Empower C1 Wordlist

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Pronunciation
OrN English PoS Definition Example
(UK)
1 (I'll keep my) phrase something you say when you hope ˌfɪŋɡəz ˈkrɒst ‘I do hope Lisa passes her English exam.’
fingers crossed that something will happen the way ‘Yes, I’ll keep my fingers crossed.'
you want it to
2 a distant phrase a memory that is not clear because ə ˌdɪstənt ˈmeməri Once the city was rebuilt, the storm
memory the thing you remember happened a became a distant memory for most people.
long time ago
Page 1 Empower C1 wordlist

3 a glowing phrase the warm, healthy appearance of the ə ˌgləʊɪŋ The facial leaves you with a glowing
complexion skin on someone’s face kəmˈplekʃən complexion.
4 a lasting phrase something that you never forget ə ˌlɑːstɪŋ ˈmeməri Their trip to Venice was a lasting memory,
memory full of magic.
5 a painful phrase a memory that makes you feel upset ə ˌpeɪnfəl ˈmeməri I have a painful memory of my cat getting
memory run over when I was a child.
6 a photographic phrase the ability to remember things in ə fəʊtəˌgræfɪk He has a photographic memory and can
memory great detail ˈmeməri paint places he hasn’t seen since childhood.
7 a rapid rise phrase a fast increase ə ˌræpɪd ˈraɪz The use of continuous passive verb forms
has also seen a rapid rise.

8 a rational phrase someone whose thoughts are based ə ˌræʃənəl ˈθɪŋkə I’m a very rational thinker.
thinker on facts and not affected by their
emotions or imagination
9 a steady shift phrase a continuing change ə ˌstedi ˈʃɪft There was a steady shift toward more
frequent use of the verb + -ing and these
forms are still on the increase.
10 a tropical phrase a very beautiful place in a hot area ə ˌtrɒpɪkəl The island can only be described as a
paradise ˈpærədaɪs tropical paradise.
11 a vague memory phrase a memory that is not clear ə ˌveɪg ˈmeməri I only ever have a vague memory of my
journey to work.
12 a varied and phrase a diet that includes healthy amounts ə ˌveərɪd ənd Weight loss can be aided by eating a varied
balanced diet of a lot of different foods ˌbælənst ˈdaɪət and balanced diet.

13 a vivid memory phrase a memory that is very clear ə ˌvɪvɪd ˈmeməri I have a vivid memory of our team winning
the World Cup when I was a kid.
14 absent-minded adj often forgetting things ˌæbsəntˈmaɪndɪd He may forget to phone you. He’s rather
absent-minded.
15 acne noun a skin problem that causes a lot of ˈækni This cream helps reduce scars, acne and
red spots on the face skin rashes, as well as smoothing out
wrinkles.
16 acquire a phrase to learn a language əˌkwaɪər ə Some learners appear to be able to acquire
language ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ a language without much formal study.
17 acquisition noun the process of learning or getting ˌækwɪˈzɪʃən In this article, Ellen McArthur reflects on
something her acquisition of French.

18 address verb to speak to someone əˈdres He kept making comments under his
breath when he was supposed to be
addressing the audience.
19 affable adj pleasant and friendly ˈæfəbl̩ This research might explain the affable
tolerance of Canadians.
20 affluent adj having a lot of money ˈæfluənt In affluent suburbs like this one, house
prices are extremely high.
21 agricultural noun businesses and industries connected ˌægrɪˈkʌltʃərəl Wages are often low in the agricultural
sector with farming ˌsektə sector.
22 arid desert phrase a large sandy area with almost no ˌærɪd ˈdezət Never before had I been to such an arid
rain desert.

23 arrest sb on phrase If the police arrest someone on əˌrest ɒn səˈspɪʃən The police arrested her on suspicion of
suspicion of sth suspicion of a crime, they take them əv murder.
to the police station because they
think they committed it.
24 arthritis noun an illness which causes pain in the ɑːˈθraɪtɪs Her eyesight is deteriorating and she's got
parts of the body where bones meet arthritis in her knees.
25 ashamed adj feeling bad because you have done əˈʃeɪmd My behaviour at the party was
something wrong unforgivable. I feel so ashamed.
26 assert one's phrase to say strongly that you have the əˌsɜːt wʌnz ˈraɪt During the speech, he asserted his right to
right (to do sth) right to do something express his opinion even if it wasn’t a
popular one.
27 attack policies phrase to criticize someone's ideas and əˌtæk ˈpɒləsiz The leader of the opposition attacked
plans government policies in a speech that
focused on the rise in unemployment.

28 attain a level / phrase to reach a particular standard əˌteɪn ə ˌlevəl I’m not sure if I’ll ever attain a native
degree of /dɪˌgriː əv speaker level of competence.
competence ˈkɒmpɪtəns
29 audience noun the people who sit and watch a ˈɔːdiəns He kept making comments under his
performance at a theatre, cinema, etc breath when he was supposed to be
addressing the audience.
30 back up an phrase to give information that proves that ˌbæk ʌp ən He backed up the arguments he made by
argument what you are saying is correct ˈɑːgjʊmənt providing examples from recent research.
31 back-breaking adj needing a lot of hard, physical effort ˈbækˌbreɪkɪŋ Carrying boxes upstairs was backbreaking
work.
32 ban sb from phrase to tell someone officially that they ˈbæn frəm The judge banned her from driving.
doing sth cannot do something

33 barely phrase almost impossible to notice ˌbeəli pəˈseptəbl̩ One lasting change to English that was
perceptible barely perceptible at the time is known as
The Great Vowel Shift.
34 be arrested on phrase If someone is arrested on suspicion biː əˌrestɪd ɒn A 35-year-old woman was arrested on
suspicion of sth of a crime, they are taken to the səˈspɪʃən əv suspicion of money laundering.
police station because the police
think they committed it.
35 be banned from phrase to be officially told that you cannot biː ˈbænd frəm People who drink and drive should be
doing sth do something permanently banned from driving.
36 be brought face- phrase to meet a person against whom you biː brɔːt ˌfeɪs tə Criminals should be brought face-to-face
to-face with a have committed a crime ˈfeɪs wɪð ə ˌvɪktɪm with their victims.
victim
37 be convicted of phrase to be found guilty of a crime biː kənˈvɪktɪd əv He’s been convicted of murder and sent to
sth prison.

38 be fast asleep phrase very deeply asleep biː ˌfɑːst əˈsliːp My husband is usually fast asleep and he
doesn't notice if I go out.
39 be fined phrase to be forced to pay money as a biː ˈfaɪnd The company was fined a six figure sum.
punishment
40 be found guilty phrase If you are found guilty of a crime, a biː ˌfaʊnd ˈgɪlti Despite a strong defence case, he was
(of sth) court decides you have done it. found guilty of the crime.
41 be held in phrase to be kept in prison, especially when bi: ˌheld ɪn ˈkʌstədi She is being held in custody while waiting
custody waiting for a trial for her trial.
42 be held in phrase to be kept in a room on your own in biː ˌheld ɪn ˌsɒlɪtəri It is wrong for prisoners to be held in
solitary a prison kənˈfaɪnmənt solitary confinement.
confinement

43 be on the way phrase to start to disappear or no longer biː ˌɒn ðə weɪ ˈaʊt Stiff, formal words like 'shall' and 'ought'
out exist are on the way out.
44 be sentenced to phrase to be given the punishment of biː ˌsentəntst tə He was sentenced to life imprisonment for
life spending the rest of your life in ˌlaɪf ɪmˈprɪzənmənt murder.
imprisonment prison
45 be tempting fate phrase to take a silly risk and depend too biː ˌtemptɪŋ ˈfeɪt You should wear a motorbike helmet.
much on good luck You’ve been lucky so far, but you're
tempting fate.
46 blank-eyed adj with eyes that do not express ˌblæŋkˈaɪd Zeno is staring at me, at once uncannily
thoughts or emotions humanlike but also eerily blank-eyed.
47 bleak adj without comfort, decoration or bliːk It's a bleak image of a remote cottage.
happiness

48 blotches plural marks that are not regular in shape, ˈblɒtʃɪz He came out in blotches all over his arms.
noun for example on a person's skin
49 bog noun an area of soft, wet ground bɒg Animals sometimes get stuck in the bog.
50 bombard sb verb to give someone too much bɒmˈbɑːd wɪð She bombarded me questions.
with sth information, ask them too many
questions, etc
51 bribery and phrase the crime of trying to make people ˌbraɪbəri ənd Bribery and corruption was common in
corruption do illegal things by paying them, kəˈrʌpʃən their industry.
giving them presents, etc.
52 bring out sth verb to make a particular quality brɪŋ ˈaʊt I often felt that my silence brought out the
(in sb) noticeable best in people.

53 bring sb face-to- phrase to bring someone to meet a person brɪŋ ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs I'd like to bring him face-to-face with his
face with a against whom they have committed wɪð ə ˌvɪktɪm victim.
victim a crime
54 brush up (one’s verb to improve your skills in a language brʌʃ ˈʌp Ellen MacArthur’s career forced her to
French / brush up her school-girl French.
German, etc)
55 bungalow noun a house that has all its rooms on the ˈbʌŋgələʊ My grandparents live in a bungalow.
ground floor
56 cabin noun a small house made of wood ˈkæbɪn The walk took us to a log cabin in the
woods.
57 calm turquoise phrase very still, blue-green sea ˌkɑːm ˌtɜːkwɔɪz The sight of pristine beaches and calm
waters ˈwɔːtəz turquoise waters made us forget our long
journey in an instant.

58 capability noun the ability or power to do something ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlɪti He has the capability to do well at school.
59 capitalism noun a political and economic system in ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm They were protesting against capitalism.
which industry is owned privately
for profit and not by the state
60 cast your mind phrase to try to remember something that ˌkɑːst jɔː maɪnd If you cast your mind back to the last
back (to sth) happened in the past ˈbæk meeting, you'll remember that we agreed
to increase the fee.
61 cause verb to make something happen, kɔːz Sunbathing can cause wrinkles.
especially something bad
62 circulation noun the movement of blood around the ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən This alternative massage is designed to
body stimulate the blood circulation, creating a
youthful glow.

63 clear skin phrase skin, especially on the face, that has ˌklɪə ˈskɪn Drinking lots of water can help you to have
no spots or marks clear skin.
64 clear-headed adj thinking in a clear and logical way ˌklɪəˈhedɪd She made her decision in a clear-headed
way.
65 closeness noun knowing someone well and liking ˈkləʊsnəs There was a closeness between them.
each other a lot
66 cluttered adj untidy and too full of objects ˈklʌtəd I like this photo of a room with very little
furniture in it - it's not too cluttered.
67 coldness noun the quality of being unfriendly ˈkəʊldnəs I was upset by her coldness towards us.

68 collaboration noun when two or more people work kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən They worked in close collaboration with an
together to create or achieve the architect.
same thing, or a product of this
69 come across (to verb to seem to be a particular kind of kʌm əˈkrɒs How do I come across to other people?
sb) person
70 come out in (a verb If you come out in something such as kʌm ˈaʊt ɪn If you have an allergic reaction, your skin
rash, blotches, spots, they appear on your skin. might come out in spots.
etc)
71 come to mind phrase If something comes to mind, you ˌkʌm tə ˈmaɪnd If I think of my time in New York, the first
think of it. thing that comes to mind is a yellow taxi.
72 community noun work that is of benefit to the ˌduː kəˌmjuːnəti Community service is a more effective
service community, done as a form of ˈsɜːvɪs punishment than prison.
punishment

73 competence noun the ability to do something well ˈkɒmpɪtəns What level of competence would you like to
attain eventually?
74 concept noun an idea or principle ˈkɒnsept She illustrated the concept with examples.
75 conclude verb to end something kənˈkluːd She concluded by encouraging more people
to try one of their free community
education courses.
76 conference noun a large meeting, often lasting a few ˈkɒnfərəns He addressed the conference on Friday.
days, where people talk about a
subject
77 conscientious adj always doing your work with a lot of ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs He is a very conscientious student.
care

78 conscious adj awake and able to think and notice ˈkɒnʃəs She was badly injured, but still conscious.
things
79 construction noun businesses and industries connected kənˈstrʌkʃən ˌsektə He works in the construction sector - he's a
sector with making buildings, roads, etc building manager.
80 contract verb to make a legal agreement with kənˈtrækt The firm was contracted to supply the
someone to do work or to have work wood.
done for you
81 contract noun a legal agreement between two ˈkɒntrækt He won a major contract for his company.
people or organizations
82 convict sb of sth phrase to say officially that someone is kənˈvɪkt əv There wasn't enough evidence to convict
guilty of a crime her of the crime.

83 convinced adj completely certain about something kənˈvɪnst My grandmother was absolutely convinced
that black cats were unlucky.
84 convincing adj able to make you believe that kənˈvɪnsɪŋ The idea that horseshoes bring you luck
something is true or right doesn’t seem very convincing to me.
85 crawl verb to move on your hands and knees krɔːl He crawled up the stairs.
86 credit card phrase the crime of using a credit card or th ˈkredɪt kɑːd ˌfrɔːd Credit card fraud usually happens because
fraud details of a credit card in an illegal people are careless.
way
87 creep verb to move very quietly and carefully kriːp He crept into the house.

88 customary adj normal or expected for a particular ˈkʌstəməri It is customary to hang horseshoes above
person, situation, or society the front door.
89 cut oneself off verb to keep yourself away from other kʌt wʌnself ˈɒf People go into some kind of retreat to cut
people themselves off from the outside world.
90 dark pools of phrase small areas of water that is dark in dɑːk ˌpuːlz əv We avoided the dark pools of stagnant
stagnant water colour and smells unpleasant ˌstægnənt ˈwɔːtə water and eventually reached the firmer
because it does not flow ground beyond.
91 dated adj not modern ˈdeɪtɪd Those houses are totally nondescript and
pretty dated.
92 dedication noun being willing to give a lot of time and ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃən Learning a language requires dedication.
energy to something because you
believe it is very important

93 demonstrate a verb to show a different way of doing ˌdemənstreɪt ə He demonstrated their new approach but
new approach something ˌnjuː əˈprəʊtʃ it was all a bit boring.
94 demonstrate phrase to show that you understand ˌdemənstreɪt wʌnz She demonstrated her understanding of
one's something well ʌndəˈstændɪŋ complex social issues by explaining them in
understanding everyday language.
95 dense adj with a lot of people or things close dens Quietly we moved through the dense
together vegetation.
96 deprived adj not having enough food, money, and dɪˈpraɪvd In the most deprived areas of the city,
the things that you need to have a unemployment stands at around 50%.
normal life
97 destitute adj so poor that you do not have the ˈdestɪtjuːt They lost everything they had in the flood
basic things you need to live, such as and were left destitute.
food, clothes, or money

98 devastated adj very shocked and upset ˈdevəsteɪtɪd It was the biggest game of the year and we
had played appallingly. I was absolutely
devastated.
99 discipline noun the ability to control yourself and ˈdɪsəplɪn I don't have the discipline to study alone.
make yourself do things
100 disillusioned adj feeling disappointed because ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒənd She became disillusioned with politics.
something is not as good as you
thought it was
101 disposable phrase the amount of money that you have dɪˌspəʊzəbl̩ ˈɪŋkʌm He lives with his parents and pays no bills,
income available to spend after tax, rent and so he has a lot of disposable income.
other basic things that you must pay
for
102 distraction noun something that makes you stop dɪˈstrækʃən I couldn't understand him because there
giving your attention to something were too many distractions in the room.
else

103 distribution noun when something is supplied or given ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən They helped with the distribution of
out to people or places supplies.
104 drift verb to be moved slowly somewhere by drɪft The boat drifted out to sea.
wind or water
105 drift off to sleep phrase to to gradually start to sleep ˌdrɪft ɒf tə ˈsliːp I go back to bed and I drift off to sleep for a
couple of hours.
106 drop off to sleep phrase to start to sleep ˌdrɒp ɒf tə ˈsliːp I get tired around 03:00 and I drop off to
sleep until 07:00 or so.
107 dry skin phrase skin that does not have as much oil ˌdraɪ ˈskɪn This cream can help to prevent dry skin.
in it as it needs

108 dubious adj thought not to be completely true, ˈdjuːbiəs I think most things that fortune tellers say
honest, or legal are dubious, to say the least.
109 elaborate adj complicated or with a lot of details ɪˈlæbərət He's wearing an elaborate costume with
fur and feathers and gold buttons.
110 empty phrase an open area of countryside with ˌempti ˈmɔːlənd Empty moorland stretches towards the
moorland rough grass and bushes but no trees distant mountains.
111 energy sector noun businesses and industries connected ˈenədʒi ˌsektə There have been large price rises in the
with producing and selling fuel energy sector.
112 entirely phrase not noticed at all ɪnˌtaɪəli ʌnˈnəʊtɪst These changes can have a hugely
unnoticed significant impact but can go entirely
unnoticed while they are in progress.

113 evocative adj making you remember or imagine ɪˈvɒkətɪv These old photos are very evocative.
something that is pleasant
114 exclusion noun when someone or something is not ɪkˈskluːʒən Studies have found that merely being
allowed to take part in an activity or reminded of an experience of exclusion
to enter a place prompts people to judge a room’s
temperature as colder.
115 exotic adj unusual, interesting, and often ɪgˈzɒtɪk Street photography doesn't rely on having
foreign exotic lenses.
116 export verb to send goods to another country in ɪkˈspɔːt They export a lot of the fruit they grow.
order to sell them there
117 export noun a product that you sell in another ˈekspɔːt Our main export is oil.
country

118 exposure noun when someone experiences ɪkˈspəʊʒə English speakers have little to no exposure
something or is affected by it to the sounds of foreign languages.
because they are in a particular
situation or place
119 facial adj of or on the face ˈfeɪʃəl This treatment is designed to keep the
facial muscles firm.
120 facial noun a beauty treatment involving gentle ˈfeɪʃəl The facial leaves you with a glowing
rubbing of creams into the face complexion.
121 fairness noun when you treat everyone in the ˈfeənəs Well my idea for changing the world can
same way, so that no one has an be justified on the grounds of justice and
advantage fairness.
122 far-fetched adj difficult to believe and not likely to ˌfɑːˈfetʃt People’s stories about seeing ghosts usually
be true sound rather far-fetched to me.

123 finance noun the money that someone / an ˈfaɪnæns Most of our finance comes from the
organisation has government.
124 finance verb to give the money that is needed to fɪˈnæns / ˈfaɪnæns We borrowed money to finance the project.
do something
125 financial sector noun businesses and industries connected faɪˈnænʃəl ˌsektə She works in the financial sector as banker.
with money
126 find sb guilty phrase If a judge or jury finds you guilty, ˌfaɪnd ˈgɪlti I think the jury will find him guilty.
(of sth) they decide that you committed a
crime.
127 fine verb to make someone pay money as a faɪn The judge fined her £3,000.
punishment

128 fine lines phrase very narrow lines on the skin of ˌfaɪn ˈlaɪnz I use make-up to hide any fine lines.
your face
129 firm adj not soft, but not completely hard fɜːm This treatment is designed to keep the
facial muscles firm.
130 fit in verb to feel that you belong to a fɪt ˈɪn Talking to people is a way of fitting in.
particular group and are accepted
by them
131 flawless adj with no mistakes or bad ˈ lɔːləs You need perfect light to create a flawless
characteristics image.
132 foothills plural the lower hills next to a mountain or ˈfʊthɪlz We visited a remote village in the foothills.
noun line of mountains

133 forest canopy phrase the branches and leaves that spread ˌfɒrɪst ˈkænəpi Looking up, I saw the forest canopy far
out at the top of a group of trees above my head.
forming a type of roof
134 freckles plural small, pale brown spots on the skin ˈfrekəlz She gets lots of freckles in summer.
noun
135 fresh adj clean and pleasant freʃ The facial leaves your skin feeling fresh
and renewed.
136 frustrated adj annoyed because things are not frʌsˈtreɪtɪd I needed to get in touch but I couldn’t track
happening in the way that you want, her down. I felt very frustrated.
or in the way that they should
137 gain phrase to learn to understand which things ˌgeɪn pəˈspektɪv We gain perspective at the cost of intimacy.
perspective are most important in life

138 get verb to obtain or buy something get Most people hate it when they start getting
wrinkles.
139 get accustomed phrase to experience something often ˌget əˈkʌstəmd tu: When he went to live in Korea, he quickly
to sth enough for it to seem normal to you got accustomed to the sound of the
language.
140 get to grips phrase to understand and deal with a ˌget tə ˈɡrɪps wɪð The sounds of Finnish are quite unique, so I
with sth problem or situation found it dificult to to get to grips with the
pronunciation.
141 give testimony phrase to give a statement in court about gɪv ˌtestɪməni ɪn She gave testimony in court that she had
in court what you know about a crime ˈkɔːt seen the accused running from the scene of
the crime.
142 glassy-eyed adj having shiny eyes that make you ˌglɑːsi ˈaɪd The robot spoke to me, whirring and glassy-
look as though you have no emotions eyed.

143 gleeful adj full of happiness, excitement or ˈɡliːfəl She gave a gleeful laugh.
pleasure
144 go into far too phrase to give much too much information ˌgəʊ ɪntə ˌfɑː tuː She went into far too much detail and
much detail about something mʌtʃ ˈdiːteɪl presented the information badly.
145 go into the finer phrase to talk about small details of ˌgəʊ ɪntə ðə ˌfaɪnə I won't go into the finer points of the law.
points something ˈpɔɪnts
146 go on about sth verb to talk in an annoying way about gəʊ ˈɒn əbaʊt He always goes on about his dogs when I
something for a long time go and see him.
147 go with one's phrase to do what your feelings tell you is ˌgəʊ wɪð wʌnz gʌt If I need to think quickly, I always go with
gut instinct right ˈɪnstɪŋkt my gut instinct.

148 good fortune phrase good luck ˌgʊd ˈfɔːtʃuːn The charm invites good fortune and brings
wealth to the owner.
149 good luck phrase an object that is thought to have the ˌgʊd ˈlʌk ˌtʃɑːm These bracelets are worn as a good luck
charm ability to bring good luck charm.
150 graceful adj elegant and attractive ˈgreɪsfəl The graceful, elegant lines of the building
are very pleasing to the eye. It’s stunning.
151 gradually give phrase to slowly be replaced by something ˌgrædjʊli gɪv ˈweɪ Modal verbs are gradually giving way to
way to sth tuː other less formal expressions.
152 grasp verb to understand something grɑːsp Because I understood some French, I could
grasp some of what they were saying.

153 grasp phrase to understand other people's ˌgrɑːsp ˈvjuːpɔɪnts According to new research, people exposed
viewpoints opinions to warmer temperatures find it harder to
grasp viewpoints other than their own.
154 gritty adj showing unpleasant details about a ˈgrɪti His war photographs were very gritty.
situation in a way that seems very
real
155 grow phrase to increase by a large amount ˌgrəʊ səbˈstænʃəli The use of get passives has grown
substantially substantially.
156 gullible adj Someone who is gullible is easily ˈgʌləbl̩ People who believe in good luck charms
tricked because they trust people must be very gullible.
too much.
157 hair-raising adj very frightening ˈheəˌreɪzɪŋ The brakes on the bus weren’t working
properly so it was a hair-raising journey.

158 half-hearted adj without much effort or interest ˌhɑːfˈhɑːtɪd He offered to help, but it was very half-
hearted.
159 hard-hearted adj not caring how other people feel ˌhɑːdˈhɑːtɪd Don’t expect any sympathy – he’s very
hard-hearted.
160 hardship noun a problem or situation that makes ˈhɑːdʃɪp Many farmers are facing real economic
you suffer a lot, especially because hardship after the drought killed all their
you are very poor crops.
161 have verb to own something hæv If you want to be a model, it helps to have a
glowing complexion.
162 have a hunch phrase to have an idea that is based on ˌhæv ə ˈhʌntʃ I had a hunch that I should resign, and I
feeling and for which there is no was right.
proof

163 have a nap phrase to have a short sleep ˌhæv ə ˈnæp I may have a nap later in the day, after
lunch.
164 have an ear for phrase to be good at hearing, repeating, or ˌhæv ən ˈɪə fə Penny’s lucky – she has an ear for
sth understanding a particular type of languages.
sound
165 heart trouble phrase an illness connected with the heart ˈhɑːt ˌtrʌbl̩ Tooth loss and heart trouble are not
inevitable parts of ageing,
166 heart-warming adj seeming to be something positive ˈhɑːtˌwɔːmɪŋ The sight of elderly people in love is heart-
and good and therefore causing warming.
feelings of pleasure and happiness
167 helpless adj not able to do things for yourself or ˈhelpləs I felt helpless because there was nothing I
protect yourself could do.

168 hold a phrase to have a conversation ˌhəʊld ə After about a year, he found he could a
conversation ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən hold a conversation in Italian without too
much effort.
169 hold oneself verb to prevent yourself from doing həʊld wʌnself ˈbæk I often wanted to criticize them but I had
back something to hold myself back.
170 hold sb in phrase to keep someone in prison, ˌhəʊld ɪn ˈkʌstədi How long do you think they'll hold her in
custody especially when waiting for a trial custody?
171 hold sb in phrase to keep someone in a room on their ˌhəʊld ɪn ˌsɒlɪtəri Do you think they will hold her in solitary
solitary own in a prison kənˈfaɪnmənt confinement?
confinement
172 housing estate noun an area with a large number of ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɪˌsteɪt I grew up on a housing estate near
houses that were built at the same Hamburg.
time

173 huge sand phrase very large hills of sand in a desert on ˌhjuːdʒ ˈsænd On our third day we came to some huge
dunes on the coast dʒuːnz sand dunes.
174 hugely phrase very important ˌhjuːdʒli These changes can have a hugely
significant sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt significant impact but can go entirely
unnoticed while they are in progress.
175 humanlike adj similar to a person ˈhjuːmənlaɪk Zeno is staring at me, at once uncannily
humanlike but also eerily blank-eyed.
176 humorous adj funny, or making you laugh ˈhjuːmərəs Erwitt's photographs tended to be playful,
humorous and amusing.
177 hurtle verb to move very quickly in a way which ˈhɜːtl̩ We hurtled down a 1,600-foot volcanic
is not controlled and may be slope.
dangerous

178 iconic adj very famous or popular, especially aɪˈkɒnɪk You may perhaps have seen some of the
being considered to represent artist's iconic work.
particular opinions or a particular
time
179 illustrate verb to show the meaning or truth of ˈɪləstreɪt He used lots of anecdotes to illustrate his
something more clearly points.
180 immerse phrase to become completely involved in ɪˈmɜːs wʌnˌself ɪn She spent six weeks in Poland and really
oneself in sth something immersed herself in the language and
culture.
181 import verb to buy or bring in products from ɪmˈpɔːt We have to import this stone from Italy.
another country
182 import noun a product which is imported from ˈɪmpɔːt There are high taxes on imports.
another country

183 imposing adj looking big and important ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ As the town is fairly small, the large castle
on the hill is really too imposing and seems
out of place.
184 impoverished adj poor or made poor ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt There’s no money to help impoverished
communities build basic facilities like
schools and medical centres.
185 increase noun when the number or size of ˈɪnkriːs They have offered their workers a pay
something gets bigger increase.
186 increase verb to get bigger or to make something ɪnˈkriːs Sales have increased recently.
bigger
187 industrial noun businesses and industries connected ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˌsektə High fuel prices have damaged the
sector with producing goods, especially in industrial sector.
factories or special areas

188 injection noun when someone puts a drug into your ɪnˈdʒekʃən There’s no need to resort to painful
body using a needle injections or plastic surgery.
189 innovation noun a new idea or method that is being ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən He knows about all the lastest innovations
tried for the first time, or the use of in computer technology.
such ideas or methods
190 innovative adj using new methods or ideas ˈɪnəvətɪv The council wanted a striking and
innovative town hall to bring a modern
edge to their city.
191 insecure adj having no confidence in yourself and ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə I was the only person at the party who
what you can do was over 40. I felt a bit insecure.
192 insight noun the ability to understand what ˈɪnsaɪt She has little insight into their lives.
something is really like, or an
example of this

193 interaction noun the activity of talking and doing ˌɪntəˈrækʃən Robots can never replace human beings in
things with other people, or the way any context that requires interaction with
you do this people.
194 interference noun when something affects what you ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns They struggle with first language
are trying to achieve interference.
195 intimacy noun when you have a very special ˈɪntɪməsi We gain perspective at the cost of intimacy.
friendship or sexual relationship
with someone
196 isolated adj feeling unhappy because of not ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd People worry that social media are making
seeing or talking to other people us lonely and isolated.
197 isolation noun a feeling of being lonely ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən She was suffering feelings of isolation.

198 jaw-dropping adj very surprising or shocking ˈdʒɔːˌdrɒpɪŋ The amount they paid for the house was
jaw-dropping.
199 jealous adj not happy because you want ˈdʒeləs My brother had money, friends, and now a
something that someone else has charming wife. I felt extremely jealous.
200 jungle noun an area of land in a hot country ˈdʒʌŋgl̩ He travelled right through a chunk of
where trees and plants grow close Africa’s most threatened jungle
together environment.
201 keep at it phrase to continue working hard at kiːp ˈæt ɪt People tend to give up on second language
something difficult learning too easily. You need to keep at it if
you want to succeed.
202 know sth phrase to know something without actively ˌnəʊ sʌbˈkɒntʃəsli I think I know subconsciously when people
subconsciously thinking about it are lying to me.

203 lasting adj continuing to exist for a long time ˈlɑːstɪŋ One lasting change to English that was
barely perceptible at the time is known as
The Great Vowel Shift.
204 leap verb to jump somewhere liːp She leaped over the rocks.
205 left-handed adj using your left hand to do most ˌleftˈhændɪd My sister is left-handed.
things
206 liberation noun an occasion when something or ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən I felt a great sense of liberation when I left
someone is released or made free. my job.
207 lifelike adj If something is lifelike, it looks real. ˈlaɪflaɪk The robot's skin looks and feels startlingly
lifelike.

208 light sleeper phrase someone who is easily woken up by ə ˌlaɪt ˈsliːpə I’ve always been a light sleeper.
noise, etc
209 light-headed adj dizzy ˌlaɪtˈhedɪd After eating nothing for ten hours, I began
to feel a bit light-headed.
210 light-hearted adj not serious ˌlaɪtˈhɑːtɪd I’m fed up with serious films. I’d like to see
something more light-hearted.
211 limitation noun when something is controlled so ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən There are financial limitations on their
that it is less than a particular education.
amount or number
212 limp verb to walk with difficulty because one lɪmp He limped off the pitch.
of your legs or feet is hurt

213 literacy noun the ability to read and write ˈlɪtərəsi Literacy rates have gone up in the area.
214 live within phrase to not spend more money than you ˌlɪv wɪˌðɪn wʌnz We can’t go on using our credit cards all
one's means have ˈmiːnz the time. We have to learn to live within
our means.
215 loneliness noun the state of being lonely ˈləʊnlinəs Loneliness makes people feel cold.
216 magic spell noun words that are thought to have ˌmædʒɪk ˈspel This mirror protects the house against
magical powers magic spells.
217 make a wish phrase to think of something that you hope ˌmeɪk ə ˈwɪʃ You make a wish with every knot you tie in
will be made real by magic powers the ribbon.

218 make an phrase to say that someone has done ˌmeɪk ən When the missing money was noticed, they
allegation of sth something wrong æləˈgeɪʃən əgenst made an allegation of fraud against Smith.
against sb
219 make phrase to say things very quietly so that meɪk ˌkɒments He kept making comments under his
comments other people cannot hear exactly ʌndə wʌnz ˈbreθ breath when he was supposed to be
under one's what you are saying addressing the audience.
breath
220 make ends meet phrase to have or earn enough money to be ˌmeɪk endz ˈmiːt Even though I got a pay rise last year, I still
able to pay for the things you need find it difficult to make ends meet.
221 make phrase to say things without thinking meɪk ˌθrəʊəweɪ She made some throwaway remarks about
throwaway carefully and in a way that is not rɪˈmɑːks her childhood.
remarks intended to be serious
222 mansion noun a very large house ˈmænʃən I know a millionaire who owns a mansion
in the Carribbean.

223 manufacturing noun businesses and industries connected ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərɪŋ Our manufacturing sector has shrunk
sector with making goods ˌsektə considerably.
224 march verb When soldiers march, they walk mɑːtʃ The soldiers marched through the square.
together with regular steps.
225 marsh noun an area of soft, wet land mɑːʃ Tall grasses grew in the marsh.
226 materialism noun the belief that having money and məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm I hate the materialism of our society.
possessions is the most important
thing in life
227 meaningful adj useful, serious, or important ˈmiːnɪŋfəl Photos that evoke emotions are far more
powerful and meaningful than just photos
with good composition.

228 mentality noun a person's opinions or way of menˈtæləti You have to have the right mentality to
thinking learn a language.
229 mind-boggling adj difficult to accept, imagine, or ˈmaɪndˌbɒgl̩ɪŋ Did you know there are 100 billion stars
understand just in our own galaxy? It’s mind-boggling.
230 moisturise verb to put cream on your skin to stop it ˈmɔɪstʃəraɪz Moisturising daily combined with weekly
from becoming dry facials helps to tighten and plump the skin.
231 mosquito- phrase an area of very soft, wet land that mɒˌskiːtəʊ We made slow progress through the
infested swamp has a lot of mosquitos in it ɪnˌfestɪd ˈswɒmp mosquito-infested swamp.
232 motivation noun the need or reason for doing ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃən They have no motivation to learn the
something language.

233 mouth-watering adj delicious ˈmaʊθˌwɔːtərɪŋ We had some mouth-watering Thai food.
234 move on to a phrase to start to talk about something muːv ˌɒn tuː ə ˌnjuː She lost her place whenever she moved on
new/different different / ˌdɪfərənt ˈtɒpɪk to a new topic!
topic
235 narrow-minded adj not willing to accept new ideas or ˌnærəʊˈmaɪndɪd Everyone in the village disapproves of my
opinions different from your own lifestyle. They’re all so narrow-minded.
236 necessity noun something that you need nəˈsesɪti There is no necessity to learn the language.
237 nervousness noun the state of being nervous ˈnɜːvəsnəs I could sense her nervousness.

238 nondescript adj not interesting ˈnɒndɪskrɪpt Those houses are totally nondescript and
pretty dated.
239 no-nonsense adj practical and serious, and only ˌnəʊˈnɒn.səns He gave us some no-nonsense advice.
interested in doing what is
necessary or achieving what is
intended, without silly ideas or
methods
240 nonsensical adj silly or stupid ˌnɒnˈsensɪkl̩ His theories are completely nonsensical.
241 not sleep a wink phrase to not sleep at all nɒt ˌsliːp ə ˈwɪŋk I couldn’t sleep a wink.
242 observant adj good or quick at noticing things əbˈzɜːvənt Good street photography comes down to
having an observant eye.

243 oily skin phrase skin that has too much oil in it ˌɔɪli ˈskɪn Don't put cream on an oily skin.
244 on impulse phrase suddenly and without thinking first ɒn ˈɪmpʌls On impulse, I married someone I’d only just
met and went to live in Japan.
245 on the increase phrase If something is on the increase, it is ˌɒn ðiː ˈɪnkriːs There was a steady shift toward more
happening more often. frequent use of the verb + -ing and these
forms are still on the increase.
246 ongoing adj still happening ˈɒŋgəʊɪŋ There are far more subtle, ongoing
language changes taking place at any
given time.
247 open-minded adj willing to consider ideas and ˌəʊpənˈmaɪndɪd He considers other points of view – he's
opinions that are new or different to open-minded.
your own

248 optimism noun when you believe good things will ˈɒptɪmɪzəm There is little cause for optimism.
happen
249 ostracism noun the practice of avoiding someone ˈɒstrəsɪzəm In a recent experiment, ostracism led to a
intentionally or preventing them drop in skin temperature.
from taking part in the activities of a
group
250 out of place adj very different from other things in ˌaʊt əv ˈpleɪs As the town is fairly small, the large castle
an area and not seeming suitable for on the hill is really too imposing and seems
it out of place.
251 over the top adj too extreme and not suitable ˌəʊvə ðə ˈtɒp I really like the gold leaf in the ceiling
decorations, but for some people it’s
tasteless and over the top.
252 over-excited adj behaving in a silly way because you ˌəʊvərɪkˈsaɪtɪd The children were a bit over-excited.
are too excited

253 oversleep verb to sleep longer than you wanted to ˌəʊvəˈsliːp I never oversleep because I have to get to
work.
254 pay tribute (to phrase to praise someone or something ˌpeɪ ˈtrɪbjuːt She began by paying tribute to all the
sb / sth) teachers who had inspired her throughout
her school years.
255 penthouse noun an expensive apartment at the top of ˈpenthaʊs She lives in a smart London penthouse.
a building
256 persuasive adj able to make people agree to do pəˈsweɪsɪv When she talks about magic, I’m sure what
something she says is true. She’s very persuasive.
257 petrified adj extremely frightened ˈpetrəfaɪd There was a snake crawling across my foot.
I felt absolutely petrified.

258 pick up (a new verb to learn a new language by pɪk ˈʌp She explained how she picked up the
language, practising it and not by being taught language.
phrases, etc)
259 plastic surgery noun operations on someone's face or ˌplæstɪk ˈsɜːdʒəri There’s no need to resort to painful
body to make them more attractive injections or plastic surgery.
260 plausible adj If something that someone says or ˈplɔːzəbl̩ My friend says a fortune teller’s advice led
writes is plausible, it could be true. him to success, but I don’t find this very
plausible.
261 playful adj funny and not serious ˈpleɪfəl Erwitt's photographs tended to be playful,
humorous and amusing.
262 plead guilty (to phrase to admit in court that you ˌpliːd ˈgɪlti He was given a lighter prison sentence
sth) committed a crime because he pleaded guilty to the crime.

263 plunge verb to fall or move down very quickly plʌndʒ We were plunging through the air, 18,000
and with force feet above the earth.
264 poor circulation phrase when the blood does not travel ˌpɔː sɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən Poor circulation can be improved by
around your body as strongly as it regular cardiovascular exercise.
should
265 possession of a phrase the crime of having illegal drugs pəˌzeʃən əv ə He was arrested on suspicion of possession
controlled kənˌtrəʊld of a controlled substance.
substance ˈsʌbstəns
266 power station noun a place where electricity is produced ˈpaʊə ˌsteɪʃən I work at a power station on the coast.
267 powerful adj having a very great effect on your ˈpaʊəfəl Photos that evoke emotions are far more
emotions powerful and meaningful than just photos
with good composition.

268 prejudice noun when someone does not like a group ˈpredʒʊdɪs There is a history of prejudice in the US
of people or treats them badly south.
because they are a different race,
sex, religion, etc
269 present verb to give, provide, or make something prɪˈzənt She went into far too much detail and
known presented the information badly.
270 present key phrase to tell an audience very important prɪˌzənt ˌkiː She presented key information in easy-to-
information facts ɪnfəˈmeɪʃən read tables.
271 prestige noun when people feel respect and presˈtiːʒ They like the prestige of knowing a second
admiration for you, often because language.
you are successful
272 prevent verb to stop something happening or to prɪˈvent Anti-ageing creams are designed to
stop someone doing something prevent wrinkles.

273 pristine phrase very clean and beautiful beaches ˌprɪstiːn ˈbiːtʃɪz The sight of pristine beaches and calm
beaches turquoise waters made us forget our long
journey in an instant.
274 project verb to emphasise a particular quality, so prəˈdʒekt The president sought to project a much
that this is what people notice about tougher image.
you
275 project noun a planned piece of work ˈprɒdʒekt We have now finished our research project.
276 prone to (spots, phrase likely to suffer from an illness or ˈprəʊn tuː Young people are often prone to acne.
oily skin, etc) show a negative characteristic
277 prosperity noun when a person or a country has a lot prɒsˈperɪti There’s a direct relationship between a
of money good education system and the economic
prosperity of a country.

278 protective adj wanting to protect someone from prəˈtektɪv His parents were very protective.
criticism, hurt, danger, etc because
you like them
279 public sector noun businesses and industries that are ˈpʌblɪk ˌsektə Public sector workers are asking the
owned or controlled by the government for a pay rise.
government
280 put sth into phrase to start to do something you have ˌpʊt ɪntuː ˈpræktɪs Unless I put a new piece of language into
practice learned how to do practice immediately, I find I forget it.
281 rainforest noun a forest with a lot of tall trees where ˈreɪnfɒrɪst I wanted to find out what life in the heart
it rains a lot of a tropical rainforest was really like.
282 rash noun a temporary skin condition ræʃ This cream helps reduce scars, acne and
involving a group of small spots skin rashes, as well as smoothing out
wrinkles.

283 rational adj based on facts and not affected by ˈræʃənəl I’m a very rational thinker.
someone's emotions or imagination
284 raw adj Feelings or qualities that are raw are rɔː You can sense the raw emotion in her
strong and difficult to control. paintings.
285 reasonable adj fair and showing good judgment ˈriːzənəbl̩ If you explain your problem, I'm sure your
parents will be reasonable.
286 receive one-to- phrase to get advice from someone who is rɪˌsiːv ˌwʌn tə wʌn Receiving group counselling will not help
one / group trained to listen to your problems / ˌgruːp ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ the most serious offenders.
counselling on your own / with a group of other
people
287 receive phrase to get help from a doctor who treats rɪˌsiːv saɪkiˈætrɪk Prisoners with mental health issues receive
psychiatric help mental illness ˌhelp psychiatric help.

288 record verb to write down information or store rɪˈkɔːd We recorded all their names.
it on a computer so that it can be
used in the future
289 record noun information that is written on paper ˈrekɔːd There is no record of her visit.
or stored on a computer so that it
can be used in the future
290 recreate verb to make something exist or happen ˌriːkriˈeɪt There’s a place in China where they’ve
again recreated a traditional English town.
291 redevelop verb to make a place more modern by ˌriːdɪˈveləp The entire half-mile long stretch of road
improving old buildings or building and pavement has been redeveloped.
new ones
292 refresh one’s hp to remind yourself of something you rɪˌfreʃ wʌnz Before going into class, she reads the
memory (of sth) already know ˈmeməri register to refresh her memory of her
students’ names.

293 regain verb to get something back again rɪˈgeɪn The town needs new industries so it
regains its appeal as a place to live and
work.
294 regenerate verb to improve a place or system rɪˈdʒenəreɪt The council’s policy is to regenerate the
port area of the city.
295 regular phrase regular exercise that strengthens ˌregjʊlə Poor circulation can be improved by
cardiovascular your heart and lungs kɑːdiəʊˌvæskjʊlər regular cardiovascular exercise.
exercise ˈeksəsaɪz
296 reinstate verb to cause a rule, law, etc to exist again ˌriːɪnˈsteɪt Removing the speed limit led to so many
accidents that they reinstated it.
297 rejuvenate verb to make a place look new and lively rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt It’s good that students are moving into this
again area. It will help to rejuvenate it.

298 relate to sb verb to understand and communicate rɪˈleɪt tə The most interesting thing was the way
with someone in a particular way other people related to me.
299 reluctance noun when someone does not want to do rɪˈlʌktəns Do you think that the reluctance to learn
something English is just a feature of Britain?
300 remote adj far away rɪˈməʊt We visited a remote village in the foothills.
301 renovate verb to repair and decorate a building ˈrenəveɪt It’s a beautiful old building. They just need
that is old and in bad condition to renovate it.
302 repetitive adj doing or saying the same thing rɪˈpetətɪv The photos are very similar - they get a bit
several times, especially in a way repetitive.
that is boring

303 restless adj not able to be still or relax because ˈrestləs I couldn’t concentrate on my book or TV or
you are bored or nervous work. I was terribly restless.
304 restless adj unwilling or unable to stay still or to ˈrestləs I naturally wake around 01:00 or 02:00 in
be quiet and calm, because you are the morning and I feel wide awake and
worried or bored quite restless.
305 restore verb to repair something old rɪˈstɔː The fountain in the main square was dry
and falling to pieces. Now they’ve restored
it.
306 retail park noun an area with several large shops, ˈriːteɪl ˌpɑːk We drove to a retail park to do some
usually outside a city shopping.
307 retail sector noun businesses and industries connected ˈriːteɪl ˌsektə There are plenty of jobs in the retail sector.
with selling things in shops or online

308 revamp verb to change something in order to ˌriːˈvæmp This is the newly revamped Exhibition
make it better Road in the heart of London’s museum
quarter.
309 rich green phrase a field with a lot of grass ˌrɪtʃ ˌgriːn ˈmedəʊ In front of the cottage was a rich green
meadow meadow where cows grazed.
310 rocky ground phrase ground that is covered with large ˌrɒki ˈgraʊnd The rocky ground is unsuitable for farming.
pieces of stone
311 roll verb to move somewhere by turning in a rəʊl This is the sport of rolling downhill at high
circular direction speed.
312 rudeness noun the quality of being rude ˈruːdnəs We were shocked by his rudeness.

313 rugged phrase rough and rocky land by the edge of ˌrʌgɪd ˈkəʊstlaɪn The rugged coastline is famous for its
coastline the sea beauty.
314 run sb down verb to criticize someone, often unfairly rʌn ˈdaʊn He usually likes to run down some
politician or other.
315 rush verb to hurry or move somewhere quickly rʌʃ They rushed to catch the train.
316 rusty adj If a skill you had is rusty, it is not ˈrʌsti When I'm away from France, my French
now good because you have gets rusty.
forgotten it.
317 sagging adj hanging down lower, less firm than ˈsæɡɪŋ Massage can help to prevent sagging skin.
before

318 saggy skin phrase skin that is loose and hangs down ˌsæɡi ˈskɪn He has saggy skin on the backs of his arms.
319 satisfied adj pleased because you have got what ˈsætɪsfaɪd We were very satisfied with our holiday.
you wanted
320 sb's eyesight phrase If your eyesight deteriorates, you ˌaɪsaɪt dɪˈtɪəriəreɪts Her eyesight is deteriorating and she's got
deteriorates begin to see less well. arthritis in her knees.
321 scar noun a permanent mark left on the body skɑː This cream helps reduce scars, acne and
from a cut or other injury skin rashes, as well as smoothing out
wrinkles.
322 security noun when something is not likely to fail sɪˈkjʊərɪti These people have no job security.
or be lost

323 see other phrase to understand the situations and ˌsiː ʌðə pəˈspektɪvz We’re better at seeing other perspectives
perspectives opinions of other people when we’re chilly.
324 self-confident adj feeling sure about yourself and your ˌselfˈkɒnfɪdənt He's not self-confident enough to perform
abilities in public.
325 self-conscious adj too aware of what other people are ˌselfˈkɒnʃəs She's very self-conscious because of her
thinking about you and your height.
appearance
326 self-conscious adj too aware of what other people are ˌselfˈkɒnʃəs She's very self-conscious because of her
thinking about you and your height.
appearance
327 self-determined adj making your own decisions ˌselfdɪˈtɜːmɪnd The robot may start to evolve
spontaneously and unpredictably,
producing surprising results, totally self-
determined.

328 selfishness noun the quality of being selfish ˈselfɪʃnəs He complained about the selfishness of his
brothers.
329 sell an idea phrase to persuade people that an idea is ˌsel ən aɪˈdɪə In her presentation, she sold the idea of
good more flexible working hours to her
managers.
330 semi-detached adj A semi-detached house has one wall ˌsemidɪˈtætʃt Our house is semi-detached.
that is joined to another house.
331 sensational adj very exciting or extremely good senˈseɪʃənəl The new art gallery looks sensational.
332 sensible adj showing the ability to make good ˈsensɪbl̩ It's not sensible to lie in the sun for too long.
decisions and do things which will
not make problems

333 sensitive adj often upset by the things people say ˈsensɪtɪv He's very sensitive and gets upset if people
or do criticize him.
334 sentence sb to phrase to give someone the punishment of ˌsentənts tə ˌlaɪf The judge sentenced her to life
life spending the rest of their life in ɪmˈprɪzənmənt imprisonment.
imprisonment prison
335 separation noun when people or things are separate ˌsepərˈeɪʃən Many couples had to endure long periods
or become separate from other of separation.
people or things
336 separatism noun the belief held by people of a ˈsepərətɪzm He's a member of the seperatism
particular race, religion or other movement.
group within a country that they
should be independent or live apart
from other people
337 serve a reduced phrase to be allowed to leave prison early ˌsɜːv ə rɪˌdjuːst She served a reduced sentence for good
sentence for because you have behaved well ˈsentəns fə ˌgʊd behaviour.
good behaviour bɪˈheɪvjə

338 serve the full phrase to be in prison for the whole time ˌsɜːv ðə ˌfʊl The judge insisted that she serve the full
sentence the court said you should stay there ˈsentəns ten years.
339 sheer cliffs phrase vertical cliffs ˌʃɪə ˈklɪfs From where I stood, sheer cliffs dropped to
the sea.
340 short-sighted adj not able to see far without wearing ˌʃɔːtˈsaɪtɪd Can you tell me what that sign says? I’m
glasses afraid I’m short-sighted.
341 show evidence phrase to show proof of something during a ʃəʊ ˌevɪdəns ɪn ˈkɔːt The defence showed evidence in court
in court trial which supported the accused’s alibi.
342 show one's age phrase to look as old as you are, especially ˌʃəʊ wʌnz ˈeɪdʒ When she's tired, she really shows her age.
when you are old

343 silly-minded adj not intelligent ˌsɪliˈmaɪndɪd Robots sometimes seem silly-minded.
344 skyscraper noun a very tall building ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə Every city needs an iconic skyscraper or
two.
345 sleep like a log phrase to sleep very well ˌsliːp laɪk ə ˈlɒg My husband sleeps like a log.
346 slide verb to move smoothly over a surface slaɪd We slid down the slope.
347 slip one’s mind phrase If something slips your mind, you ˌslɪp wʌnz ˈmaɪnd I told him you were coming today, but it
forget it. must have slipped his mind.

348 slip out verb If a remark slips out, you say it slɪp ˈaʊt Someone held a door open for me and a
without intending to. little ‘thank you’ slipped out.
349 smooth skin phrase skin that has no wrinkles, spots or ˌsmuːð ˈskɪn This facial gives you really smooth skin.
other lumps
350 soar verb to move quickly and smoothly in the sɔː You’ll go soaring inside a vertical wind
sky tunnel.
351 social contact phrase time spent with other people, ˌsəʊʃəl ˈkɒntækt Temperature may be a crucial way our
especially friends bodies keep track of whether we’re getting
the social contact we need.
352 socialism noun a political system in which the ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm She is strongly opposed to socialism.
government owns important
businesses and industries, and
which allows the people to share the
money and opportunities equally

353 speechless adj unable to speak because you are so ˈspiːt ləs It was the most beautiful thing I’d ever
angry, shocked, surprised, etc seen. I was speechless.
354 spots plural small raised red circles on the skin spɒts Lots of teenagers get spots.
noun that are temporary
355 stagger verb to walk as if you might fall ˈstægə He staggered across the field.
356 strengthening phrase physical exercises that make your ˌstreŋkθənɪŋ cnd Strengthening and toning exercises help to
and toning stonger and make your body more ˈtəʊnɪŋ ˌeksəsaɪzɪz give you energy.
exercises firm
357 stroll verb to walk somewhere in a slow and strəʊl They strolled through the park.
relaxed way

358 struggle (with verb to find something difficult ˈstrʌgl̩ wɪð I really struggle with English idioms.
sth)
359 studio noun a very small apartment with one ˈstjuːdiəʊ I can't even afford a studio in this city.
main room
360 stunning adj very beautiful ˈstʌnɪŋ The graceful, elegant lines of the building
are very pleasing to the eye. It’s stunning.
361 subtle adj not obvious or easy to notice ˈsʌtəl There are far more subtle, ongoing
language changes taking place at any
given time.
362 suffer from phrase to have the condition of not being ˌsʌfə frəm One idea if you’re suffering from insomnia
insomnia able to sleep, over a period of time ɪnˈsɒmniə is to get out there and take some photos.

363 summarise the phrase to express the most important facts ˌsʌməraɪz ðə ˌkiː She summarised the key ideas in her
key ideas or ideas in a short and clear form aɪˈdɪəz presentation with a list of bullet points.
364 take hold phrase to start to be frequent teɪk ˈhəʊld Words such as 'going to', 'have to', 'need to'
and 'want to' are taking hold.
365 take phrase to decide things quickly without ˌteɪk spɒnˌteɪniəs I love taking spontaneous decisions.
spontaneous thinking about them a lot dɪˈsɪʒənz They’re more fun!
decisions
366 tasteless adj ugly or without style ˈteɪstləs I really like the gold leaf in the ceiling
decorations, but for some people it’s
tasteless an over the top.
367 tax evasion phrase the crime of not paying the tax you ˈtæks ɪˌveɪʒən Tax evasion is not a crime, just creative
owe accounting.

368 terribly adv very ˈterəbli I was terribly restless.
369 the heart of phrase the middle of an area ðə ˈhɑːt əv We were deep in the heart of the jungle
(the rainforest, now.
capital, jungle,
etc)
370 the mouth of a phrase the open entrance of a cave ðə ˌmaʊθ əv ə ˈkeɪv Looking down, I saw the mouth of a cave in
cave the cliff face.
371 the pros and phrase the advantages and disadvantages of ðə ˌprəʊz ənd ˈkɒnz You need to weigh up the pros and cons of
cons something changing your job.
372 think logically phrase to think in a way that uses facts and ˌθɪŋk ˈlɒdʒɪkli I’m successful in business because I think
reason logically.

373 think sth over verb to consider an idea or plan carefully θɪŋk ˈəʊvə I’ll need time to think it over before I decide.
before making a decision
374 think twice phrase to think very carefully before you do ˌθɪŋk ˈtwaɪs bɪfɔː I’d always think twice before trusting a
before doing sth something stranger.
375 thinning and phrase becoming thin and grey ˌθɪnɪŋ ænd ˈgreɪɪŋ The thinning and greying of his hair made
greying him look much older.
376 third time lucky phrase something you say when you hope ˌθɜːd taɪm ˈlʌki I’ve failed the driving test twice now. Ah
that something will be successful on well, third time lucky.
its third attempt
377 tighten and phrase to make your skin tighter and less ˌtaɪtən ənd ˌplʌmp Moisturising daily combined with weekly
plump the skin thin ðə ˈskɪn facials helps to tighten and plump the skin.

378 to be on the phrase being especially careful in order to tə ˌbiː ɒn ðə ˈseɪf I know it’s not raining, but take an
safe side avoid something unpleasant ˌsaɪd umbrella just to be on the safe side.
379 tolerance noun the quality of allowing people to do ˈtɒlərəns This research might explain the affable
or believe what they want although tolerance of Canadians.
you do not agree with it
380 tongue-tied adj unable to say anything because you ˈtʌŋtaɪd People feel tongue-tied around
are nervous conversational robots.
381 tooth loss phrase when your teeth fall out ˈtuːθ ˌlɒs Tooth loss and heart trouble are not
inevitable parts of ageing,
382 toss and turn phrase to be very restless and unable to ˌtɒs ænd ˈtɜːn My wife used to force me to get out of bed
sleep as I used to lie there tossing and turning all
night.

383 totally adv completely ˈtəʊtəli I was totally speechless.
384 touch wood phrase said when you talk about something ˌtʌtʃ ˈwʊd They’ve agreed to sell the house, so this
you hope is true or hope will time next week it’ll be ours – touch wood.
happen, to avoid bad luck
385 tower block noun a very tall building divided into ˈtaʊə ˌblɒk Our new office is in a tower block
apartments or offices overlooking the river.
386 traditionally adv following or belonging to the trəˈdɪʃənəli Horseshoes were traditionally nailed above
customs or ways of behaving that doorways.
have continued in a group of people
or society for a long time
387 transport noun a vehicle or system of vehicles, such ˈtrænspɔːt The company provides workers with
as buses, trains, aeroplanes, etc for transport to its factory.
getting from one place to another

388 transport verb to move people or things from one trænˈspɔːt The coal is transported to the power
place to another station.
389 transport sector noun businesses and industries connected ˈtrænspɔːt ˌsektə Fuel prices are extremely important to the
with moving people and goods from transport sector.
place to place
390 treasure the phrase to feel that a memory is very ˌtreʒə ðə ˈmeməri I’ll always treasure the memory of the
memory (of sth) important and that it gives you warm welcome they gave us.
pleasure
391 trial noun a legal process to decide if someone traɪəl She is being held in custody while waiting
is guilty of a crime for her trial.
392 trigger a phrase to cause you to remember something ˌtrɪgər ə ˈmeməri The smell of freshly baked bread always
memory (of sth) triggers a memory of my grandmother.

393 tropical adj from or in the hottest parts of the ˈtrɒpɪkəl I was separated from the outside world by
world dense tropical vegetation.
394 undergrowth noun short plants and bushes that grow ˈʌndəgrəʊθ They hacked their way through the
around trees undergrowth.
395 untouched adj not changed or damaged in any way ʌnˈtʌtʃt This area is one of the last untouched
wildernesses of the Upper Guinean forest
belt.
396 vaguely phrase to remember something, but not at ˌveɪɡli rɪˈmembə I vaguely remember seeing that film years
remember sth all clearly ago,
397 vegetation noun the plants and trees that grow in a ˌvedʒɪˈteɪʃən I was separated from the outside world by
particular area dense tropical vegetation.

398 violent assault phrase a forceful attack that hurts someone ˌvaɪələnt əˈsɒlt He was convicted of violent assault on a
physically stranger.
399 voice concerns phrase to express worries ˌvɔɪs kənˈsɜːnz He saw his speech as an opportunity to
(about sth) voice concerns about the rise in crime in
his neighbourhood.
400 ward off evil phrase to prevent something bad from ˌwɔːd ɒf ˈiːvəl The mirrors face outwards so they can
harming you or coming close to you ward off evil.
401 warehouse noun a large building for keeping things ˈweəhaʊs The books are stored in a warehouse.
that are going to be sold
402 warm-hearted adj kind ˌwɔːmˈhɑːtɪd She will always help her friends – she's
warm hearted.

403 weigh sth up verb to think carefully about the weɪ ˈʌp I think it’s important to weigh up the
advantages and disadvantages of a advantages and disadvantages before you
situation before making a decision take action.
404 weight loss phrase when you become thinner and start ˈweɪt ˌlɒs Weight loss can be aided by eating a varied
to weigh less and balanced diet.
405 well-composed adj arranged in an attractive way ˌwel kəmˈpəʊzd His street scenes are well-composed but
rather boring.
406 well-off adj having a lot of money ˌwelˈɒf My grandparents used to be relatively well-
off, but they lost all their money in bad
investments.
407 whirl verb to move or make something move wɜːl They prepared themselves to whirl upside
quickly round and round down, again and again.

408 whitening phrase toothpaste that makes your teeth ˈwaɪtənɪŋ ˌtuːθpeɪst Try our new whitening toothpaste. You’ll
toothpaste whiter be amazed.
409 whizz verb to move somewhere very quickly wɪz You’ll go whizzing over ski slopes.
410 whoosh verb to move somewhere very quickly, wʊʃ They went whooshing down white-water
often making a noise like wind rapids on a flimsy raft.
411 wide awake phrase completely awake ˌwaɪd əˈweɪk I naturally wake around 01:00 or 02:00 in
the morning and I feel wide awake and
quite restless.
412 wilderness noun a place that is in a completely ˈwɪldənəs This area is one of the last untouched
natural state without houses, wildernesses of the Upper Guinean forest
industry, roads, etc belt.

413 wooded slopes phrase the sides of hills, covered with trees ˌwʊdɪd ˈsləʊps In the distance, beyond wooded slopes, the
mountains rose up into the sky.
414 wrinkles plural lines on your face that you get when ˈrɪŋkəlz This cream helps reduce scars, acne and
noun you grow old skin rashes, as well as smoothing out
wrinkles.
415 yellowing teeth phrase teeth that are becoming yellow ˌjeləʊɪŋ ˈtiːθ Try this whitening toothpaste to get rid of
yellowing teeth.
416 youthful glow phrase the warm, healthy appearance of the ˌjuːθfəl ˈɡləʊ This alternative massage is designed to
skin typical of young people stimulate the blood circulation, creating a
youthful glow.
417 zoom verb to move somewhere very quickly zuːm Prepare to zoom down a steep, 1,600-foot
volcanic slope.

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