Better utilization of the backward areas linking with the

advanced areas

 For rapid industrialization & urbanization

 For removing the scarcity of goods

 Easy movement people and bringing them in contact with

The nation has just 13 million cars on its roads
which is just over 1% of the country’s population.
In addition only 10% of the Indian households
own a motorcycle.
In India, public transport still remains the
primary mode of transport.
Indian railways is the largest and fourth most
heavily utilized system in the world.
Walking
Palanquin
Bullock carts and horse carriages
Bicycles
Hand-pulled rickshaws
Cycle rickshaws
 Modern transportation…
These are the major means of transportation now a days:

 Railways

 Road ways

 Air ways

 Water ways
 Railways
Indian Railways is one of the largest railways
under single management.
It carries some 18 million passengers and 2
million tons of freight a day and is one of the
world’s largest employer.
The railways play a leading role in carrying
passengers and cargo across India's vast territory.
The trains were introduced by the British in
1853.
The Indian railways improved a lot from then
on to become the one of the longest railway
networks in the world.
There are 16 railway zones in India.
There are almost 8000 railway stations in the
country.
 Zonal Railways Headquarters

Central Railway Mumbai CST

Eastern Railway Kolkata

Northern Railway New Delhi

North Eastern Railway Gorakhpur

North-East Frontier Railway Maligaon (Guwahati)

Southern Railway Chennai

South Central Railway Secunderabad

South Eastern Railway Kolkata

Western Railway Church Gate, Mumbai

East Central Railway Hajipur

East Coast Railway Bhubaneswar

North Central Railway Allahabad

North Western Railway Jaipur

South East Central Railway Bilaspur

South Western Railway Hubli

West Central Railway Jabalpur

The total route length of the railway network is
64,061 km (39,806 mi).
About 46% of the railway route is electrified.
The Indian railways uses 4 gauges: broad
gauge, standard gauge, meter gauge, narrow
gauge.
 Notable trains and
achievements…
There are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites on IR — the
Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Mountain railways of India.
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a narrow gauge railway in
West Bengal.
The Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a meter gauge railway in the Nilgiri
Hills in Tamil Nadu.
The Kalka-Shimla Railway, a narrow gauge railway in the Shivalik
mountains in Himachal Pradesh
 Road transport…
Roads are the dominant mode of
transportation in India today.

They carry almost 90 percent of the country’s

passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight.
 National highways
0 The main roads constructed & maintained by the central
government
0 It connects ports, state capitals, industrial and tourist centres
0 It span about 67,000 km & handle 40% of total road traffic
0 National lanes have :

0 1.single lanes (width 3.25 m)

0 2. multi lanes (each have width 3.5 m)
0 3. 14% have 4 or more lanes & 59% have 2 lanes or double lanes
0 4.rest 27% single laned
 NHAI(National Highway Authority of
India)

0 It was constituted in 1988

0 It is responsible for the development , maintenance and

management of National Highways

0 It is currently undertaking developmental activities under

(National Highways Development Project)
 Golden quadrilateral
0 It interconnects many cities & ports
0 It give an impetus(importance) to
0 It is the largest express truck transport throughout in India
highway project in India 0 It helps in the industrial growth of
small towns
0 It helps in the transport of agricultural
produce from the hinterland to major
cities and ports for export
0 It consists of building
5,846km of 4 & 6 lane
expressways connecting
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata & 0 The often uncharted areas beyond a
coastal district or a river's banks.
Chennai
0 An area surrounding a town or port
and served by it.
 Statistics….
Type of Road Length

Expressways 200 km (120 mi)

National Highways 66,590 km (41,380 mi)

State Highways 131,899 km (81,958 mi)

Major District Roads 467,763 km (290,654 mi)

Rural and Other Roads 2,650,000 km (1,650,000 mi)

3,300,000 km (2,050,000 mi)

Total Length
(Approx)
An expressway is a controlled-access
highway; it is a highway that controls
entrances to it and exits from it by
incorporating the design of the slip
roads for entry and exit into the design
of the highway itself. Access-control
should not be confused with collection
of toll. An expressway may be free to
use and may not collect toll at all.
Expressways are the highest class of
roads in the Indian Road Network.
These are six or eight lane highways
with controlled-access. India has
approximately 942 km expressways.
National Highway system of India
consists of approximately
10,000 km (6,200 mi) of four-
laned highways that collect toll
from users but do not have
control of access and cannot be
called expressways. Currently,
a massive project is underway to
expand the highway network and
the Government of India plans to
add an additional 18,637 km
(11,580 mi) of expressways to the
network by the year 2022.[
•Under construction Expressway Name Distance State

1 Western Freeway 25.33 km (15.74 mi) Maharashtra

Mumbai

2 Eastern Freeway 22 km (14 mi) Maharashtra

Mumbai

3 Mumbai Nashik 150 km (93 mi) Maharashtra

Expressway

Kundli
4 ManesarPalwal 135.6 km (84.3 mi) Haryana
Expressway(KMP)

Delhi Eastern Uttar

5 Peripheral 135 km (84 mi) Pradesh/Haryana
Expressway

6 Pathankot Ajmer 600 km (370 mi) Punjab/Rajasthan

Expressway

7 Ganga Expressway 1,000 km (620 mi) Uttar Pradesh

 Distance State
Expressway Name
Ahmedabad Vadodara
1 95 km (59 mi) Gujarat
Expressway
2 Mumbai-Pune Expressway 93 km (58 mi) Maharashtra

3 Jaipur-Kishangarh Expressway 90 km (56 mi) Rajastan

4 Allahabad Bypass 86 km (53 mi) Uttar Pradesh

5 Durgapur Expressway 65 km (40 mi) West Bengal
6 Chennai Bypass 32 km (20 mi) Tamil Nadu

7 Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway 28 km (17 mi) Delhi/Haryana

8 Noida-Greater Noida Expressway 24.53 km (15.24 mi) Delhi/Uttar Pradesh

9 Delhi Noida Direct Flyway 9.2 km (5.7 mi) Delhi/Uttar Pradesh

10 Hyderabad Elevated Expressways 11.6 km (7.2 mi) Andhra Pradesh

11 Hosur Road Elevated Expressway 9.985 km (6.204 mi) Karnataka

12 Kona Expressway 8 km (4.97 mi) West Bengal

13 Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad) 158 km (98 mi) Andhra Pradesh

14 Raipur-Bhilai-Durg Expressway 26 km (16 mi) Chhattisgarh

15 Yamuna Expressway 165 km (103 mi) Uttar Pradesh

Bangalore–Mysore Infrastructure
16 41 km (25 mi) Karnataka
Corridor
Mumbai Pune Expressway
AHMEDABAD-VADODARA EXPRESSWAY
 A VIEW OF DELHI- GURGAON STRETCH OF NATIONAL
HIGHWAY - 8 (NH-8). THE 8-LANE EXPRESSWAY CONNECTS
DELHI TO GURGAON AND IGIA
A SECTION OF THE GOLDEN
QUADRILATERAL BETWEEN
BENGALURU AND CHENNAI
THE DELHI-NOIDA SECTION OF THE DELHI-NOIDA
-GREATER NOIDA EXPRESSWAY
AGRA -MATHURA
BANGALORE-MYSORE
 National Highway classification
Length
Lanes Percentage
(km)

Single Lane /
18,350 27%
Intermediate lane

Double lane 39,079 59%

Four Lane/Six lane/Eight

9,325 14%
Lane

Total 66,754 100%

CAN BE CONSTRUCTED EVEN IN AREAS OF DIFFICULT TERRAIN

OFFER DOOR TO DOOR SERVICES

HELP FARMERS TO MOVE THEIR PERISHABLE GOODS

CHANCE OF PILFERAGE ARE LESSER THAN IN RAILWAYS

Many roads are un surfaced not suitable for regular
vehicular traffic

No proper maintenance

Multiple check post , toll tax which bring down the

speed of traffic
Many roads have inadequate capacity
Traffic on the roads of India is too high
 Air transportation…
 Air transport in India started between Allahabad &
Naini (township in Allahabad) in 1911
 Airport authority of India was established on April 1,
1995

 The Air India, has become the 16th largest airline in

asia, presently operates a fleet of 159 aircraft serves=
50 domestic & 39 international routes

 The other airlines such as Kingfisher Airlines, Air India

and Jet Airways are the most popular brands in
domestic air travel in order of their market share.
Airport Authority Of India
Cargo airlines :Blue Dart Aviation ltd is
Operating scheduled cargo services in
the country
PAWAN HANS
 These airlines connect more than 80 cities
across India and also operate overseas routes
after the liberalization of Indian aviation.
 The rapid growth in the economy of India has
made air travel more affordable now a days.
 There are more than 335 civilian airports in
India - 250 with paved runways and 96 with
unpaved runways and more than 20
international airports in the Republic of
India.
The market share of different airlines in India…
 Advantages:
It is the fastest mode of transport.
..It is very useful in transporting goods and passengers to the
area, which are not accessible by any other means.
It is the most convenient mode of transport during natural
calamities.
It provides vital support to the national security and defence
 0 Disadvantages:

0 ..It is relatively more expensive mode of transport.

..It is not suitable for transporting heavy and bulky goods.
.. It is affected by adverse weather conditions.
..It is not suitable for short distance travel.
..In case of accidents, it results in heavy losses of goods,
property and life.
Water transport…
 Types of water transport….

Inland water transport: include rivers, canals , backwaters &

creek (a small stream · Creek (tidal), an inlet of the sea) that allows
ships & boats to navigate

India has

Navigable waterways :around 14,500 km

Navigable by mechanized flat bottom vessels
….rivers
….canals
 National waterways….
Allahabad

Saidiya

Kollam

Bhadrachalam

Mangalgadi
 IWAI
Inland waterways authority of India is the
authority in charge of the inland waterways

0Cargo transportation is organised

GOA
KERALA
WEST BENGAL
ASSAM
Major ports of India
Disadvantages(Constraints….)