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Example:
1. Calculate the molar solubility of AgCl (Ksp =1.6 x 10-10 ) in 1.0 M NH3.
Solution:
The reactions involved are the solubility equilibrium of AgCl and the formation of the silver-ammonia complex:
-3 + -
K = 2.4 x 10 = [Ag(NH3 )2 ][Cl ] = (s)(s)
[NH3]2 (1-2s)2
s = 0.049 s = 0.045 M
(1-2s)
complex ion
a charged species in which a central metal ion is bonded to molecules or ions called ligands
type of bond: Lewis acid-base (metal - acid; ligand - base)
+ +2
examples: complex ions: Ag(NH3)2 Cu(NH3)4
Fe(CN)6-4 HgI4-2
coordination compound:
a. with complex cation: [Co(NH3)6]Cl3
b. with complex anion: Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
c. cation and anion are complexes: [Co(H2O)6][Co(CN)6]
d. with more than 1 kind of ligand: Ca[Cu(OH)3(Br)(NH3 )2]
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CHEM 301 LECTURE
types of ligands:
- - -
monodentate: H2O, NH3, OH , Cl , Br
bidentate: C2O4-2
polydentate: EDTA - hexadentate (6 donor atoms capable of bonding with a metal ion)
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CHEM 301 LECTURE
calcium __ammine__bromo__hydroxo_________
3. The number of ligands of the same kind in a complex is indicated by Greek prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-…
Note: prefixes are not regarded in alphabetical arrangement.
calcium diamminebromotrihydroxo_________
calcium diamminebromotrihydroxocuprate
calcium diamminebromotrihydroxocuprate(II)
Note: (a) it is not necessary to indicate the oxidation number of calcium since it is a
representative element.
(b) the name of the complex is a single word.
more examples:
[Ag(NH3)2]+ diamminesilver(I)
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CHEM 301 LECTURE
V. Complexometric Titration
basis: formation of stable complex ion between a metal (M) ion and a complexing agent (ligand, L)
M + L M-L
metal ion chelon chelate
chelon: polydentate ligand that form stable, water-soluble 1:1 complex with a metal ion
chelate: cyclic complex ion formed by the cation and the ligand
O O O
* six donor atoms
CaY-2
indicators:
SO3-
SO3-
O2N
OH OH
- N
eriochrome black T (EBT, H2In ) N calmagite
N N
OH
OH
CH 3
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CHEM 301 LECTURE
Example:
In the analysis of a hard water sample, a 50.0 mL sample was titrated with a 0.1473 M EDTA solution to reach the
end point. If the titration required 38.50 mL of EDTA, calculate the hardness of the water sample as ppm CaCO 3
(100.1 g/mol).
at equivalence point:
moles EDTA = moles Ca2+
moles EDTA = moles CaCO 3
(M x V)EDTA = grams CaCO3/MM
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