9

9
ARTS
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Distinct Characteristics of Arts
(Sculptures) from Western
Classical Art Traditions
Arts – Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Distinct Characteristics of Arts (Sculptures) from Western
Classical Art Traditions

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Romulo V. Almelor II

Editors: Maribel C. Vargas

Alfie Gascon
Cloyd M. Lagyap
Reviewers:Cynthia T. Monatňez

Illustrator:RudilyBarce

Layout Artist:
Introductory Message

Welcome to the Arts 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Distinct

Characteristics of Arts (Sculptures) from Western Classical Art Traditions
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the

skills or competencies you are
expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that

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you get all the answers.

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the topic. You may check the
 answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the
module.

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learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts

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References
developing this module.

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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

BEGIN

Sculpture isthe art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or

abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster.
Sculpture is created through three basic processes: carving, modeling, or assembly.
Generally, materials such as a block of wood, stone, and other hard materials are
used.

Like painting, Western sculpture has tended to be

humanistic and naturalistic, concentrating upon the
human figure and human action studied from nature.

Do you want to know the distinct characteristics

of sculptures from Western classical art traditions?
Read on and perform the activities prepared for you in
this module.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

• Identifies distinct characteristics of arts (sculptures)

YOUR
during the different art periods. (A9EL-Ia-2)
TARGETS
• identifies sculpturesfrom different art periods.
 WHAT I KNOW
GUESS WHAT?

TRY THIS!

Directions: On each of the blanks write whether the artwork from the different
era/period is a Painting or Sculpture.

1. __________2. __________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5. __________

Hi! How did you find the test?

Please check your answers at the answer key

section and see how you did. Don’t worry if you got a
low score, this just means that there are more things
that you can learn, from this module. So, hop on!
 WHAT’S IN
FILL IT UP!
DO THIS!

Directions: On the box are the names of sculpture. Fill up the table by categorizing
and writing the names of sculpture into different era/period they belong.

NAME OF SCULPTURE
Venus of BrassempouyThe Barberini Diptych
Myron, The DiscobolusQueen Nefertiti
Venus of WillendorfResurrection of the Virgin
Last JudgementThe Portonacio Sarcophagus
The Pharoah Menkaure and his QueenSarcopagus from Cervetiri

ANCIENT ERA/PERIOD CLASSICAL MEDIEVAL ERAPERIOD

ERA/PERIOD

Good job in finishing the activity! Please check

your answers at the answer key section.
Please take time to process the information you
acquired by accomplishing the next task.
Now, it’s your time to explore!
 WHAT’S NEW
PAIR IT UP!
EXPLORE

Directions: Match Column A with thatin Column B. In Column A are pictures of

the sculpture, while in Column B are the Name of each sculpture. On each of the
blanks write the letter of the correct answer.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_____1.
A. Resurrectionof the Virgin

B. The Barberini Diptych

C. Myron, The Discobolus

D. Queen Nefertiti
_____2.
E. The Portonacio Sarcophagus

Guide Questions:

_____3. 1. Are you familiar with those pictures?

Why do you think you are familiar with
them?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_____4. ___________________________________
___________________________________
 2. What was your basis on matching up the
_____5. name of the sculpture to the picture?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________

.
Please check your answers at the answer key
section and if you got all the correct answer then you
are on the right track!

The pictures you have identified in the activity are

called sculptures. The lesson will teach you what are
the distinct characteristics of sculptures from the
Western classical art traditions, and how they are
represented in the diffent era/period.

You may now proceed to the readings. You will

need the data in the next activities.

WHAT IS IT

KEEP THIS IN MIND

PRE – HISTORIC SCULPTURES

Materials use in sculptures varies according to region and locality. Archaeologists

believed that their sculpture is a result of natural erosion and not of human artistry.

Frequently carving may have mythological or religious significance.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

• The sculpture was portable and small.
• Images of humans, particularly the women, have enlarged sexual organs and
small feet and arms.
 • Carving on cave walls use the natural modulation in the wall surface to enhance
the image.

Sample Artwork:

Venus of Willendorf
28, 000 B.C.E. –25, 000 B.C.E.

➢ Upper Paleolithic female figurine found in 1908 at

Willendorf, Austria.
➢ It is carved from limestone with excessively heavy
breasts and abdomen as used as charm to ensure
fertility.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf

EGYPTIAN SCULPTURES
Symbolic Elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location materials,
color, actions, and gestures were widely used. Their tombs required the most
extensive use of sculpture.

The most materials used for sculptures are wood, ivory, and stones.
Characteristics of the sculptures:
• Symbolisms were heavily used to represent the gods. They were represented
as composite creature with animal heads on human bodies.
• Relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines to record an event or to
represent an action.
• Most of the time the gods were shown larger their followers, the dead larger
than the living.
• Empty spaces were filled with figures or hieroglyphics.
• All individual components were all brought to the plane of representation and
laid out like writing.

Sample Artwork:

Queen Nefertiti
Dynasty, 1375 – 1357 BC
18th
➢ Realistic with heavy lided eyes, slender neck,
determined chin, and pure profile under her heavy
crown.
➢ The bust is a painted stucco-coated limestone.
➢ Queen Nefertiti, refers to the Great Royal Wife of
Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenate.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti
GREEK SCULPTURES

Early Greek sculptures were tensed and stiff;their bodies were hidden within enfolding
robes. After three centuries of experiments, Greek sculptures had finally evolved and
showed all the points of human anatomy and proportion.

One of the most popular styles of the Greek sculptures was the Hellenistic style.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

• Hellenistic denotes a preference in sculpture for more elaborated patterns,
mannered, arrangement of figures and groups, and an emphasis on the
representation of movement for dramatic effects.
• Human being as the depiction of physical beauty and spiritual equilibrium.
• Sculpture was composed almost entirely of marble or bronze.
• Human beauty was the “canon”, and naked human body is the main subject.
• Greeks build life-size statuesprimarily male, nude, well-muscled, anonymous,
and blank-faced.

Sample Artwork:

Myron, TheDiscobolus
450 BC

➢ Shows an attitude of maximum tension, full of

compressed energy, and about to explode an action.
➢ Originally sculpted in bronzefiguring a youthful ancient
Greek athlete throwing a discus.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discobolus

ROMAN SCULPTURES

In addition to mythological works, the Romans produced a great volume of civic

sculpture celebrating statesmen and their achievements.

The Roman bust sculpture or portraiture is the most dominant genre.

Characteristics of the sculptures:
• Sculpture is an evolution from naturalism to realism (showing the wrinkles, the
bulges, and ageing) which aim at glorifying authorities.
• The monumental altars, commemorative columns and triumphal arches were
excellent surfaces for decorative reliefs of the typical narrative style.
• Romans worked stone, precious metals, glass and terracotta but favored
bronze and marble above all else for their finest work.

Sample Artwork:

The PortonacioSarchophagus
Between 180 – 190 BCE

➢ It is a box-like funeral receptacle for a

dead body.
➢ It depicts the battle scenes between
Romans and Germans.
➢ Carved in marble.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portonaccio_sarcophagus

BYZANTINE SCULPTURES

The Byzantine sculpture in the early days is more an extensions of the Hellenistic art,
were portraits of great impacting aesthetics drama were produced. Sculpture relief
was used to adorn magnificent palaces and Churches. It is the richest expression of
Christian dogma.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

• Sculpture was often done in ivory or precious metals.
• Used the triptych frequently, a three-paneled sculpture or painting.
• Known for its mosaics, a decoration using pieces of stone, marble or colored
glass that are cemented to wall or floor into a picture.
• The dominant features are religious, everyday life scenes, and motifs from
nature.
• Animal were used as symbols (dove, deer, peafowl) while some had
ACROSTIC signs that contained a great theological significance.
Sample Artwork:

The Barberini Diptych

450 BC

➢ An early example of Ivory work.

➢ The only near-complete leaf of an imperial
diptych, representing the emperor as triumphant
victor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barberini_ivory

ROMANESQUE SCULPTURES

Some of famous sculptural pieces are reliquaries, altar frontals, crucifixes, and the
devotional images.

Small individual works of art were generally made of costly materials for royal and
aristocratic patrons. These lightweight devotional images were usually carried during
processions both inside and outside the churches.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

• They were not realistic; unrealistic human figures.
• Human figures may be elongated or squat and dumpy.
• They were painted in bright colors to attract the attention of the people.
• The sculptures were adapted to fit into space available in capitals and cloisters.
• Subject matter overwhelmingly religious.
Sample Artwork:

The Last Judgement

1130 CE

➢ It is above the main portal to the

Cathedral of Saint-Lazare in Autun,
France.
➢ The carving in stone was created in the
mid-12th centuryby the French sculptor
Gislebertus.
➢ Christ is the center and largest figure by
far further illustrating the artists wish to
show His power and glory.
https://www.christiancentury.org/article/art/last-judgment-gislebertus-ca-1130
GOTHIC SCULPTURES

Gothic sculptures have a greater freedom of style. They no longer lay closely against
the wall, but begun to project outward. Figures were given their own particular
attitudes instead of being set into particular patterns and are more lively and realistic.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

• Sepulchres areone of the new locationsfor sculpture wherein a death person
depicted on the bed, laying or praying.
• Approximation to physical beauty from spiritual dimension of their iconography.
• Characters’ gestures and attitudes are human, and it represents emotions and
natural features.
• It is inspired in the nature with sensitive forms that can be easily understood.
• Gothic church has one compartment, pointed arches, and large windows.

Sample Artwork:

Resurrection of the Virgin

End of the 12th century

➢ A group of angels attend the

resurrection of the Virgin, supporting
her on her emergence from the tomb,
that her soul was received by Christ
upon her death.
➢ Though sadly broken in parts, and
yet fairly complete as a whole.
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Development_and_Character_of_Gothic_Architecture/Chapter_7

Do you now understand what distinct

characteristics are, and how it represented in each
era/period? Do you think you can use the data to identify
the distinct characteristics of an artwork from each
era/period?

Let us find out in the succeeding activity.

 WHAT’S MORE
FILL IT UP!
ENRICHMENT

Directions: Complete the needed information below using the following indicators.

PICTURE OF THE INDICATORS

ARTWORK
1.
Name of Sculpture:_________________________________
Era/Period: _______________________________________
Materials Used:____________________________________
Distinctive Characteristic:____________________________
________________________________________________

2.
Name of Sculpture:_________________________________
Era/Period: _______________________________________
Materials Used:____________________________________
Distinctive Characteristic:____________________________
________________________________________________

3.
Name of Sculpture:_________________________________
Era/Period: _______________________________________
Materials Used:____________________________________
Distinctive Characteristic:____________________________
________________________________________________

4.
Name of Sculpture:_________________________________
Era/Period: _______________________________________
Materials Used:____________________________________
Distinctive Characteristic:____________________________
________________________________________________
 5.
Name of Sculpture:_________________________________
Era/Period: _______________________________________
Materials Used:____________________________________
Distinctive Characteristic:____________________________
________________________________________________

Great Job! You have finished the first part of this

module. Please check your answers by referring to the
answer key.
If you scored lower than 10, please go over the earlier
part of this module and take on activities once again. If you
scored 10 or above, please proceed with the succeeding
activity
This time, before you proceed with the succeeding
activity, please share to the class your insights by answering
the questions.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

REFLECT

Directions:Write your insights by answering the question.

1. What are the characteristics of sculptures that you choose to

consider from various periods?
a. Ancient Period: __________________________________
_________________________________________________
b. Classical Period: _________________________________
_________________________________________________
c. Medieval Period: _________________________________
_________________________________________________
 Pre-historic sculptures have very rich
characteristics, and became the key in understanding
how the people in early age lived their lives.

Try to relate some famous sculptures of the early

age to some ancient Philippine sculptures and reflect how
they have in common or how they can be associated with
each other.

WHAT I CAN DO
APPLY WHAT YOU
COMPARE IT!
HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Complete the needed information below.

A.
Egyptian Sculpture Ancient Philippine Sculpture

Manunggul Jar
Tutankhamen’s Inner Coffin 890–710 B.C.
18th Dynasty, c. 1323 B.C.E.
➢ A secondary burial jar excavated from
➢ It is inside a box-like stone container a Neolithic burial site in the Manunggul
to hold the body of the king. cave of the Tabon Caves at Lipuun
➢ Gold with inlay of enamel and Point in Palawan.
semiprecious stones.
Distinct Characteristics:
B.
Pre-Historic Sculpture Ancient Philippine Sculpture

Venus of Willendorf Bul-ol

28, 000 B.C.E. –25, 000 B.C.E 15th Century

➢ Limestone height 4 ¾ “(11cm). ➢ A carved wooden figure used to guard

the rice crop by the Ifugao peoples of
northern Luzon.
Distinct Characteristics:

Guide Questions:

1. If you are a sculptor, what subject would you want to create? Why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. What distinct characteristics of that sculptural design that will be visible in your own
creation?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Congratulations on finishing the

supplementary learning module! You have just had
an amazing learning journey and for sure, you will
have same in the succeeding module.
To evaluate what you have learned in this
module, do the assessment. Good Luck!
 ASSESSMENT
CHOOSE ME!
EVALUATION

Directions:Identify what is asked or described in each item then write the letter of
the correct answer.

1. It is a fragmentary ivory figurine from upper Paleolithic era that realistically

represents the human face and hairstyle.

A. Venus of Willendorf
B. Queen Nefertiti
C. Venus of Brassempouy
D.Myron;TheDiscobulus

2. This sculpture was carved in marble that depicts battle scenes between Romans
and Germans.

A. The Barberini Diptych

B. Resurrection of the Virgin
C. Sarcophagus from Cervetiri
D. The Portonacio Sarcophagus

3. Sepulchres are one of the new locations for Gothic sculpture wherein a death person
depicted on the bed, laying or praying. Which of the options is an example of
Gothic sculpture?

A. Last judgement
B. Resurrection of the Virgin
C. The Barberini Diptych
D. The Pharoah Menkaure and his Queen

4. What best describe the Byzantine sculpture, “The Barberini Diptych”?

A. It is a box-like funeral receptacle for a dead body.

B. Originally sculpted in bronze figuring a youthful ancient Greek athlete
throwing a discus.
C. An example of portraits presented in rigid postures .
D. An early example of Ivory works, and it represents the emperor as triumphant
victor.
5. One of the famous artwork from the Romanesque Era is the “Last
Judgement".What characteristics best describe the artwork?

A. Christ is the center and largest figure by far further illustrating the artists wish
to show His power and glory.
B. It is sculpted entirely in bronze figuring a youthful ancient Greek athlete
throwing a discus.
C. Realistic with heavy lided eyes, sender neck, determined chin and pure
profile under her heavy crown.
D. It is a fragmentary ivory figurine from upper Paleolithic era that realistically
represents the human face and hairstyle.

Hi! How did you find the test?

Please check your answers at the answer key

section.

To strengthen what you have learned in this

module,perform the following additional tasks.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

REINFORCEMENT

Directions:Identify the artwork that has the characteristic described in the given
statements. On each of the blanks write the letter of the correct answer. Choose
youranswer from the rectangular box.

A. “Myron;TheDiscobulus“
B. “Queen Nefertiti”
C. “The Pharoah Menkaure and his Queen”
D. “Sarcophagus from Cervetiri”
E. “Venus of Willendorf”

_____ 1.It is made of terracotta wherein a husband and wife are shown reclining
comfortably as if they were on a couch.
_____ 2.It is carved from limestone with excessively heavy breasts and abdomen as
used as charm to ensure fertility.
_____ 3.It is originally sculpted in bronze figuring a youthful ancient Greek athlete
throwing a discus.
_____ 4.It is an example of a stone portrait presented in rigid postures, and was simple
and powerful with very little show of the private emotion.
_____ 5.This painted limestone bust refers to the Great Royal wife of the Egyptian
Pharaoh with heavy lided eyes, and profile under her heavy crown.

ANSWER KEY

WHAT I KNOW

1. Sculpture
2. Painting
3. Sculpture
4. Painting
5. Sculpture

WHAT’S IN

ANCIENT ERA/PERIOD CLASSICAL ERA/PERIOD MEDIEVAL

ERAPERIOD
➢ Venus of Brassempouy ➢ Myron, The Discobolus ➢ Last Judgement
➢ Venus of Willendorf ➢ The Portonacio ➢ The Barberini Diptych
➢ Queen Nefertiti Sarcophagus ➢ Resurrection of the
➢ The Pharoah Menkaure ➢ Sarcopagus from Virgin
and his Queen Cervetiri

WHAT’S NEW

1. D
2. A
3. E
4. B
5. C

WHAT’S MORE

1. Name of Sculpture: Myron, TheDiscobolus

Era/Period: Greek
Materials Used: Bronze
Distinct Characteristics:a naked athlete throwing a discus
2.Name of Sculpture:The Barberini Diptych
 Era/Period: Byzantine
Materials Used: Ivory
Distinct Characteristics:emperor as triumphant victor
3. Name of Sculpture:Venus of Willendorf
Era/Period: Pre-Historic
Materials Used:Limesstone
Distinct Characteristics:excessively heavy breasts and abdomen
4. Name of Sculpture:The Portonacio Sarcophagus
Era/Period: Roman
Materials Used: Marble
Distinct Characteristics:a box-like funeral receptacle for a dead body
5. Name of Sculpture:Last Judgement
Era/Period: Romanesque
Materials Used: Stone
Distinct Characteristics:overwhelmingly religious as Christ is the center

WHAT I CAN DO

A. Both are human figure but irregular in shape and both symbolizes charm.
B. Both were use as burial emphasizes the importance of life after death

ASSESMENT

1. C
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. A

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

1. C
2. E
3. A
4. D
5. B
 REFERENCES
RESOURCES

A. Books

A Journey Through Western Music and Arts 9 Learner’s Material by

Department of Education, pp. 153 - 158
B. Websites

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discobolus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portonaccio_sarcophagus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barberini_ivory
https://www.christiancentury.org/article/art/last-judgment-gislebertus-ca-1130
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Development_and_Character_of_Gothic_Archite
cture/Chapter_7
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+prehistoric+sculpture&s
ource=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCq_LIj5PqAhUbMd4KHcyhD8UQ_
AUoAXoECBUQAw&biw=1024&bih=489
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+greek+sculpture&sourc
e=lmns&bih=489&biw=1024&hl=en&ved=2ahUKEwjpsLCWjpPqAhU8y4sBHVyZ
AdEQ_AUoAHoECAEQAA
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+roman+sculpture&sourc
e=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP9KLZjpPqAhVWfXAKHTeaCXMQ_AU
oAXoECBUQAw&biw=1024&bih=489
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+byzantine+sculpture&hl
=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIpfaFkJPqAhVWVN4KHRgQ
CE4Q_AUoAXoECBEQAw&cshid=1592749996273033&biw=1024&bih=489
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+romanesque+sculpture
&hl=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7mZ-
3kJPqAhVZeXAKHcagAs8Q_AUoAXoECBMQAw&biw=1024&bih=489
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+gothic+sculpture&hl=en
&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjT-
JnPkJPqAhWnUN4KHZ0TA3gQ_AUoAXoECBMQAw&biw=1024&bih=489
https://egypt-museum.com/post/187674486836/innermost-coffin-of-
tutankhamun#gsc.tab=0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manunggul_Jar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulul