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COURSE: ECE 005 MEMBERS: ______________________________________________

SECTION: ME51FB4 ________________________________________________________


INSTRUCTOR: ENGR. MARK NELSON PANGILINAN ________________________________________________________
EXPERIMENT NO.: DESIGN EXPERIMENT ________________________________________________________
TITLE: TRANSISTOR BIASINGs ________________________________________________________

PERFORMANCE BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT SCORE


INDICATORS 1 2 3
LABORATORY PERFORMANCE
Experimental Set-up Members are unable to set-up the Members are able to setup the Members are able to setup the
materials. materials with supervision. material with minimum supervision.
Time Management/ Members do not finish on time with Members finish on time with Members finish ahead of time with
Conduct of Experiment incomplete data. incomplete data. complete data and time to revise
data.
Cooperative and Members do not know their tasks Members defined responsibilities most Members are on tasks and have
Teamwork and have no defined responsibilities. of the time. Group conflicts are defined responsibilities at all times.
Group conflicts have to be settled by cooperatively managed most of the Group conflicts are cooperatively
the teacher. time. managed at all times.
Neatness and Messy workplace during and after Clean and orderly workplace with Clean and orderly workplace at all
Orderliness the experiment. occasional mess during and after the times during and after the
experiment. experiment.
Ability to do Members require supervision by the Members require occasional Members do not need to be
independent work teacher. supervision by the teacher. supervised by the teacher.
Student Outcomes ( d1)
Conduct experiments in Members do not follow good and Members follow good and safe Members follow good and safe
accordance with good safe laboratory practice in the laboratory practice most of the time in laboratory practice at all times in
and safe laboratory conduct of experiments. the conduct of experiments. the conduct of experiments.
practice. (x2)
Operate equipment and Members are unable to operate the Members are able to operate Members are able to operate the
instruments with ease. equipment and instruments. equipment and instrument with equipment and instruments with
(x2) supervision. ease and with minimum
supervision.
Analyze data, validate The group has incomplete data. The group has complete data but has The group has complete data,
experimental values no analysis and valid conclusion. validates experimental values
against theoretical values against theoretical values, and
to determine possible provides valid conclusion.
experimental errors, and
provide valid conclusions.
(x2)
Discussion of Results, Conclusion and Assessment Task
Ideas are not in reference to the Ideas are taken from the result/data
Ideas are in reference to result/data
Discussion of Results result/data gathered during gathered during the experiment.
gathered during experiment. Clear, but
(x2) experiment. Not clear, incomplete Very clear, complete and sufficient
not complete and too short.
and too short. to form a discussion.
Ideas are very much appropriate to
Ideas are inappropriate to the Ideas are somehow appropriate to the
the experiment objectives and
experiment objectives and intended experiment objectives and intended
Conclusion (x3) intended learning outcomes.
learning outcomes. learning outcomes.
Very clear, complete and sufficient
Not clear, incomplete and too short. Clear but not complete and too short.
to form a conclusion.
Majority of the questions were All questions were correctly
Assessment Task Answers to questions were incorrect.
answered correctly. answered.
Total
Mean score Total score/17
Percentage score (Total score/51) x 100%

Evaluated by:

Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date


DESIGN EXPERIMENT
TRANSISTOR BIASING
Course: ECE 005 Section: ME51FB4
Group No.: 1 Date Performed:09/25/19
Group Members: Barroga, Christed Aljo C., Chee, Aldren Date Submitted: 10/2/19
Cyril, Machate, Isaac Jayzon, Pazcoguin, Erness Ray,
Torres, Jason
Instructor: Engr. Mark Nelson Pangilinan

1. Objective(s):
The activity aims to give knowledge and concept in the biasing of transistors to operate and obtain output.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):


The students shall be able to:
1) identify the different characteristics activating transistors.
2) learn the process of operating transistors.
3) Analyze circuit behavior
3. Discussion:
Transistor operates in 4 modes: Active, Saturation, Cut-off & Reverse active, out of which first one is used for
amplification, the next two for switching action and last one is not favorable as such. Biasing a transistor is referred
to as the arrangements made to operate the transistor in active region. The answer in short will be "For faithful
Amplification". Now for a more explanation. The transistor needs to operate in active region for amplification
purpose, i.e. base to emitter forward biased and collector to emitter reverse biased. Now the signal may be any
signal applied to the base, that may distort the biasing turning the transistor to go into cut-off region or saturation
region. That is very unexpected and results in an amplified but highly distorted output. Therefore, faithful
amplification refers to distortion-less amplification.

4. Equipment:
 MultiSim 11.0.1 Ultiboard PowerPro
 Personal Computer
5. Procedure:
1. Install MultiSim 11.0.1 Ultiboard PowerPro in your Computer.
2. Create connections of Common Emitter
3. Start making simulations
4. Create connections of Common Collector
5. Start making simulations
6. Create connections of Common Emitter
7. Start making simulations
8. Show the waveform and identify both current and voltage for each simulation.
Common Emitter
Common Emitter (Current)

Common Emitter (Voltage)


Common Emitter

V CC =13 V
R1=300 kΩ
R2=55 kΩ
RC =4 kΩ
R E=2.25 kΩ
β=200

V TH −0.7 V
I B= =2.8963 mA
RTH +( β +1) R E

R1 R 2 300 kΩ(55 kΩ)


RTH = =
R1 + R2 300 kΩ+ 55 kΩ
RTH =46.4790 kΩ

V CC R2 13(55)
V TH = = =2.01 V
R1 + R2 300+55

I C =β (I B )
¿ 200(2.8963 ×10−6)
I C =579.26 mA

I E =I C + I B
¿ 579.26 ×10−6+ 2.8963× 10−6
I E =582.16 mA

V E=I E R E
¿ 582.16 ×10−6 (2.25 kΩ)
V E=1.3099 V

V B =V BE +V E
¿ 0.7+1.3099 V (55 ×10−9)
V B =−9.9830 V

V C =V CC−I C R C
¿ 13 V −579.26 ×10−6 (4 ×103 )
V C =10.683 V

for I B , I C ∧I E

%Error= |2.8963−2.665
2.8963 |× 100 %
% Error (I )=7.9861 %
B

%Error= |579.26−566.658
579.26 |×100 %
% Error (I ) =2.1755 %
C

Common Emitter

%Error= |582.16−567.546
582.16 |× 100 %
% Error (I ) =2.5103 %
E

for V E , V B ∧V C

%Error= |1.3099−1.895
1.3099 |×100 %
% Error (V )=44.66 %
E

%Error= |
−9.830−(−8.833)
−9.830 |
×100 %
% Error (V )=−9.9830%
B

%Error= |10.683−9.444
10.683 |×100 %
% Error (V )=11.597 %
C

Description True Value Expected Value % Error


IB 2.8963 mA 2.665 mA 7.9861 %
IC 579.26 mA 566.658 mA 2.1755 %
IE 582.16 mA 567.546 mA 2.5103 %
VE 1.3099 V 1.895 V 44.66 %
VB 9.830 V 8.833 V 9.9830 %
VC 10.683 V 9.444 V 11.597 %
Common Base
Common Base Current

Common Base Voltage


Common Base

10−0.7−I E (1200 Ω)=0


I E =7.75 mA
I E =I B ( β +1)
IE 7.75 ×10−3
I B= = =3.856 mA
β +1 200+1

I C =β (I B )
¿ 200(38.56 mA )
I C =7.712 mA

V E=I E R E
¿ 7.75 ×10−3 (1200)
V E=9.3V

V B =V BE +V E
¿ 0.7+ 9.3V
V B =10 V

for I B , I C , I E

%Error=|TVTV−EV |×100 %
7.75−7.754
%Error=| |× 100 %
7.75
% Error (I ) =0.0516 %
E

%Error= |3.856−2.688
3.856 |× 100 %
% Error (I )=30.29 %
B

%Error= |7.712−5.067
7.712 |×100 %
% Error (I ) =34.297 %
C

for V B , V E

%Error= |9.3−9.584
9.3 |×100 %
% Error (V )=3.0537 %
E
%Error= |10 V −9.496V
10 V |×100 %
% Error (V )=5.04 %
B

Common Base

Description True Value Expected Value % Error


IB 7.75 mA 7.754 mA 0.0516 %
IC 3.856 mA 2.688 mA 30.29 %
IE 7.712 mA 5.067 mA 34.297 %
VE 9.3 V 9.584 V 3.0537 %
VB 10 V 9.496 V 5.04 %
Common Collector
Common Collector Current

Common Collector Voltage


Common Collector

2 N 3904=300=β

V TH −0.7 V 9.997−0.7
I B= =
RTH +( β +1) R E 7.6744 +(301)(3 kΩ)
I B=10.2960mA

V CC R2 10 (33 ×103 )
V TH = = =9.997 V
R1 + R2 33 ×103 +10 ×103

R1 R 2 (33 kΩ)(10 kΩ)


RTH = = =7.6744 V
R1 + R2 33 kΩ+10 kΩ

I C =I B (β )
¿ 10.2960 ×10−6 (300)
I C =3.0888 mA

I E =I C + I B
¿ 3.0888+10.2960
I E =3.0991 mA

V E=I E R E
¿ 3.0991× 10−3 (1 kΩ)
V E=3.0991 V

V C =V CE−I C R C
¿ 10−(3.0888 ×10−3)(1 kΩ)
V C =6.9112V

V B =V BE +V E (15 × 10−9 )−V C


¿ 0.7+3.0991(15 × 10−9 )−( 6.9112)
V B =−6.2111V

for I B , I C ∧I E

%Error= |10.2960−10.658
10.2960 |×100 %
% Error (I )=3.5159 %
B

%Error= |3.0888−1.556
3.0888 |× 100 %
% Error (I ) =49.624 %
C
%Error= |3.0991−1.567
3.0991 |×100 %
% Error (I ) =49.436 %
E

Common Collector

for V E , V B ∧V C

%Error= |3.0993.099
V −2.293
|×100 %
% Error (V )=27 %
E

%Error= |6.211−3.088
6.211 |× 100 %
% Error (V )=50.28 %
B

%Error= |6.9112−3.764
6.9112 |×100 %
% Error (V )=45.537 %
C

Description True Value Expected Value % Error


IB 10.2960 mA 10.658 mA 3.5159 %
IC 3.0888 mA 1.556 mA 49.624 %
IE 3.0991 mA 1.567 mA 49.436 %
VE 3.099 V 2.293 V 27 %
VB 6.211 V 3.088 V 50.28 %
VC 6.9112 V 3.764 V 45.537 %

6. Discussion of Results:

For the common emitter, based on the results collected, we can observe that c ommon-emitter amplifiers give the
amplifier an inverted output and can have a very high gain that may vary widely from one transistor to the next. The gain is a
strong function of both temperature and bias current, and so the actual gain is somewhat unpredictable.
For the common base, this arrangement is not very common in low-frequency discrete circuits, where it is usually employed
for amplifiers that require an unusually low input impedance, for example to act as a preamplifier for moving-coil microphones. 
For the common collector, The low output impedance allows a source with a large output impedance to drive a small load
impedance; it functions as a voltage buffer. In other words, the circuit has current gain (which depends largely on the hFE of the
transistor) instead of voltage gain, because of its characteristics it is preferred in many electronic devices.
7. Conclusion:

Therefore, we can conclude that after following all the procedures and steps in the MultiSim application, we can
perform simulations and run multiple tests for following three circuits namely; Common Base, Common Emitter and
Common Collector. These enabled us to learn how circuits work through thorough testing simulations gaining data
and results.

8. Assessment Task:
1) What is transistor biasing?
Transistor Biasing is the process of setting a transistors DC operating voltage or current conditions to the
correct level so that any AC input signal can be amplified correctly by the transistor .

2) Why biasing a transistor required?


A biasing is required to activate the transistor and prevents it to either to saturation mode or cut-off mode. A
biasing is a phenomenon of getting a proper dc collector current at a certain dc voltage by setting up a proper
point.

3) Give applications on how transistor biasing is used.


They are small in size and used in electronic circuits for different purposes. The main  use of transistor is to
amplify Current or Voltage depending upon its structure and  biasing. The efficiency of a transistor can be
known from its Voltage/current gain which mainly depends upon the  biasing of that transistor.

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