90/90 Accuracy criterion for acreage estimation:

Under Crop Acreage and Production Estimation (CAPE) project and subsequently under FASAL project,
stratified random sampling approach was adopted for segment-based acreage estimation of major crops at
district and state. 90/90 (90% accuracy with 90% confidence) accuracy goal was used to decide the segment size
and sampling fraction. However, in later parts of FASAL project as well as SUFALAM project, we have
changed our approach from segmentation to complete enumeration, for which performance envelope could not
be computed. Still we have tried to find out whether our proposed methodology is meeting with the 90/90
accuracy criteria or not following the methodology described below:
Firstly, the generated crop map at district scale was divided into several 5 x 5 km grids and for each grid crop
fraction (proportion of target cropped area to the total area) were computed. Each grid was ordered ascendingly
according to the crop fraction. Grids were then divided into different groups/ranges with 5 % crop fraction
interval between each group and frequency in terms of number of grids for each range was determined. Square
root of frequency value for each range was accumulated to obtain cumulative square root value which was then
divided by desired number of strata to arrive at cumulative square root value in each stratum (cf st). The first
stratum will contain the cumulative square root value of cf st and accordingly cumulative of initial 5% crop
fraction wise groups were merged to form the first stratum. Similarly, second stratum will have the cumulative
square root value twice yhan that of cf st and so on. This value was used to merge between initial groups to form
final stratum of grids as per the crop fraction.
After stratum formation is over, stratified random sampling of grids were done. 20% of the total number of grids
formed in a district were sampled randomly. The stratified random sampling was proportional to the frequency
of grids in each stratum. Sample mean and variances for the sampled grids were computed as per the formula
shown below:

N = Population size

k = Number of strata

Ni = Number of sampling units in ith strata

k
N = ∑ Ni
i=1

ni = Number of sampling units to be drawn from i th stratum.

k
n = ∑ ni = Total sample size
i=1

Let Y : characteristic under study,

yij : value of jth unit in ith stratum; j = 1,2,…,n i; i = 1,2,...,k

Ni
1
Ý i= ∑ y i j : Population mean of ith stratum
N i j=1
ni
1
ý i= ∑ y i j : Sample mean of ith stratum
ni j=1
k k
1
Ý = ∑ N Ý = ∑ w Ý : Unbiased estimator of population mean
N i=1 i i 1=1 i i
Ni
where , w i=
N
k
1 2
Si2 = ∑ ( Y i j−Ý i ) : Standard Deviation (SD)
N i−1 j=1
Var ¿ ¿ : Unbiased estimator of Variance
SD
Precision = Coefficient of Variation (CV) = = √¿ ¿
mean
(Estimated area−Reported area)
Bias =
Reported Area

District wise CV under a particular state was averaged to obtain the mean CV of acreage estimation
at State level. Estimated Bias at state level as per the formula in previous section was used to find
the trade-off between precision and bias of acreage estimation as per the 90/90 performance
envelope criteria.