Central Dogma

Laboratory Activity no.6

(GROUP)
LBYMATB
Term 3, SY 2019-2020

Section: K31 Teacher: De Guia, Jessica Joyce R. Date: August 20, 2020
Group No.: 1 Group Leader (Last, First Name): Mansueto, Gabriel Alejandro
Group Members (Alphabetical; Last, First Names):

Alcala, Mark Don Victor B.

Romana, Jose Jeremiah
Celestino, TJ Angelica L.

PRE-LABORATORY QUESTIONS (10 points)

1. Define transcription. Where does this process take place in the cell? Briefly explain
why it is important for protein production.

Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. In eukaryotic

cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus. It is important for protein production as the
transcript carries the information needed to to build a polypeptide.

2. Define translation. Where does this process take place in the cell? Briefly explain
why it is important for protein production.

It is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence

of amino acids while it is having protein synthesis. Translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
In translation, the messenger RNA is decoded in a ribosome which would make it produce a
specific amino acid chain.

3. Identify the function of the following different types of RNA molecules: mRNA
tRNA rRNA

mRNA: carries the coding consequences for protein synthesis

tRNA: carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
rRNA: form the core of a cell’s ribosomes

4. Define a codon. Explain why it is important in protein production.

A codon is a trinucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA that corresponds to a certain amino

acid. It is important for protein production because each codon corresponds to a single
amino acid. It also plays a critical role in protein synthesis because the codon interacts
with mRNA and the anticodon in an aminoacyl-tRNA.

POST-LABORATORY QUESTIONS (40 points)

TRANSCRIPTION
Use the DNA code provided to copy an m-RNA message.

ACTGGATAC ACGGATCGT TGACAGCTA

UGACCUAUG UGCCUAGCA ACUGUCGAU

TRANSLATION:

USE the DECODING WHEEL to

DETERMINE the AMINO ACID that
corresponds to the m-RNA CODE
GIVEN:

mRNA CODE AMINO ACID

 AAA Lysine

GCG Alanine

GAU Aspartic Acid

CAA Glutamine

CAC Histidine

UUU Phenylalanine

Which two mRNA codes correspond to histidine?

CAC and CAU

How many different mRNA codes correspond to Threonine?

ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG. 4

Which amino acids have ONLY ONE codon?

Methionine (AUG) and Tryptophan (UGG) are only two amino acids that have one
corresponding codon.

Tell the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA message:

MRNAMESSAGE: AUG CCA UGG CAU

Amino acid sequence:

methionine - proline - tryptophan - histidine

Look at the m-RNA message below:

PUT A NUMBER under each of the t-RNA/amino acid complexes to show the correct
sequence that they would attach as this message is read.

2 4 3 1

WHAT IS THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE FOR THE PROTEIN THAT WOULD BE
PRODUCED FROM THIS MESSAGE?

Methionine - phenylalanine - lysine - leucine

FILL IN THE INFORMATION BELOW with the correct sequence

DNA code TTACGCGCA DNA codeC CGAATCGT

mRNA message AAUGCGCGU mRNA message GGCUUAGCA
DNA code ACACTCGGC DNA code G A C C G A T G T
mRNA message UGUGAGCCG mRNA message CUGGCUACA

This process of protein synthesis is also called production of proteins

Another name for a protein chain is polypeptide chain

MATCH THE PARTS IN THE

DIAGRAM WITH THE CORRECT
LABEL.

C RIBOSOME

A NUCLEUS

B MESSENGER RNA

F ANTICODON

G AMINO ACID

D CODON

E TRANSFER RNA

What will happen to D after it drops off its amino acid?

After tRNA drops off its amino acid, the mRNA releases the tRNA. New tRNA brings the
next amino acid in. The process continues, building the polypeptide chain, until the tRNA
meets a “stop” codon. Once it reaches a “stop” codon, the polypeptide chain is released.

What will happen to B after its message is read?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) mediates the transfer of genetic information from the cell
nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
Once mRNAs enter the cytoplasm, they are translated, stored for later translation, or
degraded

CONCLUSION (5 points):

Central Dogma has been a vital piece to DNA as it flows in the process of Transcription
and Translation. Without Central Dogma, DNA can not be tranferred or moved in such
process that brings forth growth to one individual and a race such as the human race. This
is important as well since it links the amino acids chain.

References

https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/teaching-tools/Transcription-Translation
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/transcription/tctlpreu.html#:~:
text=In%20a%20prokaryotic%20cell%2C%20transcription,translation%20occurs%20in
%20the%20cytoplasm.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21603/#:~:text=Messenger%20RNA%20(mRNA)
%20carries%20the,the%20code%20words%20in%20mRNA.
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Codon#:~:text=A%20codon%20is%20a
%20trinucleotide,in%20groups%20of%20three%20bases.