Nails Care Word Complete

TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 11
N
O
T
Home Economics
Beauty/Nail Care Services
Quarter 1 - Module 1
Apply Hand Treatment (1)
10
TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
Home Economics
00
Beauty/ Nail Care Services
Quarter 1 - Module 1
Apply Hand Treatment (1)
MARY GRACE C.CANO

SUBJECT TEACHER
Lesson Nail Structure and
1 Conditions
What I Need to Know
This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the competencies in Home Economics - Beauty/ Nail Care Services Grade
10. The scope of this lesson permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used identifies the varied vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to complement with the textbook you are now
using. The content of this lesson comprised of the information about the nail
structure and conditions with the following objectives;
 identify nail structure and condition;
 check and analyze condition of clients’ hand;
 perform the shaping of the nail; and
 appreciate the benefit of having healthy hands and feet.

What I Know (Pre Test)
Hello learners! Before you will start to explore this lesson, let us
determine your stock knowledge about the nail structure and basic nail shapes. Try
this test.
I. Directions. A.1. Label the different parts of nail.
3 2
4
5
A.2.
Identify the different shapes of nail.
a. __________ b. _________ c. __________ d. _________ e. _________
II. Directions. Enumerate the basic structures of the nail and describe each with one
Phrase or sentence only.
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
6. ___________ - __________________________________________
7. ___________ - __________________________________________
What’s In
Hello learners! Beauty Care is everywhere, isn’t it?
Yes, people are investing money going in the salon to beautify themselves
regardless of gender. The reason why beauty salons are one of the fastest growing
industries.
The fact is, looking handsome or pretty is what most of us would want. The
reason why we take good care of care of our body.
What’s New
That’s right! All parts of our body should be taken care of even the tips of our
finger where the nails are located.
Describe the picture below. What do you think are these students doing?
You have noticed a group of students having their hands-on activity in nail
care, right? Nail Care involves any hand treatment services like manicure or
pedicure, hand spa, hand massage and any other beautification of the hands and
feet that is performed by a well-trained staff called a nail technician.
So, today we will learn all about the nails, its structures and shape. Are you
ready?
What Is It
As a beauty care student or a future nail technician someday, why do you

need to learn the structure of the nail?
The fact is that the structure and growth of the nail are certainly not the most
glamorous portion of your training in nail care, but could be one of the most
essential. More infections are spread through the nails and hands than any other
parts of the body.
Nails are one of the key parts of our body, which are not only the main focus
of the wellness goals of many men and women but also serve as a potent indicator
of a person’s health.
To give clients professional and responsible service, you must learn about the
structure of the nail. You must know when it is safe to work on a client and when
they must be referred to a doctor. So, learning about the structure and growth of the
nail is extremely relevant to your future success and well-being.
Please read further…
Basic Information about Nail
A nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The
main relevance of the nail is to protect the fingers and toes but take note that
fingernail also assists with certain physical activities in daily life.
Basic Structures of the Nail
http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_nail_care_learning_module.pdf
Structures of Nail
1. Lunula - the pearly colored and crescent-shaped is

due to the cells being pushed closer together. Free
Edge
2. Cuticle - it is the transparent skin, which is
called the 'true cuticle’ that is removed Cuti Nail
during the manicuring process. cle Plat
e
Lun
Matr
and
Rest
3. Free edge -the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped into oval, round,
stiletto, etc. It is an extension of the nail plate that extends the hyponychium.
4. Matrix - the only living, reproducing part of the nail. This is situated directly below
the cuticle. New cells develop here and continually Photo credittowards
push by Lucille N.
to Quiriado
form the nail
plate. It also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides the cells
with nourishment. If the matrix is damaged the nail will manifest deformation.
5. Nail bed - the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on which extends up to
the matrix. It is supplied with blood vessels and nerves on the undersurface of the
nail plate.
6. Nail walls - the skin that overlaps the sides of the nail. They contain your nail in
place and protect the nail plate edges.
7. Nail Plate - is a visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This is
made up of dead cells and enough moisture.
Shapes of Nail
The shape of nail conforms to that of fingertips of an individual.
Stilleto/pointed Squoval Round Square Oval/Almond
a. Stiletto/ pointed nail - filed away at the sides to a point at the tip; this shape is
very weak as the sides of the nail.
b. Squoval – a combination of square and oval shape, done by squaring off
the tip, which gives the nail tip strength over the oval shape.
c. Round nail - ideal for shorter nails, the nail is allowed to grow out straight at
the sides for approximately 1.5 mm and then the tip is filed into a rounded
shape.
d. Square nail-it is created by allowing the nail to grow out straight and then
filing the tip straight across at right angles with the rest of the nail plate.
e. Oval nail - this is common among people with long, perfect nail beds. It
may be filed slightly rounded at the base and slightly pointed at the
fingertips.
Your Opinion Matters

Directions. Answer briefly the questions. Refer to the rubrics given below.
1. What is the benefit of having healthy nails?
2. As a future nail technician, how important is determining the client’s
structure of the nail before performing the nail services?
Rubrics
Dimension Fair 5 points Good Very Good
20points 25 points
Students were able to Student were able to Students were able to
Knowledge convey limited ideas convey a few ideas on convey several ideas on
and on the topic with little the topic with some the topic with a good
understanding knowledge degree of knowledge degree
of knowledge
Work was prepared Work was prepared Work was prepared and
and planned with little and planned with planned with
Accuracy
effectiveness some effectiveness considerable
effectiveness
Learners put little or Learners put some Learners put full
Effort no effort into this effort into this activity. effort into this
activity. activity.
What’s More
What’s up! Now that you know the structure and shapes of the nail. Try to
examine your hands too by answering this activity. You can do this.
Nail Care
Directions. In your activity notebook, trace your hand using your pen or pencil and
write inside each finger the things you love to do with the help of your
hands. Below your drawing, answer the question, how important are your
hands and nails to be healthy?
Photo credit by Lucille N. Quiriado
Rubrics
Content Fair Good Very Good
5 points 20 points 25 points
Students were able to Students were able to Students were able to

Knowledge convey limited ideas convey a few ideas on convey several ideas
and on the topic with little the topic with some on the topic with a
understanding knowledge degree of knowledge good degree
of knowledge
Work was prepared Work was prepared Work was prepared
and planned with little and planned with and planned with
Accuracy
effectiveness
Learners put little or Learners put some effort Learners put full
Effort no effort into this into this activity. effort into this
activity. activity.
What I Have Learned
Hi there! Now that you know the structure of the nails and its different shapes.
You are ready to explore more by answering the activity below.
Directions. A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer to complete the sentence.
You will have two responses every number.
1. Free edge is the portion of the nail that can be filed and _____. It is an extension
of the _______ that overlaps the hyponychium.
2. __________are the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. It holds your
nail in place and protects the _________ edges.
3. Nail bed is the portion of the nail that the nail plate _______ on, also an extension
of the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with _______ and nerves on the under
surface of the nail plate.
4. _______ is the only living reproducing part of the nail, this is situated directly
below the _______. New cells form here and repeatedly push towards to produce
the nail plate. It also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides
the cells with nourishment. If the matrix is injured the nail will grow deformed.
5. _____________ is a noticeable nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge.
This is made up from _______ and a minimum amount of moisture.
Directions. B. Match the items in column A with the correct answer in column B.
Column A Column B
____ 1. One of the potential indicators of a person’s health a. round shape
____ 2. Ideal shape for shorter nails b. nails
____ 3. a combination of square and oval shape c. squoval shape
____ 4. this shape is very weak as the sides of the nail d. stiletto shape
____ 5. common among people with long, perfect nail beds e. oval shape
f. nail plate
What I Can Do
Hi learners! Are you still there? There you are, stay tuned for another
exercise. This time let us practice through hands-on exercise, performing the nail
shapes.
Filing is the easiest way to shape your nails without causing damage or
cracks on the nails. It simply makes the nails look good with the desired shape.
Learn how to file nails and appreciate creating various nail shapes!
For the next activity, you will need the following;
Nail Cutter Cuticle Pusher Nail Buffer Nail File. Nail Brush
Do it Yourself! Nail Shape.

Directions. Follow the procedure below to perform the nail shape activity. Refer to
the
rubrics for the performance given below the procedure.
1. Prepare and assemble all the tools needed.
2. Choose among the five basic nail shapes, then practice in your nail your
chosen shape.
3. Cut your nail with the use of the nail cutter.
4. Hold the nail file board lightly between your thumb and index finger.
5. Start filing the free edge of the nail in one direction. Do not file backward
and forward to avoid cracks. Continue until the desired shape is achieved
(oval, round, oval, squoval, and pointed).
6. Remove dust to finish.
7. Record your performance through a video or photos. In the absence of
these gadgets, you may write a short narration of your experience in your
activity notebook.
Rubrics
Dimensions Highly Skilled 48 Moderately Unskilled No Attempt 1
Skilled points Skilled 40 points 35 points
50 points 45 points
Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate Never selects, No attempt to
Use of tools, selection of selection of selection of prepares and use use the tools
equipment tools and use tools and tools, Appropriate and equipment
and materials of materials use of preparation and selection of tools
and equipment materials use of materials and equipment
(20%) all the time and and equipment
equipment some of the
most of the time
Time
Systematic Systematic Systematic Never follows No effort to
Application of
presentation of presentation presentation of systematic apply
Procedure
procedures all of procedures presentation of procedures to
(40%) the time without procedures some of the procedures and project/activity
supervision most of the time with highly
time with constant development
minimum supervision on supervision
supervision
Safety / Highly self- Self- driven Self- driven and Needs to be No drive and
Work driven and and observes driven and totally
Habits observes observes sometimes does not disregards
(30%) all safety most safety some safety observe safety precaution
precautions at precautions precautions precaution
all times most of the
time
Speed / Time Work done Work done Work done Work done way No idea of time
(10%) ahead of time meets close to beyond
deadline deadline deadline
Assessment (Post-test)
Congratulations learners! You have come this far. Take the post-test to
evaluate your learning and you’re finally done.
A. Direction. A.1. Label the different parts of nail.

Photo credit by Lucille Quiriado
A.2. Identify the different shapes of nail.
a. __________ b. _________ c. __________ d. _________ e. _________

II. Direction. Enumerate the basic structures of the nail and describe each with one
Phrase or sentence only.
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
6. ___________ - __________________________________________
7. ___________ - __________________________________________
Additional Activity
Directions. Find five friends or classmates. Then, analyze and identify their nail
shapes. Fill up the table below for your reference. Draw each of
their nail shapes.
Name of Friends / Type of Nail Shape Drawing of the Nail

Classmates Shape
Rubrics

of knowledge
Accuracy
effectiveness
activity. activity.
What I Need to Know
This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the competencies in Home Economics –
Beauty/Nail Care Services. The scope of this lesson permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used
identifies the varied vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to match with the textbook you are now using.
The content of this lesson covers the nail diseases and disorders with the
following objectives;
 identify nail diseases and disorders;
 describe nail diseases and disorders;
 check and analyze condition of client’s hands and nails; and
 appreciate the importance of having healthy hands and nails.
What I Know
I. Direction. Match Column A with the correct answer in column B.
1. a vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate layers at the distal (free)nails
a. Blue edge of
the nail plate b. Brittle nails
2. extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually it is caused by c. varying
Claw nails
degree
of hyperkeratosis d. Eggshell nails
3. a condition nail plate which splits from the nail bed e. Hangnails
f. Onychauxis or
4. nail condition in which the cuticle separates around the nail
hypertrophy
5. chronic soreness of the nail fold and nail bed (matrix) g. Onychia
6. is referred to ingrown nails which affect the fingers and toenails h. Onychocryptosis
7. infectious disease caused by a vegetable parasite i. Onychomycosis
8. abnormality of nail plate caused by biting nails j. Onychophagy or
9. an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks to the surfaces of nail plate bitten nail
10. is caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually k. Pterygium
l. Ridges
resulting from illness.
II. Direction. EnUmerate five of the nail disorders and another five the nail diseases.
Describe each in one sentence only.
. Direction. Enumerate five of the nail disorders and another five the nail diseases.
Nail Disorders
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
Nail Diseases
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
a. Blue nails
a vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate layers at the
b. Brittle nails
distal (free) edge of the nail plate c. Claw nails
extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually it is caused d. Eggshell nails
What’s
by varyingIn degree of hyperkeratosis e. Hangnails
a condition nail plate which splits from the nail bed f. Onychauxis or
nail condition in which the cuticle separates around the nail hypertrophy
chronic soreness of the nail fold and nail bed (matrix) g. Onychia
Good Day! How was yourwhich
nail shape h. Onychocryptosis
is referred to ingrown nails affectexperience?
the fingers Were
and you able to achieve
the shape you want for your nail? If yes, then you are ready to i.apply
toenails
Onychomycosis
it to other
j. Onychophagy or
people like your
infectious classmates,
disease caused by friends, or family.
a vegetable Keep on practicing and bitten
parasite surelynailyou will
be an expert in
abnormality ofit.
nail plate caused by biting nails k. Pterygium
an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks to the surfaces of nail l. Ridges
plate
10. is caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually
What’s New
resulting from illness.
Have you experienced a damaged nail due to crush injuries like accidents or
sometimes even in the sports where it gets hurt by a ball or a weight? Well. That too
much pain to bear, right? Then, you’ll notice that your nail suffers deformities or
unpleasant injuries.
On the contrary, another unfortunate case may occur in your nails like
infections and deformities due to diseases or unknown disorders.
An activity on the next page is prepared for you to share your experience.
Directions. Tell your own story of your experience of your damaged nail, the
cause of that accident or infection, how it affects you, and the duration of
healing until it was replaced with a healthy nail plate. Then, citing the
importance of having a healthy nail. If you lack any experience, then ask
your family member about it. A minimum of one paragraph will do. Refer
to the rubrics given.
Nail Story
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.
Rubrics
,,

of knowledge
Accuracy Work was prepared Work was prepared Work was prepared and
effectiveness
activity. activity.
What Is It
Today you will learn the nail diseases and disorder cases, its types with
images. Read the information below for your deeper understanding.
LESSON 2
Nail Diseases and Disorders
Nail diseases are conditions of the nails which lead to bacterial, fungal, and
viral infections. They are more serious and if not treated, can result in severe
infection and permanent damage to the nail.
Nail disorders, on the other hand, are conditions of the nail that can be
treated. They can be caused by internal and external factors and most people will
experience one of these conditions at some point. Many disorders can affect the
nails. These disorders can affect any part of the nail unit and can impact the
appearance of the nail plate itself.
Given below are the lists of the few important nail diseases and disorders and
their characteristics.
Nail Diseases Characteristics
It is an infectious disease caused by a
1. Onychomycosis vegetable parasite. The onset of the
disease takes about two to three months
and the attack is rarely on more than one
or two nails. The appearance of the nail is
frayed (worn out), brittle with the furrowed
surface, opaque, grayish, or yellowish in
color and is lifted-up by an accumulation
of epidermis underneath.
is a term applicable to chronic
2. Onychia inflammation of the nail fold and nail bed
(matrix).It results from the introduction of
the microscopic pathogen through small
wounds.
3. Onychocryptosis It is referred to as ingrown nails that

affect the fingers and toenails. It is
marked by nail growth into surrounding
tissues and may cause infection.
Incorrect trimming a shaping of nails are
often responsible for ingrown nails.
It is the periodic shedding of one or
4. Onychoptosis more nails, either in the whole or in part.
This condition may be a symptom of a
more alarm disease such as syphilis or
can result from fever, trauma systematic
upset or adverse reaction to the drug.
It refers to the detachment of the nail

5. Onycholysis
from the nail bed, starting at its distal
and/or lateral attachment. The most
common cause of onycholysis is
psoriasis.
6. Onychogryphosis It pertains to the extreme thickening

or claw nails curvature of the nails, usually, it is caused
by varying degrees of hyperkeratosis (a
skin disease in which the skin gets
thicker) on the distal portion of the nail
bed that detaches and lifts the plate off
the bed.
Nail Disorders Characteristics
1. Blue nails It is bluish in color, may be attributed to

poor blood circulation or heart disorder.
2. Brittle nails It is a vertical splitting or separation of

the nail plate layers at the distal (free)
edge of the nail plate. Overexposure to
detergent soap and other chemical
solvents
3. Bruised nails It shows dark purplish (almost black or

brown) spots in the nail. This is usually
due to injury and bleeding of the nail bed.
As the nail grows, dried blood in the nail
bed will also go out.
4. Eggshell nails The nail plate separates from the nail-

bed and curves at the free edge. It may be
caused by the chronic illness of systemic
or nervous origin.
5. Furrows These are long ridges that run either

lengthwise or across the nail. Some
lengthwise ridges are normal in adults.
These ridges increase with age and can
also be caused by psoriasis, poor
circulation, and frostbite. Ridges that run
across the nail are caused by high fevers,
pregnancy & measles.
6. Hangnails It is a condition in which the cuticle splits

around the nail. Carelessness in removing
the cuticle, dryness, cutting off too much
may result in hangnails. It
may cause infection if not treated.
7. Leconychia or A white spot appears frequently in the

white spot nails. They may be caused by injury to the
base of the nail. As the nail continues to
grow, these white spots eventually
disappear
8. Pterygium It is an overgrowth of the cuticle which

sticks to the surfaces of the nail plate.
Carefully remove the adhering growth by
means of a cuticle nipper.
9. Onychatrophia It is described as wasting away of the

nail. The nail loses its luster, shrinks and
falls This can be caused by injury to the
nail matrix or by internal disease.
10. Onychauxis It is an overgrowth of the nail usually in

or hypertrophy thickness rather than length. It is caused
by an internal imbalance, such as local
infection or heredity.
11. Onychophagy It is a deformity of a nail plate caused

or bitten nail by biting nails. It is an acquired nervous
habit which prompts the individual to chew
the nail or the hardened cuticle.
12.Onychorrhexis It refers to a split or brittle nails caused

or split or brittle by an injury to the finger, careless filing of
nails the nails, excessive use of cuticle solvents
and nail polish removers. The nails may
be extremely dry because of some
granular disorder.
13. Ridges It is caused by the uneven growth of the

nails, usually resulting from illness. Buffing
the nails with paste polish will help remove
ridges.
14.Treating cuts
It is caused by an accident during
manicure service. Apply an antiseptic
immediately. Do not apply nail polish on
the affected area
Learners! Are you amazed with the different nail diseases and disorders?
Yes, there are lots of them. Some may have difficult names but one thing for sure, no
one would like to have them. So, take good care of your hands and nails to avoid
unpleasant nails.
Try the activity on the next page to test your understanding.
Directions. Identify what kind of nail disease or disorder the nail condition is of
the picture below. Then, opposite to the nail disease or disorder,
cite your own opinion on whether each condition can be allowed to
have a nail care treatment or not. Write your reasons briefly.
1. - ______________ - ______________________________
2. - ______________ - ______________________________
3. - ______________ - ______________________________
4. - ______________ - ______________________________
5. - ______________ - _____________________________
What’s More
As a future nail technician, you must be able to identify any condition on a

client’s nails that should not be treated and cannot be treated in the salon. You must
be able to identify infectious conditions that may pose danger for contamination, in
order for you to take the appropriate steps to protect yourself and your clients from
the spread of disease or infections.
You should know, a normal, healthy nail is strong but flexible. The surface is
smooth, shiny, and unstained with no curvy ridges or splits. A healthy nail also is
whitish and glowing in appearance, with the pinkish color of the nail bed.
Taking care of one’s nail is essential. Experts say that more infections are
spread through the nails and hands than any other area of the body. Nails are one of
the important parts of our body, which serve as an effective indicator of a person’s
health. If ever, you will detect an abnormal appearance of the nails, especially nail
infections, then never perform the nail services and refer the client to a physician.
Disorders or Diseases
Directions. Identify the kind of nail disorders or nail diseases being referred to
by each word below. Answer DISORDER for nail disorders and
DISEASE for nail diseases.
_____________ 1. Bruised nails _____________ 8. Onychia

_____________ 2. Onycholysis _____________ 9. Onychorrhexis
_____________ 3. Onychogryphosis _____________ 11. Furrows
_____________ 4. Ridges _____________ 12. Onychoptosis
_____________ 5. Onychauxis _____________ 13. Treating cuts
_____________ 6. Blue nails _____________ 14. Onychocryptosis
_____________ 7. Bruised nails _____________ 15. Onychophagy
_____________10. Leconychia
LESSON 3
Taking care of your skin with

increased hand-washing
WHEN WASHING YOUR HANDS
First, it's ideal to use a soap that is hypoallergenic, free of irritants and perfumes,
says Dr. Dawn Davis, a Mayo Clinic dermatologist. Also, soap in bar form tends to
have fewer chemicals and more moisture content.
Hand sanitizers are thought to be almost as effective as soap and water, but she
says soap and water are definitely preferred, especially after using the restroom and
before and after eating.
"Your skin is sort of like a kitchen sponge, and over time, with repetitive
washing, it will simply dry out and look like a dry kitchen sponge,"
make sure you scrub between your fingers, including your thumbs, under your rings,
the back of your hands and around your wrists. The same is true when rinsing.
"People forget about that and then soap residue stays between the digits or lies on
the backs of the wrists and, over time, will get an irritant dermatitis from the soap
residue that’s there," says Dr. Davis.
WHEN DRYING YOUR HANDS
Be gentle with your skin when drying your hands. Dr. Davis says it’s important to pat
dry instead of rubbing or scrubbing your hands. She also says using a paper towel
can be abrasive.
"I would suggest using linen, such as a cotton towel, over a paper towel," says Dr.
Davis. "But using either a paper or cotton towel is preferable to letting the hands air
dry. Air drying only lets the skin dry out more due to diffusion and evaporation of
moisture off the skin, and then if you shake your hands dry you might contaminate
surfaces if you happen to have any germs left on your skin."
"Your skin is sort of like a kitchen sponge, and over time, with repetitive washing, it
will simply dry out and look like a dry kitchen sponge," says Dr. Davis.
She says after you wash and pat dry, some moisture comes back into the skin and
you can trap it by putting on a moisturizer. There are multiple ways to do that,
according to Dr. Davis. "You can use lotion, with creams, and/or ointments."
APPLYING LOTIONS, CREAMS, OINTMENTS
"Lotions tend to be the weakest of the three with regard to moisturizing because they
have more water content and, so, lotion goes into the skin quite well," Dr. Davis
says. "It tends to be thinner, but it will evaporate faster."
Creams are like lotion, but have less water content. They tend to be thicker, and they
tend to take a longer time to absorb into the skin. They stay longer and evaporate
more slowly over time.
Ointments purely sit on top of the skin. "So you can think of them like a greenhouse
roof or like a lid," adds Dr. Davis. "They essentially prevent or slow the evaporation
that naturally happens off the skin."
LAYERED MOISTURIZING
Apply an allergen-free or hypo-allergenic lotion or cream to the skin, and rub it in

gently, making sure to get between the digits and include the wrists.
"If you don't feel that your hands are moist enough, simply wait 30 seconds to a
minute, then reapply," Dr. Davis says. "You definitely get benefit from a second
application. If you think your skin needs more help, you could apply a cream or a
lotion first. Then use an ointment on your second application to seal it in like a roof,
allowing sort of that greenhouse effect."
Dr. Davis says there are patients with sensitive skin who are having dermatitis flares.
And there are also those who didn't know they had sensitive skin, until they started
the extra hand-washing regimen. "So, there's sort of a three-step process in my mind
of how to go above and beyond the general moisturizing," she says.
The first step would be put a single or double layer of lotion or cream on your hands,
ideally before bed.
Cover those layers with an ointment, like petroleum jelly.
Then put a cotton sock over your hands and wrists, for the night.
THE 'SKIN BURRITO'
Dr. Davis says if you've tried layered moisturizing with the cotton sock example, and
that isn't helping, she would kick it up a notch. "Something that in dermatology we
call a wet dressing, and, with my patients, I've nicknamed the 'medical burrito,' or the
'skin burrito.'"
 Before bed, wash your hands and pat them dry.

 Put on two layers of your thickest, most effective hypoallergenic lotion or
cream not ointments. Ointments won't absorb into the skin.
 Put a teaspoon of white vinegar into a glass or small bowl of warm water, and
soak two clean washcloths.
 Wring them out and wrap around your hands.
 Cover your hands with socks.
"The warm water and vinegar soak adds more moisture to that greenhouse effect,"
says Dr. Davis. "The vinegar helps adjust the pH, which keeps the skin clean. The
heat, or the warmth, allows the pores to open up and allows the extra lotion to soak
deeper into the skin more effectively."
SKIN IRRITATION FROM WEARING FACE MASKS
Since health care workers and now the public are wearing face masks, it seems skin
irritations on the face might need similar treatment.
"People are getting friction and irritation across their nasal bridge, behind their ears
and perhaps under their chin," says Dr. Davis. "That happens because of natural
wear, but also because the masks are tight, which is well-intentioned but can
strangulate the skin. So this is not only causing friction and dermatitis, but some
bruising."
She says the first step for mask use and sensitive skin is after you've washed and
patted your face dry, apply hypoallergenic moisturizer that's made for your face.
Apply the lotion or cream twice, leaving a thick layer.
"Then do the same vinegar soak with the washcloth and lay it across your face for
about 15 minutes in the areas that are irritated," says Dr. Davis. "Repeat that two to
three times a day, if possible, and you'll find that this humidifying method is very
helpful."
Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is FALSE

________1"Lotions tend to be the weakest of the three with regard to moisturizing
because they have more water content and
________2. Put a teaspoon of white vinegar into a glass or small bowl of warm
water, and soak two clean washcloths
________3 Creams are like lotion, but have less water content
________4 Apply an allergen-free or hypo-allergenic lotion or cream to the skin, and

rub it in gently, making sure to get between the digits and include the wrists.
________5 Hand sanitizers are thought to be almost as effective as soap and water,
but she says soap and water are definitely preferred, especially after using the
restroom and before and after eating.
LESSON 4
LessoBenefits of Spa Treatment

1
What I Need to Know
master the competencies in Home Economics - Beauty/ Nail Care Services Grade 10.
The scope of this lesson permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used identifies the varied vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
organized to follow the standard order of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to complement with the textbook you are now using.
The content of this lesson deals with the benefits of spa treatment with the
 enumerate the cautions in performing a hand/foot spa treatment;
 explain the benefits of hand spa treatment;
 perform hand massage;
 interview persons with experience in a spa treatment; and
 value the skills gained in a spa treatment.
What I Know (Pre Test)

Hello learners! Before you will start to explore this lesson, let us determine
your stock knowledge about the nature of spa treatment. Try this test.
I. Direction. Write true if the statement is correct and false if it is incorrect.

1. Spa treatment in nail care deals with the treatment of the hands and feet only.
2. Hand Spa is only for the rich and can afford individuals.
3. By looking at your nails, a doctor may find indications that may be associated
with lung disease, skin problems, diabetes, and other medical conditions.
4. It is the responsibility of the nail technician to remind you of making your nails
look good, neat, and clean.
5. A thorough cleaning, spa, and moisturization will exfoliate ones’ skin and
maintain a vigorous glow of the hands
6. The inability to avail the spa treatment in nail care means neglecting the
health benefits of the spa.
7. Any type of spa treatment is beneficial to the well-being of an individual in
terms of health and peace of mind.
8. Hand massage is good only for people who have health problems.
9. Manicure services are not advisable if a client has already been applied to a
spa treatment.
10. A spa treatment is not advisable for persons with poor blood circulation.
What Is It
Hi! What do you mean by benefit? Benefit is something that is gained or

helpful results that promote well-being.
On the other hand, what is hand treatment? Hand treatment is a procedure

done by trained staff to remove dead cells and callous from the hands.
Read the information below to find out more about the benefits of the hand
spa treatment.
What is Paraffin Hand or Foot Spa?
It is a treatment performed by professionally trained staff. It is done to
replenish, restore, pamper tired hands, keep the nails looking healthy and strong
and rejuvenate tired hands. It is also found helpful to combat aging. This treatment is
accompanied by massage and has many beneficial effects like reduced hand pain,
less anxiety, better mood, improved sleep, greater grip strength, and an increase in
blood circulation.
Once you learned the theories and applications about hand spa, this could be
your stepping stone to augment personal income. This activity can be performed at
home.
The following cautions should be considered in mind when performing

paraffin wax hand treatment;
 It is for external use only. Never heat it up in the microwave since it is
flammable
 Never heat the paraffin wax directly in the stove or electric burner.
 Always test the temperature out before putting your feet or hands to avoid
burns due to high heat.
 Do not continue with the hand spa treatment if there are signs of infection.
 Spa treatment is not advisable for persons with poor blood circulation.
1
Heart to Heart
Directions. Write inside the first heart the benefits of hand treatment and on
the second heart, write also the cautions you need to consider
before performing the services. Refer to the rubrics given.
Benefits
Cautions
Rubrics
Dimensions Fair Good Very Good

Learners were able to Learners were able to Learners were able to
of knowledge
Accuracy
effectiveness
activity. activity.
LESSON 5
What’s More
Wait, there are more to learn learners! Hand Treatment is accompanied by a

hand massage and it is one of the best benefits that a client will gain from the
services. Below are procedures in performing a hand massage. So, read,
understand, and practice the massage strokes.
Procedure in Hand Massage
1. Place a drop of lotion on the back of the client’s hand and spread it to
the fingers and wrist.
2. Hold the client’s hand firmly and bend the hand slowly with a forward
and backward movement flexing the wrist. Repeat three times
3. Hold each finger, gently bend each finger, one at a time, to stretch the
top of the hand and finger joints.
4. Massage the palm of the hands with the pads of your thumbs, using a
circular motion in alternate directions. This provides relaxation to the
client’s hand.
5. Grip each finger at the base, and rotate it gently in large circles, ending
with a gentle squeeze of the fingertips. Repeat three times.
6. Massage the wrist, then the top of the hand with a circular motion.
Slide back and with both hands, press wrist in opposite direction three
times
7. Starting at the base of each finger, rotate, pause, and squeeze with
gentle pressure. Then, pull lightly with pressure until the tip is reached.
Repeat three times.
8. Do the same on the other hand, then complete the massage.
Hand Massage is Fun!

What I Have Learned
Expanding Opinions
Directions. Answer briefly and precisely the following questions in your activity
notebook. Refer to the rubrics given.
1. What are the benefits of a paraffin hand/foot spa? How does it affect
the wellbeing of a person?
2. What are the benefits of hand massage in a hand spa treatment?
3. Why is it important to consider the cautions when performing a hand spa
treatment?
Rubrics
Dimensions Fair Good Very Good

Learners were able to Learners were able to Learners were able to
of knowledge
Accuracy effectiveness some effectiveness considerable
effectiveness

activity. activity.
What Can I Do
There you go! You have come this far, congratulations! One last thing you
have to do is to answer the activity below and you’re almost done.
Directions. Interview one of your family members, relatives, or friends who have
experienced a hand spa treatment before. Follow the order of your
interview based on the following questions below. Document your
interview and write it in your activity notebook. Refer to the rubrics given.
1. When and where did you have a hand spa treatment activity?
2. Why do you like to have a hand spa treatment?
3. Will you describe your experience, including the process that the salon
employee performed the services?
4. Were you satisfied with the services? What benefits were you able to gain
from the experience?
5. Will you recommend it to anyone who has not experienced it, or not?
LESSON 6
Types of Spa Treatment
What I Need to Know
master the competencies in Home Economics - Beauty/Nail Care Services Grade 10.
The scope of this lesson permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
organized to follow the standard order of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to complement with the textbook you are now using.
The content of this lesson comprised of the information and engaging

activities about the types of spa with the following objectives;
• enumerate the types of a spa;
• explain each type of spa briefly; and
• value the knowledge gained in a spa treatment
What I Know
I. Directions. Match the items in column A with the correct answer in column B.
Column A Column B
____ 1. Ice Cream Spa a.includes either a clear polish or toenail buffing
____ 2. Stone Spa b. involves massaging with hot stones
____ 3. Mud Mask Spa c. application of mask made of clay on hands/feet
____ 4. “Salus per Aquae” d.application of chocolate foot soak
____ 5. Paraffin Wax Spa e.uses melted paraffin wax
____ 6. Salt and Sugar Spa f.featuring a grape seed scrub
____ 7. Spa g.health through water
____ 8. Chocolate Spa h.uses a bath ball which look like ice cream
____ 9. Champagne or Wine Spa i.a therapeutic treatment for hand and feet
____10. Athletic Spa j.uses sugar and salt to exfoliate
What’s New
Yes! You’ve read it right. The spa is a level up service for people who want a
difference in their nail care experience, not just a plain manicure and pedicure.
What do you see in the picture above? It’s one of the equipment in performing a hand
spa treatment, a hand spa machine, or paraffin heater. In your previous lesson, it is
used to remove callous and dead cells of the hands or feet with the heated and melted
paraffin wax at an appropriate temperature and then applied to the desired area.
What Is It
According to “The History of Spa’s” by Brown 2018, the word “SPA” is a short
form of Latin phrase “Salus per aquae” which means health through water. This
treatment has beneficial effects on the whole body and mind. A spa is a treatment for
hands and feet that eliminates dead skin, moisturizes skin; shapes, and treats
clients’ nails. A beautiful addition in spa manicures and pedicures is the calf and
lower arms long massage.
In this lesson, you will learn the different types of a spa in nail care.
A. Paraffin Wax Spa. This is a wonderful, rather a perfect treatment for dry, rough skin,
helping to reveal smooth skin underneath.
Procedure
1. Start with sanitizing the hands with soap and water.
Dip both hands and feet or apply the paraffin wax with paraffin brush into the melted
wax and remove. Allow the wax to cool completely and set.
2. Peel off the cold set wax.
3.Wipe the hand and feet with a warm, moist towel and then massage
hands or feet with lotion.
B. Mud mask spa. A mud mask is similar to a face mask, but applied on hands
or feet. It helps to remove the dead skin and to relax sore feet and hands. It
puts life back into tired hands and feet. It softens calluses and neglected skin.
Procedure
1. Start with an exfoliation using a scrubbing cream.
2. Always moisturize the feet after exfoliation is completed
3. Apply mask made of clay on hands/feet
4. Once it is dry, remove the mask from the hands or feet.
5. Rinse and dry it properly.
C. Salt and Sugar Spa. This spa exfoliates and moisturizes the skin and
removes dirt from hands and feet.
Procedure
1. Apply basic treatment of manicure and pedicure
2. Use salt or sugar with a moist hand to scrub the skin, instead of
using scrubbing cream.
D. Special Variants of Spa. These treatments range from a simple sea-salt

scrub, to skin peels and callus removal, masks, aromatherapy, flowers, and
fruit treatments.
1. Stone spa. This type of pedicure involves oil being massaged into
the feet and lower legs with hot stones.
2. Peaches and Cream Spa. You could use a peach-scented candle

or diffuser in the pedicure area. Milk or any cream will help exfoliate
the skin and sliced peaches in the bath will make the client feel very
relaxed.
3. Flower Petal Float Spa. Soak the hands and feet in a basin filled
with rose petals, valued for their moisturizing and mood-elevating
benefits. The client relaxes as the petals are bathed over the
hands/feet with lotion, massaged into the muscles for a fragrant
sensation.
4. Champagne or Wine Spa. This is a regular pedicure usually

featuring a grapeseed scrub, grape mask peel, and finished off with
grapeseed oil or moisturizing massage.
5. Athletic Spa. This spa is quite similar to a regular pedicure for either
gender. It contains either a clear polish or toenail buffing. Usually,
the fragrant used will be more freshening, such as peppermint,
cucumber, or eucalyptus.
6. Chocolate Spa. A spa that may include a chocolate foot soak,

chocolate foot Mask, or chocolate moisturizing lotion.
7. Margarita Spa. It is a normal spa that includes a salt scrub and

soaking water with fresh limes. It may also include lime-based
massage oil and moisturizer.
8. Ice Cream Spa. A spa where a “bath ball”, which looks like a scoop
of ice cream, is chosen. The soak is followed by a foot scrub topped
with whipped moisturizing lotion. Red nail polish simulates the ice
cream’s cherry.
Column A
____ 1. Ice Cream Spa
____ 2. Stone Spa

____ 3. Mud Mask Spa
____ 4. “Salus per Aquae”

____ 5. Paraffin Wax Spa
____ 6. Salt and Sugar Spa
____ 7. Spa
____ 8. Chocolate Spa
____ 9. Champagne or Wine Spa
____10. Athletic Spa

Column B
a. includes either a clear polish or toenail
buffing
b. involves massaging with hot stones
c. application of mask made of clay on
hands / feet
Additional Activity
Directions. Find five friends or classmates. Then, analyze and identify their nail
shapes. Fill up the table below for your reference. Draw each of
their nail shapes.
Name of Friends / Type of Nail Shape Drawing of the Nail

Classmates Shape
Rubrics

of knowledge
Accuracy
effectiveness
activity. activity.
Lesson Nail Diseases and Disorders

2
What I Need to Know
master the competencies in Home Economics – Beauty/Nail Care Services. The
scope of this lesson permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to match with the textbook you are now using.
The content of this lesson covers the nail diseases and disorders with the
 identify nail diseases and disorders;
 describe nail diseases and disorders;
 check and analyze condition of client’s hands and nails; and
 appreciate the importance of having healthy hands and nails.
What I Know
I. Direction. Match Column A with the correct answer in column B.

Column A Column B
a. Blue nails
a vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate layers at the
b. Brittle nails
distal (free) edge of the nail plate c. Claw nails
extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually it is caused d. Eggshell nails
by varying degree of hyperkeratosis e. Hangnails
a condition nail plate which splits from the nail bed f. Onychauxis or
nail condition in which the cuticle separates around the nail hypertrophy
chronic soreness of the nail fold and nail bed (matrix) g. Onychia
h. Onychocryptosis
is referred to ingrown nails which affect the fingers and
i. Onychomycosis
toenails j. Onychophagy or
infectious disease caused by a vegetable parasite bitten nail
abnormality of nail plate caused by biting nails k. Pterygium
an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks to the surfaces of nail l. Ridges
plate
10. is caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually
II. Direction.
resultingEnumerate
from illness.five of the nail disorders and another five the nail diseases.
Nail Disorders
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
Nail Diseases
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
What’s In
Good Day! How was your nail shape experience? Were you able to achieve
the shape you want for your nail? If yes, then you are ready to apply it to other
people like your classmates, friends, or family. Keep on practicing and surely you will
be an expert in it.
What’s New
Have you experienced a damaged nail due to crush injuries like accidents or
sometimes even in the sports where it gets hurt by a ball or a weight? Well. That too
much pain to bear, right? Then, you’ll notice that your nail suffers deformities or
unpleasant injuries.
On the contrary, another unfortunate case may occur in your nails like
infections and deformities due to diseases or unknown disorders.
An activity on the next page is prepared for you to share your experience.
Directions. Tell your own story of your experience of your damaged nail, the
cause of that accident or infection, how it affects you, and the duration of
healing until it was replaced with a healthy nail plate. Then, citing the
importance of having a healthy nail. If you lack any experience, then ask
your family member about it. A minimum of one paragraph will do. Refer
to the rubrics given.
Nail Story
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.
Rubrics
,,

of knowledge
Accuracy
effectiveness
activity. activity.
What Is It
Today you will learn the nail diseases and disorder cases, its types with
images. Read the information below for your deeper understanding.
Nail Diseases and Disorders
Nail diseases are conditions of the nails which lead to bacterial, fungal, and
viral infections. They are more serious and if not treated, can result in severe
Nail disorders, on the other hand, are conditions of the nail that can be
treated. They can be caused by internal and external factors and most people will
experience one of these conditions at some point. Many disorders can affect the
nails. These disorders can affect any part of the nail unit and can impact the
appearance of the nail plate itself.
Given below are the lists of the few important nail diseases and disorders and
their characteristics.
Nail Diseases Characteristics
It is an infectious disease caused by a
1. Onychomycosis vegetable parasite. The onset of the
disease takes about two to three months
and the attack is rarely on more than one
or two nails. The appearance of the nail is
frayed (worn out), brittle with the furrowed
surface, opaque, grayish, or yellowish in
color and is lifted-up by an accumulation
of epidermis underneath.
is a term applicable to chronic
2. Onychia inflammation of the nail fold and nail bed
(matrix).It results from the introduction of
the microscopic pathogen through small
wounds.
3. Onychocryptosis It is referred to as ingrown nails that

affect the fingers and toenails. It is
marked by nail growth into surrounding
tissues and may cause infection.
Incorrect trimming a shaping of nails are
often responsible for ingrown nails.
It is the periodic shedding of one or
4. Onychoptosis more nails, either in the whole or in part.
This condition may be a symptom of a
more alarm disease such as syphilis or
can result from fever, trauma systematic
upset or adverse reaction to the drug.
It refers to the detachment of the nail

5. Onycholysis
from the nail bed, starting at its distal
and/or lateral attachment. The most
common cause of onycholysis is
psoriasis.
6. Onychogryphosis It pertains to the extreme thickening

or claw nails curvature of the nails, usually, it is caused
by varying degrees of hyperkeratosis (a
skin disease in which the skin gets
thicker) on the distal portion of the nail
bed that detaches and lifts the plate off
the bed.
1. Blue nails It is bluish in color, may be attributed to

poor blood circulation or heart disorder.
2. Brittle nails It is a vertical splitting or separation of

the nail plate layers at the distal (free)
edge of the nail plate. Overexposure to
detergent soap and other chemical
solvents
3. Bruised nails It shows dark purplish (almost black or

brown) spots in the nail. This is usually
due to injury and bleeding of the nail bed.
As the nail grows, dried blood in the nail
bed will also go out.
4. Eggshell nails The nail plate separates from the nail-

bed and curves at the free edge. It may be
caused by the chronic illness of systemic
or nervous origin.
5. Furrows These are long ridges that run either

lengthwise or across the nail. Some
lengthwise ridges are normal in adults.
These ridges increase with age and can
also be caused by psoriasis, poor
circulation, and frostbite. Ridges that run
across the nail are caused by high fevers,
pregnancy & measles.
6. Hangnails It is a condition in which the cuticle splits

around the nail. Carelessness in removing
the cuticle, dryness, cutting off too much
may result in hangnails. It
may cause infection if not treated.
7. Leconychia or A white spot appears frequently in the

white spot nails. They may be caused by injury to the
base of the nail. As the nail continues to
grow, these white spots eventually
disappear
8. Pterygium It is an overgrowth of the cuticle which

sticks to the surfaces of the nail plate.
Carefully remove the adhering growth by
means of a cuticle nipper.
9. Onychatrophia It is described as wasting away of the

nail. The nail loses its luster, shrinks and
falls This can be caused by injury to the
nail matrix or by internal disease.
10. Onychauxis It is an overgrowth of the nail usually in

or hypertrophy thickness rather than length. It is caused
by an internal imbalance, such as local
infection or heredity.
11. Onychophagy It is a deformity of a nail plate caused

or bitten nail by biting nails. It is an acquired nervous
habit which prompts the individual to chew
the nail or the hardened cuticle.
12.Onychorrhexis It refers to a split or brittle nails caused

or split or brittle by an injury to the finger, careless filing of
nails the nails, excessive use of cuticle solvents
and nail polish removers. The nails may
be extremely dry because of some
granular disorder.
13. Ridges It is caused by the uneven growth of the

nails, usually resulting from illness. Buffing
the nails with paste polish will help remove
ridges.
14.Treating cuts
It is caused by an accident during
manicure service. Apply an antiseptic
immediately. Do not apply nail polish on
the affected area
Learners! Are you amazed with the different nail diseases and disorders?
Yes, there are lots of them. Some may have difficult names but one thing for sure, no
one would like to have them. So, take good care of your hands and nails to avoid
unpleasant nails.
Try the activity on the next page to test your understanding.

Directions. Identify what kind of nail disease or disorder the nail condition is of
the picture below. Then, opposite to the nail disease or disorder,
cite your own opinion on whether each condition can be allowed to
have a nail care treatment or not. Write your reasons briefly.
1. - ______________ - ______________________________
2. - ______________ - ______________________________
3. - ______________ - ______________________________
4. - ______________ - ______________________________
5. - ______________ - _____________________________
What’s More
Hi there! How far have you gone thinking? To suffice your understanding,
kindly read the short information below and answer the activity prepared to sharpen
your decision making.
As a future nail technician, you must be able to identify any condition on a

client’s nails that should not be treated and cannot be treated in the salon. You must
be able to identify infectious conditions that may pose danger for contamination, in
order for you to take the appropriate steps to protect yourself and your clients from
the spread of disease or infections.
You should know, a normal, healthy nail is strong but flexible. The surface is
smooth, shiny, and unstained with no curvy ridges or splits. A healthy nail also is
whitish and glowing in appearance, with the pinkish color of the nail bed.
Taking care of one’s nail is essential. Experts say that more infections are
spread through the nails and hands than any other area of the body. Nails are one of
the important parts of our body, which serve as an effective indicator of a person’s
health. If ever, you will detect an abnormal appearance of the nails, especially nail
infections, then never perform the nail services and refer the client to a physician.
Disorders or Diseases
Directions. Identify the kind of nail disorders or nail diseases being referred to
by each word below. Answer DISORDER for nail disorders and
DISEASE for nail diseases.
_____________ 1. Bruised nails _____________ 8. Onychia

_____________ 2. Onycholysis _____________ 9. Onychorrhexis
_____________ 3. Onychogryphosis _____________ 11. Furrows
_____________ 4. Ridges _____________ 12. Onychoptosis
_____________ 5. Onychauxis _____________ 13. Treating cuts
_____________ 6. Blue nails _____________ 14. Onychocryptosis
_____________ 7. Bruised nails _____________ 15. Onychophagy
_____________10. Leconychia
What I Have Learned

Expanding Thoughts
Directions. Answer briefly and precisely the following questions in your

activity notebook. Refer to the rubrics given.
1. As a future nail technician, why do you have to learn the nail diseases and
disorders?
2. What will you do if a client has nail infections?
3. Why is there a need to determine the health status of the client before the
service?
4. How will you deal with clients having a condition of nail disease and
disorder?
5. What do you think will happen if a client is allowed to avail the hand
treatment activity despite his/her nail infection?
Rubrics


convey limited ideas convey a few ideas on convey several ideas on
Knowledge
on the topic with little the topic with some the topic with a good
and
knowledge degree of knowledge degree
understanding
of knowledge
effectiveness

no effort into this effort into this activity. effort into this
Effort
activity. activity.
What I Can Do
Finally, you have one last activity for this lesson. For you to
appreciate the importance of taking care of your hands and nails.
Kindly, answer the next activity.
Slogan Making
Directions. Make a slogan in a short bond paper about the importance of one’s
nails.
You can use any dialect you want as long as there is originality in your
work. You can use art on it if you want. Then, submit or show your
output to your teacher. Refer to the rubrics given.
Rubrics


convey limited ideas convey a few ideas on convey several ideas
Knowledge
on the topic with little the topic with some on the topic with a
and
knowledge degree of knowledge good degree
understanding
of knowledge

effectiveness
no effort into this into this activity. effort into this
Effort
activity. activity.
Assessment (Post Test)
Good Job, learners! You have completed all the activities for this lesson. Now,
you are ready to evaluate your learning through this assessment.
I. Directions. Match the statement in column A with the correct answer in

column B. Write the answer in your activity notebook.
Column A Column B
a vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate layers at

a. Blue nails
the distal (free) edge of the nail plate
extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually it is b. Brittle nails
caused by varying degree of hyperkeratosis c. Claw nails
a condition nail plate which splits from the nail bed d. Eggshell nails
nail condition in which the cuticle separates around the e. Hangnails
nail f. Onychauxis or
chronic soreness of the nail fold and nail bed (matrix) hypertrophy
is referred to ingrown nails which affect the fingers and
g. Onychia
toenails
infectious disease caused by a vegetable parasite h. Onychocryptosis
abnormality of nail plate caused by biting nails i. Onychomycosis
an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks to the surfaces of j. Onychophagy or
nail plate bitten nail
10. is caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually k. Pterygium
resulting from illness. l. Ridges
II. Directions. Enumerate five of the nail disorders and another five the nail
diseases. Describe each in one sentence only.
Nail Disorders
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
Nail Diseases
1. ___________ - __________________________________________
2. ___________ - __________________________________________
3. ___________ - __________________________________________
4. ___________ - __________________________________________
5. ___________ - __________________________________________
Additional Activity
Directions. Look at the nails of at least 4 members in your family. Check, analyze,
and identify the presence of a nail disorder or a nail disease. Fill in the table below
for your reference. Refer to the rubric given.
Type of Nail Diseases Drawing of the Nail Description of the Nail

or Disorders Shapes Diseases or Disorders
Person A
Person B
Person C
Person D
Rubrics
of knowledge
Accuracy
effectiveness
activity. activity.
Summary
1. Nails are one of those key parts of our body which serve as a potential
indicator of a person’s health.
2. A nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The
main purpose of the nail is to protect the fingers and toes, however, the
fingernail also assists with certain physical activities in daily life.
3. The basic structure of the nail is composed of lunula, free edge, matrix, nail
bed, nail walls, and nail plate.
4. The basic nail shapes are stiletto/pointed, squoval, round, square, and oval
nail shapes.
5. Nail disorders are conditions of the nail that can be treated. They can be
caused by internal and external factors.
6. The types of nail disorders are blue nails, brittle nails, bruised nails, eggshell
nails, furrows, hangnails, leconychia or white spot, pterygium, onychatrophia,
onychauxis or hypertrophy, onychophagy or bitten nail, onychorrhexis or split
or brittle nails, ridges and treating cuts.
7. Nail diseases are conditions of the nails that lead to bacterial, fungal and viral
infections. They are more serious and if not treated, can result in severe
8. The types of nail diseases are onychomycosis, onychia, onychocryptosis,

onychoptosis, onycholysis and onychogryphosis, or claw nails.
9. A normal, healthy nail is strong but flexible. The surface is smooth, shiny, and
unstained with no curvy ridges or splits. A healthy nail also is whitish and
glowing in appearance, with the pinkish color of the nail bed.
Key to Answer
Key to Answer
What is It LESSON 2
Blue Nail – caused by poor blood circulation or What I Know
heart disorder I.
Onychocryptosis- ingrown / nail growth into 1. b6. h
surrounding tissues and may cause infection 2. c7. i
Treaty cuts - caused by an accident during 3. d8. j
manicure service 4. e9. k
Leconychia or white 5. g10. L
Spot - caused by injury to the base of the nail
Ridges - caused by uneven growth of the nails II.
lunula – pearly colored / crescent shape
What’s More Cuticle – transparent skin to be removed during nail
care
1. DISORDER free edge – part of the nail that can be shaped
2. DISEASE matrix – the only living , reproducing part of the nail
3. DISEASE nail bed – part of the nail where the nail plate rests
4. DISEASE on
5. DISORDER skin that overlaps the sides of the nail
6. DISORDER nail plate – visible nail that rests on the nail bed
7. DISORDER
8. DISEASE What’s New
9. DISORDER 1. Hand Treatment
10. DISORDER 2. Finger Nail
11. DISORDER 3. Nail Technician
12. DISEASE
13. DISORDER
14. DISEASE .
15. DISORDER
What I Can Do What’s More LESSON 1
Answers may vary depending
Refer to rubrics given on the learners’ responses. What I Know
Nails provide protection of the
Assessment fingers while the hands acts as I. A.1A.2.
tolls of the body 1. free edge 1. pointed
I. A.1A.2. 2. nail plate 2. squoval
1. free edge1. pointed Refer to rubrics given 3. cuticle 3. round
2. nail plate2. squoval 4. lunula 4. square
3. cuticle3. round What I Have Learned 5. matrix 5. Oval
,,
4. lunula4. square A. II. Refer to rubrics given
5. matrix5. oval 1. shaped, nail plate
2. nail walls, nail plate Answers may Vary
II. Refer to rubrics given 3. rests, blood vessels
Answers may vary 4. matrix, cuticle What is It
5. nail plate, dead cells
B. Healthy nails is an indicator of
1. nails good health. It also provides
2. round confidence and pride.
3. squoval Determining the clients’ nail
4. stiletto/pointed structure will provide the nail
5. oval technician an analysis of
potential threat to health if there
is a presence of infection. On the
other hand, it will give an idea to
the nail technician in handling the
clients hands.
Lesson 2 (continuation) What I Have Learned Continuation
What I Have Learned
II.
1. Nail diseases & disorders are important to 1. lunula – pearly colored / crescent shape
learn to avoid mistakes in providing nail care 2. Cuticle – transparent skin to be removed
services. during nail care
2. Inform clients in a nice way to consult his/her 3. free edge – part of the nail that can be shaped
physician for a treatment before continuing the 4. matrix – the only living , reproducing part of
service. the nail
3. Checking the health status of the client will 5. nail bed – part of the nail where the nail plate
protect the client and the nail technician in rests on
making mistakes during services that will 6. skin that overlaps the sides of the nail
cause health problems. 7. nail plate – visible nail that rests on the nail
4. Clients with nail disorders and nail diseases bed
should not be allowed to have the hand
treatment. Additional Activity
5. There is a spread if infection and sometimes
serious threat to the health of the client s. Answers may vary depending on the learners’
responses
What Can I Do Refer to the rubrics given
Answers may vary depending on the learners’

responses
Refer to the rubrics given
Assessment
I.
1. b 6. h
2. c 7. i
3. d 8. j
4. e 9. k
5. g 10. L
References
Department of Education, K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and
Livelihood Education Learning Module. “Nail Diseases and Disorders”, 2013.
Gillespie, Claire. “The Benefits of Paraffin Wax and How to Use It at Home”,
Healthline, 2018. https://www.healthline.com/health/paraffin-wax.
Senior High School/ Beauty Care, Nail Care.” Paraffin Wax Treatment for Hands”,
2017, http://shsbeatycarenailcarelessons.blogspot.com/2017/11/ steps-in-hand-spa-
treatment.html.
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon

Office Address: Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malaybalay City
Telefax: (088) 813 - 3634
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph
Website: depedbukidnon.net.ph

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TECHNOLOGY AND

MARY GRACE C.CANO

What I Need to Know

What I Know (Pre Test)

a. __________ b. _________ c. __________ d. _________ e. _________

Hello learners! Beauty Care is everywhere, isn’t it?

As a beauty care student or a future nail technician someday, why do you

Basic Information about Nail

1. Lunula - the pearly colored and crescent-shaped is

The shape of nail conforms to that of fingertips of an individual.

Stilleto/pointed Squoval Round Square Oval/Almond

Your Opinion Matters

Photo credit by Lucille N. Quiriado

Students were able to Students were able to Students were able to

What I Have Learned

For the next activity, you will need the following;

Do it Yourself! Nail Shape.

A. Direction. A.1. Label the different parts of nail.

A.2. Identify the different shapes of nail.

a. __________ b. _________ c. __________ d. _________ e. _________

Name of Friends / Type of Nail Shape Drawing of the Nail

Content Fair Good Very Good

What I Need to Know

I. Direction. Match Column A with the correct answer in column B.

Content Fair Good Very Good

3. Onychocryptosis It is referred to as ingrown nails that

It refers to the detachment of the nail

6. Onychogryphosis It pertains to the extreme thickening

1. Blue nails It is bluish in color, may be attributed to

2. Brittle nails It is a vertical splitting or separation of

3. Bruised nails It shows dark purplish (almost black or

4. Eggshell nails The nail plate separates from the nail-

5. Furrows These are long ridges that run either

6. Hangnails It is a condition in which the cuticle splits

7. Leconychia or A white spot appears frequently in the

8. Pterygium It is an overgrowth of the cuticle which

9. Onychatrophia It is described as wasting away of the

10. Onychauxis It is an overgrowth of the nail usually in

11. Onychophagy It is a deformity of a nail plate caused

12.Onychorrhexis It refers to a split or brittle nails caused

13. Ridges It is caused by the uneven growth of the

Try the activity on the next page to test your understanding.

As a future nail technician, you must be able to identify any condition on a

_____________ 1. Bruised nails _____________ 8. Onychia

Taking care of your skin with

WHEN WASHING YOUR HANDS

APPLYING LOTIONS, CREAMS, OINTMENTS

Apply an allergen-free or hypo-allergenic lotion or cream to the skin, and rub it in

Cover those layers with an ointment, like petroleum jelly.

THE 'SKIN BURRITO'

 Before bed, wash your hands and pat them dry.

SKIN IRRITATION FROM WEARING FACE MASKS

Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is FALSE

________4 Apply an allergen-free or hypo-allergenic lotion or cream to the skin, and

LessoBenefits of Spa Treatment

What I Need to Know

What I Know (Pre Test)

I. Direction. Write true if the statement is correct and false if it is incorrect.

Hi! What do you mean by benefit? Benefit is something that is gained or

On the other hand, what is hand treatment? Hand treatment is a procedure

The following cautions should be considered in mind when performing

Dimensions Fair Good Very Good

Wait, there are more to learn learners! Hand Treatment is accompanied by a

a. ______ b. _ c. __ d. _ e. _____

a. ______ b. _ c. __ d. _ e. _____

_ 1. Bruised nails _ 8. Onychia

_ 1. Bruised nails _ 8. Onychia