√m¶[, OÁ´X´o[ ∂]Ô√‚ƒ© √B[√V‚ΩÁ™ ∂]Ôˆ¬Ôfl
ÿƒF˛≈m.
â ¿ı¶ √BðD \uÆD º√V]B #¬Ôt[Á\l™V_ ∞u√|D ÔÁ·©∏Á™ ¿¬Ô
c>°˛≈m.
â >[™D∏¬ÁÔÁB ∂]Ôˆ¬Ôfl ÿƒF˛≈m.
®flƒˆ¬ÁÔ:
>ÁÈ∑u≈_, Ô|Á\BV™ Ôø›mko, cBÏ÷´›> ∂ø›>D, xmz› >ı|
ƒD√Õ>\V™ ∏´flƒÁ™Ô^ º√V[≈ ÿ>VÕ>´°Ô^ ÷Ú©√kÏÔ^ ÷Õ> gƒ™›Á>›
>sÏ›>_ Â_Èm.
ÿƒB_xÁ≈:
â ÔV_ÔÁ·fl ºƒÏ›m ºÂ´VÔ W[≈ WÁÈl_ c^·∫ÁÔÔÁ·, ÷|©AD, ∂ΩxmzD
ºƒÚD ÷¶›]_ Ák›m› >V∫˛B√Ω \VÏA \uÆD º>V^ÔÁ· sˆ›m c¶o[
º\_√z]ÁB ∏[A≈\VÔ kÁ·¬Ô°D.
â ÷Æ] WÁÈl_ 5á10 Jfl∑ ºÂ´D ÷ÚÕm, ∂|›> c^Jfl∑¶[ c¶ÁÈ ºÂ´VÔ
WtÏ›]¬ ÔıÔÁ· JΩ¬ ÁÔÔÁ· ˇºw ÷≈¬˛ s‚| {F° ®|¬Ô°D.

v 17 v
∂\ÏÕ> WÁÈ gƒ™∫Ô^

√›\Vƒ™D
>V\Á´ º√V[≈ \ÈÏÕ> xÔ›m¶[ ÌΩB WÁÈ
√È[Ô^:
â ÷|©A \uÆD xw∫ÔV_ J‚|Ô”¬z √ÈD ºƒÏ¬zD
â >k≈VÔ c‚ÔVÚD √w¬ÔD ƒˆ ÿƒFB©√|D.
â ]BV™D ∑È√\VÔ¬ ÁÔ Ì|D.
â √V>∫Ô”¬zfl ƒˆBV™ kΩkD ÿÔV|¬zD.
®flƒˆ¬ÁÔ:
Ô|Á\BV™ J‚| ko \uÆD ÷|©A ko c^·kÏÔ^ >sÏ›>_ ÂÈD.
ÿƒB_xÁ≈:
â ÔV_ÔÁ· ºÂ´VÔ ¿‚Ω c‚ÔVÏÕ> WÁÈl_ kÈm xw∫ÔVÁÈ \Ω›m kÈm
√V>›Á> ÷¶m ÿ>VÁ¶ *m ∂Ωku§l_ √|\VÆ Ák¬Ô°D.
â ∂º> º√V_ ÷¶m xw∫ÔVÁÈ•D \Ω›m ÷¶m √V>›Á> kÈm ÿ>VÁ¶*m
∂ΩkluÆ √z]l_ √|\VÆ Ák¬Ô°D.
â ÁÔÔπ_ E[x›]Á´ (ÿ√Ús´KD, ∑‚|s´KD OMÔ^ Œ[º≈Vÿ¶V[Æ ÿ>V‚¶
WÁÈ) ∏Ω›m 5á10 Jfl∑ ºÂ´D ∂Á\]BVÔ¬ ÔıÔÁ· JΩ ∂\ÏÕ]Ú¬Ô°D.
â x›]Á´ÁB© ∏ˆ›m¬ ÔıÔÁ·› ]≈Õ> ∏[ ŒÀÿkVÚ ÔVÁÈ•D x[º™V¬˛
¿‚Ω¬ ÁÔÔÁ· c¶K¬z© ∏[A≈D ª[§ (E]È >ı¶Vƒ™›]_) ÔıÔÁ· JΩ
{F° ®|¬Ô°D

v 18 v
(z©A≈) ˛¶Õ> WÁÈ gƒ™∫Ô^

A¤∫ÔVƒ™D
√¶ÿ\|›> √VDA º√V[≈ WÁÈ
√È[Ô^ :
â ÿ√VmkV™ Ôø›m ko, º>V^ ko, xmz ko¬z Â_È WkV´ðD
â >ı| k¶D ƒD√Õ>©√‚¶ ∏´flƒÁ™ÔπoÚÕm *^k>uz c>°˛≈m.
â >[™D∏¬ÁÔR‚Ω º\Á¶ √BD º√V¬Ô c>°˛≈m.
®flƒˆ¬ÁÔ
z¶o≈¬ÔD, Ô|Á\BV™ kluÆ ko c^·kÏÔ^ ÷Õ> gƒ™›Á> >sÏ›>_
Â_Èm.
ÿƒB_xÁ≈ :
â z©A≈©√|›> (\Ô´Vƒ™D) WÁÈloÚÕm ÔV_ÔÁ·fl ºƒÏ›m¬ ÁÔÔÁ· c¶K¬z
√¬ÔkV‚Ω_ ª[§› >VÁ¶ÁB >Á´l_ √|D√ΩBVÔ Ák¬Ô°D.
â c^Jfl∑¶[ xm˛Á™ kÁ·›m› >ÁÈ, º>V^ \uÆD \VÏ∏Á™ º\ºÈ
cBÏ›>°D.
â 5 á 10 Jfl∑ ºÂ´D Ôa›m› >ÁÈ, º>V^, \VÏ∏Á™¬ ˇºw ÷≈¬˛ \Ô´Vƒ™›]_
{F° ®|¬Ô°D.

v 19 v
\_ÈVÕm√|›> WÁÈ gƒ™∫Ô^

c›>V™ √V>Vƒ™D
√V>D ÷ø›m #¬˛B WÁÈ
√È[Ô^ :
â ÷|©ÿ√KDA √ÈDÿ√ÆD
â ÿ>VÁ¶› >ÁƒÔ^ xøÁBV™ kΩkD ÿ√ÆD.
â klu§_ c^ cÆ©AÔ^ gº´V¬˛BD ÿ√ÆD.
â kluÁ≈fl ∑u§•^· Ì|>ÈV™ ÿÔVø©A zÁ≈•D.
â ÔV_Ô”¬z ÷´›> {‚¶D Ê´VÔ ˛Á¶¬zD.
®flƒˆ¬ÁÔ :
z¶uAı, z¶o≈¬ÔD, >ı|k¶D, ÷>B¬ºÔV·VÆ, cBÏ ÷´›> ∂ø›>D, kluÆ
ko c^·kÏÔ^ >sÏ›>_ Â_Èm.
ÿƒB_xÁ≈ :
â \_ÈVÕm √|›> WÁÈl_ ÔV_ÔÁ· ºƒÏ›m Ák¬Ô°D. ÁÔÔ^ ÷´ıÁ¶•D
>ÁȬz º\_ ºÂº´ ¿‚¶°D.
â c^ ∑kVƒ›m¶[ xw∫ÔV_ÔÁ· \¶¬ÔV\_ ÔV_Ô^ ÷´ıÁ¶•D (45) ÔV_ k‚¶
√z] ºÔVð›]uz cBÏ›>°D.
â ÁÔÔ^ ÷´ıÁ¶•D ÿ>VÁ¶ÁB Œ‚Ω >Á´l_ √]B Ák¬Ô°D. 5 á 10 Jfl∑ ºÂ´D
gƒ™ WÁÈl_ ÷Ú¬Ô°D.
â ÿkπ Jfl∑¶[ ÔV_Ô^ ÷´ıÁ¶•D ˇa≈¬˛ ƒkVƒ™ WÁÈl_ {F° ®|¬Ô°D.

v 20 v
 ∂Èzá7 : Jfl∑© √luE
\M>[ ƒ´VƒˆBV™ Jfl∑ ®ıˬÁÔ Wt¶›]uz 15 x>_ 20 kÁ´. c^, kπ
JflEÁ™ xÁ≈©√|›mkÁ>ºB ∏´VðVB\D ®[˛º≈VD. ∂ÀkVÆ ÿƒF•Dº√Vm
Jfl∑ ®ıˬÁÔ 15oÚÕm √Ω©√ΩBVÔ zÁ≈Õm Wt¶›]uz 8 á 10 ®[≈ WÁȬz̶
kÚD. √BuEl[ ys´›Á> ÿ√VÆ›m ÷Õ> ∑wuEBV™m º\KD zÁ≈B°D
kVF©∏Ú¬˛≈m. JflE[ gwD \uÆD W>V™›Á>© ÿ√VÆ›º> c¶o[ koÁ\•D
\™][ ∂Á\]•D yÏ\VM¬Ô©√|˛≈m. (cðÏflEÔ·V_ \™D √V]©√Á¶•Dº√Vm
JflE[ JÈ\VÔºk ∂Õ> √V]©√V™m c¶ÁÈ ÿƒ[Æ >V¬z˛≈m. ÷Õ> >V¬z>ÁÈ
®]ÏÿÔV^· xΩBV> c¶o[ c^”Æ©AÔ^ (cáD : ÷´›>¬ ÿÔV]©A, ÷>B¬ ºÔV·VÆ,
g¸m\V, kV•› ÿ>V_ÁÈ, ÿƒˆ\V™¬ ºÔV·VÆ \uÆD \ÈflE¬Ô_)
ºÂVFkVF©√|˛[≈™. ºkÿ≈VÚ kal_ ∂k´kÏ ÿƒF•D ÿ>Vao_ ®Õ> cÆ©A
∂]ÔD ~|√|˛[≈º>V ∂Õ> cÆ©√V™m √V]¬Ô©√|˛[≈m. (cáD : Ôø›mko,
º>V^ko, xmz ko, ÷|©A ko, J‚| ko \uÆD Ôı √V]©A) gÔºk º\uÔı¶
c·sB_ Z]BV™ ÊÏzÁÈ°ÔÁ· >sÏ¬Ô ∏´VðVBV\D ®™©√|D Jfl∑©√luEÔ^
tÔ°D ∂kEB\V™m.
∞u§ ÷≈¬˛ ÷ÚÔVKD ؈¬z∫
ÔVuÁ≈© ∏Ω¬z∫ Ôð¬Ô§ kVˆ_ÁÈ
ÔVuÁ≈© ∏Ω¬z∫ Ôð¬Ô§ kV·Ï¬z¬
ÌuÁ≈ •Á>¬z∫ z§Bm kVº\ á ]Ú\Õ]´D 571

v 21 v
 ÂVΩ∑›]
ÂVΩ ºƒV>™V ®[≈Áw¬Ô©√|D Jfl∑© √luEBV™m ÂD c¶o_ c^· ∂Á™›m
ÂVΩÔÁ·•D #FÁ\©√|›m˛≈m. ®™ºk ÷>Á™ ¨ÔVÏ ºBVÔ© √^πl™Ï ÂVΩ∑›]
®[Æ ∂Áw¬˛[≈™Ï.
√È[Ô^ :
â c¶o[ ÿk©√ {‚¶D ƒˆÿƒFB©√|˛≈m.
â ´DA \ı¶ÈD √ÈD ÿ√Æ˛≈m.
â JÁ·•D ∑Æ∑Æ©A¶[ ∂Á\]BVÔ ÷B∫z˛≈m.
â \™D ∂Á\]BÁ¶˛≈m.
â OÁ´X´_Ôπ[ ÿÔV^··° ª¬Ô©√|›>©√|˛≈m.
â kV•› ÿ>V_ÁÈ, ˝´ð¬ ºÔV·VÆ ¿¬Ô©√|˛[≈m.
â c¶o[ c^áÿkπ cÆ©AÔ”¬z› º>ÁkBV™ ƒ¬] ƒˆBV™ s˛>VƒV´›]_
˛Á¶¬˛[≈m.
â ÷Õ> √luElÁ™ ∞ø kB]Á™¬ Ô¶Õ> ÷Ú√VÈÚD ÿƒFBÈVD.
ÿƒFxÁ≈ :
â √›\Vƒ™D, kδVƒ™D, ∑ÔVƒ™D ®[Æ ∞º>–D ŒÚ ]BV™ WÁÈ gƒ™›]_
∂\ÏÕm kÈm ÁÔÁB \Ω›m, ∑‚| s´_ \uÆD Â|s´_ ÷´ı| s´_ÔÁ·•D
\Ω›m ÂVEÔV x›]Á´ ∏Ω¬Ô°D.
â kÈm ÁÔ ÿ√Ús´ÈV_ kÈm ÂVE mkV´›Á> ∂Á¶›m ÷¶m ÂVE mkV´D kaBVÔ
gµÕ> c^ Jfl∑¶[ mk∫Ô ºkı|D.
â ∏≈z kÈm ÁÔ º\V]´s´_ \uÆD ∑ı|s´_ c>sBV_ ÷¶m ÂVE mkV´›Á>
∂Á¶›m kÈm ÂVE mkV´›][ kaBVÔ Jfl∑¬ ÔVuÁ≈ ÿkπs¶ ºkı|D.
â *ı|D kÈm ÂVE mkV´›][ kaBVÔ Jfl∑ ÔVuÁ≈ c^kV∫˛ ÷¶m ÂVE
mkV´›][ kaBVÔ Jfl∑¬ ÔVuÁ≈ ÿkπs¶ ºkı|D.
â ÷m ŒÚ ∑u≈VzD. ÿ>V¶ÏÕm ÷º>º√V_ 5 á 10 ∑uÆÔ^ ÿƒFB ºkı|D.
â c^JflE[ gw›Á>s¶ ÿkπJflE[ W>V™D ∂]Ô\VÔ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D.
÷mºk ÂVΩ∑›] ®[≈Áw¬Ô©√|D ÂVΩ ºƒV>™V Jfl∑© √luE gzD.

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 √z] ∑kVƒD
â OÁ´X´o[ º\_, Â|, ˇµ ∂Á≈ÔÁ·© √z] √z]BVÔ© ∏ˆ›m Jfl∑©√luEl_
~|√|›m>_.
√È[Ô^ :
â OÁ´X´o[ ÿÔV^··° ∂]Ôˆ¬Ô©√|D ∂>Vkm xøÁ\BVÔ √B[√|›>©√|D.
â ÷>BD A›mðÏ° ÿ√ÆD
â ÿƒˆ\V™ \ı¶ÈD, kV•›ÿ>V_ÁÈ ÿƒˆ\V™¬ ºÔV·VÆ ¿∫˛ Â[z ÷B∫zD.
â \ÈflE¬Ô_ ¿¬Ô©√|D.
â c¶K¬z º>ÁkBV™ ∏´V𠃬] ∂]Ôˆ¬Ô©√|D.
â c^”ðÏ° Â[z #ı¶©√|D.
â ÷>B›mΩ©A Ê´VÔ ÷Ú¬zD.
klÆ ∑kVƒD
ÿƒB_xÁ≈ :
â ºÂVBπÔ^ \_ÈVÕm ˛¶Õ> WÁÈlKD gº´V¬˛B\V™kÏÔ^ ∞>Vkm ŒÚ
]BV™WÁÈ gƒ™›]KD ∂\ÏÕm ÷´ı| ÁÔÔπKD E[ x›]Á´ ∏Ω›>√Ω
klu§[ Ê´V™ ∂ÁƒÁk Ôk™¬Ô°D.
â c^ JflE[ º√Vm klÆ sˆkÁ¶Õm √Ú©√Á>•D, ÿkπJflE[º√Vm klÆ
∑Ú∫˛fl EÆ©√Á>•D cð´ÈVD.
â ÷Õ> Ôk™D ÂD OÁ´X´_Ôπ[ ˇµ ∂Á≈Ôπ[ √B[√V‚ΩÁ™ ª¬Ô©√|›mD.
\VÏA ∑kVƒD :
â ÁÔÔπ_ E[\B x›]Á´ ∏Ω›>√Ω c^áÿkπ Jfl∑¶[ \VÏ∏[ ∂ÁƒÁk›
ÿ>V¶ÏA√|›>°D.
â c^ JflE[º√Vm \VÏA, sÈV ®KDA \uÆD Â|xmz© √z] sˆÕm
ÿÔV|©√Á>•D ÿkπ JflE[º√Vm ∑Ú∫zkÁ>•D cð´ÈVD.
â ÷Õ> Jfl∑© √luE OÁ´X´o[ Â| ∂Á≈ÔÁ·© √luEl_ ~|√|›mD.
º>V^ ∑kVƒD :
â ÁÔÔπ_ Ô‚Á¶s´ÁÈ c^·∫ÁÔl_ Ák›m \u≈ ÂV[z s´_Ô·V_ JΩ g]
x›]Á´ ∏Ω¬Ô°D.
â c^ JflE[º√Vm ÷´ı| º>V^ J‚|ÔÁ·•D ÿ\mkVÔ º\ºÈ cBÏ›]©
∏[A≈\VÔ› >^·°D.
â ÿkπ JflE[º√Vm ∏[MÚÕm º>V^ÔÁ· x[kV∫˛ W>V™\VÔ› >·Ï›]
s¶°D.
â ÷Õ> Ôk™D OÁ´X´o[ º\_ ∂Á≈ÔÁ· Jfl∑© √luEl_ ~|√|›mD.
â º\uÔı¶ ŒÀÿkVÚ √z] JflÁƒ•D 5 á 10 ∑uÆÔ^ ∂Õ>Õ> x›]Á´•¶[ ÿƒFB
ºkı|D.
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 Ô√VÈ √V]
JÁ·l[ ÿƒ_ÔÁ· ∑›>©√|›> c>°D ¬ˆBV √luE. ∂ºÂÔ\VÔ ∑kVƒ
\ı¶È›Á> ƒVÏÕm ÷Ú©√>™V_ ÷Õ> Ô√VÈ √V]lÁ™ ∏´VðVBV\© √‚ΩBoKD
EÈÏ ºƒÏ¬˛[≈™Ï. g™V_ ƒ´Vƒˆ \M> ∑kVƒ›]_ Wt¶›]uz 15 x>_ 20 ∑uÆÔ^
÷Ú©√>™V_ ÷Õ> Ô√VÈ √V] ∏´VðVBV\›]_ ºƒ´Vm. ∞ÿ™M_ Ô√VÈ √V]
Wt¶›]uz 120 ∑uÆÔ”¬zD º\ÈVÔ ÿƒFB©√|km. JÁ·lÁ™ ∑Æ∑Æ√V¬zk>uz
c>°˛≈m. ´DA \ı¶ÈD Â[≈VÔ ÷B∫zD. \™ ∂Á\] c¶™ΩBÔ¬ ˛Á¶¬zD.
∑kVƒ \ı¶È›][ ƒV>V´ð ÿ>VÕ>´°Ô·V™ ∑kVƒ ∂wuE x>_ g¸m\V
kÁ´lÈV™ ∏´flƒÁ™Ô”¬z \Vu≈VÔ ∂Á\˛≈m.
√È[Ô^ :
â ∏›>D ∂]Ô\VÔ c^·kÏÔ”¬z ÷Õ> Jfl∑©√luE c>°D.
â ÔkÁÈ \uÆD \™√>u≈D ∂]ÔD c^º·VϬz ƒÕ]´º√>™V x¬˛B\V™
Œ[≈VzD.
â #¬Ôt[Á\¬z E≈Õ> \ÚÕ>VzD.
â \™Á> ∂Á\]©√|›mD.

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 ∂Èzá8 : x›]Á´Ô^
x›]Á´
Â\m c¶o_ \Á≈Õ]Ú¬zD ƒ¬]ÁB ÿkπ¬ÿÔVı| kÚkº> x›]Á´BVzD.
´DAÔ”¶[ ƒD\Õ>x^· c¶_ cÆ©AÔÁ· x›]Á´ g”˛≈m. ∏´√fiƒ\V™m
√fiƒ Ø>∫Ôπ™V_ cı¶V¬Ô©√‚¶m. ÂD c¶KD √fiƒ Ø>∫Ôπ[ Ì‚º¶ gzD.
∂Á>©º√VºÈ ÂD c¶o_ c^· ÁÔ s´_Ô^ nÕm >›mk∫Ô·VÔfl ÿƒB_√|˛[≈.
1. Ô‚Á¶s´_ á ÿÂÚ©A
2. g^ÔV‚Ω s´_ á ÔVuÆ
3. Â|s´_ á sı
4. º\V]´ s´_ á WÈD
5. EÆs´_ á ¿Ï
÷ÀÁkÕm Ø>∫Ô”D c¶o_ ƒ\ WÁÈl_ ÷Ú¬zDº√Vm c¶_
gº´V¬˛B\V™>VÔ°D, WÁÈ zÁÈ•Dº√Vm ºÂV•^·>VÔ°D ÷Ú¬˛≈m. nÕm
Ø>∫Ôπ[ ŒÚ∫˛Áð©√V_ c¶o[ c^ Ô‚|Ô^, cÆ©AÔ^ \uÆD ∂ÁkÔπ[
ÿƒB_√V|Ô^ Ê´Á\¬Ô©√|˛[≈™.
÷Dx›]Á´ÔÁ· WuzDº√Vº>V, ¶¬zDº√Vº>V ∂\ÚDº√Vº>V ÿƒFBÈVD.
kδVƒ™D, √›\Vƒ™›]_ ∂\ÏÕm ÿƒFkm ∂]Ô Â[Á\ √B¬zD. ÷Dx›]Á´Ô^
]™Õº>VÆD 10 Wt¶D x>_ 45 Wt¶∫Ô^ kÁ´ ÿƒF>V_ ∂]Ô© √È[ÔÁ·
∂π¬zD.
E[ x›]Á´ (∂) QV™ x›]Á´
Ô‚Á¶s´_ \uÆD g^ÔV‚Ω s´_ OMÔ^ ÷´ı|D ÿ>V‚|¬ÿÔVı| ÷ÚÕ>V_
ºkı|D \u≈ s´_Ô^ ºÂ´VÔ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D.
Â[Á\Ô^
1. ]BV™›]_ \™›Á> ŒÚWÁÈ©√|›> c>°˛≈m. JÁ· ÿƒ_Ô^ A›mðÏflE
ÿ√Æ˛[≈™.
2. >ÁÈko, m¬Ôt[Á\, ÔkÁÈ, ºÔV√D g˛BkuÁ≈© º√V¬z˛≈m.
kV• x›]Á´
g^ÔV‚Ω s´ÁȬ Ô‚Á¶ s´o[ ∂Ω©√z]l_ Ák›m¬ Ô‚Á¶ s´ÈV_ E§m
∂ø›>D ÿÔV|¬Ô ºkı|D. \u≈ s´_Ô^ ºÂ´VÔ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D.

v 25 v
Â[Á\Ô^
1. kV• ƒD√Õ>\V™ ºÂVFÔÁ·© º√V¬z˛≈m.
2. ÷´›> {‚¶D Ê´VÔ ÷B∫zD
9. 3 Û[B x›]Á´
g] x›]Á´
Ô‚Á¶ s´ÁÈ c^·∫ÁÔ ºÂV¬˛ \Ω›m \u≈ ÂV[z s´_Ô·V_ JΩ
Ák›m¬ÿÔV^·°D.
Â[Á\Ô^
1. clº´V‚¶D º\D√‚| xÁ≈©√|›>©√|˛≈m.

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 √Õ>D
√Õ>∫Ô^ ®[√Ák JflÁƒ ∂¶¬zD zD√Ô© √luEl[ º√Vm º√V¶©√|D
√VmÔV©A© Ø‚|Ô·VzD. √Õ>∫Ô”D, x›]Á´Ô”D «¶ ºBVÔ›]_ cBÏWÁÈ
ºBVÔ©√luEÔ^ gzD. ÷Ák cðÏflEÔÁ·© √ı√|›>°D, \™›Á>
∂Á\]©√|›>°D √B[√|˛[≈™.
¤VÈÕ>´ √Õ>D
1. ]BV™ gƒ™›]_ ∂\ÏÕm ÿÔV^·°D.
2. ÁÔÔ^ ÷´ıÁ¶•D xw∫ÔV_Ôπ[ *m \Ω›m Ák›m¬ÿÔV^·°D.
3. ÷´ð| J¬zÔπ[ kaBVÔ JflÁƒ c^º· ÷ø¬Ô ºkı|D >ÁÈÁB¬ zMÕm
>VÁ¶ÁB ÿÂfiE[ *m Ák›m JflÁƒ ÿkπºB s¶V\_ nÕm sÂVΩ Ô‚¶°D.
√VÏÁk AÚk \›]l_ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D.
4. c¶ÁÈ› >·Ï›] >ÁÈÁB ºÂ´VÔ› #¬˛, JflÁƒ J¬˛[ kaºB ÿkπºB
s¶°D.
Â[Á\Ô^ :
1. z´_ ÷MÁ\BVzD.
2. Ôø›mfl ∑Ú¬Ô©√|k>V_ ÷¶, ∏∫ÔÈ ÂVΩÔπ_ ∑Ú¬ÔD ∞u√‚| ∏´Vð™V™m
zı¶oMl_ ÷Ú©∏¶\V™ Ôø xÁ™¬z› ]ÚDA˛≈m.
JÈ √Õ>D
ÿƒB_xÁ≈
1. √›\Vƒ™D ∂_Èm kδVƒ™›]_ ∂\´°D
2. JflÁƒ Â[≈VÔ c^º· ÷ø›m ¤ÈÕ>´ √Õ>D ÿƒFB°D.
3. gƒ™ kVÁBfl ∑Ú¬˛ c^ ÷ø¬Ô°D. ∏≈z JflÁƒ ÿkπºB s¶°D. ∂©ÿ√Vøm
JÈ √Õ>›Á>•D s‚| s¶°D.
Â[Á\Ô^
1. zı¶oM ƒ¬]ÁB sa©√Á¶Bfl ÿƒF˛≈m.
2. \ÈflE¬ÔÁÈ ¿¬˛ JÈ sBV]ÁB© º√V¬z˛≈m.
3. ∏´D\flƒˆB›Á>¬ ÔÁ¶©∏Ω¬Ô c>°˛≈m.

v 27 v
 ∂Èzá9 : ˛ˆBV
›´V¶ÔV :
ÔıÔÁ· ∑›>©√|›>¬ÌΩB √luE. Ôı >ÁƒÔ”¬z √È›Á>¬ ÿÔV|›m
ÔıÔ”¬z ∏´V𠃬]ÁB ∂]Ô©√|›mD. Ôı √VÏÁk zÁ≈√V|ÔÁ· ¿¬Ô c>°D.
Ôk™ ƒ¬], WÁ™kVu≈_ ∂]Ôˆ¬Ô c>°D. Â\m ÁÔ¬ Ô‚Á¶s´ÁÈ© √B[√|›]
›´V¶ÔV, ¤V›Ú ›´V¶ÔV ®[ÆD y√ ŒπÁB© √B[√|›] ÿƒFB©√|km º¤V] ›´V¶ÔV
®[ÆD ∂Áw¬Ô©√|˛≈m.
ºÂ]
∑kVƒ {‚¶›]_ J¬˛–Á¶B √∫z tÔ°D x¬˛BD. ÷¶m, kÈm ÂVE›
mkV´∫ÔÁ· ∑›>©√|›> c>°km ºÂ] ˛ˆBV ®™©√|D. AÚk›][ \›]l_
c^xÔ\VÔ c^· J¬z© √^·D (Nasal Cavity) kÁ´ ∑›>©√|›>√|D. ∑kVƒ
∂wuE, ÔÁð©A, g¸m\V, ∂Ω¬ÔΩ ƒπ ∏Ω›>_ º√V[≈ ∏´flƒÁ™ÔπoÚÕm yÏ°
˛Á¶¬zD.

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 ∂Èzá10 : ]BV™D
xB[Æ {Ï ÷¶›]_ Ô‚ΩB \™Á> xBuEÁB sȬ˛ ∂º> WÁÈl_ ÷Ú¬Ôfl
ÿƒF>_ (©´›BB ∞Ô>V™> ›BV™ á √>fiƒo ºBVÔ Û›]´D). \™\V™m Œº´ s≠B›]_
∂Á´ \Ë ºÂ´›]uz º\_ ~|√|km ÔΩ™D. ∞ÿ™M_ >V´Áð ®[Æ ÿƒV_ȬÌΩB
Ôk™ ƒ¬]BV™m Â\m ´DA \ı¶È›Á> ∂ƒ]•≈fl ÿƒF•D. ∂º> ºÂ´›]_
xBuEl_ÈV\ºÈV ∂_Èm xø ~|√V‚|¶º™V ŒÚ ÿƒBÁÈ ÂVD ÿƒF•Dÿ√Vøm
J[Æ \Ë ºÂ´D ̶ ÂD\V_ ÷B_√VÔ ÷Ú¬Ô xΩ˛≈m.
ŒÚ √V›]´›]oÚÕm \uÿ≈VÚ √V›]´›]uz >ıßÁ´ \VuÆDº√Vm ƒÈƒÈ©A
ºÔ‚˛≈m. ∂º> ºÂ´D ®ıÿðÁB \VuÆDº√Vm ƒÈƒÈ©AD ÷Ú¬ÔVm, ®ıÿðFl[
º√V¬zD ÿ>ˆBVm. √¬zk\V™ \™º\ ®ıÿðF. ŒÚ ÿƒBooÚÕm ÷[ÿ™VÚ
ÿƒBK¬z \VÆDº√Vm ®Õ> ŒÚ #ı|>KD º>Ákl_ÈV\_ ÷B_√VÔ \VÆD.
÷©√Ω©√‚¶ ]BV™›Á> √l_k>uz, ÿƒFk>uz ±uƬzD º\u√‚¶ xÁ≈Ô^
cı|. AÈ[ OÔÏflEÁB √B[√|›] ]BV™D (ÔıðV_ Œº´ ÿ√VÚÁ· ºÂV¬zkm,
Œº´ \ÈÁ´ ∑kVE©√m......) ∑kVƒ {‚¶›Á> ÔkM›m ]BV™D, {DÔV´D x>ÈV™
\Õ]´∫ÔÁ· cflƒˆ›m ]BV™D ®[Æ √ÈkÁÔ cı|. ∂k´kÏ kƒ]¬ºÔu√
∂k´kÚÁ¶B ÷B_∏uºÔu√ zÚÂV>Ï ]BV™›][ kaÁB xΩ° ÿƒFkVÏ.

v 29 v