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A.

Understanding E-Learning

At first glance we need to understand again what the actual e-Learning. E-

Learning is a distance learning (distance learning) that utilize computer

technology, computer networks and / or the Internet. E-Learning enables learners

to learn through computers in their respective places without having to physically

go to follow the lessons / lectures in class. E-Learning is often understood as a

form of web-based learning that can be accessed from the intranet on a local

network or the Internet. Actually e-Learning materials should not be distributed

on-line either through a local network or the Internet, the distribution of off-line

using the media CD / DVD also includes the pattern of e-Learning. In this case

the application and learning materials developed and distributed as needed

through the media CD / DVD, then the learner can take advantage of the CD /

DVD and learn at the place where he is.

There are several terms associated with e-Learning as follows:

• Distance learning.

E-Learning allows learners to gain knowledge without having to physically attend

classes. Learners can be in Hyderabad, while the "instructor" and the lessons to

be followed elsewhere, in other cities and even in other countries. Interactions

can be run on-line and real-time or off-line or archieved.

Learners learn from a computer in the office or at home by utilizing a local

network connection or the Internet or using the media CD / DVD which has been

prepared. Learning materials is managed by a central provider of the material in

college / university, or a specific content provider companies. Learners can


manage their own study time, and place from where it accesses a lesson.

• Learning with computers

E-Learning delivered by utilizing a computer device. In general, the device is

equipped multimedia device, with a cd drive and an Internet connection or a local

Intranet. By having a computer connected to the intranet or the Internet, learners

can participate in e-Learning. The number of learners who can participate is not

restricted by the capacity of the class. Subject matter can be posited with higher

quality standards than conventional classes depending on the conditions of

teachers.

• Formal vs. Learning. Informal

E-Learning can include formal and informal learning. E-Learning formally, for

example, are learning the curriculum, syllabus, subjects and tests that have been

arranged and prepared on an agreed schedule of the relevant parties (e-Learning

managers and learners themselves). Lessons like this are usually high level of

interaction and was required by the company on its employees, or distance

learning, managed by universities and companies (typically companies

consultants) who are engaged in the provision of e-Learning services to the

public. E-Learning can also be done informally with simpler interactions, for

example by means of mailing lists, e-newsletter or personal websites,

organizations and companies that want to socialize the services, programs,

knowledge or skills to the public (usually free of charge) .

• Learning which is supported by experts in their respective fields.

Although e-Learning seems to be given only through computers, e-Learning was


prepared, supported, managed by a team consisting of experts in their respective

fields, namely:

1. Subject Matter Expert (SME) or the speakers from the training delivered

2. Instructional Designer (ID), assigned to systematically design a material matter

of SME e-Learning teaching methods for incorporating elements of the material

becomes more interactive, easier and more interesting to learn

3. Graphic Designer (GD), change the text material into graphic form with

pictures, colors, and layout are pleasing to the eye, effective and interesting to

learn

4. Expert field Learning Management System (LMS). Manage the system on the

website that regulate traffic between instructor interaction with students,

antarsiswa with other students.

Here, learners can see the modules on offer, can take the tasks and tests to be

done, and look at the schedule in a virtual discussion with instructors, other

resource persons, and other learners. Through this LMS


Active Learning Strategies

As emphasized by learning theorists such as Crow and Crow (1963), Gagne (1965),

and Hilgard and Bower (1966) in Knowles (1990), the core learning process is a change

in the individual self in these aspects of knowledge, attitudes, skills, and habits as the

product and its interaction with the environment. Or if we take Kolb (1986), says that:

"learning is the process of building knowledge through the transformation of

experience". In other words a process of learning can be said to succeed when the

individual self is formed knowledge, attitudes, skills, or new habits that are qualitatively

better than ever. The learning process can occur because of interactions between

individuals with independent learning environment, or deliberately designed.

This type of interactive learning models Prof. Dr. Atwi Suparman, M.Sc. (1997:12)

describes, among others:

1) The model of information whose purpose focuses on the process of communication

and discussion through interaction laden argumentative reasoning. Included in this

family oriented model, the Model General Assembly, Model Seminar, Model Working

Conference, Symposium Model, Model forum, and the Model Panel.

2) Model Learning through experience whose purpose focuses on the process

perlibatan in a situation that implies a change of behavior and value-laden social

attitudes. Included in this family Simulation Model, Model Role Playing, Serving

Situation Model, Model Group Applications, Serving the Conflict Model, Model

Syndicate, and Group Model "T".

3) whose purpose problem-solving model focuses on the process of assessment and

solving problems through dialogical interaction in inductive reasoning laden situations.


Included in this family Brainstorming Model, Model Noisy Talk, Model Discussions Free,

Occupational Group Model, Model Group Cross, Model Tutorial, Case Study Model, and

Model Workshop.

Situmorang orientation group model (1997:3) says that: "a model of learning through the

introduction of the program and learning environment. In the established group of

students learning. The meaning of the program includes goals and strategies for

achievement, whereas learning linmgkungan include a means of learning, resource,

support facilities, and includes rules that must be obeyed ". There are three basic skills

needed to teach teachers the skills to explain, the skill to ask questions and small group

processing skills.

Model General Assembly Winataputra (1997:13) explains that: "learning the technical

term used to indicate a form of procedural organization of teaching-learning interactions

involving teachers (teachers, coaches, tutors, lecturers, instructors, lecturers) and

students (petatar, students, students). " This model is an artificial form of simulative or

the general assembly or can be called the General Session classroom pedagogical

scale. This model aims for students to present information, lead meetings, discussing

problems, and formulate conclusions or make decisions in a formal meeting. Some

teach basic skills that need to be controlled which describes the skills, skills asked,

holding various skills, classroom management skills and ketarampilan provide

reinforcement.

Model Seminar Irawan (1997:25) explains that: "a learning activity involving a group of

people who have deep experience and knowledge, or deemed to have experience and

thorough knowledge of a thing, and discuss it together with the aim that every
participants can learn from each other and share experiences with colleagues ".

Working Conference on Model Tubbs (in Wardiani, 1997:37) defines: "as a series of

meetings to discuss topics of concern various people or groups of conference

participants. For example, representatives from various universities held a conference

to discuss the curriculum, community service, and others. "

Model Symposium Winataputra (1997:49) says: "a form of official scientific meeting." In

this meeting the speakers expressed the view on a topic from a variety of visions. In this

way a topic widely discussed issue so that it decomposes as an interdisciplinary

problem. For example, education issues are discussed from the social vision,

economics, psychology, religion, and technology. Model symposium is a learning

framework that portray learners as experts in various fields to practice solving a

problematic topic. Learners are conditioned to try different ideas about something from

their respective visions.

Models Forum is used as a technical term study to show a form of procedural

organization of classical learning and teaching interactions that involve teachers and

learners in the context of the discussion of the problem. This model can be a real (real)

if the issues discussed really is a problem faced by learners.

The panel discussion is the conceptual framework used by the teacher in organizing the

teaching and learning interactions in the context of the discussion of controversial

issues in his neighborhood. This model can be done in real or in the form of simulative,

depending on the nature of the problem are discussed. By using this model, learners

will be able to convey information or opinions about controversial issues. This process

will condition students to think critically and be tolerant of others different opinions.
The simulation model is defined as learning activities that provide opportunities for

students to mimic an activity or work required in everyday life, or related to the duties

which would be his responsibility if future students are already working. For example,

teaching simulation, simulation helps the sick, simulations overcome robbery, or

simulation of space arrangement. As such, simulation as one model of imitation learning

is a job that requires certain skills of students in accordance with the established

curriculum. Simulation aims to provide opportunities to practice mastering certain skills

through artificial situations so that students are free from the risk of hazardous work.

Playing the role used in the study with the aim of providing opportunities for students to

practice awareness and social sensitivity and a positive attitude, in addition to finding

alternative solutions to problems. In other words, through role playing, students are

expected to understand and appreciate the various problems encountered in everyday

life. This is what is the main pressure in playing a role that distinguishes it from the

simulation. Simulation more emphasis on skill formation, whereas the formation of

attitudes and values is an additional goal.

Models Serving The situation is a learning procedural framework that uses simulation as

a trigger (trigger) study. The material presented is not an abstract concept verbally but

reflects a situation that created the concept. Learners are conditioned to be able to

capture the concept that through the process of analysis of simulated situations.

Models Applications Group is a model of learning skills through the application in real

situations. The term is often used to describe the application of the realization of a

concept, principle, or procedure. For example, we often hear people say that's only a

concept, but in fact how?


Model Group Syndicate is a technical term used for organizing learning teaching and

learning interactions that involve teachers, learners, and learning environment. The goal

is to train the skills for learners to explore / seek information, discuss it with fellow

friends, check the accuracy of information, presenting information in scientific reports,

and develop attitudes are responsible for their own learning process.

Class "T" is an approach borrowed from the world of psychology and management.

Through this model, a group of people placed in a given situation, so that everyone in

the group felt there was a unified whole with the other members of the group. In the

world of management, this strategy often done in many organizations because it is

believed that organizational goals can not be optimally achieved if organizations do not

have the personal in the synergy of the team, did not have a sense of unity with other

colleagues. In the world of education and training, group model "T" is used with

relatively the same reason.

Model Brainstorming (brainstorming) Suciati (1977:153) explains that: "in essence a

model to look for solving problems (problem solving), although it can also be used for

the purpose of the program, manual labor, and so on". This model consists of two

stages, the identification of ideas (brainstorming) and idea evaluation stage.

Noisy Speech Models Wardani (1977:161) explains that: "The translation of the Buzz

Group, which literally means" a collection of bee "buzzing". This buzz is typical of the

buzz group. In the study, the Group of Noisy Speech is a small group of 2-5 people who

discuss an issue or problem in a short time.

Free Discussion Group model is the model of discussion groups providing opportunities

for students to determine the topics and direction of discussion. Thus, the group is free
to choose topics that will be freely discussed and the manner and direction (goals) to be

achieved in the discussions. Even students can determine who he wants in a group.

The main objective to be achieved through this model for the child to develop values

and attitudes through discussion of new ideas. In addition, the development through the

free discussion by students is also expected to develop new ideas that may never have

had the opportunity to be disclosed.

Occupational Group Model Situmorang (1997:183) explains that: "a learning model that

uses a process approach to sharing experiences in the same job." Maybe we are a

profession and field of the same work ever assembled to solve a particular problem,

then everyone was asked to express their experiences that range with the problem. The

process of sharing experiences like this is called the Model Occupational Group.

Model Discussion Group Trust is essentially public discussion. Discussion is an activity

which was attended by two or more people to share ideas and experiences and expand

knowledge. For example, some members of the group discussions tend to be quiet and

just be a listener. On the other hand, one of two other members tend to dominate the

entire discussion. Clearly this situation is not healthy (especially if the discussion is used

in the context of learning and teaching). This model was introduced to cover some

weakness at the top.

Tutorials Model Winataputra (in Suparman, 1997:205) said: "that the tutorial or" tutoring

"is a technical term defined as learning assistance and aid learning." Tutorials can be

given by teachers or fellow students (peer tutorial) or another person as a guest (guest

tutorial) or higher learners (cross age tutorial).


Pak. Dwi

Name : Septi Ayu Saputri


Number : 19
Class : VIII C
Source : http://hilaludinwahid.com/teori-belajar- dan-
pembelajaran-e-learning/

RSBI SMP N 5 SRAGEN


SCHOOL YEAR 2010/2011

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