CHAPTER 1

THE PRBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Irrigation is an important part of cropping for it provides a vital support for farmers.

It helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, revegetate disturbed soils in dry

areas and during periods less than average rainfall and cultivate superior crops with the

water supply as per need of the crops. Ultimately it helps in economic development.

Irrigation water improves water conditions in the soil, increases the water content of plant

fibers, dissolves and makes them available to plants. Irrigation is the application of

controlled amounts of water to plants at needed interval.

In traditional farming, production is still very low where farmers produce is not even

enough to provide them the right amount of food being served on the table for their daily

needs. The quality and quantity of food produce are very low due to the die-hard practice

of traditional farming despite the availability of modern agriculture where the applicable

package of technology for a specific commodity is already in place.

Modern agriculture or smart agriculture offers farmer the opportunity to increase

their production. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) offers technology that addresses the

challenge of meeting the growing food demand, fiber and fuel, despite the changing

climate and lesser opportunities for agricultural expansion on agricultural lands. CSA

contributes to economic development, poverty reduction and food security, maintaining and

enhancing the productivity and resilience of natural and agricultural ecosystems.

1
 A greenhouse equipped with boom irrigation system is one agro-tech that will

ensure productivity. This technology will surely provide farmers better planting materials

that will withstand once transplanted to their permanent site throughout their growth period.

Hence, this proposal on the fabrication of prototype with boom irrigation system.

Statement of Objectives

The study aims to design and develop a boom irrigation system that provides a

uniform a versatile irrigation and mist over any crop.

Specifically, it aims to:

1. develop an automated boom irrigation system which has the following

features:

a. soil moisture sensor;

b. programmable water spraying; and,

2. Evaluate the project in terms of:

a. functionality

b. usability

2
Scope and Limitations

The emphasis of the study lays in developing an electronic device using the

programmable water spraying method entitled “Boom Irrigation System”. A boom irrigation

consists of one or more pipes that apply water as the system moves over the plants. Water

is supplied by a trailing hose and powered by electric supply cable. Soil moisture sensor

that are consists of two probes which are to measure the volumetric content of the water.

The two probes allow the current to pass through the soil and then it gets the resistance

value to measure the moisture value. More flexible systems use programmable controllers

or microcomputers that allow speed changes, selection of boom sections to activate and

multiple passes over the same area. In addition to greater uniformity of water application,

less water is needed because the system can be operated to provide the optimum amount

of water for the crops.

The project is limited to be used for small garden area or greenhouse design. It

focuses primarily on soil moisture content as the basis for the boom irrigation system, no

other sensor will be implemented, manual refill of the water tank to store and establish

adequate amount of water is enough for irrigation.

3
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literatures that are appropriate for this study.

Boom Irrigation System and the Impact in Automation

Watering is one of the most important responsibilities in the greenhouse. It can also be one

of the costliest. Automating irrigation is one step you can take in the greenhouse to reduce

costs. There are many ways of watering plants such as overhead irrigation and sub irrigation.

There are number of different forms of automated overhead irrigation. The most automated

overhead irrigation is mist nozzles used to root cuttings. Impact sprinklers are the simplest

form of overhead irrigation for containers. These are not widely used inside greenhouses, but

are more common outside for crops such as fall mums. Booms are the best automated

overhead irrigation system for greenhouses. Unlike impact sprinklers, booms can turn on and

off as they pass over crops, irrigating only those blocks of plants that need it.

These overhead irrigation systems are best-suited to high planting densities, such as plug

and liner trays and flats bedding plant, the denser the planting, the less water is wasted. Boom

irrigation has another benefit that it can also be used to apply insecticides, fungicides and

plant growth regulators with the addition of an injector.

Traditional Farming Concepts, Theories and Application

Traditional farming can be defined as a primitive style of farming that involves the intensive

use of indigenous knowledge, traditional tools, natural resources, organic fertilizer and cultural

beliefs of the farmers.

4
 According to Fischer et al. (2012), many traditional farming landscapes have high

conservation value. Conservation policy in such landscapes typically follows a “preservation

strategy,” most commonly by providing financial incentives for farmers to continue traditional

practices. A preservation strategy can be successful in the short term, but it fails to

acknowledge that traditional farming landscapes evolved as tightly coupled social–ecological

systems.

Traditional, pre-industrial farming was adapted to the natural environment—topography,

geology, hydrology, climate, and biota. Traditional land use systems are still to be traced in

Scandinavia as an “infield/outland landscape”, and in Japan as a “Satoyama landscape.”

There are obvious similarities and differences in land use—the main difference being that

pasturing of cattle and sheep has been less important in Japan. These land use systems

can be traced back to early sedentary settlements 1500–2500 years ago. In both regions,

traditional management almost ceased in the mid-twentieth century leading to afforestation

and decreased biological diversity. Today, there is in Japan a growing movement for

landscape restoration and promotion of a sustainable living countryside based on local

agrarian and forestry production, local energy, tourism, etc. With this background, the so-

called Satoyama Initiative has been organized and introduced as a global socio-ecological

project with ecosystem services for human well-being (Berglund et al., 2014).

Loos et al. (2015) stated that traditional farming landscapes have evolved as tightly

coupled socioecological systems that support high biodiversity. However, land ‐use change

severely threatens the high biodiversity of these landscapes. Navigating nature conservation

in such landscapes requires a thorough understanding of the key drivers underpinning

biodiversity. Through empirical research on mammals, birds, butterflies, and plants in a

5
traditional cultural landscape in Romania, we revealed seven hypothesized drivers facilitating

biodiversity conservation. Similar proportions of three main land‐use types support the

landscape species pool, most likely through habitat connectivity and frequent spillover

between land‐use types.

In addition, Misbahuzzaman (2016) said that shifting cultivation is a traditional farming

system practiced in the tropical mountainous areas. Although it has been widely perceived

as an economically inefficient and environmentally harmful agricultural production system,

recent science reviews, however, indicate that the deleterious impacts of shifting cultivation

on environment may have been overestimated. Despite the pressures of agricultural

intensification in areas where shifting cultivation occurs, farmers across the tropics still

maintain this traditional farming system.

Traditional farming landscapes in the temperate zone that have persisted for millennia,

can be exceptionally species-rich and are therefore key conservation targets. In contrast to

Europe’s West, Eastern Europe harbors widespread traditional farming landscapes, but

drastic socio-economic and political changes in the twentieth century are likely to have

impacted these landscapes profoundly (Feurdean, et al., 2017).

Smart Farming

Smart farming is a farming management concept using modern technology to increase the

quantity and quality of agricultural products. Farmers in the 21 st century have access to GPS,

soil scanning, data management, and Internet of Things technologies. By precisely measuring

variations within a field and adapting the strategy accordingly, farmers can greatly increase

the effectiveness of pesticides and fertilizers, and use them more selectively. Similarly, using

6
Smart Farming techniques, farmers can better monitor the needs of individual animals and

adjust their nutrition correspondingly, thereby preventing disease and enhancing herd health.

Neufeldt, et al. (2013) stated that agriculture is considered to be “climate-smart” when it

contributes to increasing food security, adaptation and mitigation in a sustainable way. This

new concept now dominates current discussions in agricultural development because of its

capacity to unite the agendas of the agriculture, development and climate change

communities under one brand.

Steenwerth, et al. (2014) explained that climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses the

challenge of meeting the growing demand for food, fiber and fuel, despite the changing

climate and fewer opportunities for agricultural expansion on additional lands. CSA focuses on

contributing to economic development, poverty reduction and food security; maintaining and

enhancing the productivity and resilience of natural and agricultural ecosystem functions, thus

building natural capital; and reducing trade-offs involved in meeting these goals. Current gaps

in knowledge, work within CSA, and agendas for interdisciplinary research and science-based

actions identified at the 2013 Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture (Davis,

CA, USA) are described here within three themes: (1) farm and food systems, (2) landscape

and regional issues and (3) institutional and policy aspects. The first two themes comprise

crop physiology and genetics, mitigation and adaptation for livestock and agriculture, barriers

to adoption of CSA practices, climate risk management and energy and biofuels (theme 1);

and modelling adaptation and uncertainty, achieving multifunctionality, food and fishery

systems, forest biodiversity and ecosystem services, rural migration from climate change and

metrics (theme 2). Theme 3 comprises of designing research that bridges disciplines,

integrating stakeholder input to directly link science, action and governance.

7
 Bagley, et al. (2015) said that the potential impacts of climate change in the Midwest

United States present unprecedented challenges to regional agriculture. In response to these

challenges, a variety of climate‐smart agricultural methodologies have been proposed to

retain or improve crop yields, reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, retain soil quality

and increase climate resilience of agricultural systems. One component that is commonly

neglected when assessing the environmental impacts of climate‐smart agriculture is the

biophysical impacts, where changes in ecosystem fluxes and storage of moisture and energy

lead to perturbations in local climate and water availability. Using a combination of

observational data and an agroecosystem model, a series of climate‐smart agricultural

scenarios were assessed to determine the biophysical impacts these techniques have in the

Midwest United States. The first scenario extended the growing season for existing crops

using future temperature and CO 2 concentrations. The second scenario examined the

biophysical impacts of no‐till agriculture and the impacts of annually retaining crop debris.

Finally, the third scenario evaluated the potential impacts that the adoption of perennial

cultivars had on biophysical quantities. Each of these scenarios was found to have significant

biophysical impacts. However, the timing and magnitude of the biophysical impacts differed

between scenarios.

Patil et al. (2016) revealed that climate changes and rainfall has been erratic over the past

decade. Due to this in recent era, climate-smart methods called as smart agriculture is

adopted by many Indian farmers. Smart agriculture is an automated and directed information

technology implemented with the IOT (Internet of Things). IOT is developing rapidly and

widely applied in all wireless environments. In this paper, sensor technology and wireless

networks integration of IOT technology has been studied and reviewed based on the actual

8
situation of agricultural system. A combined approach with internet and wireless

communications, Remote Monitoring System (RMS) is proposed. Major objective is to collect

real time data of agriculture production environment that provides easy access for agricultural

facilities such as alerts through Short Messaging Service (SMS) and advices on weather

pattern, crops etc.

Agriculture has seen many revolutions, whether the domestication of animals and plants a

few thousand years ago, the systematic use of crop rotations and other improvements in

farming practice a few hundred years ago, or the “green revolution” with systematic breeding

and the widespread use of man-made fertilizers and pesticides a few decades ago. We

suggest that agriculture is undergoing a fourth revolution triggered by the exponentially

increasing use of information and communication technology (ICT) in agriculture (Walter,

2017).

Greenhouse Farming

A greenhouse is a framed or inflated structure covered with a transparent or a translucent

material in which fruit or vegetable or flower crops can be grown under the controlled climatic

conditions of at least partially controlled environment. Greenhouse is an area in which it

permits s person to a work and carry out regular cultural operations.

Greenhouses provide a suitable environment for the intensive production of various crops.

They are designed to provide control as well as to maintain solar radiation, temperature,

humidity and carbon dioxide levels in the aerial environment. CO 2 enrichment decreases the

oxygen inhibition of photosynthesis and increases the net photosynthesis in plants. This is the

basis for increased growth rates caused by CO 2 at low as well as at high light levels. Elevated

9
CO2 concentrations also increase the optimal temperature for growth. The maximum crop

response depends on the level of the balanced environmental parameters. Off seasonal

cultivation is quite possible in greenhouse and it improves economic conditions of farmers.

This paper reviews the available worldwide thermal modeling for heating, cooling and

ventilation technologies and experimental studies of agricultural greenhouses (Panwar, et al.

2011).

Given the growing importance of organic food production, there is a pressing need to

understand the relative environmental impacts of organic and conventional farming methods.

This study applies standards-based life cycle assessment to compare the cradle-to-farm gate

greenhouse gas emissions of 12 crop products grown in California using both organic and

conventional methods. In addition to analyzing steady-state scenarios in which the soil organic

carbon stocks are at equilibrium, this study models a hypothetical scenario of converting each

conventional farming system to a corresponding organic system and examines the impact of

soil carbon sequestration during the transition. The results show that steady-state organic

production has higher emissions per kilogram than conventional production in seven out of the

12 cases (10.6% higher overall, excluding one outlier). Transitional organic production

performs better, generating lower emissions than conventional production in seven cases

(17.7% lower overall) and 22.3% lower emissions than steady-state organic. The results

demonstrate that converting additional cropland to organic production may offer significant

GHG reduction opportunities over the next few decades by way of increasing the soil organic

carbon stocks during the transition. Nonorganic systems could also improve their

environmental performance by adopting management practices to increase soil organic

carbon stocks (Venkat, 2012).

10
 Worldwide concern about the occurrence of trace metals in greenhouse vegetable

production soils (GVPS) is growing. In this study, a total of 385 surface GVPS samples were

collected in Shouguang and four vegetable production bases in Nanjing, Eastern China, for

the determination of As and Hg using atomic fluorescence spectrometry and Pb, Cu, Cd, and

Zn using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geo-accumulation indices and factor

analysis were used to investigate the accumulation and sources of the trace metals in soils in

Eastern China. The results revealed that greenhouse production practices increased

accumulation of the trace metals, particularly Cd, Zn, and Cu in soils and their accumulation

became significant with increasing years of cultivation. Accumulation of Cd and Zn was also

found in soils from organic greenhouses. The GVPS was generally less polluted or moderately

polluted by As, Cu, Zn, and Pb but heavily polluted by Cd and Hg in some locations. Overall,

accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Cu in GVPS was primarily associated with anthropogenic

activities, particularly, application of manure. The high level of Hg found in some sites was

related to historical heavy application of Hg containing pesticides. However, further

identification of Hg sources is needed. To reduce accumulation of the trace metals in GVPS,

organic fertilizer application should be suggested through development and implementation of

reasonable and sustainable strategies (Yang et al., 2013).

Czyzyk, et al. (2014) believed that greenhouses can help farmers reduce spoilage and

increase yields, and therefore improve their livelihoods. As compared to open air farming,

greenhouse farming requires less water due to reduced evapotranspiration. Current estimates

on water savings vary from 10 to 100% and fail to clearly specify relevant test parameters

such as the irrigation method, size of the greenhouse, or climatic conditions at the time of the

study. This article focuses on a study conducted to accurately quantify the water savings in

11
small-scale greenhouses. The test methodology involves a simplified pan evaporation

measurement used with the Penman-Monteith and Hargreaves equations. Data, including air

temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and water loss inside and outside the greenhouse,

were collected from similar greenhouses in Kenya and Cameroon. Results indicate that the

water savings within greenhouses are around 50-90%. This significant reduction in water

consumption allows for agricultural intensification as well as horticultural production in arid and

semi-arid regions that make up over 80% of the land in several African countries.

In the study of D’Arpa et al. (2016), greenhouse farming, where energy consumptions are

mainly related to the greenhouses heating, is one of the sectors consuming the most energy

in the agricultural industry. High costs and the uncertain availability of fossil fuels constrain

the use of heating applications. Among possible solutions, the utilization of renewable

heating systems such as geothermal energy through ground-source heat pump systems

(GSHPs) at competitive prices has to be taken in consideration. The competitiveness of

these systems depends mainly on the characteristics of the end-users, i.e., the annual

heating loads. Few studies focusing on the potential of using these systems start with an

analysis of the thermal requirements and end with a cost evaluation in tune with local

assets, geo-climatic conditions, and landscape protection.

12
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the methodologies used in the study. Moreover, it includes

the population and locale of the study, data gathering procedures, data analysis and

statistical tools and design procedures.

Population and Locale of the Study

The researchers selected 50 respondents from Cabagan, Isabela to answer

survey questions essential for the study. In selecting the respondents, the researchers

used convenience sampling which is a type of non-probability sampling method.

Data Gathering Procedures

Survey through questionnaire was used to gather data needed for the study. The

researchers have also sought the help of the appropriate person by using interview as

method of gathering data. The data gathered gave them the idea about the design project.

As for the second objective which was to compare the traditional method over

innovative method, performance variable was collected to the compare the results. These

are the operation time and turn-around time. Internet research has also been undertaken to

search information on any related literatures, dissertation and thesis to significantly help

the researchers in the entire process.

13
Data Analysis and Statistical Tools

The data gathered was tabulated and analyzed using weighted mean. The modified

Likert Scale was used to determine the respondents’ perception on the design project. For

the second objective, the collected data was compared and analyzed carefully using t-test

as statistical tool. Formula for the t-test of two samples assuming equal variances with

a=0.05 was used to test if the null hypothesis of each performance variable will be

rejected. Thus, accepting the null hypothesis will indicate that the innovative method was

able to achieve the same performance variable as compared to the traditional method.

Meanwhile, the rejection of the null hypothesis is the validation that there was an

improvement in the performance variable of the project as compared to the traditional

method.

Table 1. 5-Point Likert Scale

Scale Range Description

5 4.21-5.0 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-4.20 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Slightly Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1-1.80 Strongly Disagree

Design Procedure

This section discussed the different phases done by the researchers in developing

the project. It served as a guide to help the researchers in the development of the project

14
to avoid errors. It also included the specific set of activities that researchers do throughout

the development of the system. This part consists of four phases: conceptualization of the

design project, designing the project, implementation and testing of the design project and

lastly the operation phase.

Phase I. Conceptualization Phase

Based on the surveys done by the researchers, only greenhouses have a boom

irrigation system for watering plant beds, crops and vegetables.

This prompted the researchers to develop boom irrigation system. Communicating

with the use of microcontroller, sensor and DC or stepper motor. As a result, small gardens

have a device capable of watering plants in short time because this system is

programmable and it is simple to handle. Therefore, the proposed study is suitable within

the small area.

The study focused solely in boom irrigation system that automatically provides

uniform watering, that this cannot be achieved with hand watering or conventional

overhead irrigation using nozzles with circular pattern. Boom irrigation has the advances in

technology that will give a production tool that can be applied in an existing small garden or

to a new construction. In greenhouses, farmers are using boom irrigation system to reduce

time in watering plants while effectively moves the nozzles to passed over the same area.

The system in general helps all the locals in their backyard or front yard as to

greater rate of uniformity of watering the plant bed.

Phase II. Design Phase

15
 After the conceptualization phase, the researchers used the data they have

gathered to start designing their project. This is the phase where the researchers have

filtered the data and only the useful data were used. Flowchart, block diagram, circuit

diagram, software, hardware and other necessary materials were used as a tool in

designing the project. The information gathered from the respondents was used as a guide

to avoid any problems during the development of the project.

This phase mainly focuses on the technical aspect of the design project. We

combine and evaluate the collected data in order to produce the proper diagram that will

help the researchers in the success of the project.

AC SOURCE AC MOTOR Pressurized

16
tank (water
source)
 Solenoid

MCU

Boom
Soil
Stepper or Moisture
DC Motor sensor Plant
Bed

Fig. 1 Block Diagram of the Proposed Project

Phase III. Implementation and Testing Phase.

In this phase, the researchers started implementing the design and test the

functionality of the project.

The boom irrigation system which consists of both hardware and software was

implemented. The researchers have purchased the needed materials, equipment, through

online or direct selling. The researchers started developing the project when all the

materials needed were ready.

17
 The developed project was carefully tested according to its error encountered

during testing were eliminated to ensure that the device work smoothly and as wanted.

After implementation and testing, a survey through questionnaire was conducted to

determine the perception of the respondents in the functionality, usability and efficiency of

the project.

Phase IV. Operating Phase.

The final phase of the design procedure where in the project would be in its

operational phase. The researchers used the result of the survey, comments and

suggestions of the respondents to make any necessary connections needed for the

maintenance of the project. The output of the researchers is boom irrigation system that

will help ease the local works in garden or small land areas so they can focus more on

taking care of the crops.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

18
 This chapter presents the result of the design and development of the boom
irrigation system.

PROJECT DESIGN

Figure 1 shows the wiring diagram that served as a guide in connecting the
components for the design project. Arduino UNO microcontroller is the main device that
serves as the brain of the machine. The DC motor, solenoid valve, soil moisture sensor
communicates with one another and Arduino UNO process the information. All
components such as DC motor, solenoid valve, soil moisture sensor and other modules
are connected in the microcontroller to get the final output of the project.

Figure 1. Wiring diagram of Boom Irrigation System

Project Development

19
 Figure 2 shows the soil moisture sensor which is responsible in automatic
detection of soil moisture content.

Figure 2. The Soil Moisture Sensor

Figure 3 shows the water tank and AC motor water pump used where water is
stored.

Figure 3. Water Tank and AC Motor Water Pump

20
 Figure 4 shows the DC motor that is used to move the boom while watering the
plants.

Figure 4. DC Motor

Figure 5 shows the solenoid valve that is used to control the flow of the water that
goes through the boom.

Figure 5. Solenoid Valve

21
Figure 6 shows boom facility where water goes through the plant bed.

Figure 6. Boom Facility

22
 Figure 7 shows the final prototype of the “Boom Irrigation System”, illustrating the
different parts and components of the prototype model of the design project. The soil
moisture sensor determines whether the soils’ volumetric content is low or not. Water tank
pushes the water to go through the solenoid valve. Solenoid valve opens and the water
goes through the boom facility. After the three phases, the DC motor moves the boom
facility to water the plants in the plant bed.

Figure 8. Final Prototype

23
Project Evaluation

Table 2 shows the mean perception of the farmers towards the functionality of the
system. Results show that the overall weighted mean of the respondents is 4.5. It implies
that the respondents strongly agree on the functionality of the project in terms of
convenience in using the system and its operation.

Table 2. Respondents’ Rating on the Functionality of the System

Criteria Respondents’ Weighted Descriptive

Mean Equivalent
1. The boom irrigation system is 4.35 Strongly Agree
an automatic watering system.
2. The boom irrigation system 4.56 Strongly Agree
activates when the soil moisture
sensor detects the moisture
content of the soil is low.
3. The boom irrigation system 4.75 Strongly Agree
provides an automatic watering
system when triggered.
4. The boom irrigation system 4.35 Strongly Agree
waters the plant bed multiple
times over the same area.
5. The boom irrigation system 4.51 Strongly Agree
stops when the plant bed is
totally watered.
Overall weighted Mean 4.5 Strongly Agree

24
Table 3 shows the mean perception of the farmers towards the usability of the system.
Results show that the overall mean of the respondents is 4.55. It implies that the
respondents strongly agree on the usability of the project as an effectively watering tool,
provides/provided accurate processing, is/was easy to install, has an easy process of
operation, and can be easily operated by anyone without difficulty.

Table 3. Respondents’ Rating on the Usability of the System

Criteria Respondents’ Weighted Descriptive

Mean Equivalent
1.The boom irrigation system uses 4.51 Strongly Agree
precise amount of water.
2.The boom irrigation system 4.61 Strongly Agree
waters the plants simultaneously as
it goes through the plant bed.
3.The boom irrigation system is 4.55 Strongly Agree
easy to install.
4.The boom irrigation system has 4.55 Strongly Agree
easy process of operation.
5. The boom irrigation system can 4.53 Strongly Agree
be easily operated by anyone
without difficulty.
Overall weighted Mean 4.55 Strongly Agree

CHAPTER V

25
 Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions

With all the steps and procedures undertaken in this study, the researchers

conclude the following:

1. The project design or the Boom Irrigation System was developed by the

researchers. It made use of an Arduino-based system wherein a soil moisture

sensor, solenoid valve, DC motor, AC motor, and pressurized tank were interfaced

to an Arduino Uno microcontroller as its main connection.

2. With the evaluation done, the respondents’ perceptions revealed that the system

is functional and usable.

Recommendations

26
 The following are recommended for the improvement of the system:

1. Consideration of the motor type of the boom to be used should be given attention.

2. The designers may integrate more irrigation features and ideas like having more

sensors to accommodate all the areas of the plant bed.

3. For future researchers who wish to replicate the study, the following may be

considered:

a. Solar panel may be considered as an alternative power supply.

b. Further testing may be considered in the durability of the materials to

improve the operation of the machine.

c. Provide a display of the volumetric content or value of soil moisture

sensor .

d. Connect a servo motor to control the movement of the boom.

27
 References

Rozillan (2012). Retrieved from

https://www.studymode.com/Arduino-Uno-1680589.html

Enokela and Othoigbe (2015). An Automated Greenhouse Control System Using Arduino

Prototyping Platform. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jonathan_Enokela/publication/274890807_An_

Automated_Greenhouse_Control_System_Using_Arduino_Prototyping_Platform/lin

ks/552ba6450cf2e089a3aa529c/An-Automated-Greenhouse-Control-System-Using-

Arduino-Prototyping-Platform.pdf

Panwar, Kaushik and Kothori (2011). Solar greenhouse an option for renewable and

sustaining farming. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S136403211100270X

Walter, Finger, Huber and Bubhman (2017). Smart farming is key to developing

sustainable agriculture. Retrieved from

https://www.pnas.org/content/114/24/6148.short

Czyzyk, Bement, Dawson and Mehta (2014). Quantifying water savings with greenhouse

farming. Retrieved from

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6970300

28
Fischer, Hartel and Kuemmerie (2012). Conservation policy in traditional farming

landscpes. Retrieved from

https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00227.x

Patil and Kale (2016). A model for smart agriculture using Internet of Things. Retrieved

from

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7955360

Walter, Finger, Huber and Buchman (2017). Smart farming is key to developing

sustainable agriculture. Retrieved from

https://www.pnas.org/content/114/24/6148.short

Loos, Hanspach and Fischer (2015). Socioecological drivers facilitating biodiversity

conservation in traditional farming landscapes. Retrieved from

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1890/EHS15-0021.1

Steenwerth, Hodson and Jackson (2014). Retrieved from

https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2048-

7010-3-11

29
APPENDICES

30
 APPENDICEX A

Relevant Source Code

31
 Arduino Codes

int S1 = A0;

int S1Raw = 0;

int S1Percentage;

int S2 = A1;

int S2Raw = 0;

int S2Percentage;

int S3 = A2;

int S3Raw = 0;

int S3Percentage;

int R1 = 2;

int R2 = 3;

int Valve = 4;

void setup() {

pinMode(S1, INPUT);

pinMode(S2, INPUT);

pinMode(S3, INPUT);

pinMode(R1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(R2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(Valve, OUTPUT);

32
void loop() {

S1Raw = analogRead(S1);

S2Raw = analogRead(S2);

S3Raw = analogRead(S3);

S1Percentage = map(S1Raw, 200, 700, 0, 100);

S2Percentage = map(S2Raw, 200, 900, 0, 100);

S3Percentage = map(S3Raw, 200, 800, 0, 100);

if ((S1Percentage > 70) && (S2Percentage > 70) && (S3Percentage > 70)) {

digitalWrite(Valve, HIGH);

delay(10000);

for (int t = 1; t <= 12; t++) {

digitalWrite(R1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2, LOW);

delay(200);

digitalWrite(R1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2, HIGH);

delay(1500);

33
 for (int t = 1; t <= 20; t++) {

digitalWrite(R1, LOW);

digitalWrite(R2, HIGH);

delay(200);

digitalWrite(R1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2, HIGH);

delay(1500);

else {

digitalWrite(Valve, LOW);

digitalWrite(R1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(R2, HIGH);

34
APPENDIX B
Approval Form

35
36
APPENDIX C
Gant Chart

37
GANTTCHART OF BOOM IRRIGATION SYSTEM

APPENDIX D
Bills of Materials

38
 Billing of Materials

Components Quantity Price Amount

Relay Module 10A 2 2 89 178

Channel
Soil Moisture Sensor 3 57 171

Analog Digital
Solenoid Water 1 1 299

Valve Plastic

Normally Closed
Dynamo 1 400 400
Pressurized Tank 1 2500 2500
Water Pump 1 6500 6500

(Hoover)
DC Motor 1 500 500
Arduino Uno 1 1100 1100
Gear 3 150 450
Battery 1 300 300
Plant Bed 1 7000 7000
Housing 1 9000 9000
TOTAL AMOUNT Php 28,398

39
40
41
42
43
44
45
APPENDIX E
Questionnaire

46
Republic of the Philippines

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

Cabagan, Isabela

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING STUDIES, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY

BOOM IRRIGATION SYSTEM

DIRECTIONS: Please rate your level of satisfaction on the Development of Boom Irrigation
System at Cabagan, Isabela with the arbitrary level indicated below.

1-Strongly Disagree 2-Disagree 3-Slightly Agree 4-Agree 5-Strongly Agree

No. Statement 5 4 3 2 1
Rating on the Functionality of the System
1 The boom irrigation system senses that the soil
moisture content is low.
2 The boom irrigation system activates when soil
moisture sensor detects the moisture content of the
soil is low.
3 The boom irrigation system provides automatic
watering system when triggered.
4 The boom irrigation system waters the plant bed
multiple times over the same area.
5 The boom irrigation system stops when the plant bed
is totally watered.

Rating on the Usability of the System

47
 6 The boom irrigation system is an effective watering
tool.
7 The boom irrigation system water the plants
simultaneously.
8 The boom irrigation system is easy to install.
9 The boom irrigation system has easy process of
operation
10 The boom irrigation system can be easily operated by
anyone without difficulty.

Comments:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

Name (Optional): ___________________________

Signature: ________________________________

Date: ____________________________________

48
49
 Name Description Specification

Arduino Uno The Arduino Uno is  MCU:

an open-source microc ATmega328P – 8

ontroller board based bit AVR family

on microcontroller

the Microchip ATmega  Operating

328P microcontroller Voltage: 5V

APPENDIX F
and developed  Recommen

by Arduino.cc. The ded Input

board is equipped with

(Materials Specifications)
Voltage: 7-

sets of digital and 12V

analog input/output (I/  Input
O) pins that may be Voltage
interfaced to Limits: 6-
various expansion 20V
boards (shields) and  Digital I/O
other circuits. The Pins: 14
board has 14 digital (Out of
I/O pins (six capable of which 6
PWM output), 6 analog provide

50
 I/O pins, and is PWM

programmable with the output)

Arduino IDE

(Integrated

Development

Environment), via a

type B USB cable. It

can be powered by the

USB cable or by an

external 9-volt battery,

though it accepts

voltages between 7

and 20 volts.

Relay Module-2 Channel- A relay is defined as  Number of

12v an electrically operated Relays: 2

switch; their main use  Rated

Load:
is controlling circuits by 7A/240VA
C
a low-power signal or 10A/125VA
C
when several circuits 10A/12VD
C
must be controlled by  Contact

one signal. The first action

relay was used in long Time:

51
 10ms/5ms

distance telegraph

circuits as amplifiers,

basically they repeated

the signal they

received from one

circuit, and transmitted

it into a different one,

they were also used in

early computers to

perform logical

operations

Soil Moisture Sensor The Soil Moisture  Battery

Sensor uses Type:

capacitance to CR2450 x1

measure  Moisture:

the water content of 0~100%, 8-

soil (by measuring the bit

dielectric permittivity of  Temperatur

the soil, which is a e:

function of Operation

the water content). range:

Simply insert this -40°C (-

52
 40°F) to

rugged sensor into the 85°C

soil to be tested, and (185°F) Se

the nsor accur

volumetric water conte acy: +/-1°C

nt of the soil is typical,

reported in percent. -2/+4°C

max Senso

r quantizati

on level

(resolution)

: 10-bit,

about

0.25°C

(0.45°F)

Logging

and

notification.

Solenoid Valve Solenoid  Material:

valves consist of a coil, Metal +

plunger and sleeve Plastic

assembly. ... Once  Voltage:

53
 12V

the solenoid coil is  Screw

energized, the diameter:

resultant magnetic field 20mm/0.8

raises the plunger, inch

enabling flow. When  Product

the solenoid coil is length:

energized in a 84mm/3.3

normally open valve, inch

the plunger seals off  Product

the orifice, which in height:

turn prevents flow. 57mm/2.2

inch

Electric Water Pump Motor A water pump is a  Power:

machine used 1HP

to increase the (750W)

pressure of water in  RPM:

order to move it from 3,450

one point to  Voltage/Fre

another. The water pu quency:

mps use centrifugal 115/230V –

force to send fluid to 60HZ

54
 the outside while it  Max head:

spins, causing fluid to 34m

be drawn from the  Max flow

center continuously. rate: 56

The fluid leaving l/min

the pump flows first Max suction: 8m

through the engine

block and cylinder

head, then into the

radiator and finally

back to the pump.

Pressurized Tank Pressurized tanks are

designed to absorb

expansion forces and

control pressure in

heating/cooling systems.

This tank is the oldest style

design used in these

systems and works well

when the air is controlled

and kept in

the tank, not in the system.

55
 DC
MOTOR  12 VOLTS

APPENDIX G
Photos and Documentations

56
Researchers during their
Gallery walk

Testing of the movement of

irrigation

57
 Checking of hose to be
connected on the water tank

Programming and testing of

soil moisture

58
 Title defense of the
researchers

Final defense of the researchers

59
The photo shows the final prototype of the project.

60
 APPENDIX H
Grammarian’s Certification

61
 Certification

This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed and went through all the pages

of the research entitled “Boom Irrigation System” aligned on the set of structural rules that

govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and words in the English language.

Issued this day __ of ______ 2020.

Signed:

___________________

English Critic

62
 APPENDIX I
(Curriculum Vitae)

63
Cocklyn M. Palunday
Address: Ngarag, Cabagan, Isabela

Mobile No. +63-9658699519

Gmail Address: coleenpalunday@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To apply the knowledge I’ve learned in my degree and to develop my

skills in the field of work.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : June, 3 1999

Age : 21 years old

Place of Birth : Milagros District Hospital

Height : 153 cm

Weight : 49 kgs

Religion : LDS/Mormon

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Language/Dialect Spoken : Tagalog, Ybanag

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

64
ELEMENTARY: Cubag Elementary School

SECONDARY: Delfin Albano High School- Main

Catabayungan, Cabagan, Isabela

COLLEGE: Isabela State University Cabagan Campus

Garita Heights, Cabagan, Isabela

COURSE: Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering 2015-2020

SKILLS AND INTEREST

 Knowledgeable in Computer Troubleshooting

 Knowledgeable in Computer Aided Design

 Programming (HTML)

TRAINING AND SEMINARS ATTENDED

 REGIONAL ICT CONGRESS

Andaya Multi-purpose Hall, Isabela State University, Cabagan, Isabela

March 1, 2018

 COMPUTER ENGINEERING REGIONAL CONGRESS 2019 FOR

THE INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER ENGINEERS IN THE

PHILIPPINES STUDENT EDITION (ICpEP.se)

Alimannao Hills, Penablanca, Cagayan

October 17-19, 2019

 STRUCTURED CABLING

65
 College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

CHARACTER REFERENCES

Professor Ma. Christina V. Magabilin, MIT

Computer Engineering Program Chairwoman

Isabela State University CabaganCampus

Dr. Ivy M. Tarun

Dean

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology

Isabela State University CabaganCampus

Engr. Jun-Jun T. Udasco, ME-ECE

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology

66
 Isabela State University CabaganCampus

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best

of my knowledge and belief.

Cocklyn M. Palunday

67
Edwin L. Macaballug II
Address: Cubag, Cabagan, Isabela

Mobile No. +63-9171398987

Gmail Address:edwinmacaballug@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To apply the knowledge, I acquired and the skills that I developed to the

degree I am enrolled, and to gain more knowledge.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : April, 13 1997

Age : 23 years old

Place of Birth : Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Height : 5’7”

Weight : 55 kgs

Religion : Roman Catholic

Gender : Male

Civil Status : Single

Language/Dialect Spoken : Tagalog, Ybanag, English

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

68
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

ELEMENTARY: Cabagan Science Elementary School

SECONDARY: ISUC- Science and Technology High School

Garita Heights, Cabagan, Isabela

COLLEGE: Isabela State University Cabagan Campus

Garita Heights, Cabagan, Isabela

COURSE: Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering 2015-2020

SKILLS AND INTEREST

 Knowledgeable in Computer Troubleshooting

 Knowledgeable in Computer Aided Design

 Programming (HTML)

TRAINING AND SEMINARS ATTENDED

 REGIONAL ICT CONGRESS

Andaya Multi-purpose Hall, Isabela State University, Cabagan, Isabela

March 1, 2018

 COMPUTER ENGINEERING REGIONAL CONGRESS 2019 FOR

THE INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER ENGINEERS IN THE

PHILIPPINES STUDENT EDITION (ICpEP.se)

Alimannao Hills, Penablanca, Cagayan

October 17-19, 2019

 STRUCTURED CABLING

69
 College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

CHARACTER REFERENCES

Professor Ma. Christina V. Magabilin, MIT

Computer Engineering Program Chairwoman

Isabela State University CabaganCampus

Dr. Ivy M. Tarun

Dean

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology

Isabela State University CabaganCampus

Engr. Jun-Jun T. Udasco, ME-ECE

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology

70
 Isabela State University CabaganCampus

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best

of my knowledge and belief.

Edwin L. Macaballug II

71
Herminio T. Luzon
Address: San Jose, San Pablo, Isabela

Mobile No. +63-9396256455

Gmail Address:herminiotagapan@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To apply the knowledge I acquired and the skills that I developed to the

degree I am enrolled, and to gain more knowledge.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : August 18, 1996

Age : 23 years old

Place of Birth : Napaccu Pequeno, Reina Mercedes, Isabela

Height : 5’4”

Weight : 50 kgs

Religion : Roman Catholic

Gender : Male

Civil Status : Single

Language/Dialect Spoken : Tagalog, Ybanag

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

72
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

ELEMENTARY: Auitan Elementary School

SECONDARY: Saint Paul Vocational and Industrial High School

COLLEGE: Isabela State University Cabagan Campus

Garita Heights, Cabagan, Isabela

COURSE: Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering 2013-2020

SKILLS AND INTEREST

 Knowledgeable in Computer Troubleshooting

 Knowledgeable in Computer Aided Design

 Programming (HTML)

TRAINING AND SEMINARS ATTENDED

 REGIONAL ICT CONGRESS

Andaya Multi-purpose Hall, Isabela State University, Cabagan, Isabela

March 1, 2018

 COMPUTER ENGINEERING REGIONAL CONGRESS 2019 FOR

THE INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER ENGINEERS IN THE

PHILIPPINES STUDENT EDITION (ICpEP.se)

Alimannao Hills, Penablanca, Cagayan

October 17-19, 2019

 STRUCTURED CABLING

73
 College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

CHARACTER REFERENCES

Professor Ma. Christina V. Magabilin, MIT

Computer Engineering Program Chairwoman

Isabela State University CabaganCampus

Dr. Ivy M. Tarun

Dean

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology

Isabela State University CabaganCampus

Engr. Jun-Jun T. Udasco, ME-ECE

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology

74
 Isabela State University CabaganCampus

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best

of my knowledge and belief.

Herminio T. Luzon

75
Aristotel D. Narag
Address: Balasig, Cabagan, Isabela

Mobile No. +63-9367977080

Gmail Address: aristotelnarag@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To apply the skills and knowledge based on the different field of

Computer Engineering.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : July 7, 1999

Age : 21 years old

Place of Birth : Bauan, Solana, Cagayan

Height : 5’8”

Weight : 75 kgs

Religion : Roman Catholic

Gender : Male

Civil Status : Single

Language/Dialect Spoken : Tagalog, Ybanag

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

ELEMENTARY: Balasig Elementary School

76
SECONDARY: Alfreda Albano National High School

COLLEGE: Isabela State University Cabagan Campus

Garita Heights, Cabagan, Isabela

COURSE: Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering 2013-2020

SKILLS AND INTEREST

 Knowledgeable in Computer Troubleshooting

 Knowledgeable in Computer Aided Design

 Programming (HTML)

TRAINING AND SEMINARS ATTENDED

 REGIONAL ICT CONGRESS

Andaya Multi-purpose Hall, Isabela State University, Cabagan, Isabela

March 1, 2018

 COMPUTER ENGINEERING REGIONAL CONGRESS 2019 FOR

THE INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER ENGINEERS IN THE

PHILIPPINES STUDENT EDITION (ICpEP.se)

Alimannao Hills, Penablanca, Cagayan

October 17-19, 2019

 STRUCTURED CABLING

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

77
 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology, Isabela State University Cabagan, Isabela

February 27, 2020

CHARACTER REFERENCES

Professor Ma. Christina V. Magabilin, MIT

Computer Engineering Program Chairwoman

Isabela State University CabaganCampus

Dr. Ivy M. Tarun

Dean

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology

Isabela State University CabaganCampus

Engr. Jun-Jun T. Udasco, ME-ECE

College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication

Technology

Isabela State University CabaganCampus

78
 I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best

of my knowledge and belief.

Aristotel D. Narag

79