A DISCRETE-ELEMENT METHOD FOR TRANSVERSE VIBRATIONS OF BEAM-COLUMNS

RESTING ON LINEARLY ELASTIC OR INELASTIC SUPPORTS

by

Jack Hsiao-Chieh Chan

Hudson Matlock

Research Report Number 56-24

Development of Methods for Computer Simulation

of Beam-Columns and Grid-Beam and Slab Systems
Research Project 3-5-63-56

conducted for

The Texas Highway Department

in cooperation with the

U. S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration

by the

CENTER FOR HIGHWAY RESEARCH

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN

June 1972
The contents of this report reflect the views of the
authors, who are responsible for the facts and thE!
accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents
do not necessarily reflect the official views or
policies of the Federal Highway Administration. 'Ji1lis
report does not constitute a standard, specificatjLon,
or regulation.

ii
 PREFACE

This study describes a method developed to analyze beam-columns subjected

to either static fixed loads or dynamic loads. The supports of the beam-
column may be either linearly elastic or nonlinear and inelastic. The method
incorporates previously developed discrete-element beam-column techniques.
This work was done under Research Project 3-5-63-56, "Development of
Methods for Computer Simulation of Beam-Columns and Grid-Beam and Slab Systems,"
conducted at the Center for Highway Research, The University of Texas at Austin,
as part of the Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored by the Texas
Highway Department and the Department of Transportation Federal Highway Admin-
istration.
The authors wish to acknowledge Mr. John J. Panak, Research Engineer, for
his valuable suggestions in programming, writing, and other aspects of this
study. Appreciation goes to Miss Darlene Neva for typing this report. Other
personnel of the Center for Highway Research are gratefully acknowledged for
their assistance. The excellent facilities of the Computation Center of The
University of Texas and its cooperative staff made a significant contribution
to this work.

Jack Hsiao-Chieh Chan

Hudson Matlock

June 1972

iii
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 LIST OF REPORTS

Report No. 56-1, "A Finite-Element Method of Solution for Linearly Elastic
Beam-Columns" by Hudson Matlock and T. Allan Haliburton, presents a solution
for beam-columns that is a basic tool in subsequent reports. September 1966.

Report No. 56-2, "A Computer Program to Analyze Bending of Bent Caps" by
Hudson Matlock and Wayne B. Ingram, describes the application of the beam-
column solution to the particular problem of bridge bent caps. October 1966.

Report No. 56-3, "A Finite-Element Method of Solution for Structural Frames"
by Hudson Matlock and Berry Ray Grubbs, describes a solution for frames with
no sway. May 1967.

Report No. 56-4, "A Computer Program to Analyze Beam-Columns under Movable
Loads" by Hudson Matlcok and Thomas P. Taylor, describes the app lication of
the beam-column solution to problems with any configuration of movable non-
dynamic loads. June 1968.

Report No. 56-5, "A Finite-Element Method for Bending Analysis of Layered
Structura 1 Systems" by Wayne B. Ingram and Hudson Matlock, describes an
alternating-direction iteration method for solving two-dimensional systems
of layered grids-over-beams and plates-over-beams. June 1967.

Report No. 56-6, ''Discontinuous Orthotropic Plates and Pavement Slabs" by

W. Ronald Hudson and Hudson Matlock, describes an alternating-direction
iteration method for solving complex two-dimensional plate and slab problems
with emphasis on pavement slabs. May 1966.

Report No. 56-7, itA Finite-Element Analysis of Structural Frames" by T. Allan

Haliburton and Hudson Matlock, describes a method of analysis for rectangular
plane frames with three degrees of freedom at each joint. July 1967.

Report No. 56-8, "A Finite-Element Method for Transverse Vibrations of Beams
and Plates" by Harold Salani and Hudson Matlock, describes an implicit pro-
cedure for determining the transient and steady-state vibrations of beams and
plates, including pavement slabs. June 1968.

Report No. 56-9, "A Direct Computer Solution for Plates and Pavement Slabs"
by C. Fred Stelzer, Jr., and W. Ronald Hudson, describes a direct method for
solving complex two-dimensional plate and slab problems. October 1967.

Report No. 56-10, "A Finite-Element Method of Analysis for Composite Beams"
by Thomas P. Taylor and Hudson Matlock, describes a method of analysis for
composite beams with any degree of horizontal shear interaction. January 1968.

v
vi

Report No. 56-11, I~ Discrete-Element Solution of Plates and Pavement Slabs

Using a Variable-Increment-Length Model" by Charles M. Pearn, III, and
W. Ronald Hudson, presents a method for solving freely d iscor:tinuous plates
and pavement slabs subjected to a variety of loads. April 15'69.

Report No. 56-12, "A Discrete-Element Method of Analysis for Combined Bending
and Shear Deformations of a Beam" by David F. Tankersley and William P. Daw-
kins, presents a method of analysis for the combined effects of bending and
shear deformations. December 1969.

Report No. 56-13, "A Discrete-Element Method of Multiple-Loacing Analysis for

Two-Way Bridge Floor Slabs" by John J. Panak and Hudson Matlock, includes a
procedure for analysis of two-way bridge floor slabs continuous over many
supports. January 1970.

Report No. 56-14, "A Direct Computer solution for Plane Frames" by William P.
Dawkins and John R. Ruser, Jr., presents a direct method of ~jolution for the
computer analysis of plane frame structures. May 1969.

Report No. 56-15, ''Experimental Verification of Discrete-Elenent Solutions

for Plates and Slabs" by Sohan L. Agarwal and W. Ronald Hudson, presents a
comparison of discrete-element solutions with small-dimension test results
for plates and slabs, including some cyclic data. April 1970.

Report No. 56-16, "Experimental Evaluation of Subgrade Modulus and Its Applica-
tion in Model Slab Studies" by Qaiser S. Siddiqi and W. Ronald Hudson, describes
a series of experiments to evaluate layered foundation coeff:i.cients of subgrade
reaction for use in the discrete-element method. January 1970.

Report No. 56-17, 'Dynamic Analysis of Discrete-Element Plates on Nonlinear

Foundations" by Allen E. Kelly and Hudson Matlock, presents a numerical method
for the dynamic analysis of plates on nonlinear foundations. July 1970.

Report No. 56-18, "A Discrete-Element Analysis for Anisotropic Skew Plates and
Grids" by Mahendrakumar R. Vora and Hudson Matlock, describes a tridirectional
model and a computer program for the analysis of anisotropic skew plates or
slabs with grid-beams. August 1970.

Report No. 56-19, "An Algebraic Equation Solution Process Formulated in Anti-
cipation of Banded Linear Equations" by Frank L. Endres and Hudson Matlock,
describes a system of equation-solving routines that may be applied to a wide
variety of problems by using them within appropriate programs. January 1971.

Report No. 56-20, "Finite-Element Method of Analysis for Pla,ne Curved Girders"
by William P. Dawkins, presents a method of analysis that mB,y be applied to
plane-curved highway bridge girders and other structural melIlbers composed of
straight and curved sections. June 1971.

Report No. 56-21, "Linearly Elastic Analysis of plane Frames; Subjected to

Complex Loading Conditions" by Clifford O. Hays and Hudson ~1atlock, presents
a design-oriented computer solution for plane frames structures and trusses
that can analyze with a large number of loading conditions.. June 1971.
 vii

Report No. 56-22, I~nalysis of Bending Stiffness Variation at Cracks in Con-

tinuous Pavements," by Adnan Abou-Ayyash and W. Ronald Hudson, describes an
evaluation of the effect of transverse cracks on the longitudinal bending
rigidity of continuously reinforced concrete pavements. April 1972.

Report No. 56-23, "A Nonlinear Analysis of Statically Loaded Plane Frames Using
a Discrete Element Model" by Clifford O. Hays and Hudson Matlock, describes a
method of analysis which considers support, material, and geometric nonlin-
earities for plane frames subjected to complex loads and restraints. May 1972.

Report No. 56-24, "A Discrete-Element Method for Transverse Vibrations of Beam-
Columns Resting on Linearly Elastic or Inelastic Supports" by Jack Hsiao-
Chich Chan and Hudson Matlock, presents a new approach to predict the hysteretic
behavior of inelastic suppo=ts in dynamic problems. June 1972.

(p) indicates Preliminary Report.

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 ABSTRACT

A discrete-element method of analysis for transverse vibration of beam

columns resting on linearly or nonlinearly-elastic, or nonlinearly-inelastic,
supports is presented. The applied forces include static fixed loads and time-
dependent dynamic loads. The program is an extension of programs BMCOL 43
(Research Report No. 56-4) and DBCI (Research Report No. 56-8) to cover in-
elastic supports and time-dependent axial thrusts. Two multi-element models
are used to simulate the inelastic characteristics of supports, one which
allows the beam to lift off the support when it deflects, upward or downward,
and the other which considers the resistance to either upward or downward
deflection. An internal damping factor, which is related to the first deriva-
tive with respect to time of the curvature of the beam, has been included, in
addition to the conventional external viscous damping factor.
The method is based on an implicit difference formulation of the Crank-
Nicolson type. A computer program has been written to check the validities of
the proposed multi-element models of tracing the loading paths of the nonlinearly-
inelastic supports and of the implicit formulation of the Crank-Nicolson type.
The results compare well with the theoretical results and with experimental
data.

KEY WORDS: dynamic, static, nonlinearly-inelastic supports, multi-element

model, beam column, implicit formulation, discrete-element method, computers,
piles, bridges, earthquake, wave forces.

ix
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 SUMMARY

A computer program, DBCS, is presented which can efficiently analyze a

beam-column resting on linearly or nonlinearly-elastic, or nonlinearly-inelastic
supports and subjected to either static fixed loads or dynamic loads.
The path-dependent history of loading of the nonlinearly-inelastic
resistance-deflection curve of the support is considered in this study. Two
multi-element models, which are used to simulate the nonlinear characteristics
of the inelastic resistance-deflection curves, have been introduced. For prob-
lems with nonlinearly-elastic or nonlinearly-inelastic supports, the iteration
process compares successively computed deflections until a specified tolerance
is satisfied. An option available in the program allows a switch from a
spring-load-iteration process (adjusting both the stiffness and the load from
one iteration to the next, which is known as tangent modulus method) to a
load-iteration technique (adjusting only the load) when the supports yield or
disconnect from the beam-column. An internal damping factor, which is related
to the first time derivative of the curvature of the beam, has been considered
in addition to the external viscous damping factor which is normally encountered
in a dynamic problem.
The results of an analysis can include

(1) solutions for the member under static fixed loads,

(2) solutions for the member under dynamic and static loads at each time
station, and
(3) plots of computed deflections or moments along either the time or
the beam axis as required.

Seven example problems typical of those encountered by highway and founda-

tion designers illustrate the uses of the program and the options available.
Included are a three-span beam loaded with an AASHO standard 2-D truck moving
at a uniform speed of 60 mph, a simply supported steel rod loaded by axial
pulses, a partially embedded steel pipe pile loaded by idealized wave forces,
and a partially embedded steel pipe pile excited by sinusoidal, earthquake-
induced forces.

xi
xii

A guide for data input is presented which allows routine application of

tho method of analysis with little necessary reference to the body of the main
report. Any number of analyses may be run at the same time.
 IMPLEMENTATION STATEMENT

The utilization of numerical methods to describe computer models of

problems in structural dynamics has been an interesting subject to which many
structural engineers have devoted their efforts in recent years.
In this study, an efficient computer program, DBC5, is developed for the
analysis of beam-column problems, static or dynamic, which have either linearly-
elastic or nonlinearly-inelastic supports. The path-dependent history of
loading of the nonlinearly-inelastic resistance-deflection curve of the support
is considered. Potential applications include study of the dynamic response
of actual truck-loaded bridges, prediction of the response of offshore piles
tc wave forces, analysis of railroad loadings on continuous spans which are
supported on soil foundations, analysis of transverse response of partially
embedded piles to earthquake-induced forces, and prediction of the hysteresis
effect of inelastic supports under pavement slabs.
Recommendations are made for further research in developing other better
multi-element computer models for nonlinear supports so that buckling, fracture,
softening, and relaxation (creep) of the support could also be considered in
the program.
It is further recommended that this program be put into test use by
designers of the Texas Highway Department to further evaluate its uses, and
to investigate needed extensions or modifications to make it more usable for
the practicing design engineer.

xiii
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE iii

LIST OF REPORTS v

ABSTRACT AND KEY WORDS ix

SUMMARY xi
IMPLEMENTATION STATEMENT xiii
NOr-1ENCLA TURE . . . . . . xvii

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

Purpose and Scope of Program DBCS • 1

Application . • • . • . • . • 2

CHAPTER 2. DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPLICIT OPERATOR

Discrete-Element Model for Dynamic Beam-Columns 5

Equation of Motion of Beam-Columns • • . . . . 5
Internal and External Damping . • • • • • . . . • • 18
Linearly Elastic and Nonlinearly-Inelastic Supports . 21
Stability of the Implicit Operator • • • • • . . • 24

CHAPTER 3. RESISTANCE-DEFLECTION CURVES FOR THE LATERAL SUPPORTS

Multi-Element Models . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Baushinger Effect of Nonlinear Resistance-Deflection
Cu rv e . . . • • ... . . • . • • 29
Systematic Approach for Following Loading Paths . . . 36

CHAPTER 4. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM DBCS

General . 41
Procedure for Data Input 41
Tables of Data Input 43
Error Messages • . • . •• 46
Description of Problem Results 47
Plots of Results • • . . . . . 48

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xvi

CHAPTER 5. EXAMPLE PROBLEMS

Example Problem 1. Inelastically Supported Mass Under Free

Vibra t ion . . . . • . . • . . . . . • . . 53
Example Problem lA. Free Vibration of Mass by Specifying
Initial Displacements . • . . . . . . • • . . • 55
Example Problem 2-1. Lateral Vibration of a Simply
Supported Beam with Axial Compression Force .... 55
Example Problem 2-2. Lateral Vibration of a Beam on
Elastic Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 61
Example Problem 3. Three-Span Beam Loaded by an AASHO
Standard 2-D Truck Moving at a Speed of 60 mph . . . 61
Example Problem 4-1. Simply Supported Steel Rod - Axial
Pulse Base Time = 0.10 Second . . . • • . . . . . . • 72
Example Problem 4-2. Simply Supported Steel Rod - Axial
Pulse Base Time = 0.026 Second • • • . . • . • . . . . 76
Example Problem 4-3. Simply Supported Steel Rod - Axial
Pulse Base Time = 0.006 Second . • • . • . . . • • • • 76
Example Problem 5. Partially Embedded Steel Pipe Pile
Loaded by Wave Forces . . . • • . • . • • • • . • • 76
Example Problem 6. Three-Span Beam with One-Way and
Symmetric Nonlinear Supports Loaded with a Transient
Pulse . . • . . • . . . • • . . • . . • . . • • • • . • 90
Example Problem 7. Partially Embedded Steel Pipe Pile
Excited by Sinusoidal Earthquake-Induced Forces .... 95

CHAPTER 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 107

REFERENCES • • • . • • . . . . . • . . • • • • • . . . • • • • • • • . • 111

APPENDICES

Appendix A. Derivation of the Dynamic Implicit Operator

Based on the Crank-Nicolson Implicit Formula . . • . • 115
Appendix B. Derivation for Recursive Solution of Equati~ls
(Extracted from Appendix 2 of Ref 4) . . • • • • • . • • 127
Appendix C. Stability Analysis for the Dynamic Implicit
Operator with Internal Damping Coefficient 133
Appendix D. Guide for Data Input for DBC5 . . . . • 141
Appendix E. Glossary of Notation for DBC5 . • • • • 169
Appendix F. Flow Charts and Listing of Deck of Program DBC5 175
Appendix G. Listing of Data for Example Problems • • • 209
Appendix H. Partial Sample Computer Output for Example
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

THE AUTHORS 229

 NOMENCLATURE

Symbol Typical Units Definition

Coefficients in stiffness matrix

'\+1 ' '\-1

b k+ , b _l Coefficients in stiffness matrix

l k

C in-lb Concentrated applied couple

c k + l ' ck ' ck _ l Coefficient in stiffness matrix

D Lumped internal damping factor

divided by time increment length

(De) lb-sec/in Lumped external viscous damping

factor
i 2
(D ) lb-in -sec Lumped internal damping factor

d k + l , dk _ l Coefficient in stiffness matrix

e Base of natural logarithms

E Modulus of elasticity

e k +l , e k _l Coefficient in stiffness matrix

f. k Coefficient in stiffness matrix

J,
F Flexural stiffness, E1

h in Beam increment length

h sec Time increment length

t
I
. 4
1n Moment of inertia of cross
section

j Beam station number

k Time station number

M. in-lb Static bending moment at beam

J
station j

M.J , k in-lb Dynamic bending moment at beam

station j and time station k
xvii
 Definition

Concentrated applied static

transverse load

Concentrated applied dynamic

transverse load

Static support reaction at beam

station j

Dynamic support reac~ion at beam

station j and time station k

Retained projected values of

resistance of segments 1, 2,
on support curve

R in-lb/rad Concentrated rotational restraint

R , R ,
l 2
... lb Resistances in the sub-springs
1,2, ... of the nonlinear
support
S S
R , R2 lb Residual resistances in sub-
l
springs 1, 2

R , R lb Resistances at points A and B

A B
on support curve

S~ lb/in Concentrated transve:cse linear

J spring restraint at beam station j
N
S.J, k lb/in Concentrated transve,::se nonlinear
spring restraint at beam station
j and time station k

Retained values of slopes of

segments 1, 2, ... 011 support
curve

T lb Static axial thrust

TT lb Dynamic axial thrust

V. lb Static shear of bar j

J

V.J , k lb Dynamic shear of bar j at time

station k

W. in Static transverse de:Election at

J beam station j
 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, a great deal of interest has been focused on the utili-
zation of numerical methods to describe computer models of problems in struc-
tural dynamics. Many computer programs (for instance, Refs 3 and 10) are
available for solving for the dynamic response of beams or slabs which are
either linearly or nonlinearly supported; no program has been found, however,
which considers the path-dependent history of loading of nonlinearly-inelastic
supports. As a result of the necessity to consider the important effects of
energy lost due to the hysteretic behavior of the supports, much of the present
work has been devoted to the development of multi-element models to simulate
the nonlinearly-inelastic supports. With these models, general rules in FOR-
TRAN logic can be observed and used to predict the loading paths of resistance-
deflection curves of the supports. The models for the nonlinearly-inelastic
supports described in this work are not time-dependent; therefore, relaxation
(creep) of resistance of the support is not included in the model. The retar-
dation, or delayed elasticity, of the support can be considered by installing
an external viscous dashpot in parallel with the support model. The softening
of the nonlinearly-inelastic support is also not included but strain-hardening
may be considered.

Purpose and Scope of Program DBC5

The primary purpose of this investigation is to develop an efficient com-

puter program for solving for the transverse dynamic response of a beam-column
resting on linearly or nonlinearly-elastic or nonlinearly-inelastic supports
which are simulated by the proposed multi-element models described in Chapter
3. When the hysteretic behavior of the supports is considered, the program
is able to predict more accurately the dynamic response of beams, piles, slabs,
or even bridges which are supported by soil foundations.
A marching method of solution is used which is based on an implicit
formula introduced by Crank and Nicolson (Ref 2) to solve second-order heat
flow problems. Salani (Ref 10) is credited with applying this implicit

1
 2

formula in determining the transverse time-dependent linear deflections of a

beam or plate. Essentially, the beam is replaced by an arbitrary number of
rigid bars and deformable joints, and time is divided into discrete, equal
intervals. The representation readily permits the flexural stiffness, the
elastic restraints, the mass densities, and the applied external loadings to be
discontinuous and lumped at the deformable joints which connect the rigid bars.
The governing partial differential equation at each joint is approximated by
a difference equation that includes several unknown deflections of the joint,
which occur at specified time intervals. All difference equations are based
on the assumptions of linear elasticity and the elementary beam theory. The
effects of transverse shear and rotatory inertia are neglected.
The nonlinear characteristics of the supports are considered by using
either a spring-load iteration process (adjusting both the stiffness and the
load from one iteration to the next, which is known as tangent modulus method)
or a load-iteration technique (adjusting only the load). The iteration pro-
cess compares successively computed deflections until a specified tolerance is
satisfied. Only three nonlinear characteristics of support curves are con-
sidered: the first is exhibiting the same resistance to either upward to down-
ward deflection, hereafter referred to as the symmetric resistance-deflection
curve; the second is allowing the beam to lift off the support when it de-
flects upward, hereafter referred to as the negative one-way resistance-
deflection curve; the third is allowing the beam to lift off the support when it
deflects downward, hereafter referred to as positive one-way resistance-deflec-
tion curve. Two multi-element models to simulate the three types of support
are introduced in this work.

Application

Computer Program DBC5 is versatile and efficient for

(1) solving for the transverse response of beam-columns with linear and
nonlinear supports under free or forced vibration;
(2) computing slopes and shears of the bars, bending moments, and sup-
port reactions of the deformable joints, statically or dynamically;
a~

(3) plotting computed deflections or moments along either the time or

beam axis for the requested monitor stations.
 Applied forces include static fixed loads, time variant axial thrusts,
and time variant lateral loads. Static solutions of beam-columns under fixed
loads may also be obtained.
The computer program is intended to provide an efficient tool for anal-
yzing many problems encountered by highway and foundation designers which are
complicated and unsolvable using classical methods. A variety of highway
structures, such as bridge girders, guard rails, or even a whole bridge floor
under moving loads or suddenly applied impact, can be simulated by the computer
model of Program DBC5 and solved efficiently. The capability to treat supports
that behave nonlinearly and inelastically provides for direct solutions of
transverse deflections of railroad rails under moving loads and the prediction
of the responses of offshore piles to wave forces, as well as the study of
transverse responses of piles to earthquake-induced forces, since the parts
of rails and piles supported by the soil can be reasonably represented by the
proposed multi-element models for considering the path-dependent history of
loading of the soil supports.
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 CHAPTER 2. DEVElDPMENT OF THE IMPLICIT OPERATOR

Program DBC5 is developed for the dynamic analysis of beam-columns rest-

ing on linearly-elastic or nonlinear supports under time variant axial thrusts
and lateral loads. The program uses a discrete-element model for developing
the equation of motion of beams. An implicit formula of the Crank-Nicolson
(Ref 2) type is then utilized to form a marching operator. At each point in
time, a set of simultaneous equations for the unknown deflections at the de-
formable joints can be obtained by systematically applying the marching opera-
tor at all joints. A recursive procedure is then used to solve the simultane-
ous equations. A brief discussion of the method of the recursive solution
pTocedure is included in Appendix B.

Discrete-Element Model for Dynamic Beam-Columns

Matlock and Taylor have developed a static model composed of rigid bars
and springs (Fig 1) which can be used to simulate a beam-column. In Ref 5
the efficiency of this model has been proved by solving a variety of structures
which can be simulated as beam-columns. By the addition of masses and damping
factors lumped at the deformable joints, a dynamic model (Fig 2) is formed
that can closely simulate the dynamic response of real beam-columns.

Equation of Motion of Beam-Columns

The equation of motion for transverse vibration of beams can be obtained

by summing all the forces, internal and external, at a particular joint j
and a particular time station k (see Fig 3). The concept is based on D'A1em-
bert's principle. Thus an equation can be written in terms of the unknown
i
deflections w, moments M, internal damping factors D • •• ,

5
 6

11------
1..... h -----
.. 1

~Eh
(a)

h
Deformable

(b)

1------ h - - - - -

\
I Wj_1
Joint NlITIber... j-I
Bor Number... .. j+ I
(c)

Fig 1. Mechanical model of beam-column.

 7

w
Internal Dashpot

-----II
Beam Axis
......

,.... Deformable Joint

Beam STA. j -I

--..."......-- Lumped Mass

External
Linear + Nonlinear Dashpot
Spring - - - -

Detail of Deformable JOint

Fig 2. Dynamic model of beam-column.

 Tj+2+ TT+2,k

Vj+l,k

j+1

Fig 3. Free-body d'lagram of a porti on of th e dynamic beam-col umn model.

 9

N
hS.J, k W J,
' k (2.1)

By the USe of Crank-Nico1son's implicit formula, Eq 2.1 can be further

represented as

(2.2)

where

O.2ShR. 1
J-

2
h .T.
L J
+ 0 • 5 \.TTj ,k-l +
10

/ s N \
+ IS.
\ J + S.
J, k+ 1 )J

3
4h p.
J
=

~-l

= - b k+1 -

.\

= -ek + 1 +
2 (D~
h
)j+l

t
 11

f.J, k ==

Detailed derivations of Eqs 2.1 and 2.2 are included in Appendix A. In

Fig 4, an implicit operator of the Crank-Nicolson (Ref 2) type is shown for
Eq 2.2.
To start the dynamic solutions, a static model as described in Ref 2 is
used twice, at time stations -2 and -1, for solving the initial deflected
shape of the beam-column due to static loads. Since the implicit operator re-
quires the deflected shape at only the two previous ttme stations, there are
no considerations of the initial velocities and initial accelerations of the
deformable joints of the beam. This is consistent with normal practice, since
deformable joints of a beam normally have no initial velocities or initial
accelerations.
All deflections at time station k+1 are unknown. To solve for the un-
known deflections at time station k+1 , the operator, which requires the de-
flected shapes of the beam at time stations k and k-1 to be known, is ap-
plied systematically at beam joints j = -1, 1, 2 ••• M+1. This procedure
establishes a set of simultaneous equations wherein each equation includes
five unknown deflections. These equations are solved by a two-pass, recursive
technique described in Ref 4 (see Appendix B) for the unknown deflection of
every joint. Once the deflected shape of a member at time station k+1 is
known, the slopes, bending moments, shears, and support reactions for the mem-
ber at the previous time station k can be determined by using the procedures
described below.

Slope. Equation 2.3 is the simple-difference expression for slope of the

individual bar j in terms of the deflections of joints j-l and j and the
beam increment length h (see Fig l(c».

e. == (2.3 )
J

The concept applied for both the static model and the dynamic model. It
will be seen in results printed from the program that the slope is printed be-
tween the beam stations; this slope is that of the bar between the indicated
beam stations.
 12

00
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
K+2

K+I ak+1 bk+1 Cktl dk+1 ek+1

I
c

--
0
0
CJ) K
Ck
+
Q)
4 f-j, k
E ht +
~
K-I
• ak-I bk-I Ck-I dk-I ek-I

K-2
I

I
I
I
I ~h"'"
I
o
0- - - - - - j-3 j-2 j -I j+1 j+3-- - - --M

Beam Station

Fig 4. Implicit operator of Crank-Nicolson type used in Program DBCS.

 13

Bending Moment. In conventional beams, the bending moment is equal to

the product of the flexural stiffness and the curvature. In the finite-element
model the flexibility of the beam and the curvature are lumped at the beam sta-
tion points. The corresponding relation for bending moment M in the static
model is

(2.4)

In the dynamic model, the internal damp ling factor lumped at the joint con-
tributes its effect in addition to the conventional bending moment. Thus,

M.J, k =

+ 2w j ,k_l - wj+l,k-l + wj-l,k+l

\
- 2w j ,k+l + wj+l,k+l) (2.5 )

Shear. Shear V. in the static model is found fram the equation of

J
moment equilibrium of bar j (Fig l(b». Thus,

-M. 1 + M. -w.'
V. = J- J .. J - l+w,J )
(2.6 )
- T j (-----~h-----::.-
J h

For the dynamic model, in addition to the effects of conventional bending

moments and static axial thrusts, the moments contributed by the internal
damping factors (Di )j-l and ~Di)j , and the time dependent axial thrusts
T
T.J, k are also found in the equation of moment equilibrium of bar j (Fig 3).
Thus,

V.J, k =
14

~
D~') - d (W'_l
+ J 2
k - 2w,Ja k+ wj + 1 z k) (2.7)
j dt h3

Substituting

and

W,J- 1 I k - 2w,h k + w'+1 ak) =

d
dt
(
h3
1
2h h
1 3 (-W,J- 1 , k - 1 + 2w,J, k - 1
t

\
-wj+1,k-l + wj-1,k+l - 2w j ,k+l + wj+1,k+l)

into Eq 2.7, thus,

V'k = -M, 1 k
J-,
+ M, k
J, -IT,+O.ST:
(
+T: ) .•
\ l (-W j-l,k + Wj,k )
J, h LJ J,k-1 J,k+l"';l h
 15

\
(2.8)
+ Wj _ 1 ,k+ 1 - 2w j ,k+ 1 + Wj+ 1 ,k+ 1 )

As seen in Fig l(b) (or Fig 3), V. (or V. k ) is the shear throughout
J J,
the length of bar j. Therefore Program DBC5 is written such that the shear
computed in each bar is printed between the adjacent beam stations. In the
program, the rotational restraints and the applied couples, which convention-
ally are considered to be concentrated at a point, are acting on the beam as
equal and opposite loads separated by two increments, as shown in Fig 5.
Therefore, the shear for only the bars adjacent to beam stations with applied
couples or rotational restraints is affected by these loads and is not the
same as conventional shear.

Support Reaction. As described in Ref 5, the support reaction for the

static model can be obtained by Eq 2.9 or Eq 2.10.
If joint j is supported on a linear spring S s. , t h e .
react~on QS. is
J J

s
Q~ = S .w. (2.9)
J J J

If joint j is supported on a nonyielding support (deflection W. equal

J
to zero), the support reaction is

Q~ =
J

Rj _ 1Wj _2 - Rj_1W j - Rj+1W j + Rj + 1Wj + 2

4h2

TjW j _ l - TjW j - Tj+1W j + Tj+lw j + l

h (2.10)
16

~d Transverse Couple)

Rj (Rotational
Restraint)

(a) Mechanical model.

]-1 ]+1

(b) Equivalent forces.

Fig 5. Rotational resistance R and applied couple C

acting on the mechanical model.
 17

For the dynamic model, the support reaction can be obtained by Eq 2.11 or
Eq 2.12.
If joint J LS supported on a linear \s~) or nonlinear \S~J, k) spring
or both s N)
( S,J + S,J, k ,the support reaction J
Q,Sk is
J,

s
S ,w, k
J J,

or

(2.11)

S
where Q, k is the iterative correction reaction of the nonlinear support at
L,
time station k •
If joint j is supported on a nonyie1ding support, the support reaction
is

R
Q, k
J,

T T
(Q, k-1 + QJ',k+1\ 1
- l. J, 2 )\
\ - 4h2

+ Rj + 1wj + 2 ,k)

( -W '-2,k-1 + 2w J'_1,k_1 - wj,k-1 + wj-2,k+l

J

\
- 2w j _ l ,k+1 + Wj ,k+1)
18

- wj + 1 ,k_1 + wj - 1 ,k+1 - 2w j ,k+1 + wj + 1 ,k+1J

I\w j , k- 1 - 2w j , k + W j , k+ 1 j +

(2.12)

Internal and External Damping

ii', le\
In Eq 2.1, two symbo 1s \p) j and (D) j are introduced to represent
the internal damping coefficients and the external viscous damping coefficients,
which are both lumped at joint j. The rheological models of the two
, , damping
! i\ i e "
constants are shown in Fig 6. The typical units of IP)j and \D)j are
2
1b-in -sec/sta and 1b-sec/in/sta. The internal damping is due to the internal
dynamic viscosity of materials. Boltzmann first proposed the hereditary
theory which attributed the loss of energy, due to internal dmnping, to the
elastic delay by which the deformation lagged behind the applied force.
Coulomb also proposed a viscous theory which assumed that the viscosity
effects are proportional to the first time derivative of strain. The coeffi-
cient of proportionality (constant for each material at constant temperature)
is called the coefficient of viscosity. In Ref 13, Volterra has shown a
mathematical relationship between the viscous and hereditary damping theories.
The relationship of stress 0 to strain E: for the material based on the
hereditary theory can be assumed as
 19

Deformable Joint j-I Deformable Joint j+ I

Bending ....... ·.,.... '0 ......

Lumped Mass

(a)

Deformable Joint

s n
5'+5',1<
j j

(b)

Fig 6. Rheological models of internal and external

damping coefficients.
20

n-l
co d E:
o = E E: + I: Pn n-l
(2.13 )
n=l dt

where

Pn =
(_l)n-l
- -
JTo 'T
n
-
1
¢('T)d'T
(n-l) !
o

'T is an instant of time between 0 and To, To is the period of heredity

(¢('T) = 0 for 'T > To), and ¢('T) is the memory function which can be found
from the experimental data.
If the coefficients Pn with n > 1 can be neglected, Eq 2.13 reduces
to

dE:
o EE: + z.,- (2.14 )
dt

where z., = Pl. Equation 2.14 is the stress-strain relationship of the mater-
ial based on viscous theory. Therefore, viscous theory is included in here-
ditary theory.
In the rheological model shown in Fig 6(a), the internal damping coef-
. \

ficients i\Dl. /ji are re lated to the first time derivative of curvature. Thus

M. = (2.15)
J

gives the relationship between the moment M. and the curvature (jJ. •
J J
Equation 2.15 is used in Program DBC5 for calculating the bending moments
contributed by the flexural stiffness and the internal damping coefficient at
the deformable joint j.
It will be shown in problem 4 described in Chapter 5 that the internal
damping factors have little effect on the solutions of lower frequencies of a
vibrating steel beam. The vibrations at higher frequencies, however, are
damped out with time due to the effects of internal damping and rapid changes
of curvatures.
 21

The external viscous damping force is defined as few. k) = _(De) .w. k

J, J J,
The constant De (in tons per unit velocity, lb-sec/inch, or kip-sec/ft) is
called the coefficient of viscous damping. This type of damping occurs for
small velocities in lubricated sliding surfaces, dashpots, and hydraulic shock-
absorbers. The so-called viscous resistances are produced by the slow motion
of immersed bodies in fluid, either liquid or gas. The value of the coeffi-
cient (De). depends essentially on the nature of the fluid, as well as on
J
the form and the dimensions of the immersed body.
With these two types of damping factors, the Program DBC5 can solve the
problems characterized by the so-called visco-elastic nonlinearity to a great
extent.

L~nearly-Elastic and Nonlinearly-Inelastic Supports

In the discrete-element model, lateral supports of various types can be

represented by either an equivalent linearly-elastic spring or a nonlinearly-
inelastic spring at each of the beam stations. For example, if the beam is
supported by columns or piers, the axial stiffnesses of the columns or piers
can be approximately estimated and included as equivalent linear spring con-
stants. For more reality, the true behavior of many lateral supports can be
better represented by the nonlinear characteristics of the axial resistance-
deflection curves of columns, or piers, and soil supports.
If the beam is laterally supported by a soil foundation, better results
are obtained by using the nonlinear characteristics of the resistance-deflec-
tion curves of the soil than by using the equivalent linear spring constants
of the soil resistances, since these characteristics represent the true be-
havior of the soil supports. In Program DBC5, the nonlinear characteristics
of each lateral support are described by a curve consisting of straight line
segments. Only three types of the nonlinear characteristics of the lateral
supports, symmetric, negative one-way, and positive one-way, are considered
in this work.
The symmetrical nonlinear resistance-deflection curve is shown in Fig 7.
The force developed against the beam-column model by the supports is plotted
on the vertical axis and the model deflection is plotted on the horizontal
axis. For both load and deflection, the positive sense is upward. The posi-
tive and negative one-way resistance-deflection curves are shown in Fig 8.
22

Resistance

I~

0,

Deflection

-04
-0 3 -02
-0 ,

W2
9
..I
~1
.J
WI

F 7. Symmetric resistance-deflection curve.

 23

Resistance
2

Resistance
to Downward
Deflection _ - P \
No Resistance
to Lift-off 6 Deflection

(a) Negative one-way resistance-deflection curve.

Resistance

"'1 Deflection
No Resistance I
to Lift-off ,---- Resistance to I
Upward I
Deflection I
I
I
5 16

(b) Positive one-way resistance-deflection curve.

F 8. One-way resistance-deflection curves.

24

For the negative one-way support, resistance to deflection is developed only

when deformable joints deflect in the negative or downward direction; for the
positive one-way support, resistance to deflection is developed only when de-
formable joints deflect in the positive or upward direction. In order to be
consistent with the multi-element model (see Chapter 3) used to simulate the
nonlinear resistance-deflection curve of the supports, several limitations
are placed on the nonlinear characterization:

(1) The curve must pass through the origin.

(2) The curve must be continuously concave as viewed fr~n the horizontal
axis, except that horizontal lines of zero stiffness can be input
for representing ideally plastic behavior.
(3) No softening of supports is permitted; that is, no reversal of
slope sign of the segments on the support curve is p,ermitted.

Stability of the Implicit Operator

Reference 10 has shown that when a uniform beam with well-defined boundary
conditions under free vibration is analyzed using the implicit operator of the
Crank-Nicolson form, the solution is stable for all positive v,a1ues of EI ,
p, h, and ht.
, .\
I f the same beam, with internal damping (Dl.)j lumped at joints, is
under free vibration, the quadratic equation for evaluation of the stability
criterion becomes

if; r, 2 92
e , 2 2J
l_ 4(F+D)(cos ~ -1) + q
n

r 4(F-D) (cos
+1 o (2.16)
L 4(F+D)(cos

where

F ;;;
EI
i
D ::::: (D ) ./ht
J

3
q2 ::::: 2 Ph /h2
t
 ) ~
'- .)

The derivation of Eq 2.16 is included in Appendix C.

From Eq 2.16, the condition for bounded solutions as time approaches in-
finity becomes

2 2 2 2
l6(F -D )(cos ~ -1) + 8Fq > 0 (2.17)
n

The above inequality is true, since D is usually less than F for a reasona~'

ble time increment length h

, and the positive value of the term 8Fq2 is
t 2
.
a 1ways greater th an t h e negatlve va 1ue 0 f t h e term l6(F - D2) (cos p,~ _1)2
n
when h is extremely small.
t
For more complicated cases, such as a beam with internal damping, non-
linear spring supports, and rotational restraints under forced vibration, the
analytical proofs for the stability of the implicit operator are not feasible.
However, stable numerical solutions have been obtained for most complex prac-
tical problems that are physically stable. For beams with nonlinear supports
under forced vibration, cautious selection of a reasonably small time increment
length (for instance, less than 1/10 of the fundamental period) must be made,
since the basic assumption of the Crank-Nicolson implicit formula is that the
time-dependent forcing function and the time variant nonlinear springs are
smoothly varied with time. Extremely small time increment length is not
possible for most practical problems due to the present limitation of a maxi-
mum of 1000 time stations provided in Program DBC5.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
"#$%!&'()!*)&+',)%!'-!$-.)-.$/-'++0!1+'-2!&'()!$-!.#)!/*$($-'+3!
44!5"6!7$1*'*0!8$($.$9'.$/-!")':!
 CHAPTER 3. RESISTANCE-DEFLECTION CURVES FOR THE lATERAL SUPPORTS

Three types of lateral supports are considered in this work: linearly-

elastic, nonlinearly-elastic, and nonlinearly-inelastic. Chapter 2 discusses
how the nonlinear support characteristics can be reasonably described by non-
linear resistance-deflection curves which are approximated by a series of
straight-line segments. This chapter introduces two multi-element models each
of which is made up of several sub-elements that can be used to simulate the
nonlinearly-inelastic characteristics of either a symmetric or a one-way re-
sistance-deflection curve. A short discussion of the Baushinger effect (Refs 9
and 11) as it relates to the formation of the loading paths of nonlinearly-
inelastic resistance-deflection curves is included. Finally, a systematic
approach to tracing the loading paths of nonlinearly-inelastic resistance-
deflection curves in dynamic problems is explained.

Multi-Element Models

A multi-element model consisting of several parallel sub-elements for

simulating the symmetric resistance-deflection curve is shown in Fig 9(a).
Each sub-element has a linear spring connected in series with a Coulomb fric-
tion block. The sub-elements are assumed to behave as perfectly elastic-
plastic and their resistance-deflection curves are shown in Fig 9(c). We see
that it is possible to represent a symmetric resistance-deflection curve with
a number of perfectly elastic-plastic simple elements in parallel. Buckling
and fracture phenomena are not considered in this work. Now let us study the
behavior of the sub-elements. If the multi-element model is starting to de-
form downward, all of the four sub-springs will deform elastically and the
resistance will be built up to point A, as shown in Fig 9(b).
At this point the resistance force in the sub-spring Sl is just equal to
the friction force created at the sliding surface of the Coulomb friction
block. Beyond the point A the entire sub-element 1 will slide and no resist-
ance, therefore, will be taken by this sub-element. If the model continues to
deform downward the resistance will be taken by sub-springs S Sand S
2' 3' 4

27
28

Multi - Element Model

Gravity Force
K'!!r-
<1>><
IDe::(

.
w

SI ~ Sub-springs

Fixed Datum Plane

- Joint of
Beam - Column

Fric tion Ellocks

E
I
D S
~c
Resistance1 Sliding Surfaces
(a) Resistance
I I S3+ S4
I B E
I I S2+ S3+ S4
I I Deflection
I I A I •
I
I
I I
I I I SI +S2+ S3 +S4
Lw
I e
+
A' E'

I I I Deflection I

Deflection
•
,'------
B'
D' E' +

Procedure of Constructing the Above

Curve From (c)
1. Use slope SI + S2 + S) + S4 and deflec- Deflection
tion We to construct pOints A and A';
2. Use slope S2 + S) + S4 and deflection ~"'----
Wb to construct points Band B';
C'
3. Use slope S) + S4 and deflection We to +
construct pOints C and C';
RE!sistance
4. Use slope S4 and deflection Wd to con-
struct points D and D';
5. Extend from pOint D to point E and from
point D' to point E' by using zero slope Deflection
~

and deflection We'

(b) ~D'
(c)

Fig 9. Multi-element model of symmetric nonlinear

resistance-deflection curve of the support.
 29

up to point B. At point B the sub-element 2 will start to slide. Beyond the

point B the resistance will be taken by sub-springs 53 and 54 up to point C.
At point C the sub-element 3 will also start to slide. Beyond point C the
resistance will be taken only by sub-spring 54 up to point D. Finally at
point D the entire support will start to yield plastically and offer no more
resistance to the deflection. Based on the above assumption, a continuously-
straight-line-segment curve which represents the nonlinear characteristics of
the support can be easily obtained by the summation of all ideally elastic-
plastic resistance-deflection curves of the sub-elements. The procedure of
constructing such a curve is shown in Fig 9(b). Theoretically, the more seg-
ments there are in a curve, the smoother the representation of the nonlinear
characteristics will be. Practically, however, a symmetric curve that consists
of a maximum of 19 straight-line segments (9 sub-elements) is suitable to rep-
resent the nonlinear characteristics.
A multi-element model, as shown in Fig 10(a), is used to simulate the
negative one-way resistance-deflection curve. The model is similar to the one
used in the symmetric case except that there is no connection between the
springs and the friction blocks. The spring-blocks work the same way as the
ones used in the symmetric case when the deflection is downward (negative).
While the deflection is upward (positive), the springs lift off the friction
blocks and therefore no resistances can be built up in the sub-springs. Once
the sub-springs are contacting the friction blocks again, the resistances in
the sub-springs will again begin to build up and the spring-blocks act exactly
as if the model is deflecting downward. The procedure of constructing a nega-
tive one-way curve from the individual sub-elements is shown in Fig 10(b).
The same multi-element model as shown in Fig 10(a) can be used to simu-
late the positive one-way resistance-deflection curve. In this case, the
support model is to the right of (or above) the joint of beam-column; there-
fore, the sub-springs disconnect from the friction blocks and exhibit no re-
sistances while the deflection is downward (negative).

Baushinger Effect of Nonlinear Resistance-Deflection Curve

If a specimen of mild steel is subjected to compression after a previous

loading in tension, the applied compression stress, combined with the residual
stress induced by the preceding tensile test, will produce yielding in the
most unfavorably oriented crystals before the average compressive stress
')0

Multi - Elemenf Model ~'~r---W

~~
Gravity Force .
S, ",r;;:- Sub- spnngs

Fixed Datum Plane ~~~ r- Joinf of

I Beam - Column
II--~//Il_-

C(lntact Knobs
Friction Blocks
E Sliding Surfaces
(a) Resistance
E
Deflection
...
E(
I
I
+
Deflection I
I

Deflection :
'"
E',
I

+
I
Procedure of Constructing the Resistance I
Above Curve From (c2 I
C I
. I
1. Use slope 8 1 + 8 2 + 83 + 8 4 and deflec- Def lectlonl
tion Wa to construct pOint A; If'
E'
2. Use slope + 8 3 + 84 and deflection I
I
Wb to construct pOint B; I
3. Use slope + 8 4 and deflection We I
+ I
to construct point C;
4. Use slope 84 and deflection Wd to con-
Resistance I
I
struc t point D; I
I
5. Extend from point D to point E and
from point 0 to point E' by using zero Deflectio{
slope and deflection We'
E'
(b)

(c)

Fig 10. }iulti-element model of one-way resistance-deflection

curve of the support.
 31

reaches the value at which slip bands would be produced in a specimen in its
original state. Thus, the tensile test cycle raises the elastic limit in ten-
sion, but lowers the elastic limit in compression. This phenomen is called
the Baushinger effect (Refs 9 and 11).
From the multi-element models shown in Fig 9(a) and Fig 10(a), we can
see that each individual sub-element is allowed to slide during the loading-
unloading process. As a result of sliding or plastic deformation produced on
loading, a system of residual resistances is introduced on unloading. Obvious-
ly, these residual resistances will influence the deformation produced by sub-
sequent loads. Now let us study the so-called Baushinger effect based on the
multi-element models shown in Fig 9(a) and Fig 10(a). For simplicity, con-
sider a single spring support which has a nonlinear symmetric resistance-
deflection curve with only three segments of resistances as shown in Fig ll(b).
The nonlinear spring can be constructed by a multi-element model consisting
of only two sub-elements each with an ideally elastic-plastic resistance-
deflection curve as shown in Fig ll(c) and Fig ll(d). If a vertical load Q
l
is applied downward to the spring, it will produce resistances Rl and R2
in the sub-springs Sl and S2 ,respectively. Thus,

QlSl
Rl = (3.1)
(Sl+S2)

QlS2
R2 = (3.2 )
(S 1+S2)

By gradually increasing the load Q we reach the condition at which the

l
friction block in the sub-element 1 starts to slide while the sub-spring S2
continues to deform elastically. This condition corresponds to point A in
Fig lIb. If at point A the deflection is equal to a value wI' then the
corresponding resistance RA is found from the equation

= (3.3 )
32

(<l ) S,
Sliding Surface
Normal Forces

Coulomb Fricti()n
Block
Resistance

_L
Rs
-r
(b)

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I I
Sub-element I ResIstance
I '
I I
(c) I i Deflection
--~~~--~~~~--~+-~

i
I
l
I
:+ I
I
. I
ReSlstancel
Sub-element 2

(d) Rs2 Deflection

Fig 11. Baushinger effect of symmetric non linear resistance-

deflection curve of the support.
 33

If we continue to increase the load, the sub-element 1 will slide and exhibit
no resistance, and the additional resistance RB will be taken by the sub-
spring S2 • The additional resistance ~ corresponding to the deflection
will be

(3.4)

The relation between ~ and is shown in Fig 11(b) by the inclined line
AB. If we begin unloading the model after reaching point B on the diagram,
both sub-springs Sl and S2 will behave elastically and the relation between
the removed resistance and the upward displacement will be given by Eq 3.3.
In the diagram we therefore obtain the line BC parallel to OA, and the
total vertical displacement upward during unloading is

(3.5 )

Substituting Eq 3.3 into Eq 3.5 yields

(3.6)

From Eq 3.4 we obtain

(3.7)

Comparing Eqs 3.6 and 3.7, we find that w2 is greater than w3 • We see
that because of the sliding of sub-element 1, the model does not return to
its initial state and the permanent set OC is produced. The magnitude of
the permanent set is found from the equation

OC (3.8)
34

Because of this permanent set there will be positive residual resistance

in the sub-spring 8 ' and this resistance will be balanced by the negative
2
residual resistance R~ • The magni tudE~s 0 f R~
in the sub-spring 8 and
1
R~ can be shown graphically in Fig 11(c) and Fig 11 (d), respeGtive1y.
To show the Baushinger effect let us consider a second cyG1e of loading.
At small values of load both sub-springs deform elastically, and in Fig ll(b)
the second loading process will begin at point C and proceed along the straight
line CB. When we reach point D the sub-spring will be relieved of the
8
1
residual negative resistance R~ and during further loading will have positive
resistance. At point B the positive resistance in the sub-sprtng will 8
1
equal the friction force created by the friction block, and sliding of the
sub-element 1 will begin. It is seen that the sliding resistance of the sub-
element 1 is raised because of the residual resistances. The Bliding resist-
ance was at point A with resistance RA in the first cycle and at point B
with resistance RA + ~ in the second cycle. The process of unloading in
the second cycle is perfectly elastic and follows the line BC •
Let uS now reverse the direction of the force and apply an upward load
Q1. The deformation will then proceed along the straight lin(~ CE, which is
a continuation of line BC • At point E the total negative resistance is
RA - RB ' and the negative resistance in the sub-spring 8 is equal to the
1
friction force created by the friction block. As the load is increased, the
deformation proceeds along the line EF. If the model is unloaded after
reaching point F. it will return to the initial state represented by point
O. It is seen that by loading the model downward to point B, the positive
sliding resistance in the sub-spring 81 was increased from liA to RA + ~ •
At the same time the negative sliding resistance in the sub-sp:ring Sl was
diminished from RA - ~. This illustrates the Baushinger effect.
to
The area of the parallelogram OABCEFO gives the amount of me :;hanica1 energy l

lost per cycle. The same concept discussed above can be expanded to a model
consisting of any number of sub-elements.
For a negative one-way resistance-deflection curve as sh01.... n in Fig 12b,
the Baushinger effect for this model can be illustrated by the loading paths
indicated by the parallelogram OABCO and the area defined by OAB'DEFO •
Notice that unless the model reaches the condition at which both sub-elements
are sliding during the loading process (point D) there will be no permanent
set after unloading from point B in the diagram. This is because the sub-spring
 35

(a) SN -
Contact Knobs
. . . . 1ff4Ai
Normal Forces
Coulomb Friction Block
Sliding Surface

t Resistance

5 1+5 2

0 Deflection
(b)
I !

II
Resistance
Sub -element I
-~~-......

Deflection
(c)

Sub-element 2 ,t Resistance

52
I 1
Def lection
(d)

Fig 12. Baushinger effect of negative one-way resistance-

deflection curve of the support.
36

Sl and the friction block are disconnected after reaching the point C in the
diagram, and hence no residual resistance can be built up in the sub-spring
Sl. hTith further unloading the deformation proceeds along the line CO and the
model will return to the initial state represented by point O. At this point,
if we reverse the direction of load, the deformation will proceed along the
new curve line OCBB'D. This is because the sub-spring S1 lifts off the
friction block before reaching the point C.
It is seen that because the sub-springs are able to lift off the friction
blocks, no negative resistances can be built up in the sub-springs and there-
fore the loading paths can generate only on the negative side of deflection.
The above concept also can be expanded to the model which has more than two
sub-elements. The Baushinger effect of a positive one-way resistance-deflection
curve is similar to a negative one-way resistance-deflection curve, except
that the loading paths can generate only on the positive side of the deflection.
A general procedure for tracing the loading paths of either a synnnetric
nonlinear or a one-way resistance-deflection curve of any support which has
more than two sub-elements will be discussed below.

Systematic Approach for Following Loading Paths

In Figs 9(c) and 10(c), we see that the multi-element models for simu-
lating the nonlinearly-inelastic supports can be represented by a number of
ideally elastic-plastic sub-elements. Although it is possible to retain the
ideally e lastic-p lastic res istance-deflection curves of each i::l.dividua 1 sub-
element in the program, a more efficient and easier way is to :retain the over-
all curve which is obtained by the summation of all ideally elastic-plastic
resistance-deflection curves of the sub-elements as shown in Figs 9(b) and
10 (b) •
In Program DBCS, nonlinear supports can be described for .'lny beam station.
The nonlinear resistance-deflection curve of the support is described by a
simple tabular input which generates a curve of straight line segments with a
series of point numbers. After defining the resistance-deflection curve by a
series of points, which are numbered in order, the resistance and deflection
of each point must be retained sequentially in the variables of Q and W ,
respectively. The retained values of the deflection w must be increasing
positively, while that of the resistance Q must be decreasing or equal for
the consecutive points.
 37

A typical symmetric nonlinear resistance-deflection curve is shown in

Fig l3a.
In order to be able to systematically generate the loading paths of the
curve during the loading-unloading process, the slope of each segment, the
projected horizontal (deflection) value and the projected vertical (resistance)
value of each segment must be retained sequentially in the variables of S ,
6w , and 6Q ,correspondingly. Notice that the retained values of the varia-
ble S must be in descending order.
Now let us study the procedure of constructing the new path of the origi-
nal resistance-deflection curve shown in Fig l3(a), when the deformation of
the support starts to reverse its direction at point A as shown in Fig l3(b).'
The systematic procedure consists of (1) drawing line AB parallel to segment
4-5 so that the projected value of line AB on the horizontal axis is equal
T T
to 6W and the projected value on the vertical axis is equal to 6Q
l l
(Z) drawing line BC parallel to segment 3-4 so that the projected value of
T
line BC on the horizontal axis is equal to 6 w and the projected value on
Z
T
the vertical axis is equal to 6QZ , (3) connecting point C to point 7 on
the original curve, and (4) renumbering the new path of the resistance-deflec-
tion curve as 1, Z, 7 as shown in Fig l3(b).
We see that the number of points on the new curve has been reduced to 7
from 8, which is the previous number of points on the original curve. If the
deformation of the support again starts to reverse its direction at point A',
shown in Fig l3(b), another new path of the resistance-deflection curve, num-
bered 1, 2, ••• 6, will be generated by a procedure similar to that described
above, except that three lines, A'B' , B'C' ,and C'D' , are drawn before
the new curve connects to the previous curve.
For a typical negative one-way resistance-deflection curve, as shown in
Fig l4(a) , the logic of tracing two new curves can be shown graphically in
Fig l4(b). The procedure is similar to the one used in the symmetric case.
It is seen that loading paths are generated only by downward (negative) de-
flections and positive resistances. We also see that the second adjusted
curve is generated when the deformation of the support, after going back to
the initial state at the end of the first loop, continues to proceed along the
line 5CBA2A' and starts to reverse its direction at point A'. The deforma-
tion at point A' is greater than the deformation at point A, where the first
Jh

.~
Slope 6wT 6Q T I I
No. S (Total) (Total) Segment
I 3000 0.2 600 4-5
2 2000 0.2 400 3-4,5-6
2-3,6-7
3
4
16~7 0.6
0.6
400
0 1-2,7-8
I

(a)

-10
I

(b)

Fig 13. Logic of tracing hysteresis loops for symmetric

nonlinear resistance-deflection curve.
 39

Resi stance (Q)

2 Slope
S
b.wT b.OT Segment
IOxl0 No. notal) (Totol)
2 I 3000 01 300 4-5
2 1500 0.2 :DO 3-4
3 667 03 200 2-3
4 0 1.0 0 i
1-2,5-6

10 as
r Detlection (W)
I
I
I
101---
4 =0.7 ----.I
l:J. W

0---0--0 Ori gi na I Cu rve

(1,2,----6)
(a)
• • • First Adjusted Curve
(OJ, f2l ,--- [Z] )
~ Second Adjust~ Curve
Resistance ( Q ) (&, £ ,---~)

tJ.. 2

- 1.0 1-05
I . I
I
II I
Deflection ( W)
I I I I I

::!~
I

(b)

Fig 14. Logic of tracing hysteresis loops a negative

one-way resistance-deflection curve.
40

adjusted curve started. The logic of tracing the loading paths of a positive
one-way resistance-deflection curve is similar to the one used in a negative
one-way resistance-deflection curve, except that the loading p,aths are on the
positive side of the deflection.
A detailed flow chart re lating to the FORTRAN logic, whidl is used in
the program, of tracing the loading paths of the nonlinearly-inelastic resist-
ance-deflection curves of the support will be found in Appendix F.
 CHAPTER 4. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM DBC5

General

Program DBC5 is written in FORTRAN language for Control Data Corporation

(CDC) 6600 computers. With minor changes, the program would be compatible
with IBM 7090 computers and with other systems. Four available FORTRAN sub-
routines are included in the program:

(1) INTERP3 (Ref 5) for interpolating the input data,

(2) TICTOC (Ref 5) for evaluating the computation time,
(3) SPLOT9 for plotting the results by using the printer plotting method,
and
(4) ZOTI for plotting the results by using the microfilm or ball-point
paper plotting method.

The program uses in-core storage which requires 58,500 words. Although
the use of auxiliary tapes will reduce the storage, it raises the computation
time to a great extent due to tape operations; therefore, the in-core solution
method has been chosen rather than using many auxiliary tapes. A summary flow
chart of the program is presented in Fig 15. The definitions of symbols used
in the program and a listing of the program with several general flow charts
are included in Appendix E and Appendix F. Subroutines SPLOT9 and ZOTI were
developed particularly for the highway research projects at The University of
Texas at Austin.

Procedure for Data Input

A guide for data input is included in Appendix D. The guide is designed

so that additional copies may be furnished as separately bound extracts for
routine use. A parallel study of the guide will help the reader to understand
the following discussion.
Any number of problems may be stacked and run together. The sequence of
problems is preceded by two cards which describe the run. The first card of
each problem contains the problem number and a brief description of the problem

41
42

I START I
I
IREAD & PRINT Input Data I
I
Advance time stepl
I
Dynamic load for time stepl
\.
y
Iterate with spring and load I Form coefficient matrixl
(or load only) for closure I
at each time step lcomput~ deflection~
recurs~on procedure

N~ Closure?

Yes
Support curve Yes
adjustment necessary?
I No
I Computeslopes, moments, shears, support ]
reactions for previous time step
I
I Reta in informa tion for plots I
I
I PRINT iterational monitor deflections I
and computed results
I
Return for new time step'
I
I Plot results if requested'
I
ISTOP I

Fig 15. Summary flow chart of DBC5 program.

 43

The program continues working problems until a blank problem number or an

error is encountered; then the run is terminated.

Tables of Input Data

Table 1 is the data-control table. It consists of a single card which

must be input for each problem. The number of cards in the remaining tables
and the hold options of these tables are specified in this table. The hold
options for the various tables are independent of each other, but care must
be exercised to insure that the data in the various tables are compatible.
For example, if a previous 40-increment problem had a distributed load from
station 0 to station 40, then the user should not change the total number of
increments in the new problem to some number less than 40 unless he erases
the loads pas t the end of the new beam.
Table 2 contains

(1) number of increments into which the beam-column is divided,

(2) beam increment length,
(3) number of increments into which the time axis is divided,
(4) time increment length,
(5) printing option for the computed results,
(6) number of monitor beam stations which are requested for printing
the computed results,
(7) iteration switch to show whether or not the problem has nonlinear
supports,
(8) number of monitor beam stations which are requested for printing
the iteration data,
(9) option to choose the method of plotting the results, and
(10) option of using lines or points for the plots.

If the number of time increments is 0, the problem is considered to be a

static case and the complete results of the static solution will be printed
at every beam station. In this case, two kinds of plots, which have either
deflection or moments for the vertical axis and beam stations for the hori-
zontal axis, may be requested by inputing "0" for the time station in Table 9.
For any station in the beam, a deflection, slope, or both, in either the
initial or the permanent condition, may be specified in Table 3. If an initial
condition of deflection, slope, or both is specified, it will be disregarded
44

after the dynamic solutions are started. A specified deflection is equivalent

to a single lateral support that is very stiff and is unable to deform freely.
A fixed-end support can be simulated in the computer by the specifica-
tion of a permanent zero deflection and a permanent zero slope at the same
beam station. The ability to specify a permanent deflection other than zero
provides the user with a simple method of studying problems in which the sup-
ports settle. The ability to specify an initial deflection other than zero,
on the other hand, provides the user with capability to study dynamic problems
with initial displacements. Due to the method of simulation (see Fig 5), the
specified slopes and deflections must conform to the following minimum spacing
requirements:

(1) A slope may not be specified closer than three increments from
another specified slope.
(2) A deflection may not be specified closer than two increments from a
specified slope, except that both a slope and deflection may be
specified at the same beam station.

Slope and deflection conditions may be specified at no more than 20 beam

stations. Each specification requires a separate card. The c.ards may be
stacked in any order within the table.
Fixed loads and restraints are described in Table 4. The input values
are beam stiffness, fixed static loads, linear support springs, static axial
thrusts, rotational restraints, and applied couples. Couples and rotational
restraints appear only as concentrated effects, while axial trrusts are usually
distributed. The remaining values may be either concentrated or distributed.
The method used for the description of distributed data is illustrated in
Appendix D. All of the input values of Table 4 are accumulated algebraically
in storage. Therefore, there are no restrictions on the order of the cards,
except that within a distribution sequence, the beam stations must be in
ascending order. Axial thrusts must be described in the same manner as other
values in this table because there is no provision in the program for auto-
matically distributing the internal effects of an externally applied axial
thrust. For example, an axial thrust applied to the ends of the beam-column
must be specified as either an axial tension or an axial compression at each
interior beam station. The number of cards accumulated in Table 4 cannot
exceed 100.
 45

Table 5 is used to describe the lumped mass densities, the lumped internal
damping [actors, and the lumped external damping factors ~t beam stations.
Data in this table are input the same as in Table 4. The maximum allowable
number of cards accumulated in this table is 100.
Time-dependent axial thrusts are input in Table 6 as values applying to
designated bars. The values of time-dependent axial thrusts specified in this
table may vary linearly both in the beam axis direction and in the time axis
direction. There are no restrictions on the order of cards, except that beam
stations which are stated as the starting station and the ending station in
the same card must be in ascending order. A concentrated effect of time-
dependent axial thrust at a beam station is not permitted to be stated in this
table since it would have no physical meaning.
The method used for the description of distributed data is also illus-
trated in Appendix D. The number of cards accumulated in this table cannot
exceed 100.
Table 7 is used to describe time-dependent lateral loadings applied at
the station points. The variation and the distribution of the input data are
the same as in Table 6, except that the concentrated effect of the lateral
load at a single station is allowed in this table. The number of cards accu-
mulated in this table cannot exceed 100.
Nonlinear resistance-deflection curves of the supporting beam stations
are input in Table 8. Every particular nonlinear support curve is described
by three consecutive cards. The values input on the first card are resistance-
multiplier, deflection-multiplier, number of pOints, symmetry option, deflection-
tolerance, and resistance-tolerance. The values input on the second card are
resistance values which are multiplied by the resistance-multiplier to obtain
the final resistances of each point on the curve. The values input on the
third card are deflection values which are multiplied by the deflection-
multiplier to obtain the final deflections of each point on the curve.
There are no restrictions on the order of support curves, except that
within any distribution sequence, the beam stations must be in regular order.
More than one curve may be placed at a beam station. The maximum number of
support curves cannot exceed 20 (60 cards).
Four kinds of plots may be requested by inputing the name of the hori-
zontal axis, the name of the vertical axis, the particular beam or time sta-
tion, and the multiple plot switch in Table 9. As many as five of the same
46

kinds of plots, each of which is described by one separate card, may be

superimposed by using the multiple plot switch. There are no restrictions
on the order of cards, except that beam or time stations must be in regular
order within a sequence of the same kind of plots. Superimposed plots must
all be of the same kind. The maximum number of cards input in this table can-
not exceed 10.
Three kinds of plotting methods, namely printer plots, mierofilm plots,
and ball-point paper plots, are built into the program. The s,.itch which
tells the program to choose one of the above three methods for plots is input
in Table 2. Various plot options are illustrated in example problems described
in Chapter 5.

Error Messages

Program DBC5 provides many checks for common types of data errors as well
as for particular errors which occur due to either violations of FORTRAN logic
or solution errors considered by the program.
Conditions which are considered to be of the type of data errors are

(1) the allowable number of cards for an input table is exceeded;

(2) a slope or deflection is specified too close to another slope or
deflection;
(3) data are input at stations beyond the end of the bear~-column;

(4) the station numbers in a distribution sequence are out of order;

(5) the symmetry option is not equal to 1 when only one point is input
on a support curve;
(6) the final values of deflection and resistance, which are input for
defining the points on a support curve, are improperly specified;
(7) the allowable number of nonlinearly supported beam s1:ations is ex-
ceeded;
(8) the number of cards input in Table 8 is not zero when the problem is
a linear case; and
(9) repeated data are input in Table 9.

The conditions which are considered solution errors are

(1) calculated displacements exceed maximum allowable deflection speci-

fied by the user,
(2) calculated displacements exceed limits of support curves during the
iteration process, and
(3) solution does not close within the specified number of iterations.
 47

An error message which defines the error will be printed if any of the
above conditions is encountered.
In addition to the specific error messages, a general purpose error mes-
sage is provided for a number of unlikely errors. If the message lUNDESIGNATED
ERROR STOP I1 is printed, the user must investigate the program to determine
what caused the error. Any error detected by the program will cause the en-
tire run to be abandoned.

Description of Problem Results

The output of results is arranged so that the input quantities of Tables 1

through 9 are available for all problems and are printed with explanatory head-
ings.
Table 10 presents the calculated results which are tabulated according to
the following order:

(1) monitor deflections during the iteration process of the static solu-
tions (none if the problem is a linear case or if the number of
monitor beam stations for printing the iteration data is zero),
(2) complete results of the static solutions,
(3) monitor deflections during the iteration process of the dynamic
solutions at time station 0 (see explanation in the parentheses of
procedure 1,
(4) complete results of the dynamic solutions at time station 0,
(5) monitor deflections during the iteration process of the dynamic
solutions at this time station (see explanation in the parentheses
of procedure 1),
(6) monitor or complete results of the dynamic solutions at this time
station, and
(7) repeat outputs of procedures 5 and 6 until the last time station
specified in this problem is encountered.

The proper headings are printed at the top of the outputs of each pro-
cedure described above.
If printout of the calculated results are not requested, the message
I1PRINTING RESULTS IS NOT REQUESTED I1 will be printed under the headings of
Table 10.
48

Plots of Results

Options are available which allow the user to obtain plot~; of the
deflections or moments along either beam or time axis. Three kinds of plot-
ting methods, namely printer plots, mircofilm plots, and ball-point plots,
are available in the program. Both microfilm and ball-point p~ots fit in an
8-inch by 9-inch space. The optimum scales for the plots, both horizontal and
vertical, are automatically selected by the program. Two fictitious points,
one with the minimum horizontal and vertical values of all the points to be
plotted on a single frame and the other with the maximum horizontal and verti-
cal values, are plotted on the microfilm or ball-point plots for the purpose
of choosing the proper vertical scale. These two fictitious pJints are not in
the stored values of the points to be plotted on this frame and, therefore,
should be disregarded. An example plot of the deflections alo'~g the time axis
for inelastically supported mass under free vibration is shown in Fig 16. The
plot in Fig 16 is made using the ball-point plotting method; t~e problem num-
ber and the identification of the plot variables are printed beneath the plot.
The plot variables which identify either a microfilm plot or a ball-point plot
include three sets of characters. The first set to the right of the problem
number is one of the following four symbols: DVT or MVT (deflection or moment
along time axis for a particular beam station), DVB or MVB (deflection or
moment along beam axis for a particular time station). In the center is either
BEAM STA = or TIME STA On the right are the station numbers for which the
deflections or moments are plotted. The plot in Fig 16 is from Example Prob-
lem 1, described in Chapter 5. Another example plot, which is plotted using
the microfilm plotting method, is shown in Fig 17. In this example, the
moments along the time axis for the mid-point of a three-span beam on which
an AASHO standard 2-D truck is moving with a speed of 60 mph is plotted on
the microfilm, which then can be developed on an enlarged magnetic print. The
plot is from Example Problem 3, described in Chapter 5. Many more ball-point
plots which have more than one curve plotted on one frame can be found in
Example Problem 5, described in Chapter 5.
A typical example plot which is plotted by using the printer plotting
method is shown in Fig 18. The printer plotting method plots the horizontal
axis vertically on the sheet. The plot is from Example Problem 6, described
in Chapter 5. Different symbols (as many as five) are used on each frame of
 ..
CI
t
.!..

+ 1
~j tV.
I :
;~J ~ Deflection versus Time

proble~l
0- Station number
UJ n',
number'" CJ v
T BE"RI'-,
- . ,
('Tr'
-' j
-::

Fig 16. A typical ball-point paper plot.

 VI
o

..C
-

.
o
o
•
20.00 o
•
:1 ~
~~Moment versus Ti~ Station number

~ ~
Problem
number BEA" STA =
Fig 17. A typical microfilm plot.
 51

PROr;RA~, ntlC"> - MASIER - ,)t\CK (:H,.,I\I - MI\TLOCK _ nF"CK1-REVIStf'l!\j I'IIITE = 20 .1 11"1 71

t'~Ofll.F""'S FOR ppnr:oA'" f)I1Cc,
t:.Xt>Mt'Lf' RY JACK C'"4AI\! ,/lINf lq7\
UYn/HIC Kt:AM-rnlll"1N PR()~OI\M ( 5-1-C, YMPLliIT ()PF:~I\TnR 1

PRO~ (CO"ITlJl
b TtiPEf-'3P>I"I 8EAM ·>lIT'" ONF"_WA'I' ANO C:;VMMFTRTC NONl r'-JF"Ao C:;lIP lOAUED ;:Iy T.p
-- .... - PlOr OF I)EFlECTIO"1 VC; T!~F" HlP RI='AM <::ThTTI'PIiS OFt ...... _

CURVF ,.) =
::;;
I{

2 I"'UkVF" (. )
11

PT.NO o"Allli;-"

-1 -1.3Ur-lf, •
0 -b.!'>OlF"-17
•
1 -6. bb~F"-O:l • -r
? -1.b13/:-U2 • .or
3 _2.~91F-O?
• ·r
4 -4.!:>76F"-IJ? • • T
5 -J.47,+F"-J2 • 0
T
6 -1.71':lC"-v?
_e.odbl='_,)4
• -r
7
g
• 0
-3.0.31 F" -,) 3 *T •
9
11)
-1.4t1!:>>'-O? or •
-1. 73i'lF"-')2
-".0 30 "'_)2
• oy
11 • O!
12 -3.5boF"-12 • ". T
13 -3.C1'10F"-O? • T
14 -3 ... 2"/:-,)2 I> T
1 ') -1.0'1:'/:-02 • or
16 7. b12 F - ,13 ...
17 -3. 9'17F-(; 1 or •
lA - 3. 4!:.dF-')2
_3.b 44 ,_)2
. t
19 • ° o!Y
20 -2. 72'-fF"-·12 •
-1.94~E'-1)2
21
22 -5. Ut;4F-')3
• *T
23 i:I.:'O)Fw,)3
or •
3.0'1":1f.'-03 °
24
25 -2. '1jU-p
* •
or
co - 3. 0 b 'I '" - ,) ;: • or
n 1.bbcF-02
• *
28 4.137F"-J? • Til.
29
30
-1. !:Sd2F-'!2
-H.?'+lF"-O?
*r •
31 -1. 3bl:\F"-I!? ° r •
°T.
32 6.972F"-02 • T I>
33
34
4.04<1F"-<J?
-h.4!:>UF-v2
• . T*
35 -B.3itt.>F"_)2
• T
36 9.59'-1I:-J<
(t
T •
7.1211'"-q?
* •
37 T " •
38 4.2 41lF-02 • !*
39
40
-b. 1 !:>YE-I) 2
-7. St;4F-'"I;:>
• It r
• * 1

Fig 18. A typical printer plot.

52

the printer plots for identifying different curves superimposed on this frame.
The identifications of the plot variables (such as description of program and
run, problem number and problem description, description of the type of the
plots, and beam stations or time stations) are printed on the cop of each
frame of plots. The numerical values printed vertically to the left of the
plots are those of the first plot on this frame. The scale of the vertical
(deflection or moment) axis is not plotted on the plots, and the horizontal
(beam or time station) axis is scaled equally for each point on the plots and
plotted by the symbols I. A series of numbers corresponding to the beam or
time stations is printed vertically on the left end of the plots for the pur-
pose of indexing. The printer plots fit on 8-l/2-inch by ll-i~ch standard
letter-size paper.
 CHAPTER 5. EXAMPLE PROBLEMS

In this chapter seven example problems are solved by Program DBCS.

Problems 1 and 2 each have two different cases and Problem 4 has three differ-
ent caSes. Problems 1 and 1A demonstrate the validity of the program in pre-
dicting the formation of hysteresis loops on the nonlinear resistance-
deflection curve of the spring which supports a freely vibrating mass.
Problems 2-1 and 2-2 present a comparison between the numerical solutions
solved by DBC5 and the theoretical solutions of vibrating beams illustrated
in Ref 12, pages 375 and 378. Problem 3 demonstrates the capability to use
the computed dynamic tire forces of a moving truck from another available com-
puter program as input data in Program DBC5 to predict the dynamic responses
of a highway structure. Problem 4 compares the experimental data with the
computed results of a simply supported steel rod under axial pulses. Problem 5
demonstrates the capability to predict the response of off-shore piles to wave
forces. The solution of a three-span beam (30 beam increments) which is
simply supported at the ends and loaded by a transient pulse at station 17 is
illustrated in Problem 6. Finally, Problem 7 demonstrates the capability to
predict the response of a partially embedded pile to earthquake-induced forces.
A listing of input data is included in Appendix G, and the sample computer
output listing is included in Appendix H.

Example Problem 1. Inelastically Supported Mass Under Free Vibration

2
Figure 19 shows a mass of density 1.0 Ib-sec /in. supported by a nonlinear-
ly inelastic spring; the mass is loaded by a static load of 100 pounds for the
initial deflection and then released by applying a constant dynamic load of
100 pounds. The weight of the mass is neglected. The nonlinear characteris-
tics of the resistance-deflection curve of the spring are also shown in Fig 19.
3
Time increment length is equal to 6.283 X 10- second, which is approximately
1/100 of the natural period. The vibration of the mass is solved at 800 time
stations. This first problem is intended to provide confidence in the proposed
multi-element models to predict the loading paths of the nonlinear-inelastic

53
54

Problem 1 Frob lem

2
density 1.0 lb-sec lin
100 lb
-100 lh/each time sta
Number of beam increments 1
SN Beam increment length = 1 inch
Number of time increments = 800
Time increment length ~
-3
6.283 X 10 seconds

Nonlinearly-Inelastic Resistance-Deflection Curve of SN

Resistance (Q)
2 LB
------ 120

60

36

Deflection (W)
.8 2 10
----~--J\~~----------+--4-4~~~--+---------_+----~~ I ..
I I
10 I I
I I
I I
I I
I
-36 I
, I
I
I
I I
I I
-60 ----- 8 I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
II I
I
I 1
I 1
19 110
-120 --------------~--""'____J,

19. Example Problems 1 and lAo Inelastically s..lpported

mass under free vibration.
 55

support. From the computer output, a plot of deflections versus support

reactions can be obtained, as shown in Fig 20.
It is seen that due to partial yielding of the support at the beginning,
a hysteresis loop is formed in each cycle of vibration and mechanical energy
is lost in each loop. The mechanical energy lost from point A to point J in
Fig 20 is equal to the area defined by JKEFGHIJ, which is equivalent to the
difference between the summation of the areas defined by ALDCBA and DEFPD and
the summation of the areas defined by FPNHGF and JMNIJ. Therefore, the de-
flections are damping out with time until the response finally becomes a free
elastic vibration within the range of greatest stiffness. This can be proved
from the tabular output of the program when large time increment lengths
-2
(6.283 X 10 second) are used. The computer plot of deflections versus time
is shown in Fig 21.

Example Problem lAo Free Vibration of Mass by Specifying Initial Displacements

An additional run on the preceding problem was made by specifying an

initial displacement of 3 inches instead of applying a static load for the
initial deflection. From the plot of support reactions versus deflections
(Fig 22), it is seen that a permanent set is obtained because of initial
yielding of the support. The mass is finally freely vibrated at a position
about a mean permanent upward deflection of approximately 1 inch. This can be
shown in the computer plot of deflections versus time in Fig 23.

Example Problem 2-1. Lateral Vibration of a Simply Supported Beam with Axial
Compression Force

Figure 24 shows a simply supported beam which is compressed with an axial

force of 3.70 X 105 pounds and placed under free vibration by specifying an
initially deflected sine curve for which the maximum deflection at the center
is 3.952 inches. The beam is 120 inches long and has a uniform flexural stiff-
9 2
ness of 1.08 X 10 1b-in The beam is divided into 10 elements, each is 12
-1 2
inches long. The mass density of the beam is 1.085 X 10 1b-sec /in./sta.
The number of time increments is 200, and the time increment length is
4
3.752 X 10- seconds. The theoretical natural period of the vibration is
2
3.752 X 10- seconds (Ref 9, p 375).
 Inelosfically Supported Moss Resistance (Q)
Under Free Vibration LB
~ Original Q W Curve of SN
~
0-- -0
I 100
I ~ )(-X-il 1st Hysteresis Loop
I ~ ~ 2nd Hysteresis Loop
I +--t-+ 3rd Hysteresis Loop
I I~ Mechanical Energy Lost from A to J
I 50 = Area Defined by J KEFGHIJ
,!
I

I
!
I
!~~~O _______________ ~_+__. _________~~~~~~~____-+~~t·rO________~L______~~
p
-10·0 Deflection ( )I
dr:f= 100 LB at INCH I I

M
E== TIME
-50
I
I
I
I
I
I
J'- I I
"--,,-- I I
I
~I I
100
"-"~!

Fig 20. teres is loops of computed resistance-deflection curve of Example Problem 1.

 - --~I

\ r-"\ ,- r·
) ' ... ' -J.-i

1 CVT Blh'l ':'; h "::

21. Example Problem 1. Response of the nonlinearly supported mass.

58

Resista nce (Q)

Free Vibration of Mass LB
By Specifying Initial
Displacements 150
0--0 Original Q-W Curve of SN
~ x )( First Hysteresis Loop
~-~ ~ Second Hysteresis Loop
100 [}--{}-{] Third Hysteresis Loop
: "\ t - t - t Fourth Hysteresis Loop

i "\ Mechanical Energy Lost from

A to I = Area defined by IJDEFGHI

i \
I \ Deflection (W)
I INCH
-110 -30 -2.0 -\.O
~--4-------~-------4------~~--~~~~~--~-------+I-----~
2.0 3.0 10

l
I
D= 3 in.
-50
\ I
I
\ "\
I
I
I
I
-100 '\ I
"\ 'b----- ~
I

-150

Fig 22. Hysteresis loops of computed resistance-deflection

curves of Example Problem lAo
 \
it
'.l
0\-
, I +
t~
J,
...
+•. .I-
I

) ,

--r---
.i::; _'0:'

C
!

Fig 23. Example Problem lAo Response of the nonlinearly supported mass.
60

9
w E1 1.OS x 10 lb-
1
Uniform EI t tp Beam Mass density 1.OS5 X 10-
T T Axis 2
lb-sec /in/sta
•
I nv
-3.952 sin T
Uh::
I!
12 I'n,
T -3.70 X 105 Ib
Number of beam increments 10
l-- i :: 120 in'-~I..-.l"1 Beam increment length 12 inches

Beam I~ III Number of time increments 200

Sta. 0 9 10 Time increment lE~ngth
-4
3.752 X 10 seconds

Beam d d -3.952 x sin ISo -1.221 inches

l 9

fI,,
Sta. 0 2 3 4 567 8910
1
d d -3.952 x sin 36° -2.323 inches
\ ~I 4 ,
~ d2
J d91
de ,- d
2
d
S
-3.952 X sin - 3 .197 inches
3 7

'*-J-.lJ~
' ( d3d d d
14 5
d~/ d
d
4
5
d
6
-3.952 x sin 72°
-3.952 X sin 90°
-3.759 inches
-3.952 inches

24. Example Problem 2-1. Lateral vibration of a simple supported

beam with axial compression force.
 61

The theoretical responses (Eq d, p 375, Ref 12) and the computed responses
3
based on a time increment length of 3.752 X 10- seconds (1/10 of the natural
period) are plotted for the center of the beam on the computer plot of deflec-
tions versus time for beam station 5, as shown in Fig 25. The responses of
the small time increment length (1/100 of the natural period) are almost per-
fectly matched with the theoretical responses. The responses of the large
time increment length (1/10 of the natural period) show more variation when
compared to the theoretical responses in the first period, and after the first
period are shifted with a phase angle. The more increments, however, the beam
is divided into, the better the results. The computed moments, based on both
small and large time increment lengths along the time axis for the center of
the beam, are shown in Fig 26.

Example Problem 2-2. Lateral Vibration of a Beam on Elastic Foundation

Figure 27 shows the beam in Problem 2-1 resting on an elastic foundation

4
which has a spring constant of 1.2 X 10 lb/in./sta. The beam is under free
vibration with an initially deflected shape of sine curve, in which the maxi-
mum deflection at the center is 6.672 inches. The number of time increments
-4
is 200, and the time increment length is 1.540 X 10 seconds. The theoreti-
2
cal natural period is 1.540 X 10- seconds (Ref 12, p 378).
The comparisons between the computed responses, based on both small and
large time increment lengths, and the theoretical responses (Eq c, p 378,
Ref 12) for the center of the beam are shown in Fig 28. The difference be-
tween the computed responses of the small time increment length (1/100 of the
natural period) and the theoretical responses is slight. The computed moments,
based on both small and large time increment lengths, along the time axis are
shown in Fig 29.

Example Problem 3. Three-Span Beam Loaded with an AASHO Standard 2-D Truck
Moving at a Speed of 60 MPH

This problem demonstrates the capability to input the dynamic tire forces
interpreted from the computer output of the program described in Ref 1 into
Table 7 of Program DBC5 to predict the responses of a three-span beam; the beam
is loaded with an AASHO standard 2-D truck which is moving at a uniform speed
of 60 mph, as shown in Fig 30.
62

_ Theoretical
____ 1/\0 of Noturol
Period
""""" \/100 of Natural
Period

I
I
I
I
g I
I
I
1
I
,I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
j

fig 25. E~.mple y<oblem 2-1. Deflection vs time fo<

the center of beam-
 63

1/10 of Natural Period

~ 1/100 of Natural Period
o
Cl

C)

~J
COl
I
I

o
l*r r ,>
·-<:']1-..1
c.:? I
C)

u
Cl

U
rD.
!

u
(J
C) ,
I..C

Cl!
c' .;
. i
c;
<l i
CJ \
I

CJ
.,-,

21 nv T f3E~ CjTR -= S

Fig 26. Example Problem 2-1. Moment vs time for the· center of beam.
64

9 2
w
l
EI 1.08 X 10 lb-in
1
Mass density 1.085 X 10-
Uniform E I ,<.p Beam
2
Axis lb-sec /in/sta

lDlIDluJ _~.
-6.672 sin
I
~x ~h-12 In.
I 1
Elastic spring constant
4
1.2 X 10 lb/in/sta
Number of beam increments
Beam increment length ~
c 10
12 inches
I-- £. =120 In. 1 ... 1 Number of time increments = 200
~ I I Time increment length ~
Beam 1 1 I
-4
S~. 0 9 10 1.540 X 10 seconds

Initially Deflected Sine Curve

d - 6.672 X sin 18° -2.061 inches

9
0
d -6.672 X sin 36 -3.922 inches
S
d - 6.672 X sin 54° -5.398 inches
7
0
d -6.672 X sin 72 - 6.345 inches
6
0
- 6.672 X sin 90 - 6.672 inches

Fig 27. Example Problem 2-2. Lateral vibration of a beam

on elastic foundation.
 "\
\
\
\
\
. I
;
,
\
\
\
***
Theoretical
1/10 of Natural Period
1/100 of Natural Period

J \
\
1 \
J \
3. J
. \r-
I \
I \
\
I \
I \
I \
\.-: 1
C" : I \
I \
I \
I \
\
I
I

?-2 DVT BEH'! 5TH t:

C!

Fig 28. Example Problem 2-2. Deflection vs time for the center of beam.
 1/10 of Natural Period
~ 1/100 of Natural Period

i
Dl
II

Cl
f 2 nVT BEi>¥1 STP

Fig 29. Example Problem 2-2. Moment vs time for the center of beam.
 67

XI2 2-D Truck

XI Xl 2 153 inches
SIR SIL' 535 lb/in
S 2R S2\.
0 3750 Ib/in
T T 4500 Ib/in
SIR SIL

WI = 74 in ST2R ~ ST21. '" 9000 Ib/in

DIR~DI\"c 7.3 Ib-sec/in
W2=70 in
D2R = D2L ~ 6.7 Ib-sec/in
DljR=DljL 2.8 lb-sec/in
DT2R ~ DT2 L = 5.6 Ib-sec/in

Beam Station 0 10 20 30 40
Static Weights of Wheels Beam Properties
Axle 1 right 3139 lb FI 4.5 X 10 in. Ib-in
Axle 1 left 3012 lb F2 9.0)( 10 in Ib-in
Axle 2 right 7780 Ib S 2.0 X 10 Ib/in
Axle 2 left 7103 lb PI 0.5964 Ib-sec /in/sta
P2 0.2982 Ib-sec /in/sta
S ta t ic Loads of Axles
Beam increment length 60 inches -2
Front 3075 lb Time increment length 5.666 X 10 sec
Rear 7441 Ib
Dynamic Forces of the
Front and Rear Axles

QHLB)

3
- 2xl0

3
-I X/O

o 5 10 15 20 25 35 40 Beam Sta

30. Example Problem 3. Three-span beam loaded by an AASHO

standard 2-D truck moving at a speed of 60 mph.
68

The beam is simply supported at the ends and has a length of 200 feet.
The beam is divided into 40 increments, each of which is 60 inches long. The
two linear springs are located at beam stations 10 and 30 and have a value of
2 X 105 lb/in. The first and third spans of the beam have a uniform flexural
11 2 2
stiffness of 4.5 X 10 lb-in. and a uniform mass density of 0.5964 lb-sec /
in./sta. The second span of the beam has a uniform flexural stiffness of
2 2
9.0 X lOll lb-in. and a uniform mass density of 0.2982 lb-sec /in./sta. The
computer model used in Ref 1 for simulating the AASHO standard 2-D truck is
shown in Fig 30. The input data for the springs and dashpots \>lhich simulate
the tires of the truck and the static weights of the wheels are also shown in
Fig 30. The computed dynamic forces of the four tires are averaged to give
the two axle forces which then are input into Table 7 of Progrc~ DBC5. The
distribution of these two axle forces on both the beam and time axes is shown
in Fig 30. The time axis is divided into 80 increments, each of which has a
-2
length of 5.666 X 10 seconds so that the front axle will move one beam
increment length per time station.
The computed deflections and moments along the time axis Eor the center
of the beam are plotted by the program as shown in Figs 31 and 32, respectively.
The plots are produced on microfilm which then can be enlarged.
A comparison of the dynamic response to the static respon.se of the deflec-
tions along the beam axis is shown in Fig 33. This static res"ponse of the
plot in Fig 33 is computed by specifying the static load of th= front axle at
beam station 21 and the static load of the rear axle at the ce":lter of the bar,
between beam stations 18 and 10; the dynamic response of the plot, therefore,
is the computed deflection along the beam axis for time station 21. The
dynamic effect on the responses of the beam produced by a moving 2-D truck
is fairly small compared to the static responses produced by the same truck.
This is because the dynamic forces generated by the 2-D truck, which is moving
on a smooth pavement, are smoothly varied with time, and therefore there are
small dynamic effects. Any other AASHO standard truck or semi-trailer can be
used in the program described in Ref 1 to generate the corresponding dynamic
tire forces, which then can be input with a limited amount of interpretation
into Table 7 of Program DBC5 to predict the dynamic responses of highway
structures that can be simulated by beam-columns.
 ·
o

t
~

3 OVT 8EAM STA. 20

Fig 31. Example Problem 3. Deflection vs time for the center of beam.
 0

~
~ .

0
•
3~MVT BEAM STA = 20

Fig 32. Example Problem 3. Moment vs time for the center of beam.
 71

-- -------.---- -------.-- - -------,---- ----,-- ---------.-------/--...-,- -

4.00 14.% '9.00 24.:JO ]4.00

Static
,. A " Dynamic

3 DVB TIME 5TR ~ 21

Fig 33. Example Problem 3. Comparison of dynamic to static

response (deflection along the beam axis).
72

Example Problem 4-1. Simply Supported Steel Rod - Axial Pulse Base Time
0.10 Second

In the following three problems, a simply supported steel rod is loaded

by three axial pulses with different peak loads and base time, as shown in
Fig 34. The problem is a real experiment which was done by Matlock and Vora
(Ref 7). The steel rod is 153.75 inches long and 11/16 of an inch in diameter.
The steel rod is divided into 41 increments, each of which has a length of
-3 2
3.75 inches. The mass density of the rod is 1.023 X 10 1b-sec /in./sta.
1
The static weight of the rod is 3.95 X 10- 1b/sta. An internal damping fac-
2
tor of 20 1b-in. -sec is input at each station.
The first axial pulse input for this problem has a peak value of 175
pounds and a base time of 0.10 seconds. The axial pulse was rl~corded on the
oscilloscope in the experiment by Matlock and Vora described i'l Ref 7. The
true axial pulse is described at 20 points by scaling from the recorded output
of strain gages, which then can be input in Table 6 of Program DBC5. The time
-3
increment length is set equal to 5 X 10 seconds and 40 time stations are
solved for this problem.'
Figure 35 shows the comparison of the computed bending monents along the
time axis to the measured bending moments in the experiment for the center
station of the steel rod. It is seen that good agreement exists between the
predicted results and the measured results before 0.9 second, while the mea-
sured bending moments are smaller than the predicted bending moments after
0.9 second. This deviation is mainly due to the assumption that the beam
properties are fully elastic in the dynamic model of Program DBC5. Other
factors, such as the errors obtained by scaling from the recorded output, the
difficulty in establishing the ideal hinged supports, and failure to consider
the axial deformation of the rod, also affect the accuracy of the predicted
results.
An additional curve of the bending moment along the time axis for the
center of the rod, which is computed without inputting the internal damping
factor, is also plotted on Fig 35. Little is changed by ignoring the effect
of the internal damping factor, since the change of the curvature at this
point is very smooth along the time axis. The computed deflections along the
time axis for the center station of the steel rod are plotted by the program,
as shown in Fig 36.
 Hangers
II 116 In. Steel Rod
Axial Pulse Bridge

900 rr Problem 4 - 3
Peak Value:: 850 Ib
[Hammer I II Bending Moment I'
I . I I Bridge ILRubber
800 Aprox.3.75 in.--j r:: 150 In. ~mmmm~_ ~I Spring

--1 t-h =3.75 in.

700 ,Problem 4 2 Beam Station'" 4140 . 20190
~ Peak Value:: 635 Ib
-3 2
Beam Properties Hass density 1.023 X 10 Ib-sec /in/sta
600 2
6 Internal damping 20 lb-in sec/sta
E 30 x 10 psi
Beam increments 41
I 0.01094 in4
-·500 Beam increment length 3.75 inches
105 Ib-in 2
(/)

...
::;)

.t:!
EI 3.28 'X
-1
t- 400 Weigh t 3.95 X 10 Ib/sta
o Problem 4-1 4-2 4-3
)(
<l: Number of time increments 40 300 400
10- 3 sec 5 X 10
300 -4
Time increment length 5 y 10- 3 sec 1 X sec

200 ----- Problem 4 - I

------~~ Peak Value:: 175 Ib
100

O~~~~----~-~--~----~----~------L-----~==~~~==------~
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 .08 .09 .10
Time, seconds

Fig 34. Example Problems 4-1. 4-2, and ~-3. Simply supported steel rod loaded by axial pulses.
.......
w
 0
C!
0
r.£:!
If)

0
0

a
co
'<l'-
I
I
I
0
0 f
0
0
I
...- l
I
0
0 I
0
("
I Experimental
en
I - -- Without internal damping
"I ........ With internal damping
0
0
0
'<l'-
II
N
I
0
I
0

a
I
r.£:!

o
a
a
co

4-1 MVT BERM STR; 20

Fig 35. Example Problem 4-1. Comparison of moments vs time for the center of beam.
 I
01
r" '

~H

0:
ttl ;

';J
/
,I

~J
4-1 OVT BER~ STR = 20
Fig 36. Example Problem 4-1. Deflection vs time for the center of beam.
76

Example Problem 4-2. Simply Supported Steel Rod - Axial Pulse Base Time
0.026 Second

In this problem, the steel rod in the preceding problem i~ loaded by

another pulse with a shorter base time but larger peak value. The base time
of the pulse is 0.026 second and the peak value of the pulse i~: increased to
approximately 635 pounds. The axial pulse is described at 26 points by scaling
from the recorded output of the experiment.
The computed bending moments along the time axis, with and without inter-
nal damping effect, and the measured bending moments are plotted for compari-
son, as shown in Fig 37. Results similar to those for the preceding problem
are observed, but the effect of the internal damping factor is a little
greater than in the preceding problem. Figure 38 shows the canputed deflec-
tions along the time axis for the center station of the steel :cod.

Example Problem 4-3. Simply Supported Steel Rod - Axial Pulse Base Time
0.006 Second

In this problem the loaded axial pulse has a base time of 0.006 seconds
and a peak value of 850 pounds. Again the computed bending mo~ents along the
time axis, with and without internal damping factor, and the measured bending
moments are plotted as shown in Fig 39. Because of the higher frequency of
vibrations, the mode shapes of the beam vary rapidly with time and cause large
variation of curvature; therefore, the effect of the internal damping factor
is much greater than in the preceding two cases. The estimated value of
2
20 Ib-in. sec/sta input for the internal damping factor is higher than the
real value. Figure 40 shows the computed deflections along the time axis for
the center station of the steel rod.

Example Problem 5. Partially Embedded Steel Pipe Pile Loaded by Wave Forces

This problem shows how DBC5 can be used to solve the dyna.mic response of
laterally loaded piles to wave forces. Figure 41 presents a ~teel pipe of
30-inch outside diameter and 28-inch inside diameter which is partially
embedded in the soil to a depth of 80 feet and extends slightly above the sur-
face of the water which is 40 feet deep. The steel pipe is di.vided into 31
increments, ?ach of which has a length of 48 inches. The flexural stiffness
2
of the pipe is 2.877 X 10 inch lb-in. . The mass density of i:he pipe is 3.21
 ---- Experimental
--- Without internal damping
*** With internal damping

,
c
c:1
~1
!
o
u
o

,'--- , - .. ~ --.. - -- _ . , - - - . - - ---,----- -- ---··--.--------~I- - - ---r--.\~--~

4C.:'C; 40~OC 3~·SG ~2C.GS :bC.~~C 2GD.~3 :40·GS ~28.

4-2 MVT BER~ STR 20

Fig 37. Example Problem 4-2. Comparison of moments vs time for the center of beam.
 I ------------.-" ----,-1-- I

lGO.~S 2~U ~S 2~C.~S 320 ~ :;~J

i
1

c:. I

~1

:f'\ I
!
'\.
•

i
S21
~1
I

:JI

4-20VT BERM STR c:: 20

Fig 38. Example Problem 4-2. Deflection vs time for the center of beam.
 I
\
,
1
0 --- Experimental
---- Without internal damping
*** With interna 1 damping

j -,--~-----r--------~-------.-------'

15C. GG ZOO" r: ,>

""V

4-3 MVT BERM STR = 20

Fig 39. Example Problem 4-3. Comparison of moments vs time for the center of beam.
 co
sr-.-S-G~~~I GG--~,);; .. -~;o;;-c-;s-,--!-"s-c ---2SG.SG--------zsC~GS-'--'3C=_; .S-,~-"-·-~~-s--7c~ .
o
.-JO CJC

i,:;1
~1
I

4-3 DVT BlRM STR = 20

Fig 40. Example Problem 4-3. Deflection vs time for the center of beam.
 81

Beam
Sta.
§·!!?r
Q))(
CIl<[
w

Mass= 32.1 EI =,2.877 X 1011 lb-in

2
S Ib-se~in
7------ Time Ma ss dens i ty
2
oJ=-2x 1041b 3.21 1b-sec /in/sta
Force
Current Internal damping factor
Drag Force 6 2
Q 1.918 X 10 lb-in -sec/sta
Qb=-IO Ib 7
II d~~~~~ ~~~~~ --10~""""W
S =3 X 10 Ib/in
10
~ 2.1 X 10 Ib-in/r~d
13- - - -

16---- - -
--
:Of (Soft ClaYJ'----"k----i~: R
QT
d
== -2 x 10
4
Ib

A Qb -1 X 104 lb
d
Beam increments = 31
60 ft. (Stiff Clay) Beam increment length ~ 48 in.

1 +w
I
I Time increments = 400
Time increment length =
31- - - - - -2
1.0 X 10 seconds
-, r-30 in

A28in
Section A-A

Idealized Wave Force at Beam Station 1

3
6.91 X 10 Ib (Sta. 160)

1.91 X 10 3 Ib (Sta. 280)

400 Time Station
o
-4.89 x 1021b (Sta. 310)

-4.122 x 103 Ib (Sta 230)

4 -1.309 x 104 1b (Sta. 60)

-1.6 x 10

Fig 41. Example Problem 5. Partially embedded steel pipe loaded

by idealized wave forces.
82

2 .
1b-sec I~n.
from station 1 to station 31. A large mass, which is arbitrarily
2
set at 32.1 1b-sec lin., is lumped at station 0 to represent the weights of
the structure, equipment, etc. The static weights of the pipe and the large
mass lumped at station 0 are considered to be the axial compreEsion forces,
4 4
which are distributed from 1.220 X 10 pound at station 1 to 4.924 X 10
6 L
pound at station 31. An estimated value of 1.918 X 10 1b-in. :-sec/sta is
input for the internal damping factor.
The pipe is assumed to be simply supported at station 31 and assumed to
7
have a linear spring support of 3 X 10 1b/in. as well as a rotational re-
10
straint of 2.1 X 10 1b-in./rad at station 1. From station 1J. to station 31,
the pipe is laterally supported by soil. The soil from station 11 to station
16 is assumed to be a soft clay which has a shear strength that varies from
2 2
200 1b/ft at the top to 333.4 1b/ft at the bottom. The soil below station 16
is assumed to be a stiff clay which has a shear strength of approximately
2
4751b/ft . Generation of the resistance-deflection curves fOl~ the soil sup-
ports at stations 11 and 13 is based on a technique presented by Matlock
(Ref 6). The resistances and deflections for both support curves are described
at 20 points as shown in Fig 42. The remaining support curves between stations
11 and 16 are linearly distributed.
The nonlinear characteristics of the resistance-def1ectio'1 curves for the
soil supports from station 16 to station 31 are obtained from the data for the
experiment done by Matlock and Vora in Ref 8. The nonlinear resistance-
deflection curves are also described at 20 points, as shown in Fig 43.
4
Current drag forces are assumed to vary from -2 X 10 pound at station 1
4
to -1 X 10 pound at station 11. Idealized wave forces are shown at the
bottom of Fig 41. The wave forces are assumed to vary linearly from station 1
-2
to station 11. The time increment length is equal to 1.0 X 10 seconds.
Four hundred time stations are solved for this problem.
The computed deflections and moments versus time for stations 10 and 21
are plotted by the program, as shown in Figs 44 and 45, respectively. Figure
46 shows the computed deflections along the beam axis for time stations 60 and
160. Figure 47 shows the computed deflection along the beam axis for time
stations 230 and 280. Figure 48 shows the computed moments along the beam
axis for time stations 60 and 320. All plots in this problem are automatically
plotted using the ball-point plotting method.
 Resistance (Q) Support Curve at Beam Station 13
LB Point Q W Point Q W
4 - 2650 0.034
2 1.5 x 10 1 14380 -20.000 11
2 14380 - 5.426 12 - 4700 0.202
3 11750 - 2.963 13 - 6100 0.418
Support 4 10500 - 2.119 14 - 7490 0.769
B~am Station 13 5 9240 - 1.444 15 - 8365 1.072
6 8365 - 1.072 16 - 9240 1.444
7 7490 - 0.769 17 -10500 2.119
8 6100 - 0.4181 18 -11750 2.963
9 4700 - 0.202 19 -14380 5.426
II 2
h~\" ~ 10 2650 - 0.034 20 -14380 20.000
: --------__~~3
I Support Curve at
I
I
I
Beam Station II Deflection (W)
I
I
2 3 4 5 INCH 20
I
~~--~-----1------~----~------4------4~----~------~----~------~----~----~~~~
-20 -5 -4 -3 -2 -I
I
1
I
1
Support Curve at Beam Station 11 I
,1

Point Q W Point Q W ~------____~19~~'0

1 5800 -20.000 11 -1070 0.034
2 5800 - 5.426 12 -1932 0.202
3 4750 - 2.963 13 -2465 0.418
4 4240 - 2.119 14 -3022 0.769 I
5 3735 - 1.444 15 -3380 1.072 1
I
16 -3735 1.444 I
6 3380 - 1.072 1
1
7 3022 - 0.769 17 -4240 2.119 1
1
8 2465 - 0.418 18 -4750 2.963 19 2 10
9 1932 - 0.202 19 - 5800 5.426
10 1070 - 0.034 20 -5800 20.000

Fig 42. Symmetric resistance-deflection curves of soft clay at beam stations 11 and 13.
 • Resistance (Q) Support Curve at Beam Stations 16 to 31
I LB Point Q H Point Q W

+3X 10 4 1 28235 -20.000 11 - 7020 0.034

2 28235 - 5.426 12 -11840 0.202
3 26305 - 2.963 13 -15696 0.418
4 25340 - 2.119 14 -19552 0.769
5 23652 - 1.444 15 -21722 1.072
6 21722 - 1.072 16 -23652 1.444
7 19552 - 0.769 17 -25340 2.119
8 15696 - 0.418 18 -26305 2.963
9 11840 - 0.202 19 -28235 5.426
10 7020 - 0.034 20 -28235 20.000

I
I
10
I
I Deflection (W)
I
1
~+------+-----~------~------~-----+------4---- - + - - - ·······1
-20 -5 -4 -3 -2 -I
2 3 4
I
5
I
INCH 20
~ ...
II
104

I
-2 x 104t I
I
1I
1I
18
19 10
-3 x 10
4
1
Fig 43. Symmetric resistance-deflection curves of stiff clay at beam stations 16 to 31.
 Beam STA 21

c; :
;;J
I ,

C) i
~1
01
t<?1
C:1,

5 DVT BERM, 5TH = 10 21

Fig 44. Example Problem 5. Deflection vs time for beam stations 10 and 21.
 ,
'I I
:~ -j
I

C")
, I
r, I
c\jl
I
I

~'"j I, r_._ ~'"

_ r. ,0 ',_, '~" '
----,----_"
,'J' , C
r,,' -',',r-
J
C-.-~_' , ' "'.' ,
--'J--'-------.- - - --,
r:; G ~; C
' - - , - - - - ' - - - - - - - , - - - - - --
L Gr.') : : ; ; C0
1
3~C,C~
---,
ACO~~

5 MVT SEW., STR = 10 '"

Ll

Fig 45. Example Problem 5. Moment vs time for beam stations 10 and 21.
 - --.------ -------,--- ---- -- -~------. ~-,~,,-~;,~~~===ri~----~.
~ ~:~ ·(?~CC 1r:?c:~ //~,~,~~ ~<r.c'G 2~'J~ j2.~C.

l
I
\ \

\" //
t1
I
'-
'.~
//
C'
;j
Time II
,
//1
I

c:::
\ STA 160
,~

I I
:.- -1

\ / I
L~

C·
,
I
\
\..
\", ----
// /
.- j

A
n
r~ I
\

\
/
C) Time STA 60
'"
-J!

5 ovB TJME' STR = 60 160

Fig 46. Example Problem 5. Deflection along the beam axis for time stations 60 and 160.
 co
co

.GC

~\'

I'
,;I;

, \

\
\
\
i
I'
\
\ \
\ Time I
I

\' STA 280 I I

\

\
\

"':J Time STA 230

5 ova TIME 5TR = 230 280

Fig 47. Example Problem 5. Deflection along the beam axis for time stations 230 and 280.
 Time STA 60
;--'

I
I~.\/ \ .
u: !/
! /
\;'.
Time

/
STA 320
\ 1\

1/
~-~'J"*.
~'.;C~';. --~r("""
±=::[==... ~....
- '-4• -J -....J _, -.,..J _J ~ , _!J

O! I
CJ ,

~~ \ )
\ )I
~~ i "\ ;' /
~j., .\\.\ /
, I
/1
t::> I ,!
C

c::;,~
r"
' -,
I
01
O!
~J

~J NVB T f tjj:' 5TR = 60

Fig 48. Example Problem 5. Moment along the beam axis for time stations 60 and 320.
90

Example Problem 6. Three-Span Beam with One-Way and Symmetric Nonlinear

Supports Loaded with a Transient Pulse

This problem is intended to demonstrate that the option of switching from

a spring-load (tangent modulus method) iteration to a load iteration technique
which is built into Program DBC5 is useful when the tangent modulus method
fails because of lift-off of the one-way support or yielding of the nonlinear
supports. Figure 49 shows a three-span beam (30 beam stations) which is
simply supported at the ends, one-way supported at station 8 anj nonlinearly
supported at stations 16 and 17 and is loaded with a transient pulse at
10 2
station 17. The beam has a uniform flexural stiffness of 2.4 X 10 lb-in.
1 2
and a uniform mass density of 5.184 X 10- lb-sec !in.!sta. A rotational
10
restraint of 3.0 X 10 is applied at beam station 0 and a constant axial
5
compression force of 10 pounds is assumed. The negative one-way resistance-
deflection curve of the support at beam station 8 is shown in Fig 50. The
symmetric resistance-deflection curve of the support at beam station 17 is
also shown in Fig 50. The nonlinear characteristic of the support at beam
station 16 is linearly distributed between beam station 15, which has no
resistance to deflection, and beam station 17. The applied transient pulse
at beam station 17 is shown at the bottom of Fig 49. The time increment length
2
is equal to 4 X 10- seconds and 40 time stations are solved for this problem.
The computed results and the monitor deflections at beam Etations 8, 15,
16, and 17 during the iteration process are printed on the comI~ter output.
It is seen that the tangent modulus method failed at time stations 5, 9, 13,
16, and 24 due to abrupt changes of time-dependent loads or lift-off of the
support at beam station 8 at these time stations; therefore the program
automatically switches to the load iteration method and succeeds in obtaining
3
the closed solutions. If the time increment length is reduced to 4 X 10-
seconds and the same problem is rerun for 400 time stations, the tangent
modulus method works nicely at each time station except three at which the
beam starts to lift off the support at beam station 8. This is because
smoother changes of time-dependent loads are obtained due to tne small time
increment length and, therefore, the tangent modulus method only fails at
some of the critical time stations at which lift-off of the support occurred.
The computed deflections and moments versus time for beam stations 8 and 17
are plotted using the printer plotting method, as shown in Figs 51 and 52,
 91

10 2
Beam
Station V E1 2.4 x 10 lb-in
2

R~E.!!!
0----- 0.5184 lb-sec /in/sta
W
T 10Slb
QlM
met 10
R - 3 X 10 lb-in/rad
SB and SN see Fig 50
8---- El, 'f
Beam increments ~ 30
Beam increment length 48 inches
Time increments ~ 40
16 - OT - - - -
-2
17 Time increment length 4 x 10 seconds

30

Transient Pulse 0 T

Time Station

-10 4

Fig 49. Example Problem 6. Three-span beam loaded

by transient pulse.
92

NElgative One-Way
Resistance (Q) Support Curve at
LB Beam Station 8
Negative One - way Support
Curve at Beam Station 8 Point Q W
2
3
2 40,000 -3.0
3 39,000 -2.0
4 35,000 -1.0
5 20,000 -0.5
6 0 0.0
7 0 4.0

Deflection (W)
2 3 4 INCH
-4 -3 -2 -I t7 ..
I
I
I
I
I
Symmetric Support Curve I
I
at Beam Station 17 I
I
Point Q W 7 18
1
2
3
13,600
13 , 600
8,600
-4.0
- 2 .0
-1. 0
Symmetric Support
at Beam Station
cu~
17-~
4 3,000 -0.3
5 - 3,000 0.3
6 - 8,600 1. 0
7 -13,600 2.0
8 -13,600 4.0

Fig 50. Resistance-deflection curves of the supports at

beam stations 8 and 17.
 93

PHO"RA~' f)rlC., - ~ASIEf< • ,JilCK CH""I _ M"TLOCIo( _ nFCt<)-REvlc;ynN 11r.Tf =26 .111"1 71
t.)(~''''''''LF "'14011(I""'S ppnr.PA!-I [)RCc;
FOR .. V JACK Cl-lfII\1 clUNE 1Q71
IH"IA'~IC )~~A'-1·r""LJI'~N PRnr;OA'-1 I 5-1.C; T'-1Pl,H'IT ()PF~ATl'ln )

pJ.(O~ (CO'"TO)
6 THPI'f.-SPA"J HEI\'" I~!TH ()~F-i.//\v ANI) <;VM .... FTRr( NON( r'JFAQ <iUP LOAOEI) ;:tV T.p
0000* PLnT OF I)EFLECTln~ V<; TrMF FI')D R~AM ~TATTn~S OF. 00000

1 rURVF (" ) ::; ~

2 rUI'n/1" (+ 1 ::;
17

PT.'I)O °VALd!:!>
-1 -1.31H:-lf:l +
0 -b.601F-17 +
1 -6.00";1" -In + or
? -1.613I"-iJ2 + or
3 _2.9'tlF-Ol'
-4.:.7bF-l)?
+ "'r
4
-J.4(4E-J?
+ *;; r
5 + r
I:> -1.71'fF-J? + or
7 _2.6l;;61"_04 + 0
-3.031F-03
f'l
-1.4t:1!:>I".,)?
*r •
9
10 -1.73111"-')2 +
°T
or
•
_2. u JoF_')? or
11
12 -3."bbF_l? +
• 0 T
13
14
-3. '7\-1bF-,)?
-3 .... .:cl"-,J?
• 0
T
+ 0 T
-1.0 __ 5F-I)'?
• *r
1 '"
\1:> 7.bl2E-d)
-3.977F- rn
. •
17 or •
If< -3.4t:i3f-')2
_3.1j44F_.J? • .. T
19
20 -2.12'lF_'12 +
• 0 T
*1
21 -1.'1 ... SI"-J? + °T
?2 -5. Ul:l4F-,J3 "T +
23 /:I. StIlF-,) 3
* •
24 3.U'1!:>!="-03 0
•
25 -2. t;3ll"-,P • *r
26 -3.00"lF-I)2 • '>1
?7 1.60cl"-,)2 + 0
28 4.1371"-02 • ro
-1.I:H~2f-')2
29
10 -tJ.'?/tll"-OZ
°T •
0 T •
31 -1.Jt;I;F-02 or.
3? b.972F-J2 • T 0
33 4.04~F-()? + TO
34 -6.4:;UF-v2 + * T
35 _!:I.3ott.lF_i)':
36 '1.599F-01
0 T •
37 7.1211"-'12 *T 0 +
•
4. 2411f-1)?
38
39
40
-b. 1 !:>'fE-(lZ
-'.51:l4F-()?
+
+
.. T*
T
+
* T

Fig 51. Example Problem 6. Deflection vs time for beam stations 8 and 17.
94

PROGRA~ n!:lCS - MASTER - JACK CHA~J MATLOCK' -

nECKl·REVISI~N nATE ~ 26 JU"I 71 -
EX-AMPLE ?RORLFMS FOR F'Rnr.RAM DHCIi RY JACI< CHAN JUNE 1971
DYt,jAMIC ~EAM-COLIJ"'N PR("It;PIIM ( 5-\-C; H4PUCIT OPERAT("IR ,

..._.
PROq (CO'lITO)
6 THREE-SPAN BEAM WITH ONF-WAY ANt) 5Vlo1MFTRTC IIIONLINFAI:! sup LOADEn RY T.p
PLoT OF nENU • MOM. vs Ttr.lF F'nR RF'AM CiTATIONS OF. •••••
I CUHVF ( . ) 1;1
8
2 CURVE (+ ) • 11

PT.t,jO *VALUE·
-1 -3.358F-I0 +
0 -3.89lE'-10 +
1
2
-3.518E'+04
-9. 53 81=:+0 4
• T +
• y +
3
4
-1.812f:+05
-2,122F+05 • • T +
T +
5
6
-2,1l5E+05 • T +
-1.409E'+05 • T +
1
a
.4.657f+04 • T +
1.139E+04 t· +
10
9 -5.331E+U3
-6.111F+04 • • +
+
T
11 -l,aZ8E+05 • T +
12 -2.815E+v5 • T +
13 -2.433E'+05 • T +
14 -1.a28F+OS • 1 +
lIS -S.922E+04 • T +
16
11
18
3.1 1 8F+04
1.2Z2F+04
-9.1 51 E+04 •
J
T * - +
+
+
19 -2,51;91'.:+05 . T
T +
20 -2.96SE+I)S * T +
21
Z2
-1.227E:.OS • + !,.
7olb6E+04 + •
23
24
1.01I;E+O<;
-1.266E+U4
T
*'T
• +
25 -8.17SE+V4 eo !+
•
26
21
_3.985E+04
_1.949F+04 • +
• .Y!
28 -4.J40E+04
.3.05ZF.'+04
• T +
29
• !T ~.

30
31
2.709E+04
1.262r::.04 T +
• •
32
33
.. S,033E+04
-1./)2bE+v4
+ • T
+ * 'T
34 _S,11 40 F:+040 • +
3S
]6
-1.049E+04
2.866f"+U4
•T +
+
*
31
38
4.1b3F+04
_4.1/)401='+1)4 +*
T • +
!
39 .. 9,1931':+04 + * T
40 -1.125E+~4 * + T

Fig 52. Example Problem 6. Moment vs time for beam stations 8 and 17.
 95

respectively. Figure 53 shows the computed deflections along the beam axis
for time stations 4, 8, and 20. Figure 54 shows the computed moments along
the beam axis for time stations 12, 16, and 30.

Example Problem 7. Partially Embedded Steel Pipe Pile Excited by Sinusoidal

Earthquake-Induced Forces

The capability of Program DBC5 to analyze the response of a partially

embedded steel pipe pile which is excited by sinusoidal earthquake-induced
forces is illustrated with problem 7. Figure 55(a) shows a 12.75-inch outside
diameter X 0.5-inch wall steel pipe pile embedded in the soil to a depth of
40 feet and extending 10 feet above the ground surface. The pile has a
9 2
flexure stiffness of 10.9 X 10 1b-in. and is divided into 50 beam increments.
Each beam increment has a length of 12 inches. An axial compression force of
10,000 pounds is assumed in the pile. From beam station 0 to beam station 40,
2
the lumped mass density of soil and pile is assumed to be 5.184 1b-sec /in./sta.
From beam station 40 to beam station 50, the lumped mass density of soil and
2
lateral load is assumed to be 2.592 1b-sec /in./sta. The negative and positive
one-way resistance-deflection curves, which describe the lateral soil supports
from beam station 0 to beam station 40, are shown in Fig 55(b) and (c), res-
3
pectively. The time increment length is 5 X 10- seconds and 160 time stations
are solved for this problem.
The pile is excited by a sinusoidal earthquake-induced force, as shown in
Fig 55(d). The sinusoidal earthquake induced force has a base time of 0.1
second (equivalent to 20 time stations) and is induced from an assumed sinu-
2
soidal acceleration with a maximum value of 1/10 G (G = 386 in./sec ) and a
base time of 0.1 second. Based on the discrete-element beam-column mOdel, the
applied transverse load QT is equal to the product of deflection Wand
spring force SN. By double integration of the equation of sinusoidal acce1-
eration and evaluation of the constants of integration, the relation between
the maximum deflection (W
max
) and the maximum acceleration (Wmax ) is found to
be

W
max

where t is the base time and TI is equal to 3.1416. If the nonlinear spring
c
96

f.lRO"HA~ n,:!C':l * "'lASTEH - ,IIII";K CHl\N - MI\TI.()CI( - r)FCKI-REVJ5rli~1 t)l\Tf :& 2b ,III~I 7'
I::XI\'1,.)LE ~ROtlLF'-\5 FOR PPIir:QAM f)HC" HY JACI( r:~At,1 IIINE 1971
UY!\jfl~TC IlEAM-t(lL'It~N P'?Iir,0I\M ( ~-1-C:; TMPI TCfT IiPF~ATnR "

PROq ICO",TI,))
(, THQEt:-SPAIIl HE A'~ '~l T", (lNF-\OIAY ANI) <:;'1Mo.,IFTQTC NONL I'~F'IIP C:;JP U)AOF.n ~v f.P
**'*** PL,,'T OF 11FfLt:CTrON<; ~LONr; ~I=' III~ A'{15 liT TTIo1F c:;T AT 101\15 1')1", *It***

rUHlIF (*l ::: 4

? CURVF (+I :::
Ii
3 CURVF ( ... ) ::: 2n

jolT. ~IO <>V"UII::*

-1 S. 3iH~F-:)3 l(

0 o. l(
1 5.7~"'F'-')3 l(
2 1.71;)7[-.)? +(
'3 3.1"'''E-');;> +l(
... .... 173F_')2 +*l(
5 ....37'/E-J?' +*')(
6 3 ..:.'''i3F-J2 +*X
7 .... 5 ... 91"-.)) +x
~ - .... S7bF-');> It'+
9 _1.2221"_'11
It' +
10 -c.2 U 3f- 1J l l( +
11 -3.35JF-iJl l( +
12 - .... 625F'- i ll )(
T+
13 -5.9701='-U1 'I( T+
14 -7.33'1F-IH 'to T +
15 -1::l.6~"'F-i)1 't* T +
16 -9.9S1F-'Jl )t
*' T +
17 ':'1.1111"+<)0 J( * T +
18 -1.1~2F'+'IO X. r +
*
19 -1.2 3 1-1".')0 X * T +
20 -1.25uF+1)ll X *' T +
21 -1.22'~e::+JO A * f +
22 -l.17HF+110 l(
23 ·1.0~~F.+I)O )(
*
.. . T
T
+
+
~4
25
-9.9,,7F-01
-8.6"u F -uJ
)(
l( . T +

26
27
-7.15~r-Ol
-5.5101"-01
l( .. I
T +
+

)(
* T •
28 -3.7 ... 31"-\11 J( * T +
29 - 1 • 8 '12 F - 'Jl X * I +
30 o.
31 1.d'12E-'l1 +
l(
T . )C

Fig 53. Example Problem 6. Deflection along the beam axis for time
stations 4, 8, and 20.
 97

PROr,RAM nBC':) -
EXIIMPLE
~AS1E~
P~OHLF'MS
-
CHttt,j
J'\CK Mil nocl<
FOR p~nr.RAM OBCe;
-
nEC~I-REVJ~I~N nATE :0: 20 J11"l 71
~V JACI' C~AM ,IUNE 1 eni
-
DYt,jA'lIC I:'IF:AM-rnLIlMN PRnt;I"III"I ! 5-1-e; TMPUC IT OPFi(ATI"IR )

p~o~ ( CO·iTl.ll
0 TrlREE-SPAI\J BEtH IOIiTl-l nNF:-wAV ANI) c:.v"IMFTRIC NONLII\)FA~ ~lJP LOAOE'I) >IV T.p
~~ ........ PLnT OF REIltD. MOM. 1\ LON(; RF"M AX I S liT TT>.4F ~TATIONS r'lF, ~ ... ~~ ...

1 CURVE (1. ! ;:
12
2 r.UHVF (+ I = 1&
3 CURVE (X) = 30

PT.t>lO ·VAUJE.

-1 O. l(
0 &.:;031'"+04 1(+ ...
1 7.6731"+'14 . ..
2
3
2.1':)UE"+04
_3.3d5E"+04
l(
It +.
4 -8.86SF+\)4 .. 11 +
xr+
5 -1.4~2[+O5
• Kr+
. •
6 -1.937F"+OS l( ..
7 -2.424,,=+OS
8 -2.875F+J"i .. T)( +
T l(
9 -2.bOO,:+0.::, ... T + x
10 -2.2d3f+05 .. +
.. .. T )(
11 -1.930E+O'i T + )C
12 -1.54~E+0'i T + X
13 -1.153F.+OS ... T + ~
14 _1, 64 OE+04
15 -4.0bB[+04
• .. .T T +
+
X
.(
1b -1.0 7 7F"+U4 +
17
18
2.11)0[+05
3.5851'"+05
T
+ T~
+ X
'(
..
19
20
4.323F+0'i
4.89H+Ot; X +
X+ r . ..
T
21
22
5.271F:+OS
5. 446 f+J'5
l(
+
+ T .. ..
..
)(

23 5.4071':+05 X +
24
25
5.1491="+115
4.679[+05
/..
X
+
. T
.. ..
T
2b 4.01 2 [+o':i X + T •
27 3.173E+,15 X + T •
28 2.1'171::+0<;
29
30
1.123E+OS
-9.2 5 2F-09
l( +
J( +
T
T .
l(
31 O. y.

Fig 54. Example Problem 6. Moment along the beam axis for
time stations 12, 16, and 30.
98

10,000 Ibs
50 ,---
10 ft
Loads
~;;g;;;;--12.75 in. 00. x 0.5 in. Wall Pipe

1
40
x ~4 [(12.75)4
6
F o. E1 30 x 10
30
9 2
10.9 x 10 lb-in
20 40ft. Mass Density:
Sta 0 to 40: Weight of soil + pile ~ 200 lbs/ft
10
:. p 200/386.4~. 5.184 lb-sec 2 /in/sta
o Sta 40 to 50: Weight of pile + lateral load
Beam ~ 10,000 Ibs. Distributing on 10' length.
Station 2
10,000 Ibs p = 10,000/(10 x 386.4) " 2.592 lb-sec /in/sta
~.~
J
W
Q.!
£I.J <[
)(

(a)
Number of beam increments = 50
Beam increment length = 12 inches
Number of time increments 160
Time increment length = 5 X 10
-3
seconds

One-Way Resistance-Deflection Curves

Resistance (Ib) Resistance (lb)

2
100
S~ Deflection (in) Deflection (in)
3 4 -10 2 0.05 10
I I •
-10 -0.05 10 I
I
I
I
I I
S~
100 -- 2000 Ib/.lin
SN -- 0.05 -100 - ~3 1
4
(b) (c)

Earthquake-Induced Forces
Let X
max
- 1/10 G ~ 38.6 in/sec
2

100 78.2 Ibs

2
2000 x 0.1 X 38.6
2
n

0 5 10 15 20 Time Station
sec 78.2 lbs
~ -1 ~

tc=O.l
(d)
Fig 55. Example Problem 7. Partia lly embedded pile excited by
sinusoidal earthquake-induced forces.
 99

force SN can be assumed to be constant, then the maximum sinusoidal

earthquake-induced force can be obtained by the equation

T N 2 ., 2
Qmax S tWin
c max

The earthquake-induced forces are applied at beam stations 0 to 40 to approxi-

mately describe the ground movements.
The computed resistance-deflection curves of the negative and positive
one-way supports at beam station 20 are shown in Fig 56. The first loading
path is seen to form a loop which starts from point A and follows the path
of ABCDAEFGA. The mechanical energy lost in the first loop is equal to the
area defined by the loading path. The second loading path follows the path of
ADHDAGIGA; no mechanical energy is lost in this path because the energy is
absorbed by or transformed to adjacent supports. Between points D and G in the
second loading path, the supports at beam station 20 exhibit no resistance and
hence a hole is produced around the pile at this station. The third loading
path is similar to the second loading path except that in the third the maxi-
mum positive deflection increases from point H to point J, and the maximum
negative deflection decrease from pOint I to point K. The succeeding paths
are similar but have progressively smaller maximum positive and maximum nega-
tive deflections until finally no more energy is absorbed by or transformed
to adjacent supports and the entire pile exists in a state of free vibration
since no damping factor has been included. Figure 57 shows the plot of deflec-
tion versus time for beam station 20. Here the response is tapering down to
the two limits at which the entire pile is in a state of free vibration.
A similar computed resistance-deflection curve can be constructed for any
other support, with a similar result expected unless the support (for instance,
at beam station 40) has not yet reached the yielding condition; then the com-
puted resistance-deflection curve will be a straight line. Eigure 58 shows
the computer plot of deflection versus time for beam stations 10 and 30.
Figure 59 shows the computer plot of deflection versus time for beam stations
40 and 50. Figure 60 shows the computer plot of deflection along the beam
axis at time stations 10 and 20. Figure 61 shows the computer plot of deflec-
tion along the beam axis at time stations 50 and 150. Figure 62 shows the
computer plot of moment along the beam axis at time stations 30 and 100.
 >-'
Resistance (LB) o
o

- " - First Loop of Loading Path

FE
100 ------- Second Loading Path
Negative Resistance- - - - Third Loading Path
Deflection Curve The Mechanical Energy Lost in the
First Loop =Area defined by ABCDAEFGA

50

-0.05 -0.025 0.05 Deflection (INCH)

I

-50
Positive Resistance-
D~flection curvi

"""'--___II'__...J_~"'----J>.----'I_
B C

Fig 56. Computed resistance-deflection curves of the one-way supports at beam station 20
of Example Problem 7.
 .08

Time Increment Length

= 5 x 10-3 sec .
.06

(f)
Q)
..c .04
u
c

c
0
+-

-
U
<l>
Q)
.02
0
Q)
(f)
~
Q)
>
(f) 50 100 Time Sta.
c:
0
0
....
l-

t
I
-02

-.04 I
Fig 57. Example Problem 7. Deflection vs time for beam station 20.
 r-'
o
N

jA
i \
f \
i

r---
,..,,..,.• r,..,
- '- ,~ .J.....,

.; !
c:
'_. -I I I

7 OVT BER~ STR - 10 3C

. Fig 58. Example Problem 7. Deflection vs time for beam stations 10 and 30.
 I
~. I

01
c; l

\ ~ Beam STA 40

. -~!~(f'*---.----~
'-is· \ 1
\
,
r-"i
~ •."
r."
.JJ

\
I

'" I
ell
I

\
~~ I
I

!
~'1
L"

LY~
,
I
I \LBeam STA 50

en
C; I

0--,
I

7 OVT BER~ STR = 40 sc

Fig 59. Example Problem 7. Deflection vs time for beam stations 40 and 50. ~
o
w
 Time STA 20

~~ j
,-------::::---11---- --,-------~I - - - -,-------
r.-.
- 6 ·Jv
C)"'.I
'l,",0
r''-'
8.CJO ~6.00 ;:/i.OG
I
3Z.!J:J
I

~I
STA 10
~;l
t "J ;

°1
O.J
,

7 OVR TIME STR - 10 20

Fig 60. Example Problem 7. Deflection along the beam axis for time stations 10 and 20.
 ~-1
x

~.\\
c
-1

\
~Time STA 150

.--- " -
gl
----~ .. -~~-.-, - - - - " ,-
·8·0::; (~~-C,::; 5.,(,J 15,OJ

7 OVr3 T1ME 5TH 50 150

Fig 61. Example Problem 7. Deflection along the beam axis for time stations 50 and 150.
 r\
Time STA

,J Ll i

~ ~~_ji
i \
I
Jr. «1

:-, I
i
~~J STA 100
~ I

7 MVB TIME STR ~ 30 100

Fig 62. Example Problem 7. Moment along the beam axis for time stations 30 and 100.
 CHAPI'ER 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the dynamic solution of the discrete-element beam-columns

of Ref 10 (DBC1) and the static solution of the discrete-element beam-columns
of Ref 5 (BMCOL 43) have been modified and extended to cover nonlinear supports
and loads with time-dependent axial thrusts; the program has the added capabil-
ity of producing plots of the deflections or moments along either beam or time
axis of any requested monitor stations.
The path-dependent history of loading of the nonlinearly-inelastic resist-
ance-deflection curve of the support is considered in the study. Two multi-
element models, which are used to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of
symmetric and one-way resistance-deflection curves, have been introduced. An
internal damping factor, which is related to the first time derivative of the
curvature of the beam, has been considered in addition to the external viscous
damping factor which is normally encountered in a dynamic problem. A computer
program which has been presented, DBCS, allows the user to obtain a variety of
results and plots. All of the uses and capabilities of DBC1 and BMCOL 43,
except construction of the envelopes of maximums provided in BMCOL 43, have
been incorporated in the DBCS program.
This method is based on an implicit difference formula of the Crank-
Nicolson type. Problems in which only linear spring supports are specified
are not subject to the instability of dynamic solutions. Problems in which
nonlinearly-inelastic supports are specified. however. rAquire cautious selec-
tion of a time increment length, to pick one reasonably but not extremely small
(for instance, less than 1/10 of the fundamental period), since the basic
assumption of the Crank-Nicolson implicit formula is that the time dependent
forcing function and the time variant nonlinear springs are smoothly varied
with time. For problems with nonlinear supports, fue iteration process compares
the successively computed deflections until a specified tolerance is satisfied.
The option of switching from the spring-load iteration technique (tangent
modulus method) to the load iteration technique for problems with nonlinear

107
108

supports is useful when the support yields or disconnects from the beam-column
since the spring-load iteration method fails in these cases.
This report is intended to encourage use of DBC5 as a tool in computer
aided design. Highway structural and foundation designers can use it to solve
many problems, static or dynamic, which they encounter and which presently are
solved by rough approximations or by tedious hand calculations. A very impor-
tant use would be for a study of the dynamic response of actual. truck loaded
beam-columns, as illustrated in Example Problem 3 described in Chapter 5. A
highly sophisticated computer program (Ref 1) is available to compute the time
variant dynamic forces of the tires of a truck moving at a uniform speed on
highway pavements. With limited interpretation, the computed dynamic tire
forces could be input in the table provided for the time dependent lateral
loads in Program DBC5.
Further application to design problems that are difficult to solve by
conventional means is possible. The possible variations include analyses of a
bridge structure as foundation supports settle, railroad loadings on continu-
ous spans supported on soil foundations, the effect of axial l,)ads induced
from tractive forces or temperature changes, approach slabs connected integral-
ly with the bridge structure and supported on soil foundations, offshore piles
loaded with wave forces and partially embedded in the soil, ani transverse
response to earthquake-induced forces.
Future extensions to the model and the program might include, for highway
pavement analysis, the coupling of a vehicle model and pavement roughness
characteristics to the beam-column model for generation of dynamic loads (simi-
lar to the model described in Ref 1) and the inelastic analysis of beam proper-
ties.
The nonlinear solution capabilities should be extended to the beam bending
stiffness variable. Nonlinear moment-curvature relations could be incorporated
in the iterative procedure, thereby permitting analysis of the beam material
for stresses in the nonlinear range. The hysteresis effect of the nonlinear
moment-curvature relations should also be considered.
Studies of the nonlinear closure procedure should be continued. Methods
for accelerating closure in the load iteration technique should be developed.
In Program DBC5, the iteration process is performed at each time step. It is
possible, however, to iterate only at the critical time stations; at the rest
of the time stations, the support stiffness can be assumed to be unchanged
 109

since a small time increment length must be used in these problems. The
existing discrete-element model requires the user to know and specify the dis-
tribution of axial thrust throughout the beam. A valuable extension of this
work would be modification of the model to include axial deformations and
development of the force-deformation equations for axial thrust.
Finally, experimental data are required for further evaluation of the
method, especially in predicting the path-dependent behavior of the supports.
Research of this nature will furnish additional data on the nonlinear behavior
of the supports, which could be applied to modification of the existing multi-
element models for nonlinear supports so that buckling, fracture, softening,
and relaxation (creep) of the support could also be considered in the program.
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"#$%!&'()!*)&+',)%!'-!$-.)-.$/-'++0!1+'-2!&'()!$-!.#)!/*$($-'+3!
44!5"6!7$1*'*0!8$($.$9'.$/-!")':!
 REFERENCES

1. A1-Rashid, Nasser I., "A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Dynamic

Highway Loading," Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at
Austin, May 1970.

2. Crank, J., and P. Nicolson, "A Practical Method for Numerical Evaluation
of Solutions of Partial Differential Equations of Heat Conduction
Type," Proceedings, Cambridge Philosophical Society, Vol 43, 1947,
pp 50-67.

3. Kelly, Allen E., and Hudson Matlock, "Dynamic Analysis of Discrete-

Element Plates on Nonlinear Foundations," Research Report 56-17,
Center for Highway Research, The University of Texas at Austin,
January 1970.

4. Matlock, Hudson, and Allan T. Haliburton, "A Finite-Element Method of

Solution for Linearly Elastic Beam-Columns," Research Report 56-1,
Center for Highway Research, The University of Texas, Austin,
September 1966.

5. Matlock, Hudson, and Thomas P. Taylor, "A Computer Program to Analyze

Beam-Columns Under Movable Loads," Research Report 56-4, Center for
Highway Research, The University of Texas at Austin, June 1968.

6. Mat lock, Hudson, "Correlations for Design of Laterally Loaded Piles in

Soft Clay," Paper No. OTC 1204, Offshore Technology Conference,
6200 North Central Expressway, Dallas, Texas.

7. Matlock, Hudson, and Mahendra Vora, unpublished paper on axially loaded

steel rod, The University of Texas at Austin, 1971.

8. Matlock, Hudson, and Mahendra Vora, unpublished paper on cyclic load-

deformation curves of stiff clay, The University of Texas at
Austin, 1971.

9. Reiner, M., "Building Materials, Their Elasticity and Inelasticity,"

North-Holland Publishing Com~any, 1954.

10. Sa1ani, Harold, and Hudson Matlock, "A Finite-Element Method for Trans-
verse Vibrations of Beams and Plates," Research Report 56-8, Center
for Highway Research, The University of Texas at Austin, June 1967.

11. Timoshenko, S., "Strength of Materials," Part II, pp 411-416, D. Van

Nostrand Company, Inc., 1956.

111
112

12. Timoshcnko, S., ''Vibration Problems in Engineering," pp 324-380, 'Q, Van

Nostrand Company, Inc., 1955.

13. Volterra, Enrico, and E. C. Zachmanog1ou, "Dynamics of Vibrations,"

Charles E. Merrill Books, Inc., Columbus, Ohio, 1965.
 APPENDIX A

DERIVATION OF THE DYNAMIC IMPLICIT OPERATOR BASED ON THE

CRANK-NICOLSON IMPLICIT FORMULA
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"#$%!&'()!*)&+',)%!'-!$-.)-.$/-'++0!1+'-2!&'()!$-!.#)!/*$($-'+3!
44!5"6!7$1*'*0!8$($.$9'.$/-!")':!
 APPENDIX A. DERIVATION OF THE DYNAMIC IMPLICIT OPERATOR BASf~ ON THE
CRANK-NICOLSON IMPLICIT FORMULA

The dynamic model used in Program DBCS is discussed in Chapter 2 and the
free-body diagram of the model is shown in Fig 3.
Since the rigid bars connected between the deformable joints are only
responsible for transferring the bending moments, the shears, and the axial
thrusts from one joint to another, the equation of motion of the beam-column
can be obtained by summing up all the forces, internal or external, at any
deformable joint where the beam properties are lumped. For the convenience of
the reader, the free-body diagram of a portion of the dynamic beam-column
model is shown in Fig A1.
If we take equilibriums for the moments in Bar j and Bar j+1 and for the
vertical forces at joint J, then

for Bar j

i d i d
M.J- 1 - M. + (D ).J- 1 dt (CPj-1,k)
J
- (D ).
J dt ( cp j , k)

T = 0 (A. 1)
+ V.h + (T. + T. k) (-w . -1 k + w. k)
J J J, J, J,

for Bar j+l

(A.2 )

for Joint

T - R.] -1 8] .- 1 + R.]+ 1 8 1+
. 1
Vj - Vj + 1 + Qj,k + Qj + 2h

llS
Bar Number - - - - -- - - - --- - -

Fig Al. Free-body diagram of a portion of the dynamic beam-column model.

 117

(De). d ( ) = 0 (A.3 )
J dt wj,k

Solving for the shears Vj and V. 1 in Eqs A.l and A.2 and substituting
J+
into Eq A.3 and multiplying by h yields

- hS sW
j j ,k

N
hS.J, k W J,
' k = 0 (A.4)

Based on the Crank-Nicolson implicit formula, we can assume that

M. 1 = F. 1
J- J- 2

- 2w j _ l ,k+l + wj,k+lJ

M F __1__ fw - 2w + W + 2
j j 2h2 L j-l,k-l j,k-l j+l,k-l wj-l,k+l - wj,k+l

+ W j+ 1 , k+ 1 ~ ,
118

:t>l j + 1 2w j + 1 ,k_l + wj + 2 ,k-l + 'It.'j,k+l

,
- 2w·+l
J , k+l + w·+
J2, k+lJ '

1
== h22h L-wj-1,k-l + 2w j ,k_l - wj+1,k-l + wj-1,k+l
t

- 2w j ,k+l + Wj+l,k+lJ '

- 2w j + 1 ,k+l + w j + 2 ,k+1J '

6
1
j+l = 4h L-Wj,k-l - wj,k+l + w j + 2 ,k-l + wj + 2 ,k+lJ '

N
S.J, k

1
== h 2 LWj,k-l 2w j ,k + Wj ,k+ 1 J '
t
 119

d 1 I
dt
(w. k)
J,
=
2h L-w.J, k-1 + w.J ,
k+-1I:
t

::
1 I
w j-1,k 2 LW j - 1 ,k-1 + w j - 1 ,k+1J

r
1 I l
w. k
J,
::
2 Lw.J, k-1 + w.J, k+ 1 J

r
1
\1·+1
J ,k
=
2 LWJ
·+1, k - 1 + w.J
+ 1, k+ 1 J

T 1 r T T -:
Q. k =
J, 2 LQj,k-1 + Qj,k+1J

T 1 ; T T-:
T.J, k =
2 LT.
J, k-1 + J, k+ 1
T. J'

and

T ::
1 1- T T-
(A.5 )
T j+1,k 2 LT j+1,k-1 + T j+1,k+1J

Substituting Eq A.S into Eq A.4 and rearranging the order, we obtain

120
i
+ (D )j+1
J 2
r
T T T
+ h LT j + T j + 1 + 0.S(T j ,k_1 + T j ,k+1 + T j + 1 ,k-1

3
2h p.
NS . J
+ (S J. + S. k+ 1) +
J,
J h 2
t

3
4h p.-
= [ _--,,"J J w. k +
h 2 J,
t

1 [ i i i ] 2··· T
+ h (D )j-1 + 4(D )j + (D )j+l - h LT j + Tj + 1 + 0.S(T j ,k_1
t
 121

(A.6)

Collecting the terms and rearranging the order in Eq A.6, we obtain a

dynamic implicit operator:

+ d w. + e w. + f
k-l J+l,k-l k-l J+2,k-l j,k

where

O.25hR. 1
J-

= -2(F. 1 + F.)
J- J

O 5( T T) .
• Tj,k_l + Tj,k+l J '

i i
C
k+ l = (F. 1 + 4F. + F.+ ) + hI L' (D ). 1 + 4(D ). + i
J- J J l t J- J (D )j+lJ

2
+ h :T + T + 0 5(TT + TT T T
L j j+l • j,k-l j,k+l + Tj+l,k-l + Tj+l,k+l) J
122

TTl
+ O.S(T'+l
J , k-1 + T'+l
J , k+1)J· ,

O.25hR j + 1 '

2 (Di)
a _ -1
k 1
= -a k+ 1 + ,
h
t

-
r 1.'
b _
k 1
= -b k+ 1 - h
t
L(D ) j-1 + (D i) j J'

i ~
2h 3 (De)
c _
k 1
= -c k+ 1 + h L(D i).J- 1 + 4 (D i) , + (D ) j+1J +
J h
,
t t

r • i -
d _
k 1
= -d
k+l
-
h
L(D 1.) j + (D ) j+1J
t

i
2 (D )
e _ = -e k+ 1 +
k 1 h
t
 123

f.J, k.
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 APPENDIX B

DERIVATION FOR RECURSIVE SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS

(Extracted from Appendix 2 of Ref 4)
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 APPENDIX B. DERIVATION FOR RECURSIVE SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS
(Extracted from Appendix 2 of Ref 4)

Any of the fourth-order difference equations for beams or beam-columns

can be written in the following form:

f. (B .1)
J

Definitions of the coefficients a. through f. will vary according to the

J J
particular beam formulation considered. The general process of simultaneous
solution of a complete system of such equations will be the same in any case.
The matrix formed by writing coefficients a. through e. at all stations
J J
has non-zero terms along only the five main diagonals, and the most efficient
method of solutions, therefore, is a direct process that amounts to simple
Gaussian elimination. In a forward pass, two unknowns are eliminated from
each equation, resulting in a triangularized coefficient matrix of only three
diagonals. On the reverse pass, the solution is completed by back substitu-
tion. The necessary recursion equations for the process are derived below.
Assume, temporarily, that w. 2 and w. 1 can be eliminated so that w.
J- J- J
can be written in terms of deflections at two stations to the right. In
general

w. = (B.2 )
J

Writing equations of this form for w. 2 and w.J- 1 '

J-

= A.J- 2 + B.J- 2wJ-

. 1 + C. 2w .
J- J
(B.3 )

= (B .4)

Substituting Eqs B.3 and B.4 into Eq B.l,

w
J J- 2 + B.J- 2(A.J- 1 + B.J- lW'J + c.J- lW'J+ 1) + c.J- 2 J'J·
a.[A.

127
128

f. (B.5)
J

Multiplying and collecting terms,

(a.B. 2 B . 1 + a.C. 2 + b.B. 1 + c.)w.

J J- J- J J- J J- J J

+ (a.B. 2C , 1 + b.C. 1 + d.)w '+1

J J- J- J J- J J

:= f. (a.A. 2 + a.B. 2A . 1 + b.A. 1) (B.6)

J J J- J J- J- J J-

Equation B.6 can be rewritten in the form assumed in Eq B.• 2:

(B.7)

where

A. = D. (E .A. 1 + a.A. 2 - f.) (B.7a)

J J J J- J J- J

B.
J
= D.(E.C. 1 + d.)
J J J- J
(B.7b)

C. :::; D.(e.) (B.7c)

J J J

and where

D. 1j(E.B. 1 + a.C. 2 + c.) (B. 7d)

J J J- J J- J

E. :::; a.B. 2 + b. (B.7e)

J J J- J

For beam and beam-column problems, the coefficients A., B., and C.
J J J
can be thought of as expressing the physical continuity of the system. In
 129

these coefficients all of the known input data are digested and stored. The
coefficients at anyone station depend not only on the load and stiffness
data at that station but also on effects from all previous stations. These
coefficients have therefore been termed "Continuity Coefficients."
!
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"#$%!&'()!*)&+',)%!'-!$-.)-.$/-'++0!1+'-2!&'()!$-!.#)!/*$($-'+3!
44!5"6!7$1*'*0!8$($.$9'.$/-!")':!
 APPENDIX C

STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR THE DYNAMIC IMPLICIT OPERATOR

WITH INTERNAL DAMPING COEFFICIENT
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 APPENDIX C. STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR THE DYNAMIC IMPLICIT OPERATOR
WITH INTERNAL DAMPING COEFFICIENT

In studying the stability criterion for the dynamic solutions of a beam

with hinged ends and M increments, a solution to the equation of motion
described in Chapter 2 (Eq 2.1 or 2.2) can be assumed to be

w.] , k (C.1)

in which A is a constant, j '" 0, 1, 2, ••• M, and k 1, 2, 3, ••.• co •

If we consider only the flexibility of the beam F. , the mass density of

J i
the beam o . • and the internal damping coefficient of the beam (D ) . • then
.J J
Eq 2.2, becomes

133
134

3
4h p.,
. J '
\
h
2 )w.J, k
t

+ 2 1.r (F J' + F J'+ 1) -

1
ht
[i
(D),
i
+ (D ).J+ 1 J
'j w, + 1 k-l
J J,

L
~ (D ) j+l-
- Fj+ 1 - h J Wj+2 , k-l (C.2 )
t

Assuming that the beam has a uniform cross section, uniform elastic
properties, uniform mass density. and a uniform internal damping coefficient,
Eq C.2 can be simplified as

(F + D)W j _2 ,k+l - 4(F + D)Wj_l,k+l + 6(F + D)Wj,k+l - 4(F + D)

Wj+l,k+l + (F + D)W j +2 ,k+l + (F - D)W j _2 ,k_l - 4(F - D)Wj_1,k_l

+ 6(F - D)Wj,k_l - 4(F - D)Wj+l,k_l + 6(F - D)Wj,k_l

- 4(F - D)Wj+1,k_l + (F - D)W j +2 ,k_l

(C .3)
 135

where

Fall F terms (EI)

terms divided by h
t

p ~ all p terms

Substituting Eq C.l into Eq C.3, we obtain

(F + D) f (~ j)e(k+1)¢ + (F - D) f (~ ,j)e(k-1)¢
n' n

sin t-'"' Je
. k¢
n

(C.4 )

where

= sin ~
n
(j-2) - 4 sin \3 (j-1) + 6 sin \3 j
n. n

- 4 sin P 0+1) + sin ~ (j+2)

n n

Let

2
q

Then, dividing Eq c.4 by e(k-l)¢, we obtain

136

(C.S)

Substituting the following trigonometric identities.

sin Pn (j-2) = sin P J, cos 2p - cos ~ , sin 2 P

n n nJ n

4 sin \3 (j-1)
n
= 4(sin 13n J' cos 13n - cos I3n j sin P )
n

4 sin 13 (j+ 1) = 4(sin i3 J' cos ~ + cos i3 J• sin Pn )

n n n n

sin \3n ('+2)

J = sin Pn J, cos 213 + cos 13 J' sin 2 p
n n n

into Eq C.S and simplifying the equation, we obtain

(C.6)

We can simplify Eq C.6 by using the trigonometric identities

2 (cos ¢ _ 1)2 2
cos 2p
n
= 2 cos p -1
n n
= cos Pn - 2 cos Pn + 1 ,

2¢
and dividing by the coefficient of e thus

e
2¢ + I
L
2i- 2 2 Je
, ¢
4 (F + D) (cos P - 1) + q
n
 137

1 4 (F - D) (co s \3_ 1)2 + q2

n
+ L 4(F + D) (cos \3 _ 1)2 + q
2 J = 0 (C.7)
n

Let

2
B = ,- 9 and
2 2"""1
L4(F + D) (cos \3 - 1) + q
n J

2
4(F - D) (cos fln _ 1)2 + q
C = 2
4(F + D) (cos P _ 1)2 + q
n

Hence Eq C.7 becomes

= o (C.S)

Equation C.S is the quadratic equation which can be used to evaluate the
stability criterion of the dynamic solutions of the beam. The criterion for
the solution of w in Eq C.l, which is to be bounded as time approaches
j,k ~l ~
infinity, is that the roots of the quadratic, e and e 2 , must satisfy
the condition that

(C.9)

The two roots of Eq C.8 are

=
138

and

= - B - JB2 - C (C.lO)

The conditions of Eq C.9 are satisfied i f the following i.nequality is

true

(C.ll)

Substituting the equalities of Band C into Eq C.ll yield~:

2 4(F - D)(cos ~ _ 1)2 + q2

g
------=n---~2-~2 (C.12)
IL4 (F + D) ( cos ""n
p. _ 1) 2 + q2 J' 2 4(F + D)(cos ~ -,1) + q
n

The above inequality can be reduced to

- 1)
4
+ 8F (cos ~n (C.13)

2
By omitting the positive term (cos i3 - 1) , the criterion for the stability
n
of the dynamic solution of a uniform beam with hinged ends and internal
damping coefficient becomes

2 2 2 2
16 (F - D )(cos ~
n
- 1) + 8Fq ~ a (C .14)

Since is usually less than F. for a reasonable time increment

J
2
length h and the positive value of the term 8Fq is always greater than
t
the nega tive va lue of the term l6(f 2 _ D2)(cos ""Q n _ 1)2 when the time incre-
ment length is extremely small, the above inequality is true.
 APPENDIX D

GUIDE FOR DATA INPUT FOR DBCS

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DBC5 GUIDE FOR DATA INPUT -- Card Forms Page 1 of 13

IDENTIFICATION OF PROGRAM AND RUN (Two alphanumeric cards per run)

80

so

IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM (One card for each problem)

Prob.
No. Description of problem

5
I II so
TABLE 1. PROGRAM CONTROL DATA (One card for each problem)

Enter "1" to keep data from prior tables Number of cards input for tables
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 15 20 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 75 80

TABLE 2. CONSTANTS (One, two, or three cards; none if preceding Table 2 is held)

NUM NUM NUM of NUM of Option

of of monitor moni tor Plot- for
beam Beam time Time Print- STA Itera- STA ting line or
incre- increment incre- increment ing (print- tion (itera- method point
ments length ments length Switch ing) switch tion) switch plots
M H MT HT IPS>'~ MONS ITSW,'d MONI MOP LOP
I I I I I I I I
6 10 20 26 30 40 46 50 55 60 65 70 75
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
-'. If printing switch is -1, use the following card, otherwise ignore:
Page 2 of 13

Comple te print
out at
time s ta
interval
KPS Monitor s ta tions
I
6
I
10
I
2f
I
2S
I
30
I
35
I
40 45
I
50
I
55 60
I I
65 70

** If iteration switch is not zero, use the following card, otherwise ignore:

Max num of Maximum Deflection

i tera tions for allowable closure
any time step deflection tolerance
MAXIT WMAX WTOL Monitor stations

20 30

TABLE 3. SPECIFIED DEFLECTIONS AND SLOPES (The number of cards as shown in Table 1, none if preceding Table 3 is held)

Initial or
permanent
Case switch
STA -Idd: Deflection Slope lOPS #

6 10 16 20 30 40
I
46
I
50

tdd, I f case ~ 1, specified deflection 'If If lOPS 1, initial deflection or slope (or both) is
~ 2, specified slope specified.
= 3, specified both = 2, permanent deflection or slope (or both)
is s fled.
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 Page 3 of 13
TABLE 4. STIFFNESS AND FIXED-LOAD DATA (The number of cards as shown in Table 1)

Enter
"1" if
can't Bending Transverse Static spring Static axial Rotationa 1 Transverse
From To on next stiffness static load support thrust restraint couple
STA STA card F QF S T R CP
I6 I I I I
10 15 20 JO 40 50 60 70 90

TABLE 5. MASS AND DAMPINGS (The number of cards as shown in Table 1)

Enter
"1" if
can't Internal External
From To on next Mass density damping damping
STA STA card RHO DI DE
I6 10
I I I I31 .
I I
15 20 40 50 SO

TABLE 6. TIME DEPENDENT AXIAL THRUST (The number of cards as shown in Table 1)

Beam STA Time STA Axial thrust values (see page 7)

from to from to TTl TT2 TT3
[
6 10
I
15
I 21 25
I
30 36 45
I
55 S5
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 Page 4 of 13
TABLE 7. TIME DEPENDENT LATERAL LOADING (The number of cards as shown in Table 1)

Beam STA Time STA Lateral Loads (see page 9)

From To From To QTl QT2 QT3

4S 55 $5

TABLE 8. NONLINEAR SUPPORT CURVES (Three cards per curve, the number of cards as shown in Table 1)

Enter
"1" if Symme-
From To cont'd Resistance Deflection Num try Deflection Resistance
Beam Beam on next Multiplier Hultiplier Points Option Tolerance Tolerance
STA STA card QM.P WMP NPOC KSYM WNTOL QNTOL
I
6
I
10
I
15
l
20
...
30
I I
40 45 50 60
I
70

Resistance Values Q ~ _ _~~_ _ _ _~______~~_ _ _ _~_ _ _ _~_ _ _ _~~______~_ _ _ _~L-_ _~~_ _ _ _~

Deflection Values W ~ __~~_____~____~~____~____~____~~____~____~L-__~~____~

TABLE 9. PLOTTING SWITCHES (One card for each plot, the number of cards as shown in Table 1)

Beam
Hultiple
Horizontal Vertical plot
axis axis switch

&. Enter either "TIME " or "BEAM"

e
~
Enter either ''DEFL II or ''MOHr''
Enter either a beam station number if TIME horizontal axis was specified or a time station number if BEAM horizontal
axis was specified.
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 5 of 13

GDThe consecutive plots, which are entered 1 for Multiple Plot Switch, will superimpose on common axes. The last
plot of the group of plots which are superimposed on common axes must be entered 0 for Multiple Plot Switch.

For consecutive plots which are entered 0 for Multiple Plot Switch, each plot is plotted separately on different
axes.

STOP QL~ (One blank card of the end of each run)

This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
GENERAL PROGRAM NOTES Page 6 of 13

The data cards must be stacked in proper order for the program to run.
A consistent system of units must be used for all input data, for example, lbs and inches.
All words of 5-spaces or less are understood to be right justified integers, whole decimal
numbers, or alphanumeric words. ~ or ~
All words of 10-spaces are right justified floating-point decimal numbers. E4.231E+OU

Table 1. Program-Control Data

For each of Tables 2 and 3, a choice must be made between holding all the data from the
preceding problem or entering entirely new data. If the hold option for any of these
Tables is set equal to 1, the number of cards input for that Table must be zero.
For Tables 4 through 9, the data is accumulated in storage by adding to previously stored data.
The number of cards input is independent of the hold option, except that the cumulative total
of cards cannot exceed 100 in Tables 4 through 7; 60 in Table 8; and 10 in Table 9. Card
counts entered in Table 1 should be rechecked carefully after the coding of each problem is
completed.

Table 2. Constants

Variables: H HT WMAX WTOL

Typical Input Units: in sec in in

The maximum number of increments into which the beam-column may be divided is 200. Typical units
for the value of beam increment length are inches. The maximum number of increments into
which the time axis may be divided is 1000. Typical units for the value of time increment
length are seconds. If the printing switch (IPS) is set equal to -1, only results at monitor
beam stations will be printed, except at every time station interval specified (KPS) where
results at all beam stations will be printed. If the printing switch (IPS) is set equal to
+1, the complete results of all beam stations will be printed at every time station and the
second card therefore is not necessary. If the printing switch is equal to zero or left
blank, no intermediate results will be printed. MONS is the number of specified monitor beam
stations which are entered on the second card from column 21 to column 70, for printing the
monitor stations results at every time station. The maximum number of monitor beam stations
which may be used is 10.
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 Page 7 of 13
The second input card should be omitted when the printing switch (IPS) is set equal to zero,
blank, or +l.
For nonlinear support curves, which are stated in Table 8, the switch (ITSW) is set equal to
either a negative or positive integer, for example, -lor +1. If ITSW is set equal to zero
or left blank, no nonlinear support curves may be entered in Table 8 and the third input card
must be omitted.
MONI is the number of monitor beam stations, which are entered on the third input card from
column 41 to column 65, for printing monitor deflections during the iteration process. The
maximum number of monitor beam stations which may be requested is 5.
MAXIT is the number of iterations to be allowed for this problem. The maximum number is 50.
WMAX is the maximum allowable deflection for this problem.
WTOL is the closure tolerance for the iteration process.
MOP is a switch for selecting the method of plotting the results of beam or time stations which
are stated in Table 9.
If MOP is set equal to -1, microfilm plots are made.
If MOP is set equal to zero or left blank, printer plots are made.
If MOP is set equal to 1, l2-inch standard ball-point paper plots are made.
LOP is an optional switch for choosing point or line plots for the microfilm or paper plots.
If LOP = -j, point plots are made at every jth point.
If LOP = a or blank, line plots are made. If LOP = j, line plots with a point plot at every jth
point are made.
If no cards are entered for Table 9, MOP and LOP may be left blank.
If MOP is set equal to zero or left blank, LOP may be left blank.

Table 3. Specified Deflections and Slopes

The maximum number of beam stations at which deflections and slopes may be specified is 20.
A slope may not be specified closer than 3 increments from another specified slope.
A deflection may not be specified closer than 2 increments from a specified slope, except that
both a deflection and a slope may be specified at the same beam station.
lOPS is a switch for specifying either an initial deflection (or slope) or a permanent deflection
(or slope) at the beam station stated on the same card.
If lOPS is set equal to 1, initial deflection or slope (or both) are specified for the static
solutions only.
If lOPS is set equal to 2, permanent deflection or slope (or both) are specified, both for the
static solutions and the dynamic solutions.

t-'
lJ1
LV
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
Table 4. Stiffness and Fixed-Load Data Page 8 of 13

Variables: F QF S T R CP
2
Typical Input Units: lb X in lb lb/in lb ioxlb/rad ioxlb

Axial tension or compression values T must be stated at each beam station in the same manner as
any other distributed data; there is no mechanism in the program to automatically distribute
the internal effects of an externally applied axial force.
Data should not be entered in this table (nor held from the preceding problem) which would express
effects at fictitious stations beyond the ends of the real beam-column.
The left end of the beam-column must be located at station O.
For the interpolation and distribution process, there are four variations in the beam station
numbering and referencing for continuation to succeeding cards. These variations are ex-
plained and illustrated on page 11. There are no restrictions on the order of cards in
Tables 4 and 5, except that within a distribution sequence the beam stations must be in
regular order.

Table 5. Mass and Damping Data

Variables: RHO DI DE
2
Typical Input Units: lb x sec 2/.1.n lb X in x sec lb X sec/in

See description in Table 4.

Table 6. Time Dependent Axial Thrust

Variables: TTl TT2 TT3

Typical Input Units: lb lb lb

Time dependent axial thrust values "TTl" and "TT2" are the distributed values entered at beam stations
"FROM" and "TO", respectively, of time station "FROM". The values "TT3" are the distributed
values entered at beam stations "FROM" of time stations "TO".
All the values of time dependent axial thrusts at the beam stations within the two limits of "FROM"
and "TO" of the time stations between the two limits of "FROM" and "TO" will be linearly
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 Page 9 of 13
interpolated by the program. There are no restrictions on the order of cards, except that
beam stations which are entered as ''FROM" and "TO" in the same card must be in ascending
order, or in other words, the same beam station is not allowed to be entered as lIFROM" and
liTO II in the same card.
See page 12 for illustrated examples of interpolation and distribution.

Table 7. Time Dependent Lateral Loading

Variables: QT1 QT2 QT3

Typical Input Units: 1b lb lb

All restrictions stated in Table 6 are also true in this Table, except that same beam station is
allowed to be entered as ''FROM'' and liTO" in the same input card.
See page 13 for illustrated examples of interpolation and distribution.

Table 8. Nonlinear Support Curves

QMP is a constant which is multiplied by Q-VALUES to obtain the vertical resistance values of the
corresponding points of the resistance-deflection curve.
WMP is a constant which is multiplied by W-VALUES to obtain the horizontal deflection values of
the corresponding points of the resistance-deflection curve.
NPOC is the number of points input on the resistance-deflection curves.
KSYM is the symmetry option of the input resistance-deflection curve.
If KSYM is set equal to 1, then the total number of points on the curve will be twice the value
of NPOC. In this case, the point of origin of the curve should not be specified.
If KSYM is set equal to °(or left blank) or -1, the pOint of origin of the curve must be speci-
fied. In this case, the deflections which are stated as the first pOint and the last pOint
on the curve must be equal but opposite in sign.
If KSYM is set equal to 0, the support is a negative one-way support; that is the beam will lift
off the support when it deflects upward.
If KSYM is set equal to -1, the support is a positive one-way support; that is the beam will lift
off the support when it deflects downward.
There are no restrictions on the order of support curves, except that within any distribution
sequence the beam stations must be in regular order. More than one curve may be placed at a
beam station.
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 Page 10 of 13
The maximum number of points which may be input on any given curve is 10, although udditiona1
points up to a total of 20 may be created internally if the curve symmetry option is
exercised.
WNTOL is the closure tolerance of deflections for matching up the unadjusted part of the
resistance-deflection curve when the original curve needs to be adjusted.
QNTOL is the closure tolerance of resistances for matching up the unadjusted part of the resistance-
deflection curve when the original curve needs to be adjusted.
For any particular resistance-deflection curve, the final deflections of the points in storage ~P
times W-va1ues) must be increasing positively, while the final resistances (QMP times Q-va1ues)
must be in descending or equaling order. In other words, the resistance-deflection curves must
be continuously concave as viewed from the horizontal axis, except that horizontal lines of
zero stiffness can be input for representing the plastic regions of the curve. Softening of
the support is not permitted; that is, no reversal of slope sign of the segment on the support
curve is permitted.
For both one-way (negative and positive) supports, the input order of the points on the curve is the
same, e.g., the final deflections of the points in storage must be increasing positively; in-
ternally, the program reverses the order of the pOints on the positive one-way support curve
after the necessary information for tracing the loading paths has been retained.
If continuing on next curves, the deflections must be equal for the corresponding points of each
curve in the sequence of continuation. In this case, WNTOL, NPOC, and KSYM also must be equal.
The resistance-deflection curve at every nonlinearly supported beam station within the two limits
of "FROM" and "TO" will be linearly interpolated by the program.
The maximum number of beam stations which can be nonlinearly supported is 100.

Table 9. Plotting Switches

Four kinds of plots, deflection or moment along time axis, and deflection or moment along beam axis
may be requested.
If the horizontal axis is TIME, a beam station must be entered from column 26 to column 30.
If the horizontal axis is BEAM, a time station must be entered from column 26 to column 30.
As many as five plots may be superimposed by using the multiple plot switch.
Superimposed plots must all be of the same kind.
There are no restrictions on the order of cards except that beam or time stations must be in
regular order within a sequence of the same kind of plots.
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 (;ONT'D
FROM TO TO NEXT
STA STA CARD P F Q etc ...

•
IndividuOI- cord InptJt
Case 0.1 Data concentrated at one sta .. I 7 ..2...7 10:NO I I 3.0 I
Case 0.2. Data uniformly distri buted . r 5 ~15 I0 -=1/0 I 2.0 I I ~
I 15 20 ----',---P IO-NO I 4.0 I 1.0 I e
I 10~20 IO=NO I I 2.0 I -t
o
Multi pie - card Sequence J.
I I=Y£S I
Case b. First -of - sequence
~~ 0.0 I 2.0 I
ll=YES I
Case c. Interior-of-sequence ........ .
1I I1&0 5 11 =Y£sl
4.0
2.0
I
I
2.0
0·0
I
I
Case d. End - of - sequence . . . . I I 40 IO=NO I 2.0 I I

ReSUlting Distribution of Data

STIFFNESS F
--I 4-
I
I 3
I
- 2
/
- 1 /

/ "
Sto: 5 10 15 20 25

LOAD a - 3 -

- - 2 -
,,--

Sic: 5
frTll
10 15 20
1 -

25 30 35 40
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 Page 12 of 13
TABLE 6. TI~!E DEPENDENT AXIAL THRUST (CONTINUED)

The variable TT(J,K) is input at any bar-number and time station by specifying the value of axial thrust
distributed at beam station "FROM" and time station "FROM" in the columns of inputting TTl, the value of
axial thrust distributed at beam station "TO" and time station "FROM" in the columns of inputting T12 ,
and the value of axial thrust distributed at beam station "FROM" and time station "TO" in the columns of
inputting TT3 .

Beam Sta Time S ta

From To From To TTl T'1'2 TT3
0 5 0 5 4.0E+00 3.0E+OO 2.0E+0 •
10 15 2 2 2.0E+00 3.0E+00 2.0E+00 0
8 9 7 9 2.0E+00 2.0E+00 3.0E+OO 6
8 12 9 9 3.0E+00 1.OE+00 3.0E+00 e
15 20 6 7 2.0E+00 -2.0E+00 1.OE+OO 1/1

12 ----
TT 1r ----
10 ----

TTI=4

Beam Sta \J)

This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 Page 13 of 13
TABLE 7. TI~!E DEPENDENT LATERAL LOADING (CONTINLTED)

The variable QT(J,K) is input at any beam station and time station by specifying the value of lateral
load distributed at beam station "FROM" and time station "FROM" in the columns of inputting QTl , the
value of lateral load distributed at beam station "TO" and time station "FROM" in the columns of inputting
QT2 , and the value of lateral load distributed at beam station "FROM" and time station "TO" in the columns
of inputting QT3 .

Beam Sta Time Sta

rom To From To QTl QT2 QT3
0 5 0 5 4.0E+00 3.0E+00 2.0E+0 •
10 15 2 2 2.0E+00 3.0E+00 2.0E+0 0
8 8 7 9 2.0E+00 2.0E+00 3.0E+0 tJ.

+-'
8
15
12
20
9
6
9
7
3.0E+00 1.OE+00
2.0E+00 -2.0E+00
3.0E+00
1.OE+00 e
•
\..
~O QTI
C:j
4'l.
II ---- ~,~

OT

OTI=4
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 APPENDIX E

GLOSSARY OF NOTATION FOR DBCS

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1,\ ~Ut-' OF PLOTS TO RF PIOTTEO 0'" C'ljF F ~AI.IE 07J~1 ..J? FINAL INTEONIl q'A. STA USfO r' TAdlE ~ 07JUI
I ~;: TA DI\llO[(J By 2 IT" TFGEQ) "7 Jl'l < I""TEq~AL lIME ST4 1)1Jl)1
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I r' t (_) f'..L'·' rF- I-lUIF\Tc: 1~, JTf-I J..'LtiT . D7JlJl \ ~ I'EFL. ? ~ SLOPF" , 1 = hOT~ 07J~~J

IF L ~ ( ) swITCH f,-,'p..( FIQC;T II~LOAL11NG Cllc:t: ;j 1 JU 1 K Cl a Sf SwITCf-I TLJ INOTCIITF" THAT OEj:L[l"ry"".:: ,:;lE :1J'v'1
It, : 3' } BEAM C;TA ~I-ICH IS C:PECIF"IE') r;("~ r.1::'';':1 A~£- (11 ~llJ 1 NOT CLOSED!IF". 0) J7Jl'i
KC~T( l COUNTER FO~ CLO!UQ.N~E 0F ~EFlECT!ONS 07JUI
"'E~l I~ TA.RLF" 1 07 Jll I
I'<.EEP2 THRoJ ,[E"9 IF~lt KE£P PI:::JIOQ n6TA, TARLES 2 _ ~ 07JUl
1I'''l4 ( ), T~ 1 ~ ~ INITIAL £XTEpNAL I=IFA~ STA(T481 ~c: .. A"r 5' 1'l1Ju1
01 J(!! KEYr 1 QOUTprG SWITCH F"OQ InE'~TIFYI"'~ C4SE.: ~II~ <")£:,01Jul
1 f\ 1 B ( ). I N,.;E { I~ITrAL ANC FIN4L FXrfQ~'AL ST6 I~A~Lf ~)
II ;4 ( i. r, ,~~ ( ) FI~AL FlTE~N6L ~EA"" ~TA(TA4lF~ ~ 6\~ ~\ 07 Jll) SPECIFIEr (ONnITIONS 0F nlsplACE.E'T~07JLJI
[f'. 5- A V TE~P~~AR'I' \lAII}!=: Or I"i13f ) ('I1JLll
I'<.E:YP( 1 S~ITC" Tu INOICATF THAT Pl0T ,XI< IS ?7JU]
lOrN r I\ll~ I"':F ~~L.INLI~fAI:::J ~lIPPO~TS. '''~E~E ,u..,P,-,TfO n1J U l
TIM[IIF=1I OR BfAMIIF=2l ?7JIJ]
I'<.E'I'PTt I. KYS T ( I TFMP~~ARY \lALUf OF KEYP{ ) S KYS( ) Fn~ 07JLl
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A"'O ACJI STFC ~-\Jj C"~\I~'·, ,,"I"'I~' LI\.:..,"'I6('1_ 01 Jt,' I PlOT CF MO_ENT ALONG THE BE •• A'IS 07JUI
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I {lJ:: ( , "'(IUTp.iG :::'''ITCH :-OQ INITTAlLY A"-i "'t,.";"6- o1Jl' 1 I( ~~ x C()LINTER FOR NUM oF- STAC; EXCEE~PJ~ /"lAX G1JUl
Nf~TL'I' C:P~cl~TFn cn~OITl~~S 07JlJI ALLU.ABlE nE~lErT!nN 07JUI
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c ""1 I ) INITIAL INTEpNAL ilME 51A,TA!lES b A~D 7, 07J"1 C TMIS PRc8LFu a7JUI
c 1(1\'2 \ ) FINAl INTERNAL TI~F. STAITA:lLE~ 6 "0 7' 07J'l C ~(TZ ThRU 'C17'~lT, TOTAL N0~ OF CARD5 I~ TME PAQTICllLAR TABLr07JU!
c <OFFC ( SwiTCH TO INDICATF TMAT DULfCTloNS EtCEEon7JUl C ~C"',:; T~TAL .UM OF cURVES IN TABLE' 07JUj
C LIMITS 0' SUPPORT CURvES OTJul C ~Cl' ThOU "C19 INITIAL I~CEx VALUF FOR THE INPUT To TME 07JUI
c KPC ROUTING CO~NTER FnQ (ouPLETE PRI~T-O~T 07JUI ( PARTICULAR TARLE
~U" OF C~RCS INPUT RFPEATEOLY IN TABLE 9
07JUI
07JUl
c OF ~ESUL TS 07 JU 1 (

r CO~PLETE PPINTOUT OF TMf RESLLTS OF EVERy 07JUI C INCE' USED I. TME ITEIlATIoN CO LOOR 07JUI
C STA AT EVERY KPI TIME ST. 07JUI C ITERATION ~U.PER AT WHICH THE LO.a ITERA- Q7JUI
C f'i"SI. INIERNAL TI"E STA I'F ~PI I <PI'4 I OTJUI C TIO~ .ETHO~ ~TAIlTS 07JUI
C <0 I I INITIAL EXTERNAL TI"r STA IjSEn I'! TA~LE 7 07JUI HTT SAVEr VALeE OF NIT FnR THE FIRST CYCLE OF 07JUI
C jt;Ql{ FINAL ExTER'IAL Tly' <TA ,'c<n I" YA~lE 1 07JlI ITE~ATI"N~ 07JUI
C <~ 1 !'!'IOR VALUE OF "R?4 I )0 KR25 I " K';ZA I) Q7JUI c NU. C' SUPPORTING STAS W"ICH .AV, NO~_ 07JUI
C KRH I I. ~R25 I ), CONTINUE SWITCH Fn~ rNPliT COUI~III~G ON Q7JUI C LINeAR RESIST'NCE-DEFLECTION CURVES 07JUI
C KlllB I ) NEXT CAIlD I TA8LES ~. 5. AND 8 I 07JUI ROUTING SWITCH WHiCH TELLS TMF PRO~RA~ 00 07JUI
C '5 ( I SAVEO VALUE pF .SAVI ) Fell EAtH pLOT FRAMF07JUI C O~E ~~~E CYCLE OF LOA~ ITERATIONS 07JUI
C KS.V TEMPORARY VALUE OF KASE I I 07JUI C W~EN THE SOLUTION DOES NOT cLOSE 07JUl
C ,SAlIl A~RAY CONTAINiNG f..TfR~AL aEA~ OR TIME STA07JvI C I.OE. FOH COUNTING THE NU~ O' SLoPES OF 07JUI
C FOA THE TITLfS OF PLOTS 07JUI C NONLI~EAR CV Q7JUI
C KSil4 ( j, KSW5 ( ). ROUTING SWITCH IN TARLE~ " 5 .N~ 07Jvl C NU~ ~F SLOPE_ ON THE NONLINEAR RESISTANCE_07JUI
c "s.~ I ) Q7JUI C DEFLECTION CY AT A PARTICULAR ST. J 07JU!
C ,SYlH ) SYMMETRY OPTION U~FD I~ TA~Lf 07 JUI C INOEX 1'0" TOTAL "Uu of pLOTS 07JUI
C KSYMJ!J) SPECIFIED VALUE O~ KSYM( I AI EACH ST. J Q7JlIi C INDEx 1'0" ~u .. 0" "LOTS nF HENnINt; MO"E"TS 07JUI
t KTl ( ) INITIAL EXTE~N'l Tr"F STA IISEe IN 'A8U 6 07JUI C 'LO~G T"E REAM AXIs Q7JUI
C KT"I ) FINAL ExTERNAL TluE STA USED IN ,ASlE 6 07JIJI C RouTING COUNTFR FoR THE NUH Of pnI~Ts ON 07JUj
( ~Y5 ( I S.ITCH TO INOIC_TE THAT VE_' PLOI AAIS I~ 07JUI ( THE NCNLINEAR RESISTANCE-OEFLECTION 07JUI
DEFlECTION.IF"I) OR M""FNTI,F"Z' 07Jl'1 C CV .~TCH IS t~CREA~ING ITS ~PECIFIEO Q7JUI
LOF OPTIONAL LINE OR POINT PLOT S,ITcH .Hf~ 07J"1 C VALuE OF DEFLECTION FRO" NEr. TO ZERO 07JUI
USING MIcRoriLM OR RALL-POINT PLOTS Q7JUI C OR FIlCM NEG TO POSITIVE 07JUI
L5~ SWITCH W~ICH CAUSFS THE AXIAL LOADS TO BE 07JUI TEMP VALUE OF ,",UM OF POINTS ON suP CV 07JUI
DISTRI"uTEn TO HALF-STAS 07 )UI T"TAl 'UN OF POI~T~ ACTUALLY ON TME NQ~- 07JUI
LSlA INUE. FOR EXTfR~AL BFA- STA Q7JUI LINEAR RESISTANcE-oEFLECTIO~ CV AT A 07JUl
~ 'IJM OF BEAY rNCREwEN'~ 07JUI c OAHTICULAR ST> J 07JUI
,..rltI NUM OF PUINTS fOR EACH PLOT FRAME 07JLJj C ~PCC I ~U" OF PUI~T~ I~PUT I~ TABLE ~ Tn DEFINE A07JUI
c h',tIT 'liM OF JTERATTO~S ~PFCIFlEI) IMAI • S'l 07JUI C PIPIICULAR .nNLINEAR RESISTAN(E- 07JUI
C _r ~UM OF CHA_ACTERS !N PLoT TITLES ,,7JUI ( 'EF~E(TInN CIIRVE 01JUI
( _C~I NUM OF MONITO~ STaTIONS FOR PRINTING TWE 07JUI ( PHOSLE" NUY8ERIPROG STOPS IF • BLANK) 07JUI
C ITEkATION OATAlwA • • ~I 07JUI C 1"0[ • • HIe .. INDICATES T"AT T~F 07JUI
~U~ OF MONITOR STATIONS FOq P~I~TING Rr- 07JUI C OEF~ECTION AT A PARTICULAR ~TA IS 07JUI
SULTSIMU • in, 07JUI C WITMI~ THE SFGMENT CO"NECTEn BETWEEN 07JUI
c OPTIO.AL PLOTTI.~ uET·0~ SWITC" 07 JU 1 C POI~T NPS ANn POINT INPS-ll ON THE 07JUI
c (-l:::l"'IC~OF'Il''', "I 1R f,':jLA .... ~:;>::'::.I ... TFQ, 07 )U 1 C ~ONLI~EAR CV OTJUI
C ·l·tlALL-POI~Tl 07JUj ( INOEI FOM .U~ PLOTS 'lO~G TI~F AX!S 07JUI
~PC ( ) ~1;LT IPLE PLOT 5_1 TeM SAVED FOR E4C~ PL',T C ~U~ OF P~INTs ON TME NONLINEAR RESISTANCE_07JUI
07JvI
~PCT I TEMPOIlARY VAL vF OF "pO I I ,OR PU)TS OF C OEF~ECTION CV AT A PAQTICULAR STA J 07JUI
I o7JlJI
r MOMENTS ALONa T~E .EAM AXIS Q 7Jl'J ( POUTrNG (OUNTER WHICH DEFI~ES TM, 'UM,F 07JUI
r ~PS I ) MULTrPLE PLOT S.ITCH I~PUT IN lA~LE qlI' ~07JUI C ~LOPES SPECIFIEn ON T~E PAP~ICU~AQ Q7JUI
NON~I~EAP RF<I'iTANCE-nEFI cv 07JUI
C ). PLOT IS SI)PERI,"POstu WITH NEH) 07J UI C
qF\II" .. ~'1'!
~"'TTt"~ 'fro "Mn'r.T~ T"':AT TPiE t:'7_'IIl
"PI II-"U "P1 Jr,I; PLUS ONE f,..RU W !)Lll~ ~E.VEt.t 'J7Jlil
'--"ciiF~E~TioN·~T'~-~;iTic~L.R ~uP Sr. I<07JUI
(
c "T ~UM OF TIME INCpEuFNTS 07 J!'l c
"TF2 uT PL US T~C '11Jl!1 ECuAL TO THE vALUE OF T~F FIRST 07Jul
.T •• ~T PIIJS fOLP 07JUI c POINT o~ THE NDNLINEAq suP CVI1F '1) 07JUI
c ~A ~~~ Of PLOtS ~UPE~t~POS£O lIN r~~ FRAME 07JU) C !NOE, '0" FOR SPEtIFIED CONOrTlo~S a7JUI
( 1\,\( INDEx OF NLM OF Pl~TS 07JUI C ~UM OF O>CILl61ING CYCLES OURTNG T~E 07JUI
 ITEKATloN PROCESS nF THE DE<LECTION 07.)UI TT 1J. I) TCTAL VALUE OF TIUE nEPENDENT "TAL .. 7 j

AT A 'ARTICU~,R STA J 07JUI T~~uST FnA T~F PRESE~T TT~~ STA ·7 Fe I

P ·.F<T INTE~POLATTO~ F~Ar.TI~N 07JUI TCTAl VA~UE Cf 7I~~ r,EP~~DENT A~TAL 07AI
GD'21 I, iJ I JI TOA'.SVERSE STATIC 10,0 IINPUT "'m TOTALl 07JUI T"RUST AT T~O TIME STA Ar.O
C '8F<OP PROJECTEU VERTTCAl VALUE 0< EACH SEG~ENT 07JUI TTII I,TTll I,TT)I ) I~PUT VAcUES OF TI~E DEpEN~E'T .xIAL
C a_ H<E SIlP Cv 07 JUI THRUSTS (TABLF. ~) ': ~.Jl i
C 'I I JI ITERATIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTED AT 6EAM STA 07Jul CO~PIJTED DEFLECTION AT ~EA'" STb I ~O~ '1'~E 11JL 1
C <CR T"E PRfS~'T TIME STA 07JUI PRE SEq TT"E .TA 07JUI
C G 1'1 I _ I ITERATIvE LOAn oI<;TRI8uTEO AT ~E.M STA 07Jul CO~PUTED OEFlECTlnN AT ~EA'" STA J FOP THE 11Jll
~OR T~E P~FVT~UC TI~E ST~ 07 JU I PRE,ICUS TI"F STA
1;1"2101 ITE.,TIVE LOAn -ISTRI8UTED AT ~F.M STA 07Jl'I CO.PuTED DEFLECT InN AT REA" STA Twn
(
I
T_a TINE STA, AGO
If'vPt'T I;A\..UE ;OF qEC;,c;.TAr.;rE--',1JL "'IP, IE.~
07J UI TIMe:: STA. AG~
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J"- 1
SEGYF~.-~~j~:
1'"
C ~~p ( 07 Jl' I
e "TOc I I I,cUT VALUE CF AES;STANCE-TOLFRA:Cl 07JUI C or,. T~E SUP Cv 07Jul
C C"'" TOL"; ( ) DISTRIBuTED VALUE nF RESISTA.[E-TOLEoANCE 07JUI C O. ITE~'TION CATA STnREo FOR TME FIRST CYCLE 07Jul
C GP I'PU· SUP CV RESISTANCE VALUE. 07JUI C OF ITER6TIO' 01 JL :
SRECIFIEU .AxIMU~ ALLD'ABLE DFFLF.CTION oTJC I
."'~-I
C GPT FINAL DISTRIBUTEe Rf5ISTANeE vALI.ES 07Jul C
C GPU FI"l SUP CV RESIsTANCE VALUE. 07J"1 C W~P I INPUT VALUE OF DEFLECTION-MULTIPLIER H JUI
C GpvT TE~PrIHd~l' VAl I IF..:; ~~ ~t~TS"'( A.~CE' Oe- THE 07JUI C ONTOLI ) l'iPUT VALUE OF oEFLEcTION-TOLFRANCE ~7 j', 1
e
C:- (J)
~('I'\T~ ct. (;:l'P CJ
~ .. tr co~~ECTIG~ L~AD t · HEA~ ST~ J FOP
D1JUI
07JUI
C
C .,oPT
'''OLJ ( DISTRI"JTEC VALUE of DEFLECTION-TOcEC,'CE r'
INPUT SUP ev nEFL<rTTON V_LUFS )7J\ :
T~f p;~VrOL~ TT~E STA 0"' JlIl C FI'Al DISTAI8UTEO nEFLfcTION VALUES 07JGi
(~T ( J . } ) T' lAL \'Al.I'E r";r 7to.A~ I t: P F'.:1fNT L0~D 07JUI C OPU FINAL SuP CV DEFLFrTIO' V_LUES 07J~)
.Sl;"'Yf'I'Tfr'! ~T ~E·o.A c.;TA ,J 07JUI C ... P~T TF"pr.ARY VA, tlE~ nF DEFLECTION OF THE 07Jl~l
Fe...: T~~ p>-?fCir,...T ,. (~~E STA 07 JU I POINTS nN SUP CV 01Jl:l
',,', (J. : I T~TAL ~A~i)E n~ T~F 'T~~ D(PENr~~T LO_O 07JUI S,ECIFIEU VALUE OF DEFLECTIO' AT STA JS 07JUI
T~O TTME ST~ A~r 07JllI ITERATION CATA STORED FnR THE SErOND CYCLF07JUI
G TIl ) t ~T 2 , ) • ~ T .. ( 1 !~,F~IT VAl\'~ S r>~ TT~'F: OU'E..N~l(f\.T LnAOS 07JUI or ITERATIO' D7J'
~T,·tl~ ~ 7J C7JUj • "If ( ) DEFLFrTIUN _T PAEVIOUS ITERATION 07JLl
RE'CTI I ~ET ~EACTrC~! ~N !~~ Q~COL ~T fAC~ dE~M 51A07JUI C _w. I(S )(
_ A )
rEFLECTIy' Twn IT.DATIONS AGO Q7JCI
...... p .. ) ( I, .) h ~ I,ll LU~Pfr ~~SS r~N~ITY (7~DlJT A~,n TnT_LI 07JllI C ~
'A"E OF H"OIlONTAL AxIS INRUT IN TABLF C7JU)
~J\'Z: , I, R 1JI ~()Tt.TI~:;":" "'le;TPAI,,'T (l .... P IT b.~'D TOTALI 07 Jill C AF ( ) STOREO VALLE~ OF BfA" OR TI"E STA ~U~ 07JUI
SLCP~ StOPF OF EAC~ S~G~FNT o~ T~E ~uP C~ 07Jlil C FOR T"E PLOT. 07JUI
Sf; I I, SIJ) LINF.R SPRING SUP ~TIFf IT~PUT A~D TOTAL) 07JUI C Xp.I:{ I SCALE Fa" THE HORI7 PLOT AXIS 07JUj
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STA J FOR T~F p~E~Fr.T TIuE ST~ 07 JU I FDA T"E PLOT<; 07JLI
~ ~)t( "" 1 (J) F I"'At SP.-IIJ\G C1")II.;ST&NT DI5T~I~IJTEn AT REA" 07JUI C ,A t AA CUEFF IN STIF<NES~ MAT"IX 07JG1
STA J FoR TMF PREVIOUS T'ME STA 07JUI C YAX I S ( 'AME OF VERTICLE AIlS INPUT IN TAijLE 9 07JG:
SSK~:dJ) F l~Al t;Pr-o;lJ\G Cn .... STbNT IIISTQIA'iTEn AT REAM 07JUI C YB. I-!e COEFF IN SYIFFNES~ MATRIX 07JLI
~rA J T.~ TI~F ~TAS AijO 07JUI C yc, CC COEFF IN STIFFNESS MAT"TI 07JU)
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~E:Td • 4 LETTLh~ t8E~"''' ·~ED TO I~"Ic&T£ T"'AT 07 Jll I C yF, FF COEFF IN STIFFNFSS MATOII 07JUI
PLoT IS r\Lr ... ~ I-oEA~ A-re; D7JUI C y~ ( ) SCALE Fa" THE VERT PLOT AilS 07JCI
TE~TiJ LETT[RS ,DEFL. USED TO I'oICATE T"'T 07JIII
T"E VERT 6XIS IS JfFLFCT10N HJUI
TEST"" ~ 4 I_ETTE~S ,,~ONTt LJt:;EO T1") INr>rC~T~ THAT 07.IU)
THE VERT A'I. IS "n"~~T 'i7JUl
! rc:: T" • • LfTH.RS tTI-,' ')SEO TO INnIoTt THAT o7JUI
PLoT IS ALa'" TTME AXIS 07 JlJ I
T 1", C TI~f II\;.C~E~ENTC; Fn~ TNTr~POLATln"J I rJ 07 JI' I
TARLt:5 6 Al\.n 7 07.Hi]
T,..".;: ( I, TI ,) ~T:TTC AAl~L TF:~~,nN OG C', '~cr5SrO~ (I .... PIJT01 JL'l
A'D ICT.LI 07JUI
This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 APPENDIX F

FLOW CHARTS AND LISTING OF DECK OF PROGRAH DBCS

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 175

GENERAL FLOW CHART OF DBC5

.--------~------~D.I
[READ & PRINT Problem I.
Terminate if Prob.
No. 1.S blank
I
IREAD & PRINT Tables 1 thru 81
I
Distribute and generate all the
nonlinear curves of the sup sta I
I
Retain slopes, Qdrops, Wdrops ofl
the segments on each sup curve
I
IREAD & PRINT Table 9~
I
I~nterpolate & distribut~1 CALL S UBROUTINE
data from Tables 4 and 5 INTERP3

"k
I
(--- DO requested number of time sta
I
I Compute time variant axial thrusts
I and la tera 1 loads for the present
time s ta k and time sta k-2
''':/: See d eta i led
flat.;r chart on

I I pages 152 to 160

I r-- - DO requested number of iterations)

I I I
- DO for each nonlinear sup )
I I I
I I (
First cyclel
1
Second cyc le 1

+ + I
I
I I
Inter pola te to Sup. curve adjust- No
find resistance ment necessary'?
I stiffness & load
I I from sup curve rYeS
Find resistance I
I I stiffness & load
I I from new curve
)
I I I
I I ----·1 CONTINUE)
I I I
176

I I Go back for

I I I
f
the second
cycle of
I II compute matrix coefficients, recur-
sion or continuity coefficients,
iterations

I I .and deflection at each beam statiol

I I
t I Icount number of sta. not closed and

I t
number of sta exceed maximum
allowable deflection
I I
I I Set up monitor data for this iteration

I I !Test closurance of deflection

I I
I I
Yes

I I
I l- - - - - -
I
I
I Compute slopes, moments, shears, and
sup reactions for the revious time sta
]

I
I Retain deflections and moments for plot~
I
I PRINT iterational monitor deflec
tions and computed results
I
l- - - - - - - - - -

Plot results if requested in table 9

Go back and READ new problem number

 177

GENER.A,.L FLOW CHART OF TUlE DO LOOP

I
Initialize
KPC == 0
KK == 0
NPBT 0
I
Clear storage for variables:
IFUS ( ) , QI( ) , SS ( ';, ,
SSKMl ( \} , QIN1( ) , & QLH2 ( )
I
,.------- DO 7000 K == 1 , MTP4 )
f
I I
Initialize &
I clear storages
I MOel == 0
ITeS 0
I ITCSR == 0
lOCNT 0
;::

I KK=KK+ 1 I
I I
ICompu te . dynamic
axia 1 :hrus tsl
I & dynamlc lateral loads for
I !ti.me Sta. K & time Sta. K-2

I __
_ _ _ _69_1_0 DO 6000 NIT ==
1 ,MAXIT
I r ~----~~--~

I I Initialize for next iteration If linear prob

set MAXIT := 1
Q(J) + QT(J,l)
I I QI(J)
SS ) == S (J) - - J == 1, NP 7
Q(J) == static load

~\
QT(J,I) dynamic
load at time Sta K
S(J) linear spring
YES
t INIT) (linear
case)
constant
NCV8 == num of curves

I I (----- DO 6056 NN t\NC

in Table 8
NNe '" Total num of
I f nonlinear sup

I Ii NP1S

I I I
J ISTA(NN)
NOS NOSJ(NN)
I I IP® NPCT == NPTTS(NN)

I I
I I I 6504
178

I I I

I I I 0910

I I I IOSW \ J) Switch
I I I YES for load

~II
iteration

Initialize
I (NIT~ for the firs t

II ~
load iteration
W(J,KK) = W(J,KK-l)

ttt
I 1\

I I I
I I \
I I I YES
I I I \First

l I I cycle)

I I I 1,.JPT (NN, 1)

I I I deflection value
of the firs t pt.

I I I IS
ABS (W (J ,KK)) "
on the sup curve

I I I ABS (W (J , KK - 1 ) )

I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I YES

I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I 6086

I I I 669 6504
 179
I 6910
I
Yes
I
?

I
I Yes
~
I I
CDI No

I I I
I t

: FI
I I
I t
~I
I No
I
I
I I
Yes

I I
I I
Determine the location
of the greatest slope
I (WPT (NN, NP)
I
I
I Yes

I
I
I one-way
support)

I
I No
I
I I
Yes

I I I
6086
I I I 6 6504
180
I
6910
I I
Yes

I I
I I
t I
II Yes

b0l I
605
IUS(J) IUS(J) + 1 I US (J) = Swit c h
to indicate
tha t the sup cv
I + I
FI
is revised
Determine the resistant
support stiffness at
previous time station

I
~ IS the previous
resistant stiff- Yes

~
ness within
elastic range?

No

Retain the deflections and

I the resistances of the
points for the unadjusted
I part of the supcv

Revise the portion of the

new path of the sup curve

Connect the new path to

the unadjusted part and
renumber the order of
the aupport curve

60 6

04
 181

I I
I I I
Interpolate to find re-
I I sistant stiffness and
load value from sup cv
I I
I I 6086

I IS

~
NO YES
r--...... IOSW (J) == 1
I ?
I I I Use spring-load
(tangent modulus)
use load it-I
Ieration Md
t t t iteration Md.
I I I
FII
I\
'--- - - - 6056
-'1 CONTINUE )

~
6504IS
INIT)
YES ITCS?== 0
I
I NO

I IS there a sup sta NO

where the Q-W curve } - - -.. . .
I has been revised?

I Set
YES

I ITCS == 0
ITCSR == 1
I
I 6505
I compute matrix coeffi- I
I I cients at each beam sta

I Compute recursion or con-

tinuity coefficients at
I each beam station
I Revise continuity coef-
I ficients for specified
conditions
I
I 6175
182

I
b50S 6910
I
I Compute deflection
at each beam sta
I
I YES
I I '2
(Linear
case)

~I
NO
Count number of stations
exceeding max allowable
I I deflection and number of
stations not closed
i INIT)
I YES
i
YES

IS there a sup sta where

the deflection oscillates
during the iteration
process?
YES
Set switches for Load
Iteration Md. IOSW(J) 1

YES

Check the deflections

are within the ranges
of adjusted parts of
sup curves or not?
If not, revise them

Retain monitor deflec-

tions for this iteration

6000
6175
 183
I
6505 6910
I
I YES
I I
I I
~I NO

I I
I I NIT)
IOeNT
YES
I I
I I
t t

YES
IOeNT
IOeNT + 1

Use the largest re-

sistant stiffnesses
and iteration loads
of new curves

YES

YES

Initialize for starting

the second cycle of
iterations
184

I I 6910
Do one more cycle
I I YES of load iterations

I
I for double check.

I
I INIT) PRINT iterational
I I monitor deflections

I I YES
f t
I Il
------ - - - - -- - -6000
--
I
I

F
I
YES Set
IOSW (J)
=1
I Set switches for printing

I error messages of not closed

within the specified num of
I iterations

I
6175
I
YES
I
I
I Compute slopes & shears oj
the bars and moments & sup
I reactions at the joints for
the previous time station
I
I Retain monitor deflections
I or moments for plots

I PRINT monitor or complete

results for the previous
I time station

I
PRINT monitor deflections
I during the iteration process

I
 185

I
I NO

~ PRINT ERROR
message of
not closed
I YES
and STOP

t
I Reset
I W(J,I) H(J,KK-I)
I W(J,2)
KK == 2
h'(J,KK)

I
I
l 7000
'------------- -

Plot deflections
or moments along
either time or
beam axis for
I the reques ted
Imonitor stations

GO back and READ new prob. no.

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) or. 0 !f'o<::'(,,"') • Irtpc;,(I\I) 17~EO
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l?~n PRINT ?r]. ~A~TT. wMAX. ~TOL, ( ~I~SII), 1 = I. M0NI ) 31"1r~0 pW!~T 311, T~11(r), KA~ftt,j). ~<::.(")' t'1I-lS(N) 17SEO
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1311 IF I "FYIJS) - I ) '1080. 1]7<. 1375 OUES 30 Tr'i 147~ 04JA5
1312 PP}NT 313. r"d1(t\l • • ~<;E(t;'), 'wc::.(f\). (')wSp\). ICPSPq 175EO 1460 P~INT 413. TP\r4(r...)t ~~?'J(Nl. F",,';:H~'i. QD~2("')' S~2fN). T~2("'), 04JA5
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1375 POI"T 907 02FES (~O TO 1530 OSSEO
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1400 PRI'T 400 04JE) pol 1'~1"''5(''} _ if 3. 1511. 1521 05sEo
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1 II·n. R~2n;l, CN?O,l O~SEO NCT~ & P\CT5 • ~C05 OSSEO
GO T~ 0'J'5 153(1 If ( ~'Ci'!' ... lOC 1 '535. IS15t 1533 O~sEo
14.11 P~lNT 4]2. p .. 14(~), ",Q?4{Nit F""2t~), QrH.. zO>"l, $N21,,'I, TN2(t-.}, 04J~~ IS33 PRl~T 90. OSSEO
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1433 >-~Q I f\ T 90 4 04JA5 H ( t<S.13i"\l - 2 ) 1550, 1560 OSSEO
GO TO ",q99 05SEo IS50 POI>'T '11' r~I'I'). 1~25INl. INI, R~ON2(N)' OIN~(NI' DENtlhl 055EO
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04J"5 156{) PPlr-.T 413. Tf\2~{r...). 1o(~25(N). P~Ci"'2U'J). Ol~2'N). OEN2tNl 055£0
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1 H;? p. 1. Q't\Z (1''1.). Cf\,'? !Ni O~"EO I~ , KEF~6 J 9'190' I~OI' l~IU OSSEO
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16-0 If ,rTf - -C16 ) 1100, 1'05, 1605
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1.05 Cf 1'70 NClf, NCT. 'r OSSEo ~·,C 1P c~cv~·l 20DEO
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PAT..,T ~l;)t TTl(",~, IT2{N}, KT1(NI, ,\l2(1\) , TTlH,j), TTZt"', r,"::(I\, C"EC IP]O If ( ,evA - >0 1 1'3~. 183'. 1833 2"~~ 0
1'" 7 fl: (( r. T 1 ",-\'~ 05~tO IAj] ."INT 900 24rEo
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1126 CCt\.TT',lIf 05SEo
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1730 IF ( _C.7 - IQ~ ) 17,5, 17'"' 1 7 33
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1711 PO I NT 90' 240£0
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17]5 IF ( ~cr7 ) ,g~O. 1737, 1740 OSSEo
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2.rEO (('\ 1 s;q~ c 1. !\CV8 200"0
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~.(V9 ::: f\CT8 I
r.o TO 1 p?" 2.Dfo DO lARO f\P s 1. t\PCT 24DEO
 QPV("' ..... ~) • CP("'JtNP) • l";",,PO~t ZO~EO r~ ( 15T.A (~-,..;rl ,hE. ,J ) Gn TG fl082 26JUI
WOVt~a~'~t = .P(~:."'D) 0 ~MPINI <.n~o !5\r. L.ti = I"l I<'E\
1860 C0~T'~0E Z'~EO IS"I
TF I "PO - 1 I le~5. IPo~. 1895 20DEO IS'El
I BPS PQ TId qq~l 2.nEO l5'Ej
GO ,~ 9999 2"flF. 0 f 10,,:( :: ,.." C + 1 ISHl
c-----c~EeK POI~'s 'r~ PoOFER 0R~.p 240Eo IF ! ~SV~(~I' .~~. K~'M(N)
) GO TO lee! 15'U
1891:, r(' p:1Qfl 1\P 7. f\PCT ZOOl':o 1F "PCTSf',)l .',E. ,PCTS"! I GO TO IP85 15'fl
If ( ~P~c~.~~1 aLE. ~P\"~t~P-l) GO Tn IBe! IHEl 1~ ( J .Fr.. "1 ,(\R. J .E~ • .;END ) lSlLltJ) c I~FEI
IF l QPV{l'\.'Pl .('T. "';;\i(~ •• ~,p-n I GC H" iOA~ l~'El !f I Jl - A:' ('J ~ E:P). fI~2. 6fl 15'EI
lAO" Cf'rTlf\Uf 2411£0 PR;~-T qQQ) I~'EI
GO Tn 1"9\ 240EO r.r, Tn Q-:,qQ 15FE I
1~90 I f ' ,sye(NI .'E. I ) r,n TO lABS zom,o I S ... Co') • () I~FEI
1891 IF I KS'~(~I .'F.. 1 ) (,0 TO IB92 2aOft} ~-Pr-T
t r :: 1" "pc T
:= ... (oJ("c:(~11 I"FFI
C-----APPl y S'"'"FTOY OPTIO" TO en~~TQUcr UT~E~ MAL' C" SUPPO"! CuRVE 2<"f.0 ('C f.!" 1'l3 1"'[1
NP1 • NPOCt~) + 1 Z40ro !F' 1 "'P\'n,l.~'p) ."'~' tl,PVOouNF') } GO TO 1885 15FEI
~P' • NPOCI'I • 2 200EO "PT (f~"'C.NP) • WPV(Nl,NP) 15fEI
00 1 ~Q:3 t P lit f\ Pl. NP2 ,<('EO 0.PT ["NC~NPl • OP\l(Nlf~p} • p~RT· ( QPVtN.NP} - OPvl'l,~P'15'EI
t\f\ ~ "'JP ... ~FCT '4rEO I Is.f I
QP~(~fNP) • CPVCN1~~) 24!lEO c T : r,1 'It"
~'.", I~HI
~PVI"'1NP) : ~P~I"',,~N' r4nFO n ( ~""! "-i} ,I'E. WNTOL("") 1 GO TO Ifl8S 21A c I
l~q3 !N~f •• r>Eo .... r..Tl"i.;'.?-.r:} 1: w~:TnL[""'l) <l~cI
1~94 ",r. l' ~PCT cI.GF:O ':t,·"'tL.;h • l..~.T(\llNl} • PAQT • , Q~TOL IN! - QNT~L 'd I ) I~Fn
~~ % ~p, • 1 - ~p 24nfO NPTT~U"C c ""FC;~(~l) ISHI
PP\'l~tt!P) llI: .f'!PVCNfNNl 240EO I S l' ~ i ~ fir) • ,; 15'(1
_P\I (t .• r"oJ • • \lfPV(t·.N~l Z4DEO KS¥~~I~~C} • ~S¥M{~l) ISfE I
IB90 C0'T1N~F Z41'F 0 [F ( A~C;{\Io:PT~~r.C.l}) ./\iF • .AF:St",Of(Np..C.t.JPCT,) ) GO TO IPS,! ISFEI
NPCr~O,,\ :If ",P? Z4nEo ('C,,-T1MJf IS.EI
1';0 Tn }P7t5 24nEO TF ~Q'P{~' .~E. 1 I ~n Tr 0070 ZPOEn
IRQ2 ~JPC'5('jt , ~pnC'N' 2<f'EO p jC 'r J = If'\2RtNI 2PD'0
2<OEO hI :;. t~ 2FOEo

.,
1&15 c~~t[~U~
C- ____ ~Ff\EPAT~ ~LL T~F SLPPC~f'~G ~T~ hONlJ~EA~ CURVf~ 15FEl If ,.1-1 ~ It! ~ t- 1 'POFO
, 'f 0 15Fli ¥~ 1 ~ n <PDFO
: 0 ?~OfO GO Tr; ':l(l~': ZPOEO
1<"'1
DC 1'65 <FDEO K,01 1 ZPDfo
IF i KOI ft;T",
= I. , eve
, ) (:(1 Te ~!""t. ZPf'fO CO~Tt"I;~
c
ZPDF.O
2r~Ec iF ( PC _t, ~ lce J '-L tP]4 lC:fF:1

..
,,) 'f()
"=
6066
If i KP?F II\IJ
JI IN181NII
fFO. I I
..•• (,0 T~ b070 2pr" 0
<PDf 0
2PDfn
Pj;;I~i
GO TO 9qG9
90.

C-----~.VF SLOPF'. r.rpops. w~Rnp~ 'OQ EACH CURVE

15F~
ISfE I
l~FE
1

.
IN?SI"I
J?
Or"C"
JE',C
JZ
J2
~
- ~l 2pr>E 0
,pOEO
IP74 D0 1876
NP('T
"
•
1.
~PiTS\I\'l
"r 1~"1
IS" I
!!'.EI
If
IF ~~<4
OE"r". • r.T • 0 I «0 TO M"7
.Cf. JI , G~ 70 f;06e
<PCEO
21<OEO 1877
If
TF
IF (
[ NPrf -
( KSVlJ,.IP''o!'
~sy~~cr.) .~r.
;> }
.N~ ..
leAS. lPc11,
1 i
1 ) on TO 1979
lP7P
Gr"') TC lflf:\S ll:,rr:l
15'El
G0 Tn 6075 Z80EO 1 A78
6067 IF I MP4 .1 E. JI GO Te, tlO7~ ZPOEo ~,::;c;; • t~pCT I ? l~'EI
IF I MD. .GE. Je an To ~O6~ 2POfO CO IH97 "P. 1. ~OS I~'EI
JEf\D = .0, ZOOEo NN :
Ql'c;;rp
l\(jr::-
,"JP)
... ",-,P •
QPf(~.NNl
l~FEJ
GO 1 n 6t'16Q ZPOEO (~. QPT(N'NN+l) - 15'E!
"(,POP (".NP, WPT(N,NN+l} - ~ wPT(N.N~) lSFEl
Dru::", = 1.0 2pOfO
00 6080 J : JI.
IF ':1 .fO. 1 I
~(Nn
"r Tf> C,)."
ISHI
I~ffl ,. (
SLrPfIN.NPI • Qr>Hr,P{N.NPI
",0 .EO. I ) ('n TO lA97
Q[lAOP(N.NP}
WDROPlN"PI

a~QOP(N.,PI • 2.0
IOFEI
10. r.1
IOFEI
IF ~~q .. to. 0' l GO TO «,("1 2 .. ,.1IJt
IF I ~":>S I>,-?I .fO. 0 ) en 2tJJ\!} wi,Q(,,:P ! "" , . . IP J = ~pPnp(N.NP! • 7..0 10FI'I
 (n~T!"J, 1 ~F ~ i 3~rEC
IM7
",n <.: ... fl'>.} = ~('5 I'on lr ( ~CTG - ~ ) l-;;::6, 1911t 1911 3cnEO
GC" Til 1 PPI'- £lA P I IQl\ :: c, 1 v?~ " = 1. F\ (T q 30DEO
~'p(I .• T ~ 0 IrFFI pp'",r QOfl, li:,O_YS(NI r YAXTSI~) t I'fSWIN) t I~FEI
,")Pr-1 I :t! t'~CT - 1 I~~tl r:cr-.TINUF 3n~EO
to lQqp F\D::: I, ~PCTl Iurl (f't ... ~: t:F 3nDEO
JF i t.FI«Io-PT!r---.t:'l~'.l) ... WPT{Ntl'-,P) 1 nf'!. 1 Ct. '1'- T 41 3nDEO
.o.14~(,,,PT p'".,,'P)) 1 ) GO T(I 1898 ISH I I\-c;q !'-CT9' I 3rDEO
I\;PIF~'(' :::I ,,-p 10,[1 ~CTq I'-CTQ· I\;r:09 30DEO
NDrl'\ T =- NPCt' • 1 10,EI 193n I~ [ ~(TG - 10 ) 'Q3~t 191 c • ]933 05JAI
r:r,t, T T\IJ~ ll'r'fl lQ~l OwII'-T 91)Q. 20DEO
If (~)pr,\T .~f.;; 1 (,0 T('I1Ailr. lcr::r:l G(" Tn 9~;":; 30~EO

~~C< ::: '.plF"~f' 1 OF'; 1 1<t11S IF"! r erg ) ~9POt 19'37, 1940 30nEo
IS-U 19'7 P~I'T 903 30~EO
\0<:,1 f r c:: 1 ft

OC) 1P99 ~P:= I ' f\OSl l~~r::l G" Tn 2COO 30nEo

f)('.Q("lP(-.."NP) • - ( OPT(NH.OS .. ""P·ll .. CPT(,"<I'~'1S-~~j;.n l!!oF"El 19 4 0 IF c :.(T9 ""' "C19 1 2('1001 lqo.~, 1~45 3n~EO
wO~rplN.NP) = ~~TIN.NnS~NP.], - ~PT(~.NOS_~P) l!~EI 1945 CO 1910 • = ~CI;, h(T9 30DEO
SLnpE(~.NPJ • GnRnPIN,NPl I wDRnp(~.~PI l~~El p r to rJ q 1l XAll S (On, YAX TS (N), t "r' S \If 'N) l MP S (""l 10'[1
DPT"'" '1e~. 'tA:t!5!Ni. YAXyS(N). TYSif"/'..H JoIPs[rd 10,[1
1~99 CONT l"l'E I oFF I
N0S"jt~1 ~ NeSl l~F~l IQ10 CONTINUE 300EO
Tr:: f SL0Pf'!N.NOS) . i f . 1.1')£""'06) 60 To 1l!64 lSr-El [-----r'TEAPCL"E ._D rIS'~IAUT[ .ALUES rAO~ TABLE. 055[0
5Lr-.pr !t~.Nr,S) := thO l C fEl 2nOr; LSI<' IE 0 300EO
'tJOP(,PH-J.NOSI :: WPTP.~.f\OS.l. - wPTfI\'.~05) l"f€l :-:.It 1""lE~r::" 1.\07. ~CT4. 1".114, I",,24 I K~24, P',? r::. l S.... K5 W4) 1 noco
QOj:JnP(~.N()S) r I'}.O i5ffl (tlL r~Trpp~ ( ~o7t "-Cf4, IN14, 1r\'2'" Ko:t2 4 • aCN? Q. LSM, KS" I looco
"O~J('l • NCS l~~EI CtlL I~TE~P~ V07, I'CT4, 1IIi14, 1N24. KR24, S"'2. S, lS"" KSW4 I 100CO
CAll If\TE:PPJ Ito'p7. F\(To.. tNl4. 1~"4. KQ24. R'2. R, LS'" <~.4 I lanco
G0 TO IP"t 21'''1
Ifl64 ;"QQ(,;Ph... Nf')S)' • WDT(I'H!\CStll ""' wPT(/'It'NOS} • wc;;toPfNI~OS1115F"El r'Ll I~TERo~ 1 ~P1. ~C'4, 1""14. IN24, f(w24, C"2. Cc. LS~, KSW4) loncr
C-----~.fC. T.~ ppnpE~ 0"O£P D' SLOR,S ,r~ T"IS ~n'LINEAp 'UP cu~.r 211Pl r:Al( I"T(D~i i ,,",P7, "(TS, ! r~ 1 '" • IN25. KR2~, i=4r<CN2, ~~(1. lS",.J(SwS )lo(:L
P l£;:"P~ "'P7, ~ eT5, nde:.. 1'25. K~2;. 01""?- nt, LSM, l(C;w5 l 1r.nr:o
IA~6 ,OSh • ~OSJI'l - I clAPI ('!t t

00 lARl ~~. = If ~nS~1 2IAP! (All l"TEPP; ""'P7, ~CT5, Pd'" K~25. ~E~'. nEt L~~. K~~5 t lonco
IF' t SL""PF'P".Nf\) .LE. 1.I)F"'Ob ) G'-' TC P~87 ZlADl L~'" • 1 05S£0
CAll l/'.,Tf:PP, ,,",~7. "CT4_ TN} •• 1;','24.1'(;;(2'" n.,.. r. lor.:; .... K~W4 ) InneD
IF ( SLr.PF'(N.N~,d .(,;T. C;LOCF" (""tNN+l) ) GO Tn l8Al 21AD1
..1..1 = f(;TA(N) ~. 4 (lAP}
r- ____ <;Tt~JT I:<FAM""Ci I , ..... ~ tit'l LTlr.r. fOP FACH T[Mf S":ATlnN O~SEO
pp i ~ T 11 O~SE 0
PQ1~T <;;Q.QP. j.J 21A P l
POINT I O~SEO
GO TO qqQ9 cIO"1
p.pr"T 1:' ( llol\.' (r-.l. " • l' 32 ) 0'5Eo
1""7 rOhTl'JF CIOPI Pt::r;.' 1"'. ~.ot,;r:-" { ap.,t:fl',.l, ~ = I' 1 .. 1 055"0
C-----PFIIF:R5£:. THE ,"'Qflf.C (F P(",:hT$ r~ PLS1Tn,E 0/'.,E,- .. 4Y 5uPP"H;joT~ 2"',.1' 1
PP!LT H?"I 055£0
If ( KS "r't'",;(,\j, .N£ .. -1 r,(") TG 1811:0 C:I-..;'Il
00 }PAP ~p." f\PCT 21-JiJl Kpr: = fl 055£0
l\;DP ,. NOeT - ",p • 1 2"j!Jl I<~ • ;') 05sEO
~~PRT .. r: I~Ftl
QP\lT (~."J't:) ~ .. ~oT i"'''~) 21-..1 1 '1
,,·pVT!,~.. "PS:t - WOT(~J."'~l
::: 2Ajul C---·-I~iTIJLrll~~ 05SEO
(O/'.,T p l';:' 2"JLJl rc ,Q91 I . 1, yP7 3cnEo
r0 lRRq ~o = 1. ~~CT ~~JlJl I'l'< (j :
nl (I) = 0.0
Q I~FEl
2SJAI
(JPT i\""t,C:1 a C~~T (0, ...... 0) 2",Jll1
WPT (" ,>,0) :a ",f; IT {"',"JPt "'Jell ~S I ! I • 0.0 ISFtI
C hJ' ,I} c:.<;1"J.<1 q, • 0,0 2!A"1
1~89
187b
(O~Tl'UF
CONTINI!F
C--~--T~PUT TftALE 9
IS'FI
3nut.Q
'j I"" 1 III
I,I"'( d
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j ;; \.i.(: '"
..
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300fO b997 CO,,"T1"UF 300£0

10nO PRI·'T 900
IF ( ~ffrq ) ~Q8r' lQ01. 191C lnnEO ,0 7rrn ~ = 1. ~TP4 10FEI
~C1C; = 1 lnCO 0 /lJ('lf"t ::: ,. 15A P I
IQOI 0~0"1
NCT<; ~ ... cr~ )rli~ 0 ~--;l T:3 IE 1
3rnFO TOC" T c () IC,.,U
Gil T"'" 1 Q30
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) (·0 TO 70 7
'0 146
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1 10 ';':'1
1~..JAl
KCloSEI?) C C~AOI ,,0 T' 74" I ~ " A1
I<PC = !(oC 1 ;J7C;rO PS f "'« 5 lL4J
KK e: Kjr( ... 1 OS~EO if \ .' .. LT .... T1 .. ~P • .J .r.T .... T2 D;<;cO
<M) < - } O'~EO 1 "'( W'l'" 1<".1 1
"t-!,'
10(,....
r: tr - 2
.3
IIlHl rr t "q" .... ~ 1 ) 7,,0, 741. 1'+2
Oc:.C:FC PP:I\ T G 1 !
1<1;1,. :: )i( _ 4 Ot;c:t:: f'I [':, ... ;'
'';'';'' GC:~~ c
r-----I'ITIAllll'G 3t",:i1'=" 0 7,1 Tnt:'· r .... ~ I .. oe<€Q
r0 h9QA 1. ~~7 300,[0 I't:: T ~ 1,0 I~JAI
IF ( ¥ ,CT, 7 ) ~C Tn ~QQ~ 0'" .a CI1 O~qO
~dTtKK\ = ('.f 3('\rr: I"t T(;I"~" = I<~:;; .. )(1"1
.... In:::: 0,1') 2enFI' ;.'1>- C l 'l: J .. __ TI
WWw (r I ; {l. ! 3_ A I Pj"'-C == PI' CT .. ",.e. CSSF::O
6q96 Ir ( K .If. , ) GC Tn ~Qq~ Ol-API RDPJ'" z ~T;' .. JTl • I O~C:;EIj
Wq,iqq :s: -'1,1<.1("')) O~AP I TT(,,;.)(T\ TTi.J,~.Tl. i IT)ffl.,lC) •( TT?I"'r) ... ITl[l\.tJ I llo.;Al
y'W i 1) ~ ,,( 1, J< I() O~'P} • p,P,C I Arfl\Olol .. ( TT3l,1\(> .. TTl ff'..!') 1 • Tl'\(lt-JAI
f,Qg5 SSKp.i?(T} = C:SI(~' (f) 2po J I TCH'Jr:~ i • fST 11-JA1
<;~"q."l rp = '551]) I~Fq 7'11 C('1\1 ~~.'J~ 055[0
01"2<11 = O}~J!l) 2 J API C- ... - ...... ('6~tl,1 r,TF TT""C \'-~k'4~_ i L~TfP~' Lt..'H.:-ll'.~ f.Of.: F..ACH STI!! AT I;.-.qc !IJ04t: STAC:;[O
Q r"'1 iT 1 ~ (; T ( r) 210"1 (-.---: A~r f<-' r{wF ~~A O~~EO
"OSw(II -= 0 13JA} 71 , IF ( 1 • , " C T 1 ) ~I"'> TO 710 !n~Co
f\,tU"('C \ ! 1 t: 0 I~J'I r;c: 11/1 I'.,t'" ill' 1. 1'.,(T1 O!:C;'O
fiJi:. ( T1 ~ n 2"JA I l'f!' 1 It.f i • 3 100)eO
TF { It .E~, 1 ) r.c T0 /,'QCU' 21L.P! 1\"'::(- I'\.C) .. ) I ~~cn
"<:11) :I:: (11~) (Tl - GeTl - OTf1'1) 210"1 , l' ~ }f" 1 iNC I .. 4 O-StO
!'9"P U,t 'I Tt 1'1' JpOFO 1~? ;.t i .. 4 OBEO
~~ ( 1 "4 ... f< l 7('('12. 11'1111. l003 }~fEI !P I ~~~ .~F .. w~l , ~o T~ ~4~ O~.·!
100? ~"l~"T SH~O Q~~fO fr, 911 O~ooJ

....
D:': 1
O!:~fO Gr Tf" 9Qt;G O"lI. P t
7003 ;~ ~ "< ,1"'. ,'TP.. Gil TI'': ~,;::: I ofE 1 ,r I .IT? .. 6F, w'" I r.O T r .47 OHDI
r.:c ,. '-I(JQ )< '1' ,. r O'JAj P~p.T 411 O~O·l
C071'1()) J'l:1~"';"1 } o~C 0 (.0 Ti"' qq(j<; C~ AC 1
fTf""I'\T\ -: ~.o loocr 047 If i i(} .i T. ,,~) ""2 ) GO TO 112 O"ACt
(iT t .... ' I<; 1, = C. ~ j "f'; C : f I I( 1 .. F f~. /1'1 I ,",i' ) 6<' TO 158 II-.q
1'nnl COI\;Tl"'tlt O~Sf 0 I=:ST :. l.~' l~~'l
t----"'Cc.L('lilATE rtlVF V,"Ik"tAtl..l A'tlAL T~QL:ST F0~ EACH E!A~ AT H·I~ TIM,. SlA OSSE 0 G0 Tn 71!Ci 1~ JAI
C-----K .akC K-~ 'IIV£ ~~ATlrtl.. Q55 F C F:5 T ~ (", ,,'5 16J'1
P(: -= i( _ t 1 ) • ? i\" .. lonco Tf ( ~' .. LT, .)Tl .c~. .T2 GO T0 112 Q5SEO
~r 1iG J = ~, ~p~ 1"""(':0 if \ J ~ n; ~ . T' • ~.p. .T? I GO Tn H,~ 1 ~,;!ll
r,: ( 1 .CT. ·CTo } ::'r lr 111 O~5EO 1~~'1
en 1"l7 ' \ C : 1. tCT6 O~5'O -: r T' 7~ ~ l~JAl
)(1\'1 ;<;T 1 tt-,r) .. looeo r<;~ ::. n.~ l~JAl
Kl\? : l<T? (i'-.() • } C1{ 0 T T f\ r:: ;;: 1 ...
~ ;(~1 lrr:ca
JTl :T] P"C) • O!:ic;r 0 IF ~r?" I<t\] I 7C;O. 1S1. 752 OSSEo
~1T7:: lT2P'.() • 4 Oe.C;EO 7 C i' p~ i"- T '''j l' Q~SFO
TF ( JT? ... JTl ) '44. 74C;, 7"~ O'SF 0 (!(' ,. <'"1 g'1q("; OS5Eo
144 pRH T

145
130
H
9~o

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f I';L?
9<:'!t:;Q
,(:L, 1'\1\ \ ) nO Tn p"S
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O!";f 0
O~APl (r Tn
, .('
OSSEO
l~J'\
(; t;f;f I')
Pin", T Q}7 OM"} 05'EO
G(l T:') 9Q9c:) OMP} O~ScO
 IF I JT? - JTI 1 75~. 05SEO IF' ( IF'US (J) .fa, 1 ) GO Tn tin. I'API
754 PPI~T 917 aS~EO IF' ( v5Yjl!JtN"1 .fG .... 1 ; ,-..r t(l ~O_ 2"'Jul
(.~ T~ 9qq9 055EO GO Tn 6 h P6 ISFEI
A[)f!\.{;~ ~ 1.0 O~sEC C"'---"'''F'\tFR~[ TJ.oIF' rFfI;F'Q f':F' ~n"'j H:rAP ';L.PPD~T CU~VE I roE I
75S
16JAI ,,04 0<' f.(l" "p 1: 1, ~ peT . Ir<EI
ESP' 1.0
GO T(l 1~1 OSSEO ~p~ • ~DCT _ NP • 1 I~<FI

756 ROF.~O'" z jT2 - JT) OSSEO W~VTt~N,NPl • WPT(~N,NPkl 15FEI

(n IJ,!<Tl QTiJ."T) • i aT! O"C) • I 'T?iNC) • YTllNC) I 016"AI QPVT{~~I,~PJ $ QPTiNN'~P~) leFEI
751 IOFEI
I ~I"C . B()ENO~ • i QrJ("C) • OTIINC) ) • TINe IOJ"1 ~06 CO,Tl NUF
I TOFNO~ ) • EST • Ese IfjAI CC 5~~ ~p z 1- "PeT lo<EI
CONTINUF 05SE 0 ~PTC~~,~PI • wPVTI~~,'Pl I"FE I
OSSEO QPT,~~ •• PI c QPVT(NN,~P) 15FEl
eCNT l>.UE I~FEI
CO" T I NIIF looeo 506 CONTINUf
TF { It"SY"'.J(~ ~.l .f::. 1 ) G" TL 60S 15Ai:ll
IF ( ITS. j ''lao. ~905. ~900 2PDEO
c--- ..... C~ECK Tn SEE TF' "fn;5 AeJuc;T""F"-. T OF T~E Q.. w CV f n~ O~E-WAY SlJPPCRT26JUl
IF I "AXIT .o.T. 0 I 00 To 6910 2POEO
ORI'.T 99A;> 28DEO IF ( KSY"' ... (N~l .~E. -1 l GO TO 666 26JUI
280EO IF ( IFU'5(JI .ED. 0 ) GO TD 605 2~JUI
C-.-.-ITS • • O. LI'EAR SPRI"GS. sO ~'T ",XIT • I
6905 MAXIT , I lADEC 666 CO ,P. 2. 'PCT
~n1 26JUI
lADEo STF"" • AAS { ( opT ,,"',"P I _ OPT ("'N.'P.II ) I clAPj
6910 DC 6000 ,IT ~ I. ~AXIT t .PT(N~'~P} - .PT(N~,~P~I) ) •
~OFFC(N'Tl • 0 2enEO 21API
2POEO JF I AH~(STE~P • SLOPE,NNolll .LF. I.OF,06 l Gn TO ~08 15 AQI
C- •••• INITIALIZING FCP NEXT ITFOATIO'
DO 6500 ~ I •• P7 lPOEo 507 eCNTlNUF I"API
POINT 9M 1~APl
aIL,,,) • QtJ) .. nTfJtll 21AP 1
<is (..:) c 5 (Jl 280EO GO To 999~ 15AP I
ceNT H,uf 2POEo SOB IF I .PT 1"'.11 ( 509, 9991. 511 ISAPI
6500 I~API
IF [ Neve .Efl. a ) Gn TO 650~ 2~OEO ~09 ~p 2 NP - \
CO ~D56 NN. I. 'Ne 1!!~EI 511 IF [ 'sr.,IN') .fe. 0 ) GO TO 667 UJ'JI
IOFE! )f ( wC•.:.k)(-11 .Lf. "PT',..N.NP} ) GO TO 6086 21!,Jl
~P1S • I')
J • IST/.(NN} I!FEI GO Hl 6"S 2~J'JI
ISFEI 661 IF [ ~IJ."-'l .~E • • PTIN"'."'") I 10 TO 60@6 2~JUI
NOS. NnSjiNNI
NPCT • 'PTTSINN) 15'EI GO Tn U~ 26JIJj
IF I InS.'J) .fO. a ) on TO 6S51 C6A P I 1\~9 IF' i I(S'( ... ~lM\) .EC. 1 ) (;0 TO MS UJ'JI
JF I KS'.J IN' I .EO. 0 I GO Tv 605 2~JU)
c--.--I'ITIALI/IN. 'OR TOE FI"~T LOAn ITERATICN
IF I NIT .GT. NIT5 I Gn T0 65~T ObAPI GO Ta ~oe~ 2fJvl
W(J,KK) • Iln ..hKt<-p 060 P I 60S IV~(J) • rUSIJ) • 1 ISFEI
IF [ IS;,iJl .EO, 0 ) Go T" 6057 OU"I DC ~07 ,P.? ,PCT 10rEl
15 F F, I tF t .... PT {"I\., ~ I ) 608. 99(~11, ~O9 loFEI
ES~ • 0.5
60~ JF ( w'J •• K-11 - .PTINN.NP) I 631. 613, 601 10~EI
GO TO 60PS I!FEl
15~E1 609 IF' ~ ',HJ,"Of ... ,) - "PTINN.NPl I 601. 613, 611 IOF51
6051 ES~ • 1.0
lofEl 607 cO"T INUF IOFEI
6085 IF I ITes .F~. 0 ) GO TO ~D86 IOFEI
IF I IFUSIJl .EO. I ) GO Tn ~081 I!lHI GO T'l 6'2
C-----TOT TO SeE I~ NfEDS AnJlIST"E"T OF TI<E G-'
fOR Tot. FI~ST Tl.E5 FI':I
CU~vE 6Jl
1\11
IF ( "IJ.~w-,) - ~PT{N~'l)
IF ( .... IJ.)()( .. 1) - iIIPTiNN.ll
f.12. 632- 61<
614, 632. 612
I~~EI
Iry~O
JF' i ARS(w(J.I<.;n) .LT" ARc:;n.'(,JtKK ... 1)) 1 GC TC !'IO] IOFEI
If ( ( ~p5IW(J.KK-l») • A~S(W{JtKK)) l .EQ. A~~{.\Jt~K-l' ... I ~FE I 61? K~FFCi~TTl IOFEI
W IJ,KK)) ) GO T0 tl03 10F£! G0 T(l 61< lOrE I
I OFE J 613 NPC; = NP • loro
GO TO 6~e~ 10FEl
6091 IF I 'PTI".I) I 601. 9991 • • 02 IOFf! GO T'l 61,
C-----TFST TO SEE IF .FEOS AOJUST"fNT UF Q-'
Cu"vE AFTE- T_E ~IRST TI~E I~FEI
InrP"',
632 NPIS : ,
H'
I OFF. '.
lnHl
f,~l !" I i,','(,hN"K! r.;r; \ooIt_!~I(K ... !\ l ~n,.O 'd)Rh 1-.1 ok "'P~ t-

Gr Tn ~q I~FEi C-:;--TF~T TO SFE .OJ ••• ·I) IS AT .HIC. SLnpE'N"'.NPI IOFn

~15 STf~P • APS I I QpT1N"'''PS) • OPT I"".NPS-II I I 21API
602 IF I WIJ.KKI .LE. "'J'~'-I J I GO TO 60P6 10HI
GO T~ Sf}3 15F£1 1 ( WPT!NN.""PSi ...... PT{N'HN~5-1) ) ) 2)API
IF' ( W!J,I<I< ... , i ) 669, f.OQ:~, ~{lJ 26JJ I JF I q<.P .J E. J .0E.0~ I GO TO HI IOFF!
603 QTfHP = STE", • ARSI~IJ"'-II - .pTINN.NPS-II) IOFEI
503 IF ( WSY~~(N~') .Fe. 1 t n0 TU 604 15FEI
 (3{' T0 642 10FfI W"VT(~N.NC:LI • WPVT(N~.~SL-lt • On~OPL / SLOPEiN~,~~Cl IOFf!
OTE"'P: APSI.IJ.~K-Il • WPTIIliIli.NPS-\ll lurE! npVT I>,N.NSLl • ~pVT(N~.~SL-ll • QOROPL IOHI
CO ~I~ ~IC. I. oOS OUPI GC T~ 62' IOFf!
IF ( IT(I'. - $I.MEINo'.NSCI ) 6H. 6J7. ;30 O~ool wovT 1"".N~Ll • ~pvTIN,.'SL-II • WDROP(NN'NSCI - ISHI
CONTINUE O~Aol AilSIOOOOPLI ISHI
Gi' TO eJ7 060PI (lPVT "'.NSLl • nPvTIN"NSL-!l loFEI
530 IF INS, .EG. I 1 GO TO 611 06A o l GC Tn 67' lorE!
SDHAL' • ( SV,P(!NN.NSC-ll - SLOPE (N'.NSCl I I 2.0 OH"I I' I SlC,PEIN' •• sCl .LE. I.Of-06 I GO To 640 I~FEI
SPART = 5TE>'P - SLOPFINN.NSCI 060 P I WPVT('N.NSLI • WPVT!NI\."SL-ll - Qr>ROPl I SLnPEI"""Cl IGHI
IF [ SPART .r.T. SC .. OLF ) "'<C. Nse - 060PI (lPVTINN.NSL) • QPVTINN.NSL-Il • QOPOPL 10FfI
617 aOPQPL • QOPOPINN.NSCI • QTE~P 10FFI GO TO 674 IGFEI
Nse 1 = ,-se • I 10FEI MO WP\j'l(r·.. N.N~L • • wPvT(~N.~SL-U • WDJ;lOP(N''df,SCl • ISHI
If I NSCI .GT. 0 I GO TO 520 \SFEI 1 ~~SIQOPOPLI I~HI
e-----NO >EED nF ArJU5TINa THE Q-~ CURVE. SINCE TH~ ppEYI~US UEFL[CTICN clAol QPVTINN.NSL' • CPVTJN"'SL-I' 10FEI
("-----1<; wITl-tT"1 '''f EL~STIC ~A"'IGE' 2lA"l C--·--SAVE THE PFMbl'N'NG oPT oNe OPT IN wpvT ANn OPVT ARRA_S I O"E I
I!l$ (J) • 0 ISHI 6?4 DO 625 ,PC. 'Po NPC T 10FEI
IF ( IFIlS I Jl .fO. I I GO TO 6096 151'[1 IF ABSIWPVTIt,N"SLl _ WPTIN(I,.NPCI •• GT. ~NT':)L,J(NN) G- TC 15'EI
I' I oPTIN~.ll .LT. 0.0 1 GO TO 6081 15HI 62- 15"EI
c-----~EVF05E THE OPOEP C,F POINTS nF O-W CURVE BAC" TO THE STAPTEO ORH~ISHI IF I ABSI;"VT(NN.NSLI _ OPTI'N,NPCII .GT. QNTOLJIN'! Gt TC ISHI
DO 510 IliP,. 1. NPCT 151'EI ~cS 15FEI
SPA • NPCT • NPA • 1 ISFEJ ,0 TO ~?t 10""1
~PVT(NN.~PA) • WPTINN,NPR) ISHI 625 CONT I NUf 10FEI
QPV'r~NtNPA' • QPT!NNtNPA) ISFF.I 626 NP(lL c NPCT • ~PC 10HI
S10 CO"TINUE IS'[I IF , NPeTL I 9'160' 677. 62" 10"£1
00515 NPA = I. 'PCT ISFEI CO 662B 'A. I. ,peTL HFn
¥lPTt,....N.~PAJ :& "'PVTfNNtNPAl ISHI WPvi(NN.NSL_~A) • wPT(N~tNPC_NAl IOHI
aPT{~N.~Pft) • apVT(NN.~PAI I~FE 1 OP\iTINN.NCiL .... Al .OPT(N"tNPC_NA) loFEI
515 CONTI'UE ISHI CONT!NU' lOrE!
Tn Me~ \-FEI NSL ~ ""'c;L • ~t)C1L IOHI
,-----56"F I.r CPT '00' POINT I TO POINT NP-I fOP THIS c~~vE NN 210"1 r----.s.Vf T~E NEW .n~'STEC CUPVF IN WPT Q-. ! QPT ApPAYS 21API
\OHI
520 NP"" 1 :c "p - 1 ISHI 627 cr 6?Q ,P. I. 'SL
00 118 .PVS. 1. NPMI 1 OFf.! ~PTl"N.~·P' c wPvTCNN.hP) \eHl
WQYT'NN.NPVSl 2 WPT(NNt~PVS) I Off I OP1(~N,~P} • OPVTfNN.~P) IOHI
QPVl tt-.N.NPVS} -= OPT IN'" .~PVSl InHI CC/vi I NUF 10F£1
hIS co.t..; l J tvl)F 10Ffl NP1TS(Nt..} • "'SL lonl
" I 'P15 .EC. 0 I Gn Tn ~33 I nFF I I Fl\Cj (Jl • 1 ISH!
IOrEI ~oe6 ~PCT
c ~PTTS(~N) I~FEI
NP • ~ • • I
(.0 TO 6'4 lonl e----~INTEPPOLATE TO FINO p[SISTANT ST1'."FSS. AND LOAD 'ALLE~ FpO. SLP.ooT CV
C- •• ~-OFGI"fP~TE T~~ N~NLlNEA~ S\JPPOPT CU~Vf FOR T"IS CVRVf .. N 10FEI DO ~090 ' P . 2. ,PCT IOFfi
~3J ,.P\l1 (~J"' ... NP) a W(J.Kt<-ll IOFf! IF J 'PTI".1) ) H910 99910 6092 IOF£1
QPVT U",·f,..f\)p) a ( 'trip! iNI'\'f'«PS) .. "iJ,Kt<-l) i • STJ'MP • 10Ff! IF I WI •••• , - WPTINN.NPI ) 6093. 6096, 60'0 I c~El
QPT {NN,NPS} IOFEi IF I WIJ.KKI ~ ",pI (N",,,P) ) 6090. 6096. 6091 loFEI
00 ~19 ,.ec' I, ",SCI InFEI CONT '>,UF IOFEI
~I'S T :: r-•.'c:(C • NP IOFfI t-"p • ~'P"'T<; 0"'\ 1 IOFfl
IF ( IroIPT ,"'/'I.. l} J 620, qqQl. 621 IOFf! r.(' 'f Ii $-!'QP loHI
WPVTI~N.~STI wPvTIN .... ST·II • • OROP(NN.NSeC) loHI IF { w {_,.:I<..:) .. wPT (~"'.l) ) 609~. 6111. 6110 IOHI
620
QPVT ["'N.,ql • OPvT J"~.~ST-)) - QOROPJNN'NSCCI 10FO If ( wHJ.":'':. - •• "NN.II I ~IIO. 6111' 60'P I.oE)
r:.o Tn f, 1q IOFfI If' ! In~- (J) .EO. I I GO T~ 01'6 0"°1
,,!p
C ,,"p O~ool
wPvT [NN.t-.tST) • wP\fTfNI\i.r-.ST"'l) - _OAOPO>JN.NS('C) IOFEI - I
QPVTJNN.NSTl • QPvTiNN."ST-ll • QOROPJNN •• SCCI 10FE! r:o TO b(l:9l- IeI'l'l
CONTINUF 10Ffl ':Of"f"CfN1'Tl c 1O.El
NSL c N<:C • ~p IOrEl [,0 T ~ ~ IIr 15AP1
o09~ IF ( fO~.IJl .EO. I I GO TO 6196 O~OPI
IF J WPT/ ..... !l ) ~22. 9Q91. 023 I "HI
If ( SLOPF '"'' _",se 1 .LE. 1. O~-06 ) GO To 639 10FEI C-··--H'GE',T ~nn\'LUS ~ETHcr I LOAI).SP" ING O.A'I
 IF ( NP .LT. NPCT I GO TO 6198 ZI,OI 5S( ... ) c 5S!..,.1 .. 51 • FS~ c~JUI
SLCPFZI • 0.0 21AOI \.oC :: - \I. (""KK) • ",PTi"''','~,Pl Of API
Ill? 1 • 0.0 c·1 AP I ~} = ARc: ( ( QPT!N ........ 'I'I .. QPT("'~ .. I\P ... ll 1 I 21 AOl
GO T0 6112 clAOI ( 'WPT(I"N,"/J;:) ... _PT(t-.,.t-.,.H,P-ll ) 210"1
5LOPF?1 • MS ( I QPTIN~,NP'l) ~ OPTINlH,",P) 2lA"l rF I <I .Lf. 1.01'-06 ) 51 0.0 2)AP)
61Q8
I t ~PT(N~.NP.l) - WPT(N~'NPl 2)A P I QC = QPT(I\N.I\PI • we • 511 OU"I
IF ( 5L0P[cl ,LE. 1.0F-0~ I SLOPE21 • 0.0 21A P I ns = - _(J .. ~~l • 51 26JUl
OT?l Q tjPTCNI\,NPI • SLO P E21 • _PTtNNtNPt IOFn QI rJ} .:: 0 r (J I • [ Qt:': ... ... S ) • E SM 06API
IOHI 60,6 CD~Tl~UE 15FF I
IF ( NP .GT. 1 ) On TO 6112 2~JAI
SLOPE?l • 5LCPE?1 • ?O IOFfI 6S04 IF ( ITC~ 0 ) Gn TO
.[~.
C-----TF~T TO SEE IF T~ERE 15 A ~To SUPPORT ~.LOADEO c~JOl
Ill?1 • ~121 • 2.0 IOFf!
DC 6S~6 ~ c 4, WP4 2~Jol
SLOPF'? • 0.0 10FE!
InHI IF ( !USIJ) .EG. I ) G~ TO 6503 15FE\
0172 C #'1;.0
GO Tn ~1l' I ~FEI 6506 co, n"JF c~JAI
SLrPF2? • IRS ( I QPT(N~,NPI - GPTI~~.NP-li I 21A"1 GO TO 6175 25JAI
6112 15FEI
1 ( WP1IN',NP) - WPT{NII...NP-li ) 21API 6503 ITCS • ~
SL~P[ZZ .LE. J.Of-O~ I SLOPEZZ • 0.0 21 AP 1 lTCSR • 1 1'l.EI
IF O'lS~O
Ql?2 • ~PT!'~.NI>-ll • SLOP!':22 • WPTI'N.NI>_II IOHI 6505 NS .& 1
AU} O~SEO
IF I'll> .LT, NPCT I GO Tn 6113 21API C 1'\

SLOPE?? • SLCPE?? • ?O clAP I A tll ': (\ OSSEO

clAPI P j P • ,.. 05SEO
Ill?2 • 0122 • 2.0 O~SEO
~SIJ) • S~(J) • 0.5 • I SLOPE21 • SLOPE22 ) • ~S~ I~FE I flPt
~113 0-<;[0
C,IIJl = Q1IJ) • O.~ • I QI21 • 0lZ2 ) • ES. 1~~[1 C( I I
I~~EI C I?) , 0 OSSEO
GO Tn "(lS~ 05SEO
"110 IF I 10S.IJ) .EO. 0 ) M TO 6197 06A"1 DO ~060 J • " MP~
GO Tn 619~ OUPI C-----co."uTE ~oTAr' C~fFFS AT EACH ~TA ,.I FOR FIRST AND SECONO TJMF ST, D'ISEO
C-----T"Gn,T ~nOI:LLS N[Y"OC ( LnAD-SPPING PERAnO" METHOD Ouol yA : F (J-l) . . . ?5 • ~ • F!I(J-P 100CO
6197 SLOPE? • ASS I I OPT('~'NP) - QPTIN",NP-lI I clA"1 'B • -?O· ( F(~_ll • fiJI I - "Ec' T(JI 100
1 ( wPTt'~t~Pl - ~PTCN~'NP·l) ) 21API yc • F(J-l, . 4 . 0 . F(J) • F(J'l) • "'E'] • SStJI, • 04JAI
2U"1 I .2" • l-< • ( O{J .. 11 • f,/eJ'U ) + HE2 • ( TIJ} + 055[0
If ! SLOpF? .LF. I.OF-Of. I sLO"E2 • 0.0 OSSEO
SS(J) : S51Jl - SlOPF2 • ESM 15HI· ? TIJ'lI )
r.q i.,.:i ::: OffJ) • ( QPTtNh.NP' • SLOPEZ • • PTlft.t!l..tNP) ) • ISHI yo -2,0· t F1Jl + ~(J'll I - MEl· T(J+)) loneo
15HI v[ F(J.l)" .?5 • ~ • F!I(J+l' rooco
FSM 04JAr
061"1 ' F ' HE" ~IIJ) - 0.'3' "'E2' I CPI,,-I) - ("It-Il
G(I TO ~nS6 IF I K _ 3 i 700., 7005. TnOS O~SEO
C-----lDID ITERATION •• T~OD 061 P I
cf<JUI AA • y/:. 100CO
61Q~ 00 ~2qb ' l . ? ,"CT I~OCO
STe:"'P;:; AF\$ ( i QPTi~JNt""Lt .. aPft~Nf""L-U ) I 26JUI PP • yR
CC ~ 'C l~ocO
t WPT!Nf'",""Ll ... ~PTlM·.. ,f.,.L-l) } ) cf-JUI
IF ( IRS ( STE." - SLO"E!N",11 ) .LE. ),0[-06 I GO !O 6cn 26JUI no • '0 IOOCO
C6JUI H • 'I' Innco
62q~ CONTINUF
26,/UI FF' • YF looeo
PRINT QPD GO H) 7"O~ looco
G~ Tn qQgq 26JUI IMeo
700~ AA • Y/:' • OliJ-l) I HT
6c07 IF ( ,S'.J(N') .EC. I ) GO TV ~2Qe 2fiJlJl FH::t • YA ... ?o • ( OIL! .. I) 100CO + OI(J} } I MT ... fl,S • ""E2 •
c----- •• T IPppnll".TE llhEAP SPAIh. ~OhSTANT FOh ONE-"A' SUP ~~ c6JUI
I TTIJ.Z) • TTIJ.lI ) 100CO
IF ( ARs(QPT(N"oll) .LE. I.OE-12 ) 60 TO 6~10 Z~JUI
CC II VC + ( CT(J"") + 4'0 • ol(J} + OTtJ+P • I "'r + 0.5 loOCO
51 • AAo ( OPT I,N,NL-ll I oPT (''''NL-11 ) 26JUI
c6JUI • ( TT(J.?) + TTIJI!) + TT(J+l.2) • TTIJ+l.l) 100CO
GO Tn 6?9" C • H3T? • P"OI~1 • H3TI • OEIJ) 100CO
6310 51 • AR. I QPTINN,NLl I wPTINN,NLl ) c'J'J! 1 •
to uC'''J; _ I _ C,Ct 1\ • CCIt'~?t 1\ ) "AI',
e-----5Fl
uP 1 (1 6i'~;
.PPPOII_AT. I I.EAF SPRING CO~STANT FOA S'W~ETNIC SuP C. ~!~~i DO. Vf'l ... 0·;"', 01(Jl
! TTiJ.l .. 2i • TT(J+l.ll J
)~/-~T - t'l.'S. HEZ· :'01(..1.i)" 1~nco
loneo
629/\ SI' ('PE 0". I ) 26J'1\
ff • Yf • u! f J" I I !-iT IOOCD
IF I l.u. .EO, ~ I Gn TO 62<1q 26Jdl I _AA
26Jul FF '?" • Yt • 4.0 • ~JT2 • RfooO(J) • W(J.KK-l! 'I~OCO
~I • • ". I I IlPTIN".NL-ll - nPT 1.' .... L.p I
i wPTfNN,NL-l) - wPT(Nt-.,NL·}) , ) 2'Jul ?~ • Cl tJ ... t) I ... T ) • w t .. -2,KK-2)'· ( -Rrc ..... 0 • {IOOCO
 DI,J-n • DI ' J I l l f<1 ) • wU-I,KK-2) • I -CC • 2.CIO~CO W(L"I(t() = A(L} • FHl) • 'II/(L.ltfiod • C(L' • •dL*2,t(o{l O~SEo
., f ['>} \..,;-1) • 4 .. {\ 4t 01 {J' • 01 L"i.p ! I ... ,. • 2.0· 1 ('lOCO 6100 CO'" T 1 NUE O~~EO
4 H3TI • CfIJ) ) • • 'J.,<_21 • I -DD - 4.0 • I DI''') .I~nco wt?)(Kl • 2.0 • W(3,KK} - Iti(4U(K) OSSEO
<; OJ(J'» ) I H1 ) • • 'J'I'KK-2) • • -Ef • Z.O • ·lonCo tn . . W(~P~.KK) c 2.0 • ~(VP~.~K) _ W(~P.,KKI O'~FO
6 II I HT I • "J.2,'K-ZI • HE) • I - 01 (JI • QI"2(~1121'''1 r-----tOU~1 ,u •• Ea OF STATIONS EXCEEnl'G MA.I~u~ OLLD~ABLE DFFLEcT1C~5 2P~Eo
C-----CO·P!;TE ofc~~5In.
00 CO~1INUIT. COfFFS IT f'[~ 5'A O-SEO ~----- A~C ~U.RFR CF 510110.5 U01 CL0StD CPDEO
1006 E • IA • R IJ-21 • RR O~SEO K C.r ,~IT I • 0 I~FEI
DE"'O" • E • BIJ_I) • AA • CIJ"21 • CC O~SEO Kt4AX • r, 2PDr 0
IF I DE~O~ I 6010. 6005. 6010 O!SEO 1F { Neva .F~. G~ TO ~noO a ) ZSOEO
C-----NC1[ IF DENa. TS ZERO. BFA" nnrs NOT "1S T , D =
oOOs n : 0.0
SfTS VE'l ° = O. OsSEO
OSSEO
CO bl~O
IF , wMAl -
v ~ 4, ~P4
b8~"IJ.K"'1 I 6155. 6160. OIO~
ZPDF.o
2pero
GO TO 60'" O~SE~ ,<;MA): • K~A~ • 1 i1pnF:O
n • - 1.0 I D,N"" O~SEO IF I IOC~T .r-T. ~ i (;0 T0 ~I!>O lerFI
CUI' r • EE OSSEO IF I AA<I.'J •• KI - •• IJ) I - .10t ) 6150. 6150. ~16S IS"':I
RIJI : r • I E ' [(J-n ,00 ) O~SEO 6165 1«".11;"'IT) • K(NT(t-.lTT) • 1 O~.JAI
AIJl 'C n • ( r • AfJ .. ll • 1.6 .. J{J-cl • Fr l Q~SEO 61!O CO,,"T!NUE 2PDEO
C-----CO~TPOL PESET Rm~INES Fn~ SPEcIFIED cO~OI'IO~S OSSEO IF ( K .ll. ! I GC Tn 6~41 21A P l
KEYJ • • p'J) 05S[0 IF I NOCI .ra. I 1 Go TO A~41 2IA P I
IF I K - 3 ) 601G. 6019. ~~Ib lonco C-----T£ST 10 SEE IF T~ERE IS • SUP STA WHERE THE DEFLECTION IS '1SclL.L.HING
60lA IF I 10"IJI .NE. I 1 Gn TO 6Ul9 100CO C-----DU~I.G THE ITEOATION "ROCEs~ 2!API
NS • ~s • I 100CO 00 6540 ~ • • 1. '"C 06A"1
Gn TO 606~ 100CO J • TC;T,6.(~NJ OUPI
6019 GO TO ( 60,",0. 6020. ~OJO. ~020' M50 I . KEYJ O~SEo If ABSI .... CJ.I<IO .. WWir(J) 1 .GT. IdlE-OS) GO TO 61540 2IA P I
C-----"[5ET fOP ~PECIFTEO CEFLFCTION 05SEO IF AaSI"J.KK)) .LE. "Tn!; I GO TO 6540 210"1
60Z0 CIJi : ~.O O~SEO IF I A8SI~(J.KKI - "wIJII .LE. WTOL ) GO 10 6540 21A"1
~lJi a ~.o OSSEO NU~OC(J' • ~~~QCrJ' • 1 c]API
AIJ) • • SINSI 05S[0 IF 1 NU~CCIJ' - 2 ) 6540. "'164, 6164 O~'''I
If I ~EYJ - ~ ) ~0<;9. M3~, b060 O~SEO 6164 NITSct.IT·l 2""1
C-----RESET FOR SPfCIF,ED SLn p £ A1 NEll STA O~SEO 6~.0 CO.T IMI£ 06API
6030 rTF'p 0 05SEO IF I "IT~ .LT. 2 ) Gn 1060;41 21A"1
CTf ••• CIJ) 055EO C-----SETTING S.ITC~ InSw!JI FOR LOAr 11ERA,ION ~ET~OO ~E'T I!E R01!C' 214" I
RTf'" • 81JI O~SEO CC ~~42 h~.}. kNC 210"1
ATr." • • 'J) 055EO J • !STAt"''' I 21A·I
CIJI • 1.n OSS~o 105',"J) • I 21bOl
~(J) • n.O O'!SEo "U"~C(JI • 0 21'''1
AIJ) • _ H12 • OW~IN~I O~~EO 6~42 (O~TINut 21A"1
GO TO 6n~0 OSSEO 6541 IF' 10C" .FG. n I r,Q TO ~151 I~HI
C-----I>ESET FOP SPECIFIED SLoPE AT PRECEOING STATlO~ 05SfO C-----TE~T TO SEE IF THE OEF( EC'IONS CO~PUTEO FRn~ THE INITIAL ',GS '21API
6050 ORFV • 1.0 I ( 1'0 - I &TEMP • SIJ-ll • nE"" • 1.0 ) . osUo C-----ITERATION LeAns AOE ~I'HIN 1HF ADJUSTED RANGE OF THE 0-" 21A"1
I n I eTE!"" ) osno DO 61S2 • • I • • 'C 1'5'"
CREv • nREV • CIJI OSSEO J • ISTAINI I ~Ff.1
'1REV • OREV • I 81JI • I RTEMP • CIJ-P I • D I on ..,,) 05~Eo IF 1 IFU<IJ) .EO. ~ I GO TO 0152 I'5FEI
ARfV .. r'iREV • ( AtJ! • t IoIT2 • O.S(~Si • ATf~P • QTF,",P o~sro IF 1 OSV"J") .Ea. I I GO 1'1 6149 I~FE I
• AIJ-ll 1 • 0 I DTEMP ) OSSEO fF ( KSy;.. ••Iff\) .(r.. 0 I Gt) TO b24q 26J'iI
(IJI • rREv 05SEO IF I WU,KO-;I .U. 0.0 ) r.o TO 6152 Z6JUI
AU) • aREV OSSF.O GO ,0 6149 2#-';lj1
A!J) • AREV OSSEO 1£ I WIJ,.O-)l .r.E. 0'0 ) ~o TO 615, 26J'JI
6059 NS • ,S.I O!SEO IF I IoPT '~'II I ~1~3. 99'11, 6154 I~Ffl
60~O CONTINUE 05SEO IF ( Iri(J.!tK) .GT, w(J,t(K~l) ) GQ TO 6152 Is.q
C-----C0vPUTf OFfLECTlrNS OSSEO ;.I~Jtt(;() • W{ ..... K!(.jl • 1,Of-06 15 F EI
00 ~I 00 J . 3. 05SEO GO TO 61~? ISFr.l
l*/o"·8-J 05<;EO JF ( Irrt •.f.KI'() .LT, W(J,KK-}l ) GO TO' 6152 I'5FEI
" ... ILl = WWILl 13JAI ~(JtKK; • W(~.KK-l) - I·O!·O~ 10;. F I
"'W(l) :=: W(L.K1(; JaDEo CO~TINU£ 1<;"1
6151 IF I ~(" I .FIl. 0 ) Gn TO ,170 15FEI IOCNT • 10eNT • I 15'fl
~O~IIf("P :\f\'TA 2~J.61 CONTINUE 15~!I
C-----SP L' I' C 10CNT ,EQ, 0 ) GO TO .115 UHI
IF I nrO" .,Q, 1 I r,O T('> -I)A 10FEI
'Mr,TI~ITI = KC~TINIT) ISFEI GO TO 6585 I5HI
CO .170 ,= 1, "eNI 2~OEO ITO • I
I' CITeS ,EG. e ) CO TO 0I1l1
15'£1
ZSJAI
J~.JI~SIN).4 2~OEo
W,..jf.,lT,1t.) • wfJMt;(IO 2~OEo I' ( K .L'. ] ) GO TO UH U,f1
6170 CO. T1NUF 2~DE 0 c••••• INITIALIZING ,OR STARTING TM! SfCONO CYCLE Q' IT£PATIONI 2UPI
GO Tn 61 H I OH 1 00 6111 N. I. NNe I!UI'I
co 61N ,=], -eN I 10HI J • ISU!N) I!AI'I
J,., • Jl~~ (t...J '" 4 10rEl 108W(J) • e I5A~1
\1110("1'\ .. ,,) \III (.JM,;Oq l{\,rl NUMOC(J) • ~ I!'(t
b179 CCNTINliF I~FEl CONTINUE UJAI
,-----TF5T CLOS"P"CF 2eDEO NITT • NIT U'!I
6174 IF i II. ..... /\.) .1,,1':", 0 } GO TO FtSOQ 2F10£0 NIT~ • I 2UIII
IF I KO'Frl'.TTI .Eo. a 1 GO TO 627 4 15FEI Noe I • 0 15 All I
IF i ncs" •.-0. 0 1 P~INT Q9~ •• NIT. '_3 IS'!I GO TO 6910 !e~lI
IF ( ITCo • • FQ. 1 1 PRINT 999., Nyr, K.3 15'£1 I' ( K .0[, ] ) GO TO .eee UIlU
PGINT Q9A5 IS'PI I' ( MONI ,(G. 0 ) GO TO 5998 2\AIII
GO Tn QQ9Q ISAP I I' ( NIT .G!. 2 ) GO TO 5999 15H!
IF i .,.TINln 0 ) TC 6113
If i 10C, T .r.T. 0 ) <;0 TO ~J1s
.'E. "I' 25JAI
ISHI
~RI"T QU. Klfl
~RINT 92]. ( JIHS(N). N • II MONI
280[11
lIllU
IF , ITCSP .FQ. 0 1 ,,0 TO .230 I5FE I !9" ~RINT 920. NIT, KCNT(NIT) 2111'"
C-----T(5. TO SEE If T~E OFFLECTION~ CU_PUTEO FRO. THE NE~ .C~. Q-w CV 2IAPI PRINT 925. ( WH(NIT.N), N • I. HONI ) ulln
C-----ARE CLOSED P'CK ~N '~E OLD ey O~ NOT. IF 'ES, USING THE GREAT,ST 26JU\ I' ( KCNT(NITl .fO, I ) GO TO 6115 UHI
C-----STIFFNESS S ITER.TIO. LOAD ~F THE NEw G-w CV AND REenHPY'£ THE tEf26JUI CONTINUf non
00 ~?35 • = I. ,.,,.,c ISHI I' ( K .LT, ] ) Gil Til U99 2,,1'1
J • IST.INI ISHI I' ( NOe! ,fG, I ) GO TO b!n I,A~I
IF , IUSUI .EO. 0 ) Gn Tn 6 2 35 15HI I' ( NCye ,£Q. 0 ) .0 TO 6'599 UNOZ
NPeT = ,PTTSINl IsHI C••••• SINC[ TANQf .. T MOIlULUS M!TMOO 11111 "'OT CLOUt 00 lACK UI[ LOAD IT • • Il,A~!
IF IS.(JI .EO. 0 ) Go Tn 6236 I5FEI NOC I • I I!A'I
ES- = 0.5 I5FEI NITS. I I!U>I
GO 10 ~?31 15FEI 110 66e. N. I, NNC I!AI'l
fS- # 1.0 15HI J • IITA (N) I!A~I
IF ( WPT1"oll ) H4G. 9991, 6"." I'HI 10U(J) • I IU~!
IF ( KSV~J(N' .EC, 1 ) Gn TO 6241 2~JUI 'WHIlC (J) • II IU'!
IF ( K~¥'~iI'l ,EC. 0 I Gn TO 62"1 2~JUI CONTI"UE HUI'!
&0 Tn 623~ 26JUI GO TO .9111 I!u~!
IF ( '(J.n) .GE. W(J.<K-l) 1 GO TO 6235 26JUI 1 GO TO UU I!A~I
DO ~2!O . P . I, ~PCT IS'£I I' ( UCSR .[0,
"'ITT. NIT II.A~l
If ( WiJ,"-li .EG. WPT(N.'P) ) GO TO 6260 15FEI I' ( IT8W ) 6!95, "ge. 6!9! '6A~1
CONTINUF IS'EI I' ( NCVI .N!, II ) Gil TO .601 nO!0
00 Tn 6?3~ 15F[1 nou
IF I "SV~J"1 ,g. 1 ) ,;(, TO ~245 ISH! I'RINT 9919
iF ( ~SyI\l'JP~) .ro. -1 } r,r TO 624115 26JUl GO TO 9999 Z91lU
G0 Tn 6?3~ ISFEI H ( 'ICYI .U, II GO TO U7! 29IlU
IF i .(J,n) .LE. W(,;, •• -ll I GO TO 6235 15FEI ~RINT 9918· 290111
GO TO 9999 2911[11
CO ~255 ~p. 1f ~PCT ~:~~: !! ~D!
ji=" i wi",., "-II .e .......... 1._.''"' nu 'v va.""'... • ...1>'.\.., e=~e=:=~: 'MITCH~! ~~~ '~!~1!NQ
C••••• TM! .,ICI'I!O NUMBfA 0' IT!RATIONI
TH! !~~a~ W!!!!~! ~~ ~~, CLO!!~ ~!!M!~
11A~1
CON.l~UF ISFEI
GO .0 6235 ISfEI 6611 I' ( ITe~R ,!O. e ) KCLOI'(I) • 1l1tA'!
55(",1 ~~(J)' SlnPF(N'!i • ES" 21API I' ( ITeSR .!a. I ) KCLOI!(ll • .U,I
6260
OIIJ! OIL.;)' GT!J,II • (5 •• i QPTIN,NP) • SLOPE(~,II 21APj C••••• CALCULATf ~lO~!S,.wIA.S 0' TH! IARI ANII ~O.INT.,eu~,RIACTIONe AT I!HI
• WP'!'(N.f"lP) i 21APl C••••• TH[ JOINTS '0. TM! ~A!V!OUS TIMf ITA I!HI
.1'5 I' ( K .LT, ] ) CO TO 11111 I!HI
00 8108 J . ] , ." II!UII
 = ( . . \idJ-ltKK""'ll • w(J.K~-l) I'" OS~EO Gf' Ttl 8100 O~~EO
FfJ) • i wtJ-l,KI'(-l) ... 2.0 ... \Io(J'KK-ll • 0"5EO ~140 t:1fAC'T(J) ;t .. <;St'("', (..,1) .. W(jiKK-U .. QC;:JI 21'''1
WIJd.KL-1l I I HE2 OS~EO ~lno (O~TI"UF Oc:.'EO
IF I I< .. , ~OGO. BOOO. BOOb 21API (-----5A'F OEFLECTICNS FCq PLOTS AlO'G TH~ TI~E AxIS l~fEI
8006 AM(J} ,. OtL,n • ( .. W1 J .. l,KI'(-2) • 2.C • • (J,P(K-Z)Z)6P] AltH ,,:PT C n 2"('£0
I ... W(J.l,Kt(-t!) • W(J-l.I'(KJ ... 2." • 1IiI1...""~) • 211l P l C~ ~l~O J = 4. ~P4 290£0
2 WIJ'l.KKI ) I I HE2 • 2.0 • "T ) 21AI>I NFpr: II: I"l 15Ft!
HOOO OSHO l Sf /. ~ I ... '" 290EO
0.0 OSSEO If NCT9 j ~qA~t bIRO. blA5 290EO
Rfr.4t"'P~) *' 0.0 O,!\ Sf: 0 IF • - 2 I R317. 6)90. 6190 OU"I
CQ Pl00 j.). ~P~ OSSEO DO flq<, ,C9. I. ~CT9 290FO
IF I • - 3 ) 8105. 810~. Aln6 OSSEO iF XAxT<t~rQ) .~f. TESTT I GO To b19~ 290EO
8105 DR"ljl • I -ew{J-Il • e~IJl I H - TIJI • I -'IJ-I"'-II05~EO IF YAXT5lM'9) .... f. TE~Tn ) GO TO 019' I~F£I
1 * w(Jtt<K"'l) ) I H O'!l~EO if TYS .. nCQ) ..... f.. lSTA ) GO To 6195 290£0
GO TO ~! 07 055(0 NPT ,..oT
'C ,. 1 290EO
BI06 DR"IJl • I -P-IJ-J) 0 8"tJI I I H - I 0.5 • I ITIJ.lI 0 10nco KS.V I~PTI• LSTA 290£0
I T!lj.?l 1 0 TIJI I • I -.IJ-l,KK-ll 100CO KEYPINPTI • 1 290EO
2 o .lj.I<I<_11 I I H- 0IIJ-P' 1-.lj-2'KK_cI· 100CO .... Pr: tt', PT) II: JroIPS (~Ccn 290[0
3 2.0 • wIJ"1.KK~21 .. WlJ.KK-21 • w(J-2,KM, • 2.0 100CO I(Y~ {"'PT 1 ;: ) IOHI
• wIJ-l,!(K) • I;aI(J,Kld ) I ( ~f3 • ",T ~ 2.0' 100CO tF { K .FQ, ~TP. ) GO TO ~195 15FF I
.. CHJl • ( -1R(J-1,t<K-2) • 2,e • wtJtwK-2} - .( 1fl:OCO Yf~PT.I(""U • WLh~l'() 10FEI
J.lt~t<.21 • IIiIfJ .. ltKK} .. 2 .. 0 • lIf!j.t<K} .. w(J.1,KM100CO NEQR cr: ~fPR .. 1 10'EI
I I I I HEJ • "T • 2.0 I 100CO C~~
Tl ',U< 29DEO
I<EYJ • -EYI"I 05SEO IFI N[OO .l<. I I Gil TO 'l~O I~FEI
IF 1< .. f[;;. , ) GO TO 810R 2)AP I pOr~T 99Q~. "'FP~. l$TA 290En
IF lOP IJl .NE. I ) GO TO SlOB 2jA P I GO T~ 9q_. 29r.EO
GO TO Pl40 2lA P 1 bIRO CONTINUE 29r.EO
BlOII GO 1'1 I "140. Al20. A140. Plco, 81 4 C l. KfYJ 2IAPI C-----~AVE ~CMENTS F0p PLOTS AI.O"G THE TI"'~ AXIS 15FEI
BI20 REAC II ( RM!J-11 - 2.0 ., BM{J) - RM!J.11 ) I '" OSSEO 00 6?PO ~ • • • ~P4 ISFEI
1 .. a'J) • } I ( 2.0 • '" )
( CP(J-1) - CP(,J+1) 04jAI NERP • ~ 15HI
2 - ( Q(J-l) • W(J-2.!(K-1) - tltJ"'l) • W(J,!(l<-lJ O'!lSEO LSTA • J - 4 15FEI
3 - R(J-1) .. w(Jt!(K-1} .. Rt~.l) • w(J e 2.I<K_l} ) OSSEO IF I NCT9 \ Q9aO. b2aO. 62~5 15FEI
•
<, (t
t 4!O • ~E£ ) - ( T{J) .. WtJ-1.KK-li .. T(~l
W(J.KK_l) - TIJ.l) • WLJ,;t!(-U .. TtJ.11 •
055£0
O!5EO
~285 co b290 ' ( 9 . I. NCT9
IF I XAxl<l~(9) .'E. TESTT GO TO 6290
ISFEI
15FE I
6 '(Jolt""-!! ) I ... 055EO If I YA_ISINr91 .'E. TESTH , GO TO 6290 15FEI
IF ( K _ 3 I R121. 8121. AI2Z O!5EO IF ( r'f~"fNCQ) .... r. LSTA 1 GO TO 0290 15FEI
"121 "E'CT IJI • PEAC Q5'!\EO ~,;P'T 1:1 1\0'T • 1 !!iFf I
GC Tn AIOO OS5EO 'SA\d~PT) • L~TA I~FE I
BIn REAC1 (Jl • ~EoC - I I}n.;.Jl 0 QTIJ.2) I • 0.5 • p"O!.' • 100CO P(FYPlf'llPf) • 1 I~HI
I ( wtjtKI(-;:q - 2.0 • wiJ,KP("'l) • WIJtKK) 1 I 100CQ Mpr~~p'T; s ~F~iNCQi I~FE I
2 "Tf2 • OEIJI • ( _W(J.KK_c) • • IJ.K.I I I 2.100CO JC;YSH.. PT} - ? 10FEI
3 fit"T1_ ( f"'l1 tJ ... n • ( .... fJ-l.f.J( ... ;q • 2.('1 • 10n(0 IF I K • LT. , I EO TI) 6?"~ 15HI
'lIdj-l'KIC-;?) .... fJ,KK-2l • \rIi\J""2,KKl - ;(,(1" lorco yt~PT,~~2f ; ~~{JI 10HI
\l.C"''''lt!(Ki • w(Jtl<.d ) ... 2.0" OItJl • r l(!OCO NEQA :' "FR~ + 1 ISFEI
"'w(J .. ltKK'-?l .. 2.0 • tIICJt K K-2J - w(~·11I<K-21 ·loOCO CN,TINUf ISFf!
"'<J-ltI(K) ..l.O • • (Jtl<l() • III(J.l*KKl ) . lQ(')CO IF ( NEPQ .Lt. 1 ) on TO b?~O ISHI
R Cl (J.l; • ( "W(JtKK ... l) .. Z,o • ~d,J ••• KK·'} - 100cO Prilf\'T Q9Q'5. "FPP. lSTA 15FEI
<:I irdJ*2tKK-;:q • WIJ.KK) ... 2.0 .. IiIfJ.l.I(I<!. lQOCO GO T0 9QqQ 15HI
WIJ02.~K) i i i I HE3 • ~T • 2.0 i 100CO ~?PO CO~TlhUE I~FF:I
PEAC!,JI • PEACT'J) - ( 0.5' ( It,J'11 • ~Tr •• 21 I . loor~ C-----~.VE OEFlECTIO" PLOTS ALONG THE F~R ~EA~ AtlS 15HI
1 wIJ-I.~M-I) - o.S • ( TIIJ.II 0 TTI •• 21 I' looco IF I NCT9 I <:19M. 620". '205 290EO
? \IdJtKI<-11 ... 0.5. TT(J+l.U. T1(,J·1.2) ) • looeo 6205 IF I K _ 3 \ 6?Or. o?in. b?15 290£0
3 w(J.j(K.ll • 0.5" , TTC .... 1.P .. TT(J.l..Z) l • looeo 6210 NPR • NPT 29Cfo
4 WIJ·l .. K-ll I I H IODeo 6215 NfQP III 1'\ 29('\F:0
 N
o
o

DO 6220 'Cq. I. NCTq 2qOEO J5TA = JP5 ( ...il • 4 O~SEO

IF I XAX!SINr9) .'f. TEST~ GO TO bUO 2qOEO Z1 ;;; ",,'Pc:. ( ...Jl O~ SF. 0
IF YA'15INr9) .'E. TfSTO ) GO T0 bUD 10HI X II: Z 1 .... OSSEO
IF IVS~{Nce) .~E, ~~3 ) ~0 TO 6?20 IC,FEl PRY,..,T Q??, r~(JC;TA), CRM(JSTAl OS~EO
~JPFl = ~~pR • 1 ISFEI PPTI'oIT Q21. JP~{JI, x, \Ij(JSTA,KK-ll, A~(JSTA). REACT(..;STA) OSSEO
t<S{lV(~!pP) ;;; ~""'3 2QOEo ij3.0 CO'TINUE O~SEO
I<.£YP(~PPl So 2 2QnfO GO Tn 832~ 290EO
MP(,,)(""PRj II: fo'PC;(NCQ) 2QOEO C- ____ POI'T cn-PLfTE R.SWLT5 O~SEO
I'\:YC;O,PR) • 1 10FE! B3?n JSTA • _I OSSEO
00 6??S ~P~. I. ~P3 2QOEo 71 • J5TA O~SEO
NPP2 s: f- PP • ? 2QOEO J: 'II ZI • ~ OSSE 0
Y(""PfI, ""PPI :r. \Ij(NPP? KI'\:) I~F E I P~II'oIT Q21, J5TA, X, .... (J'ltt< ... l) , ~~(3), qEACT(3) O~SEO

6225 CO'TINUE 2QOE 0 CO e210 J . 4.MP! OSSEO

NEPR II: ~,fRR • 2QOEO J5Tf, & J .. " OSSEO
6220 CO'TINUE 2QOEO ZI = JSTA O~SfO
ISHI X • 71 .... O~SEO
IF ( ~EQR .IF. 1 ) Gn TO ~?95
P~I""T Q996, ""EPR. K~3 2QnEO PI=lII'oIT 9i?i?, D\Ij (J). DB~ \J) OSSEO
GO TO 900, ISHI P~INT 9i?1, JSTA, IJ,I(I'I: .. x •• l', ~"'(Jl, REACT(J) OSSE 0
B210 CO'TINUE O~SEO
C-----~AVE ~O"FNTS ALr,G T"E BfAM AXIS FO~ pLOTS ISFEI
6ZQ, NFRR • ~ ISHI KPC • " OSSE 0
CO ~3~n ""Cq. 1, NCT9 ISFEI IF , IT~. ) O)?6. 8315. 8326 2QnEo
IF I XA<T51"r9) .'E. TFST~ ) GO TO b300 I~FEI IF ( ~ .EO. ~TP4 ) Gn Tn A315 O~JAI
IF I YAxISINr9) .'E. TESTM ) GO TO b300 ISFEI IF I MO'I .En, 0 ) GO TO 031 7 2~ JA I
IF I TYS.I'CQ) .'E. KM4 ) GO TO 6300 I~HI C-----PPI'T ITEPATIO' .O'ITOO nATA 06JAI
NPFIT • ~'PRT • 1 I~FEI PRI'T 916 ••• 3 06JAI
~SAVT(NPBT) • K~4 IsHI Pj;jJNT 9i?~, ( JIP-4C.(~), N • I. 1Io10Nl 06JAI
KfvPT INPAT) • 2 I~FEI DO P31~ ~T ~ 1, ~lTT 10FF.I
MPOTINPpT) • MP~INC91 I~HI PPI~T 9i?4, "I. K ... C~T(~T) I SF'
I(V'5T (NPpT) • 2 IsHI PkT~'T 9i?~. ( .... "'(~hN), N • 1. ~O~I ) 2QnEO
CO ~30S NPP. 1, MP1 IsHI B316 CO'TINUf 2QOEO
NPPl="PP,? ISHI IF I ITrSP .FO. 0 ) GO TO P317 I OFE I
YT n·PRT,NPP) • R~(NPPJ) ISHI P~I"~T 9977 InFU
6305 CO~TIN"F I~HI rC" 1=1331) ~I:z 1, ~TT 10FU
NFnp II: ~ERR • I~FEI P~I~T 9c4. ~I' ~rNTI~t) InFEI
6300 CONTINUE ISHI P~[I'oIT 9i?S. ( .U(~ItN), N. 1. ~O~I ) 10FEI
IF I NEOO .LF. I ) Gn TO 6~OU I~HI B330 CO'TINUF. 10FEI
P~TNT 9996, ~F~~. K M4 ISHI ~)17 IF ( KCLCSF(11 .F~. .ANn. 'CLOSE(2) .EG. n ) Go TO e31~ O~API

I~HI IF ( ~CL()SFI11 ,EC. ) PRINI 90~6 06API

GO Tn 9999 OOPI
6200 If ( K .LT. 1 ) GC Tn A317 06API IF I KCLr~fl?) .EO. ) POINl 9987
IF I IP< ) ~lO?' 832" AIO? ISHI POIU 998, ISAPI
0~5fO GO TO 000 0 ISAPI
C-----pOINT ~ESULTS 06API
BIO? IF I K .r_T. 1 r.r Tn ~?oo 290fO 8318 IF' • • LT • • J r_c Tn 7000
2Qnf 0 C"---"~f5FT .... tJe!l :I \Ij(J,I'I:K"'l) AND "(J'i?) • • (J,1<1<1 AND I<.K I: , OSSF.O
PPINT 902 100CO
(';0 Tn A?OC; OSSEO 8315 ro P21' ~ ~ I. ~~1
8700 IF ( I<. .GT. 4 GC Tn 8201 OS~H " ( J , l l II "I.J.I<I'I:-ll OSSEO
P~I"'T QI, O~~F 0 -,J(J.i?) 2 "(j.KI'I:) OSSEO
8i?01 P~INT ql~, 1<~4 OS SE 0 B21S CO~TINUF.' OSSEO
820S pOINT 901 O~SEO ~~ = ? 05SE 0
Ol;l;.Fn
!F ( IP~ } H~OO' ~J~~' MJ?O
O~SEO r-----PlCTTI~r_ CuoVfS O~SEO
e3~0 IF' • • LF • • ) GC TO 83?D
IF I KPr .[Q. K054 ) Gn Tn 8)20 OSSEO IF I "peT .EO. 0 ) Gn TO ~500 15FEl
IF ( Mn~1t .fr'. 0 ) Gn TO A1j?5 O~API C(1 P":'OI'l ~ = 1, ~PRT I~Ffl
C-----p"I'T ~nNIT"O 5ToTION5 RFSULTS 055[0 I<SAV(~P~.~l 2 KSAVT(N) ISFEI
~o P340 J = I. ~c~S OS~EO KFVP (~PC.~l = I<FVPT (N) ISFEI
 "POI'PR.Nl • MPOTiNI I!lFE! IF KPS .Ea. 1 ) 15s171 = 51< DVT 2~J'J 1
~VS!~PR.N) & K¥ST(Nl I!lF£1 IF KP~ .fa. 2 1 TS~(7' : 51< ~VT
f 26JIJI
00 e-o' ~~« I. ".3 !!lFfI f,(Orr I 10 • • J I~II) ) ISS 26JUI
Yt~P~.N.N~) • YTIN,NN' ISFE! '079 IAre • IA I 2 17SEO
8605 CCNTINUE I!HI II • 2 • lAD, USEO
86no CO'TI~UE 1!IFf I IF I II .FO. II ) GO Tr 'nTA 17SEO
~p~ • NPB • ~P8T I!lFfl IA 11: Ii • 1 IBEo
850n IF I K"" .E"Q. 0 ) Go TO ~Sol 2'10EO I(Jc:. I:: 1
I S'I t. j 111 5H
17SEO
USEO
PRT~T Q9S3, K~Ax. KM3 l!fEl
PQl"T 9985 2'10EO T O'R !" 'S tA I ? 15Hl
Gr ,0 9Q<;Q 29DEO on 7076 ~. 1. lA2 115EO
eo;nl IF I IP~ ) .~02. 8503. HSn2 l!lfEl NP? • N • ? 175(0
esn3 penn 9.0 I!lFEI F\!N • 2 • I'. ... 1 175EO
.~02 IF I NCT9 ) Q98D. 1010. 7050 O!lSEO 15<::! i} lIJ IS It..N) 115[0
7050 IF I MOP) P112. n14' ~113 USEo iS~\?1 ::J' tSp.N.n 175[0
8312 PRINT qll 17SEO 1F ~ .~[. tA? I GO Tn '077 175(0
G(' TO .n40 17!~0 IF I~S .EO. 1 ) GO TO 70AI 115EO
R314 PRI,T qn 17SEo 7077 F~ccr,f ( 10. 5. IQIN P 71 ) ISS 11~EO
GO In 11'140 17~EO GO 10 .nT~ 17SEo
R3l3 PRI~T 972 11!£0 'oel ENCorE I 10. 6. IOlNP?) ISS I1SEO
'0'0 v'"11I 0.0 I!lHI '0," CO~TI"'UE 17SEO
"1",../2') • 0.0 1!I FE 1 IQS a 0 175£0
NAC & 0 O!l~EO Me • r 162 • 2 , • In 17~EO
fib. • 1 O!lSEO C-----SAVE T;'E VE~lICAI VALLES OF TNE ACCUMULATtO PLOTS I~ A' O~E-DIME~SIO'AL
lOS • 0 0'55£0 C--.--ARRA~ Qt Yp 2lA P I
00 7065 ,p. 1. ~PB O!lSEO '2S~ or .060 I. ",xI 'I. 15H'1
NAC = NAC • I O!lSEO YDc";l\l.",T) • V~NPtNrl O~~fO
IF "lAC .EQ. I ) JNI • 0 2!1JAI 10~O CO'TI'UE 055£0
IF KEYP (>,P, .Eo. I I GO TO '051 17SEO Ir { ~Pn(I\Pl .fO. 1 , GO Tn 7090 O!lSEO
I~ ( ~~yP(~Pl .EC. 2 ) lnx(~AC' • ~P3 O!lSEO If I .Pnl'P) .~E. a ) ao TO 9990 O!l5( a
~PS = ? • ~YS(NP) IOFEl If I MOp ) 'CS3. '054. 7053 USEO
K~(~Ar} • KSAV(NPl O!lSE a c-----Sf' SCALE FOP THIS FRA"E OF ACCU~ULATED .~oT5 RV MICROFILM OP BALL-POINT
GO T0 7r.~? O!l!! 0 C-----PAPER PLnTTl'~ MFT~OD ~lAPI
1()51 F~Y(--A('\ #. w'fPZ O!lSE 0 7053 NPP • NAC • ~AXT 1!lFE 1
~S<~AC' : K$AvtNP, OMEO 00 7260 • • I. ,Pp 15Ff I
KPS = K. . StNP) 10HI IF ( '(tIIIt)) .(:1. ,(peN} V~(ll c yp(p.,.) 15Ff 1
10~2 ~A)I'1 = rOX(f\ACi O!lSEo IF ( "'''(2) .1 T. YP(N) 1 'r'~(21 )"p(,,) 15Hl
IfMOP) 77S0. 72SS. 1:>SO
I ISffl CONTtNUE I !I FE I
7250 IF~P .'E. NA ) GO TQ 1?'5S
( ISHI XM(P 1: "'1. I!\Ffl
C----.SAVE TI~E OR REo. STAS FOR TITLE$ ON T~E PLOT l!\fEl tjt,ljf2j • MAXI - ? I!\FfI
1158 IA • ~A • NP • I 17!1EO tROLL « I ISFEI
ISIIAI • KSAV,NA) 175£0 LOP" Jl tOP ISFU
IF I MPC(~A) .EO. 0 ) GO Tn 7159 17n'0 LOP. -, IlIFE I
~A • Nil • 1 175£0 CALL lOT 1 ( )ffolt VfoI .. 2,. TO I!lHI

11SQ
GO TO 7ise
NA • NA I . l7UO
17SfO C~ 1o~P
LOP •
J . 1.
L~PT
~A.I
I~FEI
17SE 0

.
I ~S (Il II: ~PRCR 26Jul :rF" (",,) :II: J - 2 O!lSEO
.EO. I I GO 10 10S9 I75EO CONTI NLJE OS5EO

..
IF KE¥P(t1P}
10121 I O~T 1"[ 5TA a USEO IF IpotAXY.p Z' """31 ISfEl
IF ( KPS .EO. 3 1 IS~(21 5" ovp 26JUI Xr(ftoIAxy.2) • XMi4l 15,,1
IF ( KPS .~a" 4 1 T55111 S;' ~VP 26JUI c~.---PLCT T~IS Fe.~E rF ACClJ"uLAT(~ PLOTS RT "lc~orIL" OR BA~L-P01" P'PEP
FNrt"Cr I 10. 4. l~!l ) I ISS 26JUI C-----PLOTTI~G ,,[T.rr 21A P I

1n;9
GO TO 7"lQ
Ifl( 21 .
laHBEA" SU e
17!EO
U5Eo
no 726!
N~
• a 1 • • ,c
~ ! t - I J • ~AXT
ISHI
15F(1
 N
o
N

CO 7270 ~I. I. _AXT 1~'E1

VPI,1l • VPl''''·NI. I~'EI
7270 CONTI~UE I~FEI
V"III • yPI"AXI.11 15'0
Yl"121 c YPl~AXI.i>1 15FE 1
YPI~Aq'I' c YMI31 15'E!
VPI~AXI.2} • YMI41 15'E 1
IRnLL =
MPOI'P - NAC • ~I 15FEI
IF l N~ .~". NOS 1 Go TO 1?75 15FE!
If I N .EO. NAC ) IFU"lLL • -I I'\FE I
7275 CALL ZOT I I xr, yp. "AXI. TO 1 15HI
VPI.HI.I} • YM(\) 15HI
YPI.AXI.21 • YMI2, 15HI
T26S CC"'TINI~ 15HI
VMlll 0.0 15HI
nuz) " 0.0 ISHI
NAC • 0 15Hl
GO Til 7~65 175[0
C-____ PlOT T~IS rR."r nr ACCUMULATED PLOTS 8Y PRINTER PLIlTTIN8 ~[THOO Z\ApI
7n5~ 00 1080 J . I • • AXI 15'EI
IXIJ1"J-2 ·055EO
70@0 CONTINUE 055[0
PRI,'T II O5SEO
PRINT I OliSEO
PRINT 13. ( ANI IN). N • I, 12 ) Oll5[0
PRINT 16. NPRnR. ( AN2IN" N • I. 14 ) 055[0
IF I KpS .EO. I ) PRINT 9il 055[0
IF I KOS .EO. 2 1 PRTNT 91q 055[0
IF I KOS .EO. 3 ) PRINT 9?9 IO'El
IF ( KP5 .Eo. 4 ) PRINT 939 10'[1
IF I NAC .Lt:. 5 ) GO TO 1~84 I!lHI
PRINT 9976 1!I'El
GO TO 9999 I!lHI
10S4 00 1085 " I . I. ~AC O!lSEO
PRINT 912. KI' SVMalKII. K5(KI) O!lS[o
70es CONTINUE 05S[0
PRINT 'Ill O!l5E 0
CALL SPLOT 9 I NAC. yp, lOX. IX O!lSEO
NAC • 0 O!lS[o
GO TO 1065 055[0
70<10 JNI • JNI • IDXINAC) O!ISU
7065 CONTINUE O!l5EO
PRINT 11 I!lHI
PRINT 16. NP~06. ( A,'IN). N • I' 14 ) I!lHI
CALL TIC TOC (41 055'0
GO Til I~IO 055EO
PRINT 99'e 055[0
GO TO 9999 O!lSEO
Pt-lfNI ';""1 l~rEl
GO Tn 9999 10'0
9980 pol"T 9P.O 055£0
9999 CQNTINlif O!l5EO
C END OF CPC5 05JAI
O!lSEO
 SUqROUTINE INTERP3 ( MP7. f\lCT, ,)"'1. IN?t 1(J:f2. ZN, 1. LS~, I('S'-I l C'S~FO 161'00 iF 1 KR2u;CI I l~qq:. }#"7r, '#.05 '?JAS
OI'IEIIISTO~ JNlilOOI. JN211ool. Ko'tlOol, 1>'0001> 112Q71, "5_11001 'OF~6 16~5 J'iJ ::: IN? (J"~C) • I,-;U 12Ap5
FORMAT (114;]" ERROl> qe • • • STAT!ON~ Nr>T IN "IIDE. 1 14~Y5 1610 wt:'1 !(q?(NI":) 1?JA5
FOR'IAT I 114j" UNnESIANATFD rRRO" _Tnp IN SUBAOUTTN. ) !4 V v5 ~.jC 1 ~JC 1 'JAC;
FORMAT (,,4bH ER~OA __ ~'~N_?ERo nATA R~VONO ~N~ ~F ~~AM , ..... yl) Ib~~ CU~T1NL[ 12,IAS
DO 1~Q3 J; 1, YP7 "5~~O 16~' CC~TJ~~l ;]1~F'f,"
l(J) • 0.0 ~6MQ5 ,"1p~ II: MP1 - ? "SS-" 0
CONTINU[ ~f>b :: ~P1 - 1 r'5~~O
'~"Q~
AS" = LS"t 12A='5 (--.--TES' F~~ nATA £R~n~EouSLY ~TnRF~ BEvnNn F~nS OF AFAl AFAV nAIt,I~A

AS" ::t AS,,", , 2. "96"5 lCfIo. l(l)" Zf?l .. 71') .. 11""1''') .. ZfMPfo!l .. ?iMP") f'dSC;C' 0

M • "P7 • 7 I'\. 5c; J"(] IF ( ~C~ ) lOQQ, Ib7~, l~Qq \ 4,.yl'j

J(~I • 0 IlJ6S 1616 I=\£TV~ti 14,I.;IY5
IF( NCT • I ) 167.'l~'4"60. 7SSP 16,5 PRINT qn~
GO Tt) 17jQ
'4"""5
DO 1~75 NC. I. NCT '6SC'1 ''\J661
IF J(RI 1 16Q~. 1605. 1'0' lOr-r-6 IIj~8 PAl'NT Q'.).4 14 .... ",C;
NCI a NC 'Z J65 GU Tf') 17"'9 ''\ !h67
JV a JNIIN(1) 'LSM . 12A05 161':19 PRTNT QQY 14~¥5
If J(RZI~C) I le'8, IIOT, I~TO ,OFF6 11,9 CONT1'vf Ib~ 1
IF JN2INC) _ M ) HO'. 1"'0<>' 1~li ?4 F r6 [N0
JSZ • IN;>{NC) IOF~6
lNS • zt.UNC) ~1'E6
GO TQ 1619
JSZ • .
lNS • ZN(NC1) • ( Z"INCI - 1NINCII 1 • I JS2 - J~ , l5"
lOFn
tO F E6
"O~~b
I ( JN2(NC) • JV • lS~ ) 10~"6
KAlOS • KSWINCI 'I~E66
GO TO 1 1613, 1615, 1617. 1~17 ). ~6SS '15~bb
16\3 If I JNIINC, _ .. 1 1619. 161 Q , Iq~ 1 QFfb
16,5 IF I JNIINCl' . . . 1 1619; 16j'l, 1~'O 10'[6
16 17 IF I ~S.INC\l • Z I I~I~, 161 5 • 16jS o91oC1t6
)618 If JIII21NCII _ .. I 1~19. 1~j9, 1610 (19"'°6
16}9 JI • Jv , 4 10 F [6
J2 • JS2 + 4 10F!6
DENU" • JZ - JI • LSI< l2AD5
JINCR • 1 1 ZJAS
E5" • 1.0 l!JAS
IS- • I llJA~
If DE NO" ) 169S. I '2~, 16H , lJ6~

DENOM • 1.0 12J6<;

ISW • 0 , ZJA5
IF ! JZ - JI 1 1651. I~l;;. 1~30 I'\BIo4RA
00 1650 J . Jl. JZ, J!NrO lZJ6S
F • J 1'\ 96 C:l'5
F! • JI 09A"5
DI'I' • • • '1 • 65M "9605
PART. OT" I nE1\10,", 12JA5
llJI • ZIJI , ( ZN{'JCU .. PhRT • r 1NS .. IN!~C1I II • ES"IOF~t>
1 60 0 CO .. TlNuE Il.IAS
16~1 If I l51>1 1 Ib9R. Ib52. 1'60 (,8j"dl'~

Ih5
5
16 2 I' I 15~ I 1698.
JINCR • JZ •
16"'0. 1.55
Jl
o9APS
\l'JAS
ES" • ~O,5 IZ.1AS
15~ • o lZJAS
GO TO 1630 llJAS

tV
o
w
 ,4nCb6
e-----
C
SU.ROUTINE TIC Toe lJI
TIC Toc (II • eO~PILE TTMF
TIC TllC (2) • ELAPSEn Co" TT~E
"8~OB
r"R~QiR

C rye Toe (31 • liM, FOR T'il~ PRO"LE" nAfoiQA

TIC Inc (41 • TI"E rOR T.<l5 PRORLEM AN(\ FLA o 5EO cPU Tt"~ i"At.fPA
10 fORMAT(IIt30'lQHELAPSED roll TI"''' = I~.c", ~lN"TESFQ,),A'" ~rcOND5 ::>SC::ff.6
11 F'O~t4AT(11130:"1-:'HC~,",P!LE TT~F' u .T5.~ .... ~t""'ITE<;.F'9.3'Ro1 ~F'r:I"I"IOS ~S~f66
12 FORMATtII130~2.HT1ME F'O~ THt~ PRA8LEv • • t~.A~ ~rNUTE~,F'q.~. ;SSF66
1 A'i SECONDS I ,S5E66
t • J - , ,one66
iFf 1 ItO,~(I.3l)
T-1 ?'''f6 6
'0 fl~ f = ;SSf66
(~o Cb.LL S[CI"JNO (F) ::':t'f'f.6
III • f 7Sj'F6~
11 c 111 I ~o ;S5f~6
Fy2 c f' ... ll.~o 'SSE66
IF( T ) 5ry.10,~O >55f66
"0 PRINT I!' Il'F!2 ~5sr66
GO F' Q90 ?SSt66
~o FIJ s F _ F14 ?5SE66
12 • fT3 I M >5SE66
fI3 =
Fl' _ 12*~o ?SSE66
PRINT 12' 12' fl3 ,5"H,6
1Ft I-I • 9QO.Q90,70
10 PRINT 10. 11."12 ~~~~~~
9QO CONTINUE >5 5 E66
RETURN '5"E66
EN" ?5SF66
 Sljq~OUTINE SPLDT q ( NPLT, 'II, I'1't't II( 1 1 I J[O IF owE~A.LT.o.} O""F~A = ~. 1'"14 Iro
C • • • • THE LATEST REVISION nATA FOQ THIC; ,oOIITIN[ IS II JUN 70 cEVISE~ ~5 IF O~EuA.EQ.THETA 1 GO TO ~O ll~oq

CO..,MON I SPLOT I WIDTH, S"-4ALi. ~TG, C;yuR 1 1 JrO SIG 'o1A = ( IWIDE _ 1 ) I I "'''''FGA - THE'TA n'J~O
DIIrotIENSYON IOXI}). X(]l. IX(;1t C;PACrl",21, SY"-4j:\f!o' II JrO IF ( IAX.E'Q.l .OQ. I'IJE~n.FO.l 1 Gn TO 60 llJEO
INTEGEQ "10TH "l4Jt"O RETA =
1. - SI~"-4A • THfTA 11 J~o
DATA SPACE I 6Z-lH I IIo4T I • qLA~K I IH I
• SY"-4A I 1 LifO IOTA = APA o4JfO
c •••• •••• THIS ROUTINE ~UPERI ... pnSE~ UP TO 10 PLOTS PER FR~~~ t'14JrO IF (BETA - IOTA) .r,~ • • 5 )
I IOTA. IOTA - 1 ('\4J~0

C THE flQST PLOT SHOULn QE TNf LON"F~T 'NOST POINTS, o5JfO ISK;C. K TnTA 11 JfO
C TH~ PAPEN SHOULD BE pnSITIO~fD PCO"EcLY AND ALL 10 n Cq I~S'" = ISKX 11 J~O
C
C
C
.... HEAnlNGS PNINTED BEfnp~ rALLI~G.
INPUT -NPLT, THE ~UMqER of PLOTS FnR TIo4I~ FRA~E
InX, AQRAY CONTAINI,," LE"GTH nf THE CESPECTIVf PLoTS
10 n Cq
"4.1E' 0
f14JrO
~O 00 Ino I . I, M"-4AX
IF ( OP<lEuA.NE.THfTA
I""'S~ • IOTA
r,o TO ~~
lIJ~O
II JfO
I I JfO
C IDX(! 1 = NU~RE. Of DOTNTS IN nQsT PLOT, nCo r'\4Jrn SPACE(lOTA) • "'Y"'~(C:;I llJfO
C x, STARTINr, AnnRESc; OF TuE ~,RST PLoT r4J~0 GO TO 8" 11 J~O
C - NOTE • TH~ PL",TS IoIUCjT qE STOREO CO~TTGOUSLY n4JEO ~5 III<. =0 II JfO
C IX, INDE,oEN~rNT vARfABLF' ( T~OExING ) II J~O IF ( IAX.EO.l) 1;0 Tn '7n 11 JEO
C WIUTH, WIDTH OF PLnT( '_ES5 T~A~ ~3 ) 14nCq SPACE (ISIf''II) • !;Y,,",A II J~O
C LOWEP LINIT or vALUfS Tn RE CONSIDERfD
S~'LL, II J~O 10 uO 85 NP ~ I, N~LT 1'14JE'0
C
C
C
.... OUTPUT-
diG, ~PPER LI~IT Of vALUf~ To RE CONSIDERFD
NO ACTUAL VALUfS A"E RfT"QNEO TO THE
CALLING RO"TI~f • THE VAl IJ~S AQF PRINTEO
IIJfO
loncq
, OOrq
IF
IF
IF
NP.uT.l)
I.GT.InX(NP))
x(I'IIxXI.LT.THFTA}
IfX • • TI"'))'(N~-P -
r,0 TO 8~
GO Tn .q5
IIXX t'14Jro
n4JrO
11 Jro
C AND PLOTTEo VEDTICALLY. lonrq IF xd·I1XX).GT.O""~r,A I GO Tn QIi I1JEO
C T~E VALUES PQINTEO AQ~ T~OSf Of THf flQST PLOT. filS. lEO RET~ • ST~MA • ( XIT_IT'IIX) - THE'TA • 1. o4JEO
C IF "10TH IS GQEATER THAN 0 TNE 1<· .. 15 , .... ) IS PLOTTED "'4JFO leTA. BFTA 100Cq
C WIT" THE APPROPRIATE AOJ"STMfNTS I" 'CALE MADE' IF NECCESARY o4JEO IF IBETA - TOTo.) .r,~.n.c;, tOTA. IOTA - 10ncq
C IF WIDTH IS LrSS THA" 0 THE ,.AXTS I~ "OT PLOTTED A"n T~E 04JfO IF IOTA,GT,IMSK) IM~ • • TOTA II IrO
C ROUTINE fUNCTIONS JUST LIKE ~PLOT i n4JfO SPACEII0TA) • Sy"'~p,,0) I I JEO
C •••• FRAN~ L E~ORES PAX l~q2 •••• !1JrQ q5 CO~TI"UE I"I·J~O
i2 fOQMiT I 41<,14,)X EI0.),21< 6pAI 1 11Jro .. 8 PRINT 12- lXIII, XI!), ( c;~ArE(L)' l.l~tt.4!;K I 11 JEO
NENO • 0 1"'4J"O 00 qo J . I, 62 I1Jro
IrotI""A,( I: 0 n4J r o qO SPACEIJ) I: qLA"'I1( I 1,lfO
I_SK • I 11JrO 100 CONTI~uE 10nCq
00)0 I . I, NPLT 04JEO qqO RETURN lOOCq
IF ( ""P<lAX.LT.IDX(I), "-4ra.!A'II = Tn'llITl '1 4 JF'O END SPLOT q 10 JfO
NENU • NfND • IOx(I) r4JrQ END
)0 CONTINUE "4J~O
IF I NEND.LE.o 1 r,0 TO 11~~q
loWE. WIDTH (I. 4 "IrQ
lAX • 0 i14J~O
IF 1"IOE.LT.O lA'll • r4JEO
IF IWIDE,LT.O , IWI~E • -IWlnE o4JEO
IOTA. IWIDE 2 IIJEO
D""EGA • XII) 10nCq
TMET A :I 'II (1) 100Cq
IF I NENU.EG.I ) r;0 TO 11"nq
DO So I . 2. NEND 100Cq
If I O_EGA.LT.'II, n""'Fr;A =
'II(tl 10nCq
IF I THEIA,GT.XII' THETA. 'II It) 10 0 Cq
~O CONTINUE 11,IEO
IF , S_ALL,GE.AIG ) nO TO 'OJfO
IF , O_EGA.GT.RIG 1 Ora.!Fr,A • ~rG o8JEO
IF TMETA.LT.SIrotlALL' THF'TA • S ... ALL o BJEO
If IAX.EG.I) 1;0 TO ~~ II JfO
IF TMETA.GT.O. l TIo4FTA • n. "4J~O

N
o
V1
 N
o
0'

SU~ROUTI'IE lOT I ! XF, yr. "I', TO I 11 JFO

C • • • • Tt'tF LATEST UEVISIQN nATA FO~ Tlfl~ "OIiTIN, IS 11 JUN 10 DEVISEo
CO ... "ON I lOI I LOP, MC, TROll.' .. 01' 11.1rO
DIMENSIO~ XFfll, YFIlI, Inl') °9J<0
OATA I~C. 10, x. Y. XL. Vj. yo. yO I 1.12.0 •• 0.,Q •• 8 •• 0.,QO. o9JrO
DATA ITI' IT2 I -1"0 I r.9JFO
C XF ARRAY CONTAT~I'Ir. THr x _ rnnRol'lATES n9J~O
C vF ARRAY CONTAININ~ TH' Y _ conpnl'lATES 09J~O
C Np NUM8FR OF P~TNT~ Tn 8E pLnTTFO 19JrO
C LOP LINE OR POINT PLoT npTln" "9J,O
c O , LINf PlOT M~J'O
C • -J • pot"T PLOT AT EVFPy JoTIf POiNT o\lJ,O
C • • J , LINE oLOT WITH A POI"T PLOT AT EVFRy J_TIf PT. n9J'0
C 10 VARIAAL~ OR ARR,y co"TAT"T"G TITLE OF PLOT "9JEO
C MC NUMarR nF CIfARArTEP~ tN TTTLE I 0 If NO TITL' , °9J,O
C IROLL - OPTION TO MOVF TO A NEW 'PA"', - AfTER T~TS PLOT '9JEO
C • I , SAME fRAM, ,9J'O
C EOUAL TO 0 • NEW FRANE "JEO
C LESS THAN 0 , TFRMI"AT£ o'J!,O
C MOP MiCROFILM OR PAPER 0LOT DOT 10" n9J~O
C • I • PAPER PLOTS 09JEO
C • -I , ... ICROflLM n9JEO
C •••• FRA~K E~ORES PAX lA92 •••• O'J~O
NC " MC n9JEO
ITI"ITl.1 o'Jr O
IF ITl.NE.O , r,n Tn 20 n9JrO
IF MOp'EO.1 ) CALL 'l6""LT n9J!,O
IF MOP.EO, .... 1 CALL AG,,"LT 09JEO
IF I\IC·"'4£.O ) GO To "iii o9JFO
NC " 10 ,,9J[0
10 " 101f o9JrO
CO"'INUE .,9J[0
C POSITION aRIGI" "\lJ~O
IF ! I12.EO.O, CALL PU 0.0. I.e;. -J) '9J,O
If ! IT2.EO.l ) 110 T" i nO n9JrO
C SCALE x - AXI~ n9JrO
CALL SCALE I Xf. XL. NP. INt" '9J[0
C - - - • SCALE y-AXIS o9JeO
CALL SCALE ! Yl'. YL. NP. IN" o9JfO
C - - - ~ SET UP X-AXIS n9J,0
y~ • - 'FC~p.l) I Y~(NP.Z' n\lJ[O
CALL AXIS (x. YMtlH , -1, XL. XO. xF(NP+l), XF(NP.~l "'JEO
c • • SET UP Y-AXIS "JEO
x~ • - XFrHP.l) I X~(NP·2J o9 J ro
CALL AXIS C XM, Y, IH , 1, ' l . YO. YF(NP.lt, YF(NP'~} "JEO
C _ • - • PRrNT TITLE ,,9JrO
CALL SY~ROL C .1, -,~, -I'. TO_ yO. ~c r"J£O
C - ~ - • PLvT TIfE rU"CT!ON o'J[O
lr.O CALL LfN£ ()O", .,r-, !"W,:;., 1. L\}j:r, li~ I -:'}-.jE:~

If I !T2.ECl.1 I rT? • 0 09JEO

IF I IROLL.Ea. o CALL PLT l ,1\, .0, 999 ) O.IlJFO
IF I IROLL.L T.o COLI. FNn"LT r9JrO
If I !ROLL.GT.O tT? • 1 ollJFO
IF I IROLL.LI.O 1 TTl • _1 ! I J<O
 APPENDIX G

LISTING OF DATA FOR EXAMPLE PROBLEMS

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
"#$%!&'()!*)&+',)%!'-!$-.)-.$/-'++0!1+'-2!&'()!$-!.#)!/*$($-'+3!
44!5"6!7$1*'*0!8$($.$9'.$/-!")':!
 E •• ~PLE PQORLEwS FnA ORe. CACA •• N I- T JACK r~ ",~ A'-'.t,., I @ '·3.Q?3~.~Q
QYNAMIC AEA~-C~LI)~~ ~~OGqA" WStNG 5~1-~ l~PLltTT nP~HATD~ 9 1-2.1'~2E.no
TNELASTlCALL"f ~tll-'pr'lJ:HEn "lA~1;j U~jOFI",j\ ~ RI:.t: vJRR6TTt"JN 10 I 0,
o 0 r nOn 0 c 1 1 o l~ 0 1.OR~F.nq 1.~v\lt·n~
'~~F~-5DG\ A~A~. A~ 'A~~n ~TANOAQn 7-U r,~~r~ '~nVT~~ ~llM
I ).OOOE.oo e~O 6.2A3<-G3 -I n n ~ IJ /"\ l' 2 4 ?
so I.DUO[.OI l,onOF-n6
1 1 1.0(1fjC+V.? 40 ~.OOn~.)l RO 5.~h~F-J?

1 1 1.~l'q)F'.u{t o 1 o.onCf.OO
I 1 o .~.vOo~·~1-~.GurE.rl-S."p~~·91 41"1 1 O.I}OtlF.flO
1 1 ~OO -l .V(lOf.oc-l.pu>t .r2-1 ....Hl(1t..(l? o t.t') 0 4.50')1:·11
eOD _c.OnOE.~I_~ .. nvlE.nl-~.nDnt·OI 10 311 fl 4.~"'("F.ll
1 1 0(·0
1 I n"l.onOE·oo 1.1/"1I"lt" .. 1'1 ., 1 1.0{"tjf-f\? I.OiiO".OI" I0 10 2.00QE-O'
2" 3b 60 I?O I.n 30 3 11 2. ntJi.;f" ,)"
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 APPENDIX H

PARTIAL SAMPLE COMPUTER OUTPUT FOR EXAMPLE PROBLEMS

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"#$%!&'()!*)&+',)%!'-!$-.)-.$/-'++0!1+'-2!&'()!$-!.#)!/*$($-'+3!
44!5"6!7$1*'*0!8$($.$9'.$/-!")':!
PRor;RAM nBC:S - MASTER - JACK C~d"l _ M"TLOCIt' - I")EC,I(l-~EVyC;ll~! nt,.T[ • ?6 ~I'I"'I 71 F~O,~ TO r-:Ol'lTrl ""0 nr DE
EXAMPLE PPU~LF"~S F"O~ m~Ct; po.,GRA,j ~y JACK Co.jA~ APRIL 197 1
lJYNAt.1IC ttEAM-inL,I~N PQI1r;O,6!'t 'ISINti c;,-l-t; T~PLICTT I"IPFQATnR 1.00 'JE. ')0 -u. -n.

PRO~

I
T ABI E b
-T I ~F nEPE~OENT AxJAL TI-iQII~T

BE A~ STA TIMF STA

FROI-l TO F~Ou Tn TTl TTZ TT3

TAa[ F" ~UM9[R .I'IjOI~C: 0

5 ~ 7 q

HOLn FROo.t PRErEDINlJ PI"H")~LE~ (l_l-in[l1)

NUM CARDS INPlJT THIS PRn~LEM TARLE 7 -T I ~E D[Pt...NDENT L(')ADYN"

BE A.... STA TIMF STA

FROM TO FRO'" TO QTl QT? QT3
TAALE 2 _ CONSTAOTS
-5.I"!OOf+Ql -5.000[.01 _~.OOOE+Ol
~UM OF REAM INCREMFNT5 -1.000F+0~ _1.000E·02
0 BOO -1.(lOOE+OZ
BEAM INCREMENI LENr,TH 1.000E+o(\ Ron 800 -5. n O'lE"+01 _5.000[+01 _S.OOOE·OI
NUM OF TIME INCRE~FNTS aOo
Tl~c INC~EHENT LEN~TH 6.283[-0)
OPTTONAL PRINTING SWITCH n
NUM OF "IONITOR STA I P~INTT~r, -0 TAaLE 8 - NONLINEAW SUPPORT CURVF~
iTERATION S'!TCH (O=LINEAR) .1
NUM OF .... ONyTOH STA ( ITER4Tyr'')''1 , o
PLOTTING METHOD(-I=MIC.,O.PPT~'TE~,l-PAP~~) I
LINE OR POINTS PLOT OPTION I I -1.000F+QO 1. "nnr-O 1 1.onnF"'_OZ
20 3~ ,0 I?O pO
- - - __ I1ERA!ION DATA FOR NO~LIN[AR ~UP. CV. ___ -- e ?o Ina
MA~TMUM ITERATION NUMRER ~O
MAXIMUM ALLO'.SLE "EFLECTION 1.000E·01
DEFLECTION CLOSURE TOLERANCE I.OOOE-O,
MONITOR STAIIONS(ITERATION)
I 2 3 • 5
STA J -0 1040~lZONTAL Vt~TIC~L rjElI"" nR TT"'F- '-'IILTTPLE PlOT
AXIS AXIS 5T~TY"N ~~ITC~ rTrEltSIJPE~T""pn~F ~ITH ~~XT
TF-O,PLrT dLi SAvED PLOTC;~

TABLE 3 - SPEC IF lEU DEFLECTIONS ANn SLOPES

STA OErLEC T I ""J lOPS (IF.I,INITIAL
Tr.?,PERJIIIANfNTl

FRO~ TO CONTO R CP

_0. I.OOOF.O? _0. -no -0. -0.

N
>-'
Vl
PRO.RA~ 1SC! - MASTE~ - JACK CHAN _ MA'LOCW _ ~EC~I-REVJSInN nATE - Zb JU~ 71
EXA~PLE ~QO~Lf.S Fnp ry~(K P~"GRAU '" JAC~ CMAu AP~JL 1971
il'NA"lC ~EAM·cnL" .. N P'IOGPA'" .. S IN" ~-1-5 J~pLIC I T OPFIiATOI>
PROR ICONT!)}
l O N E MASS SUPPn"TE:) "y • "()"Ll~EAO <PilING U"IOER ~RFE VTR'IATlI)N

PROq ICO~TI.)I
l O N E "ASS SUPP"~Tf.D 0, A "ONLTNEAP ~PQJNG UNDER ~IIFE VT~"ATION

TABLE lQ- CALCULAT~D RESULTS

J-SEAM AXiS. ~'TI~E "15
n "'JNUn'S
'PRINTJ~r, RE5ULTS IS NOT REQUESTFn'
 -0. -0. _ n. on. 1. f) I') 0", I 0 -0.
PROGRA~ nBCS - MASTER - JACK C'"1AN _ "4ATLOCIC'4O nECI(I4OREVISI"'~ I"'lAT!: - ~b ...III'" 11
£XA~PLE fo'ROBlP''''S rOR PPI"l~PAUI O,",Cc; R'f JACK C~A"t JLI~E lq71 30 <.40uE·10 -0. -n. -1.00()f·05 -n. -no
DY"'IJA~IC t=tEAM4OrIjLIJ"'~ PQnr;cAI'4 I 5-, ... c; yuolP"IT I"'lPrRaT,.,Q I

PROR
TABLE 5
F"RO"4 TO
- MASS AND DAMPINGS DATA
I"'ONTn RHO 01 DE
b
30 5.184E-Ol -0. -0.

TABLE 1 - PROG~A"-CO~TROL OATA

TA8l.f NLI"'RER
~ ~ 7 TABLE b
-
BEh STA
TlME DEPENDENT A~IAL TI-fQ,.S T

HOLO F_O. PRECEDING PRORlEM (l="OLO' o o TIME STA

NU~ CARaS INPuT T~lS PRORl,M 2 5 10 FRO ... TO FRO'" Tn TT, TT2 TT3

-,.,.ON£.-
TARLE 2 - CO~STANT'

NvM OF ~E'~ INCREMENTS 3~

8EA~ INCREMENT LEN~TH
NU~ OF TI~E INCREMENTS
•• eOOE'Ol
40
TABLE 7 -
BEA .. STA
TI~E DEPENDENT Lf')AOlloJr;

TIME INCREMENT lENr,TH 4.000E-02 TIME STA

OPTTONAl PRINTING ~'ITCH -1 fRO~ TO fROM TO QT; QT2 QTJ
NUM Of MO'ITOR STA ( PRINTI~G 4
ITERATION S~ITCH (O.LINEAOI -i 11 11 O. O. _1.000E.04
NUM Of ~ONITOR STA ( ITER'TIOM I 11 11 4 ~ -1.000E'04 -1.00OF"·04 I.I)OOE'Ol
PLOTTING METHOD(-IB~IC.,O.PRI~ITEo.l.PAP,~1 11 11 ~ 12 l.oOOE.03 1.000F+Ol _1.OOOE,Ott.
11 11 1~ 16 -1.nOnf',04 _1.000[,04 I.OOOE·O)
LINE UR POINTS PLOT OPTION
11 11 16 ~o 1.('101"1['03 l,OOOF.Ol _I,OOOE·04
-- __ -COMPLET[ PRINTING TIM, INTfRV.L A~D Mn'TTO~ STATIONS fOR PRINTING-----
TIME STA INTERVAL Of COMPlrT[ PRI~T 4
~ONTTOR STATIONSIP~INTING)

STA
1
B
2
15
3
16
4 ~
17
~ 9 10 TABL[ 8
- NO"-/L I N£.A~

Tn CONTD Q-~UL
SUPpnRT ClleVfC;

TIPL lEO ~-MULTIPL'ER POINTS S'~ OPT W-TnLfOANCE a-T(')lf!'gA~rr

F"Rn'"
_____ lTr'ATlnN OATA FOR NONLINEAR ~UP. CU.- ___ _
MAXTMUM ITERATION ~,Ii_I~RER 5~ -1.OO"F:'·"~ 1,1')00E-01 -0 1.O .... 0~-O~ 1. 001')f!'. On
MA~IMUM ALLO.'BLE DEFLECTION •• DOOE'OO Q _40 _4" _l9 -35 _?O 0
DEFLECTION CLOSURE TOLERANCE 1.000E- 06 -.0 _3U _?O -10 _s n 40
MONITOR STATIONSIITERATIONI 15 -1.OOQE"Q2 1• "(H)jC' .. 0I 4 1 I, "OO~ .. OI.j. 1.00nf!'."t"I
I 2 345 \I u 0 0
STA B 15 16 11 10 20 4Q
17 -1.000E·02 1.000E-01 1.000·-04 1.000"·0('1
II 30 bO Db ll6
1u ~O 40
TABLE 3 - SPEClfltU DEfLECTIONS ANn SLOPES
STA CASE DEHE~TTON ~I O~F rops rfF_I,iNITIAl
9 _ PLoTTING S"ITCHE,
Tr_.:?PEAMANENT) TABLE
0 o. "'O~F
HORIZONTAL VEHTICAL BEA~ 00 Tr .. r wULTTPL[ PLOT
30 O. .. ONE
AXIS AXIS q ATION ~~!TC~ 11'.l.SUPEOI~PO~E~ITH NEXT
If-O'PLOT ALL SAVED PLOTS'
TI ME lJ[fL 8 1
TABLE 4 ,Tlf.NESS A~ln F p,En"ll"lfln naTA T I ",E I)EfL 17 0
TI"E .... O..-T 8 1
fROM TO CONTo QF S CP T I"'E ~Op.tT 11 0
 PROARA~ ~aC5 - NA~r£~ - JAC~ C~b~ _ ~~TLOC~ _ nEC~l-REVISI'~ 'ATE : 2~ JIJ~ 71
9EA~ 0EFL 4
ElI.AtAPL[ t>'ROHLF"o.AS ~0R PQ'i~PA'" O~Cc; ~'( JACK C~A~! JUt.ff 1911
BEAM OEFL ~
O'f~~i\"'"IC 'JfAM-rf'LI ~N cQnr,QIlM t 5-' ... " T"PLIf'Il' OP£::\IATr.Q t
8EAM DEFL ~O
8£UI ~OMT 12
8El~ ~DMT 16
8U~ "OIOT ~O
PRO .. (CO~TU)
6 THClEE-SPA~ REA'" wITH rH>JF ... wAY AN.0 C;V""MF"T~TC NO~I t J~6c C:;'.)P UiADr:'l q ... T.p

TA8LE 10_ CALCULAT~O RESULTS

j·8~AM Axrs. ~'TIMF •• rs

TIME STA k . .,

'iT 4T rONS
j • I~ 17
FOR ITERATION, TMERE ARF. 0 'iTATlnN~ NnT CLOSED
-1,lllE-16 -I.I?~E-l~ -1,~36E-IS -1.317~·15
TIME STA ¥. -,

STlTlONS
J • I'" ]7

FOR ITERATION, TMERE AR£ 0 'iTATlnN~ ~~T CLOSEn

·1,lllE-I~ -1.j2.E-i~ -1,']6F·l~ -1.317~.j~

•.•.. $T,T1C RESULTS .....

STA J OIST nEFL ~LOOF "0" SHE.R SUP REACT

-, .4.ttnOE·Ol S."OIE-I~
-1.,.?~-19
ti.
1 ,Ii!ltr-I?
0,

O. 0, ~. 300£-11 _I,U9E-12
I. i14F-19 -6.6'iH, .. j6
•• tlOOE.OI 5.]46£-18 '1.0111'-11 0,
~.11.,~ .. 19 -1.1~",~",1?
, o.onOE·ol I.SSI£-11
1.Qt;Af'.19
• 1,936"-12
-1,189'-12
O•

1.440E.Oc ?.~1'-11 ... ~.t;Qf,F'-ll O•

~,'9? .. _20 -l.lQQF'-l?
4 l.970E.02 2.708<-11 _1.2141'-1 0 O.
_1 •• 21'< •• 19 -1.1R9r::-it»
~ c.4nOE.02 l.q20~-11 _1.H~E·l0 O.
_1\ •• 19 •• 19 -1.19""·12
~ 2. 6~O(. 02 -6. ~I O,,_IA _'!.341r_ 1O o.
-1.' I 0.. _ 18 -1.1119.-12
3.3~~E.02 -.,.1\29 .. -11 -2.M3~-1 0 o.
_1 •• ~3F-18 -1.1~9"-1?
3.840£·02 -1.313E-16 -3,3~~<-10 2.625E-12
,,'.'1:i4~_lA 1.436.. -12
0 •• ]'OE·02 -2.30SE-I~ _2.5 .. 0"._1 0 o.
_?76~F_la 1.430"-P
 10 -3. n2~-16
-, O.
1. 4 161='-1::'
n. O. O.
II -S.217E-I,
1.43""1=" .. ,-::,
I>. _15.2 .. "'f-12 O.

I' n.
14 o. ?,oC'SI=" .. lq -1.41"1='-17
_?Jt18E_18
_?~::'6f_18
~ •• bO'-IO O. • ~.~n6F'_20
-I. I, 2E- I 0
-1.414F' .. 1?
O.

7. b~OE -02 -1.236E-15 3.261[-1~ _1.09.E-12 -1.8t'oo3f-1 0 O.

I~
.. 3,1""6,, .. 19 "l •• ~OI="-J?
O.
3.5 0 <;'-10
-1.4Q'-F'-12'
.. 3.50"PI:"_13
O.
I· 3.'~4f-'0 O.
-3.507[_13
10 O. 3.a4nE.n2

3. 0 .4r:- 1 t) c. 9 4.320E.02 _~.OO;8r_IO n.

-3.~07F.-13
21 -1.315E-15 O. 10 4.t:itlOE.02 _2.01~E-10 O.
2.8HE-IO
-3.!;01F" .. IJ _~.;:t.5F'_18 1.6J~F-i2
1.Ol)bE+03 -I. ?42E-15 O. II O.
22 ?S"8(-10 1.600~_1?
?042f_ 18 -3.507~_IJ _3.4601=" .. 18
1.104£-03 -1.144E-15 O. I~ _1.4?6r-1 1 O.
23 2.3?2E-IO
..J.4 Q Q",_I8
?~07[-18
13 7.noE-11 O.
I.1S2E.03 ~.OJJE-IO O.
-3.S07E-;3 "'.,33E .. le
14 6!120E.02 1.679E-IO O.
1.200E.03 I.'?~(_IO 0,
_t',QQ8F: .. 18
-3.507~-i3
1~ 7.200E.02 -1.104E-15 2.~~5E-IO O.
-7.:?71E-16 1. 4 0IE-10 O.
-3.507E_13 1.511'-1?
1.29bE.03 -5.~73'-1' I.OIIU-IC O. 16

2" 1.:44E.03 -3.772E-16 ' . I '9E-' I O. 17

-3.S07E-13
29 1.30lE.03 -1.on3E-16 3.5""-11 O. I" 8.b'OE'02 -1.36IE-15 3.514'-10 O.

30 1.44IJE+03 o. n. 10 9.1~OE.02 -1.379E-l~ 3.J44E-IO o.

~.o.0<_19 -3.qO~<-j1
O.
1.qOJE-16 0. 0, 9.bf')O(.Oc -1.1t'ooSE-15 '.14:?~-t" O.
3'
frM[ c:TA ~ • 21 1.00~E.03 -1.3?IE-I~ O.
1.~06F_18
22 2.6~~f.-IO O.
~TATIONS
?03 7 f_ 18
J = 8 14'1 17 2, 1.104F.Ol -I.I"IF-IS ?3'<;F-IO O.
;t.e;12 ... 18 _3.74~F'_'1
TTE~ATION. THE~E AQF n ~T4TIn~lC; ~n! CI.05£0 24 1.1"2E.03 -1.030E-IS :::!.07I:SE-l" O.
"b.bOIF-17 -,.104F-l~ -).?ZJ~-15 -1.l10F"-I~
-3.705 F _13
25 1.2nnE.03 -~.A98r-l~ 1.7~~f-10 0,
1.?"P8F'_lB -3.66't~_'1
••••• DY~4MIr ~ESULTS ••••• \,4~JE-I 0 O.
-3,629~-;1
o.
TIJ.4[ C;TA jo( =
O.

5TA J DIST SUP REACT 20 n.

 N
N
o

J = ,. ~TAT1ONS
,,
Jl ITERATION, T"ERE AO< ,Q ~TATI~~~ ~nT CLOSED
-c.qqlE-O~ ·~.~~~~·~1 -~.4bA~-Ol ·7.1AO~-~1

'OR Z ITERATION, T~ERE ARf ~ ~TATlou. ~nT (LOSE"

~TATIONS -2,99IE-~Z -S.6~'E-,i - ••• 6""-01 -7,180'-01
J • I~ !1
ITERATION, T"ERE ARE ,. ~TATloNS NOT ~LOSEn
-0,665'-03 -1.190f-ol -1.10 7 [-01 ·1.062'·01
STA J
'OR Z ITERATION, T~E.E A., 0 STATlnN. NOT CLOSED
-o,665E-03 -1.19nE-nj -1.147E-OI -1.462'-01

IS

STA J OIST SHEAR SUP IIEACT

-1.3S2r·02 11 2.727E·05

T11'1[ ~TA t( •

1'\
"'ONITaR 5TATIONS
I .. J • e 1'1 1~ 17
8.160E'02 -1.462(-01 IT(IIATI0N. T~ERE ARE '9 STATlnNS NOT CLoSEn
~ •• 613~-02 -A.Aq'E-nl -l.nlQE·OO ·1.137~·OO
T1"''' STA " •
rOR 2 ITERATION, T...ERE .RE .9 STATIDN~ NOT CLOSED
STATIONS --.136'-02 -".3~.E-ij, -Q,,,,"r-Ol -I,07eE'OO
J • 8 1" 17 ~OR J ITER.TION, TH[~E ARE .Q STATloN~ ~OT CLOSEO
lTERATIO", T"ERE ARE .9 5TATloN'I NOT CLOSED ~4,576E.02 ~~.~Ro(·n; ~Q.Q~7~-01 -1.lll~·n~
'OR
-,.690'-02 -1.'2oE-01 -'.~31'-OI -3.eeor-.1 'OR ITERATION, THERE ARE n ~TATI"~~ NDT CLoSEO
fOR 2 ITERATION, TMERE APE .9 5TATln .. ~ NOT CLOSED ·'.576f-02 - •• ~.oE-O' -Q.951~-OI -1.lllr·n~
-1.613,-02 -Z.9RAE-ni -3.404[-01 -3.140'-01 T!~E sa ••
rOR 3 ITERATION, T"'ERE ARf "STATIoNS NOT CLOSED
-1.613'-02 -~ •• 9.E-~; ·,.404~~01 -3.744'-nl STA J DIST ... ~ .. SMEAQ SUP IIEACT
TI ... E sa " .. -I -.,SOOE.OI O. o.
SUP R[ACT 0, -1.028E+01
STA J OIST
4.600E.Ol
1,71111':-0? o•
15 7.Z00E.OZ • 2 •• 98E-Ol _'.50'5E·00 0,
J.1UE-02
2.i35~-04 -1.0~5~.OJ
I" -3.404[-01
" PlE-02
11 8.16~E'OZ -3.74 4 E-0!
_2.:>63,,_00
TI"'E STA " s
-5.,,12[_04
 FOR
1.830E·03
FO_ TT~RArION, T~~Rr ARE ,9 ~TATI~~~ ~OT ~LOSEn
q -~.410F-02 -Q.40,E-nl -q.74~F-Ol -1.106F+nl1

I~ O. FO. ITERAT!ON, THEQ[ 4RE ,q ~TATI~~~ N~T CLnSEn

-4.67Qf-02 -A.~A4f-~l -1.~04~.OO -1.lJsr.n0
II O.
FOR
I~ 0,

I~ O. FOR
-4.73Ar-02 -Q.A~~f-ni ·1.~24f.OO -1.15~r.~~

FOR ITERATION. T~ERE A.f ,q ~TATIn~< ~OT CLOSEO

I~ T,446£+04 -4.7RSr-0? -~.q'AE-nl -1.~33E.00 -1.1~7r.~0

I. 22?. 05 FOR ITERATION, THE.E AR< ,q ~TATIn~< ~0T CLOSED

-'.7~ar-02 -A.q~Jf-~l -1.n3~f.OO -1.170r.o~
8.I,OE.02 -1.lIIE'OO ~.6C;?E·n5 4.578f+03
_1.,7Br_03 -2,547£+02
0,
FOR 8 ITERATION, THERE ARE ,q ~TATInN< NOT CLOSEO
I~ 8.b40E.02 -1.lq2E'00 3.~IOf·05 -4.901[-02 -A.Q~~E-nl -1.~3~[.00 -1.171r.OO
_q.<bOf_ O• .2.7q3E.~2
Iq Q.120E.Oc -1.238~'00 .1.522 •• 05 O. FOR 9 ITERATION. THERE ARE ,7 ~TATIn~s NOT (LOSED
_3.073~.n? -4.802(-02 -~.q~AE-nl -1.~3~~.OO -1.171~.~0
3.3"7(+05 O.
-3.37~E.02 rOR 10 TTE~ATIO~. THE~E A~r ,6 ~TATI~N~ NOT CLOSED
21 3.Z04 •• 05 O. -~.80Zr-02 -~.Q~Ar-~l -1.~3~£.00 -1.171r.oe
-3.b9.~.n2
2.97f\E+05 O. FOR II ITERATION, THERE ARE ,ii ~TATIO~S "'OT CLOSE!)
-3.982~.n2 - •• 802f-02 -A.q~AF-OI -1.n3~F'00 -1.171,'00
FOR lZ ITERATION, T~ERE ARr 15 5TATInN. NOT CLOSED
24 -4.802E.02 -A.9b~f-Ol -1.~3~~.00 -1.171~.~0

2<; 2.0~OE·"~ O. FOR 13 ITERAIION. T~ERE AR~ n .TATIn ... NOT CLOSED
i .b7"'I':.O~ O.
~ •• 27f_03 -4, __ 65F:+02 TI"'E 5TA I(' •

27 1 .. 27AE+05 O.
'. ,83._03 -4.q~4F.'.n2
Z. -3. 743E-0 I ~.b2If·0' O. STA J OIST
3.~SS~_03 .. 5,062[.02
1.3q2E.03 -1 •• q2E-0 I 4.341[+04 O.
'.942~ .. 03 -S.IOIE.Ol -3 •• 74E-02 -2.115f·05 1.390E·OJ
1. ".OE+ 03 -t'. ~ i 3~-03 -2. 77RE ·iI'!
3 .. Q42r .. OJ O. I~ 7.21)0[.02 O.
31 1, 4R~E. 03 _2,7 47 r ... 03
-ti.~3·E-01
TINE STA I( •

-Q.q3 0 E-01
~r)NTTO~ STAT TONS TI"'£ 'ITA I(' •
J a I~ I' 17
FOR TTE~ATION. T~E~E ARE ,q ~TATInN< NOT CLOSED STATIONS
-4.600E-02 -8.57.E-o' -Q.q3nE-01 -1.125f.OO J • I' I7
FOR ITE~ATION, THERE ARE '~TATInN< N0T CL~SEO FOR ITE~ATION, T~EQ£ AR[ ,Q ~TATlnN~ ~nT rLOS£n
-4.600E-O~ -~.'i7A[-ni -q.q311~-OI -le125F"+iil'l -1.b98r-Ol -~.nnnE-nl -~.QR7r-01 -7,00~r-Ol
• USED ,o"nJUSTt:o LOAn"'r'!FfL C1JQVF' T"l CAl C'IL6.TE nEr:-LECTIt)N~ •
 N
N
N

24
1.200E.03
l,h8E.03 O. .7.505E'O?
5.885E·02 _I,OOlE·01
o.
1.361'.';2
1.344E.03 o. TI~E ST. • • 10

1.3~2E.03 9.9]2E.02 .~.2~~E'04 O•

• 2.~~9,.03 8.892~.~?
1.440E.Ol O. _4.6~6F~09 .A.892E·02 J • 8
_2.069~.0] ~.~31~_il
1.468E.03 -9,932[-02 O. O. fOR ITERATION, THERE ARE ?Q STATlnNS NOT CLOSEn
31
-1.738[-02 -l,A44E-OI -'.Q7~F-OI -2.00R~-~1
TI~E ~TA • • Q
n ~TATlnN~ NOT CLoSEn
FOR 2 ITE~.TION, THERE AQ[

J •

FOR ITERATION, THERE ARE 19 ~TATlnN~ NOT CLOSED

STA J OYST SIJP REACT
-1.559(-02 ~.5A4r-n? 1.~39~-OI 1.656r-OI
FOR ITERATION, THERE ARE 0 ~TATlnN~ NOT CLOSED
-1.559E-02 5.~~.E-0' l,ry19E-01 1.~56£-OI II
• U5ELl ADJUSTE!) LOAO-nEFL CURvE T" CALCIILHE rlEFI.ECTIONS • 0,
7.200E.02 -I,A44E-OI
FOR ITERATION, THERE AOf ,~ ~TATlnNS NOT r.LOS[D _?,6Z 0 J'_04 4.540~.nz
7.6110E.02 -I,970E-OI Q.IOor+ 04 8.195E·02
-1.430E-02 1.7IaE-n, 1.772£-01 1.8~6F-nl
1.9"5F:+~J
FOR Z ITERATION. THERE AaE ,~ STATrnN~ NOT CLOSED 8.I~OE.02 -2.008~-OI i.S4flF+1'I5 8,928[.02
-1.4191'-02 6.64~£-n2 l.isOF-OI 1.764E-OI
TI~E STA .. • II
FOR 3 TTERATION. T~EaE ARE ,9 ~TATInN~ NOT CLOSEO
-1,430£-02 1.1i~E-0' 1.,1,r-OI 1.896£-01 STATIONS
FOR 4 rTEII.TION. T~ERE ARE ,9 ~TATInN~ NnT CLOSED J • 8 It. !T
-1.4'~E-02 6.~4'E-n, 1.1501'-01 1.1~4F·nl
FOR ITERATION, THERE ARE ?9 ~TATION~ NOT CLOSED
FOR 5 ITEIIATION, T~ERE ARE ,9 ~TATI"N~ NOT CLOSEO -i.115£-02 -t.,4~iE-~1 -T.~90f-OI -8."6I1F-hl
-1,4901'-02 ~.llqE-O' 1.162£-01 1.183'-01 l ITERATION, THERE ARE ?9 5TATlnN~ NOT CLoSEn
FOR c ITERATION, THER~ ARE ,8 STATIONq NOT CLOSEO -2,036(-02 -",JJ?E-oi .7,464,-01 -8.~40F-ol
-I,485E-02 6,79~E-O? 1,171£-01 1.792F.-61
1 ITERATION, THERE AilE "5TATInN~ NOT CLoSED
~OR ITERATiON, THERE Aat; ,~ ~TATI"N" 'lOT CLOSEO -<,036._02 -~,~3?E-?i -7,464,-01 ·8.~40'-nl
-I,48~£-02 ~,7Q1F-O' 1.11"r-OI 1.791'-01
FOR d ITERATION, THERE ARE ;5 ST'TI"Nq NoT CLoSEn
-I,485F-02 6,1qi~-o' 1.'70f-01 1.?91~-~1
STA J
FOR TTERATION, THERE AOE ~ ~TATlnN~ N0T CLOSEn
-1.485[-02 ~,1qiE-n' 1,170'-01 1.19IF-~1

STA J DIST I"

11
20
21 1.OO~E.03 -1.75)~.O" u. 51 A J :)y ST ~IJP RJ:.ACT
,.c;121='.0",-
2~ 1.056E.03 -1.736E.00 o.
l,4 4 0F .. Ol
':;.407F.:.05 O.
-2.R4'5F:.';1 0.
1.1~2E.03 -1.S46E.00 C,.14QE·/lc; n.
3.c;52~_OJ -6.231,::.';2
1.2~OE.OJ -1.375E.OO O. ..3.~07f_03 6.1561='.n3
17 -1.1~5E'OO 1.S47F.nc,
1.2.8E.03 -1.160E.OO O.
TJ~E C:;TA II' •

27
2. STATIONS
J • I~ 17
ITEpATION, THEpE 4PF ?Q ~TATlnN~ NOT rLOSE~
3n O. -j.344~-02 -~.~7~'-~i -~.C,21r-Ol -7.2971='_nl

31 1.4QaE.nJ 3.1~2E-OI n. c. FOR ITERATION, THERE AR~ 'Q ~TATloN5 NOT CLoSEn
-3,422[-02 -~.~4"~-nl -~.706E-Ol -7.497~-nl
Tl"-'E ~TA I< • 11
FOR 3 ITERAlloN, THERE ARr n 5TATlnN~ NOT CLOSEn
-J.422r-02 -S."4nE-O! -~.706f-OI -7.497F-nl
~TATIONS
J • e I~ I7 TIME STO •• 14

FOR ITERATION, THEQE ARE ~9 STAT InNS NnT CLOSED

-5.080~-02 -q.~17E-O' -1.130E'OO -l.?q~~·oO STA J DIST II::LOP.e" SUP ~EACT

fOR .. 7.';16, .. 04
-5.080F.:-02 -q.~7~F-Ol -1.13nE.on -1.29~~.;'O
• U5EU ADJUSTED LOAD-OEFL CURVE Tn CALCI~ATE nEFLEcTION5 •
FOR ITERATION, THERE APE ,Q ~TATtn~c:; ~nT CL~SEO
-5.~99~-OZ -1.037~.on -l.?O~F'OO -1.374F·OO l~

fOR ITERATION, THERF ARE ,Q ~TATlnN~ NOT CLoSEn 17

-5.080F-02 ~Q.~71E-oi -1.13nF.OO -1.?q6F.OO
FOR 3 ITERATION, THERE AR, ?9 STATlnN< ~nT CLaSEn
-5.49QF-02 -1."3~E.on -'.10~E.OO -1.~7.~·nO
STATIONS
FOQ 4 TTERATION. THERE A~E ,Q ~TATIn~~ ~nT iLOSE~ J • I~ 17
-~.3Q5E-02 -1.n2r.E.nn -,.,q~~.o~ -1.~S4~.no
1 ITERATION. THEPE APf ~Q ~TATIn~~ NnT CLnSEn
FOR ITERATION, THEQE AO, ,9 ,TATln~< ~nT CLoSEn -1.0'9F-O? -1.44~E-o, -1.1BS'-01 -1.102'-nl
-5.403r-02 -l.n~lE.nn -l.'~~r.on -1.3S6~·~n
FOR ITERATION, THE~E A~~ ,Q ~TATInN~ ~OT CLOSEO
FOR b TT~RATION, THEQE AqE ,R ~TATYn~~ ~OT i.LOSEO -1.095F-01 -1.43~E-n, -1.'7A~-Ol -l.OQb~-nl
-5.404E_02 -l.n~lE.O~ -1.l~~F.on -l.~~~F.nn
FOR 3 ITERATION, THEO' AR~ 0 <TATloN< NnT CLOSED
FOR 1 IT~QATION, THERE AQF i7 ~TATrn~~ ~nT i.LnSEn -1.OQSf-02 -1.4]QE-nl -1.17~r-OI -1.096°_01
-5.404r.nz -l."~ir.ry~ -l.iq~E.OO -l.~~~,.nO

FO~ H yTEWATION, THE~E A~~ ~ ~TATIn~t~ ~nT iLosrn

-J.QQ6r-02 -~.'~~E-n1 -qt~lQ~-Ol -l,lbS~.nn
STA J DIST
 '-...l
N
+'-

7.0441:" ... (11 1,,044[-(11 ,.t::Q't"_01 3.384'-01

.. 2.j.74~ ... 04 -2.7l)6F".i'l2
3,840E.02 -1.095E-O' ... ,.9"F'+()4 4.37AE+O? Fe" 17 !THIAT 10"1, T"E'IE AQ~ '9 C;TATlf'Hd(; .,.:"IT cLoSEn
A
_1.A"IF_04 1.?~5F".~3 7.160'-01 t .'Iuf.-n1 ,.C;Q'F"-Ol 3.:3~4J:''''''1
n.
I, 1.<00E·OZ -1 •• 39,,-01
I. '«;6E-04
1. 5'iAF.:+ f'l5
1.585F.03 FOR lti I TE'<4 r '0"'.T"ERE ARE ,II ~TATIt)"~ "0T CLOSED
,.c:~e-F-Nl 3.3R4F"-nl
I~ 7.I>~OE.Q2 -1.,\78E-OI ~.'l'lF".OC; _1.435[·01 7.252f-01 t.94t;E-n1
5,AIIU_ 04 -4,396f.02
_4,OIlE'0? FCR I~ ITERA [tON, THE"E AQf ,~ C;TATlt"!"Jt:: "'H CLOS[n

. r,
11 8.II>0E.O, -1.0'l6E-01 2.074F"+"5
7,l26r-01 1.04'1E-Ol ".C::Q2F' ... 3.384F"~tl1

T!"E 5rA ~ I~
FOR 20 ITERA fl ON, THERE A"E 'A ~TAUn". "'(>T CLoSEn
7.3~;f-03 1.'I4"E-01 ~.~92E-OI 3.3A4F-Ol

j . 8
"Cl"Ti'n~
I~ I"
5TA T10"'5
!1
fOR 21 ITERATION. T"ERE ..IE '7 HAT!"". "OT CLOSED
7.4)2E-03 1.94",,-01 2.c;'I~f-OI 3.lA4F-01
FOR lTERAT !o~, THERE ARE
;'.534f-0. 1. ''';'F'-O,l
''1
S"ATTI"IN~ \lIn CLoSEn
,."\9°f'-Ol l.lqlF-iil FOR 22 ITER> T10". T"ERE AgE '7 .TAU"",· "nT CLoSEn
1.4b9F_03 1.94"E-~1 ~.ti{Q'1F-Ol 3.3A4F"-rq
FOR .: ITERATION. TyEflE AflF ,. ~TATln~~ ~nT CLOSEt)
FOR 2J ITEIUT!ON. TwEIIE A"E '7 t;TATr,.v."c:;; NOT CLOSEr)
-2.lhE-02 I.~q~~-~l >.)511'-01 3.11>4F-ol
7.4q9F-03 1.94"'E-Ol ~.~91E-OI 3.384F"-ril
FOR PERA TlON. T~EflE ARE ,9 5TA TIn~~ ~nT CLOSED fOR 24 ITERATION. THE"E Allf ,5 qAT!m.~ ,,"T CLOSED
;'.534f-04 1.16"E-01 '.l99f-01 3.lql"-~1
7.522E-0] l.q4"E-01 ,.~q'n"-Ol 3.JA4F'-nl
FOR 4 !TE~ATION, T~ERE ARE ,9 S"ATtnl'l,lt:; ~"T CLOSED
3.1b4r-~1
FOR 25 ITERA TlON, THE~E A~[ ,3 ~TAT!"". NOT CLoSEn
-2.174E-0~ 1.!>fl"'E-ni :>.l'ilF-OI 3.3841'-';1
7.S0IF-03 1.'1."'£-01 ,."'93E-OI
FOR 5 !TERATlOt.. THE"E ARE '9 5TATlnN~ ~OT CLOSEn HERA TION, THERE ARf >2 5TATIO~~ "OT CLOSED
FOR ~I>
7.264f-04 1.19nE-nl 2.432E-OI 3,?24"-01 2 ... ·llE-01 '.'ME-ill
7.556E-03 1.941-tF.-Ol
FOR 6 ITERATION. To;ERE ARE ,9 5TATInN5 NOT CLOSEt) FOR 27 ITERATION, THERE Afir >" 5TATln~~ NOT CLOSEn
2.0951'-0] l.q~3E-01 ,.';'1';F-OI 3. 31Z'-n I ,.';q1F-Ol 3.3RO"-nl
7.568(-03 1.9.""E-nl
fOR ITERATION, THERE ARE ,'1 ~TATInN5 NOT CLOSEt) FOR 28 ITERATION. T~EIIE AilE ;1> 5TATln"'~ NflT CLOSEO
3.214r-03 1.'1'\ j E-O 1 ~.~AlF-OI 3.379"-iil 3.380"-01
1. S7Br-03 1.941-1£-0\ '.~93E-Ol

fOR ITERATION, THERE A"f >9 STATln,,~ ~nT CLoSEn FO~ Z9 !TERAIION, THERE UIE 15 .TATln~~ NtH CLOSEn
4.107F-03 1.934E-OI ,,~8~f.-Ol 3.380~-~1
7.S85f-03 1.94"'F-Ol ~.o;9'f.-0l 3.385'-01
rOR y ITERATION. THERE ARE ,q 5TAT!~,,~ NnT CLOSED FOR 3U ! TERA TlON. THERE A~E ;4 C;TATYntoJc:: NnT CLoSEn
.,81 0 E-03 '.93 7 E"'('I1 ,."An-Ol l.J81~-nl
1.!>92f.-01 1.Q4t'-E-'P 7.C;QJF' ... Ol 3.385'-01
~OR 10 ITERATION, THEilE ACIE ,9 5TAT!n~~ NOT CLOSH! FOR 31 ITERA TlON, THERE ARI' 14 ~TAT!nN~ "OT CLOSEn
5,387(-03 I, 930E-0 I ?,~8·E-Ol 3.3R2F-~1
7,5'161'-01 1.q4~E ... Ol ' .... ql~-Ol 3.3RS'-01
fOR 11 ITERA T ION, THERE AR' ;q ~TATln"~ ~~T CLaSEn FOR 3Z !TERATION, THERE ARE '3 ~TAT!nN~ NOT CI OSEn
5.83QF-OJ 1. 94f!E-O 'I ".~AqF'-Ol 3.382"-~1
7.6001'-01 I. 94~.-n f 2 .... Q'u··O\ 3.385<-0\
FOR IZ ITERATION, THERE AQf
".ZOOf-OJ l.q4!E-~1
'0
'STAT In"lC:; 'JOT CLoSEn
2,0;901'-01 3.3831'-01
FOR 33 ITERATION. THERE AR' iz ~TATI~N~ NOT CLI)SEn
7.603F-OJ 1. q4"F:-~·ti 2.~q'f-Ol 3.3851'-01
'OR , 3 ,.FRATION. T '"IF R'F ARF ,'I 5TATTn"~ ~nT CLoSECl
fOR 34 !TE~ATIO~, THERE A~f II C;TtlTlnN«:: NtH CLOSEO
b.48U:-01 1.Q4,E-Ol ,."qOF-OJ l.383r-OI ,.C.Q)F'-Ol l.3A<;F-OI
7.60I>r-03 1.Q41.F.:-f)'
FOR 14 ITERATION, THERE AR, ~9 STATI"',. NOT CLI)SED FOR 35 ITERAT ION. THERf. ARE 9 .TAn",,· "I)T CLOSE!">
,>.716F-OJ 1,941f.-01 '.'1'111'-01 3.3A3F-Ol ,.,,911'-01 3.3851'-01
7.608f-03 1.Q4",E"fll
FOR IS ITER AliON, TH"RE AilE '9 ~TAT!fI". NnT CLOSEO FO" 36 PERl TlON. THERE A"E 7 STATln"" "OT CLOSED
b.8QAE-03 1.944E-01 ,,';911'-01 1.384F-nl
7.609E-03 1.Q4",F-ot '.~9'\F-OI J, 3aSF- 0 I

FOR 16 ITERATION, T~ERE A'lF ,'I .TATlfl~. NnT CLOSED

 FOR 37 yTERATION, T~E~E ARF 5 ~TATTn~~ ~"T CLOSEO
7,611F'-OJ 1. Cl 4"F'-r.., ~.lI;q"F-Ol 3.3Asr·nl

fOR 38 TTERATION, THERE eQF ~ ~TATI"~~ ~OT

CLoSEn
7.&12E-01 1.Q4"E- rll i".II;Q'F-Ol :\,:\R5':·r'll
27
TTME STA It • I~
2-

STA J DIST i'lFFI. SUP REACT Z9 n.

1.?3flF'.n3
-I -_,a"OE.Ol -5,?78E-04 o. O. o.
1. 1 00E-05 9."'31""11
O. O. -~.6"BF·03 n. o.
_1.175F._05 -7.4JOr.on

l.lOO,:.O?
O.

o. J •
_1.~t;4"_OS
O. FOR ITERATION. THERE aRF ~Q ~TaTI"~s N~T ~LnSED
4,~4l!:_06 1.n]q,:.n2' -1.726F-OZ 3.9~~E-nZ ~.717F-0~ 1.005r-ol
1.476£:.04 O.
'.'56.: .. 05 1.ft8 4 !:.02 Fa~ l ITERaTION. THERE aRE ~Q STArIoN~ NOT CLoSEn
6 i.Q Ro r. 04 o. -b.020r-03 •• 33~E-0' ~.Q6~F-0~ 1.019F-nl
7.~t6,,_05 1.218,:.02
3,:3~OE.02 O. FOH ITE~aTION. TME~E A~E n STaTION~ NOT CLOSED
1.474F.;'2 -6.0Z0r-03 •• 33~E-0' ~,Q6~~-0?' 1.019F-nl
3.840E.02 O. • u~~u AOJUSTEO LOaO-OEFL CUc!VI; TO caLCIlLaTE OULECTIO""S •
t.e74F.';'?
1.~60E-OZ O. FOR rrERArION, THERE aC!E ;9 ~TATION5 ""aT CLOSED
2.433~. ~2 -3.Q77F_03 7.70Qf-n~ 1.064~-Ol 1.3Q~F-nl
Z.9. ZE-QZ o.
FOR 2 ITERArlON, THERF aPF 0 STaT InN' ""aT CLOSED
11 O. -3.977F_03 1.70QE-n~ l.n64,: .. nl 1,~QR':-nl

I' o•
~.~ZQ~_O. .. ,382~.n2
q.71~F·I"I" O.
" •• 7~F_O. 4,76 3r. ft i' STa J OIST
I. 6.7?0E.,02 1.4Z8E-OI i.I~9f.n5 O.
".eS1r. n2 1.015F.oZ
I~ 1.9·~E-OI ).840E·02 -3.Q17E-03 1.22?E·04 1.591E·OZ
~.i47F_0. -1, SA4,:. 01
I~ 1.2nn[.02 1.70~E.-02 4.s1nF.n4
"'. 1,01=:_04 -7.083,,01
7.474E.Q4 _2.19]E.03 .. A.)AIiE·02
11
l,7Qqr=_OJ -l.7Q3F'~' ~.()4~F_04

10 4.~~8£-Ol _1.QQ4E.r)4 O. 17 8.1"'~E.02

1.7C;QF:'.03 -1.651~.~,]
o. TIME ~TA I-
20 9.600E.Ol O.
1<4()~1 T T(')~ STATlO""S
ZI J = 1< I~ i1

2~
ITERATION, THERE .RE ~Q ~TATIoN~ NOT CLaSEn
1. '~"'F"_04 -4.450,:.n2 -3.73QF-02 -'.~QQf-nl -4.~ll~-Ol -5.06~~-nl
_'].1"17Qr-.05 n.
_4.QQ1F" ... 04 -a.370F.nl ~ TTERA1JJN. THE~E .R' 'Q STATION~ NoT CLOSEO
Z. _~.OQ5E·n5 -J"S3F-OZ -,.'"4~-oi -'.2.QF-OI - •• AOZ'-Ol

10
10
V1
 FDA ~ TTiQAT10~. T~ERE AqF ,Q ~TATlnN~ ~~T cLnSEn
~.737F-O' 1.1Q~E-~' 1.Q1qr-Ol 3.00SF'-nl
I~ 1!bR(lE.02 F'OIi '-J TTEPATln~t r ... EQE Aq,t' .,,:; (;TATln",Jc Jll"'IT CLOSEn
~.195f"'O' \ .,Q"E-rl1 1.Q1Qt::'-Ol 3. oOS5r:'"" !"I 1
17 8.160[.02
,OR 10 ITERATION, T~ERE ARF 07 ~TATln~. NnT ~LOSEO
~.~41F-OJ 1.1q£E-~1 1.o1Qr-Ol 3.QO~V-~1

'O~ II TTERATIJN. T""EQE AQr ,7 <TATrn~c ~nT CLnSEn

~.S18r-03 1.1q~f-nl ,.q1Q~-Dl J.OO~r:'-Ql
J =
,OR 12 ITERATION, THERE ARE ,7 ~TATln~. NOT CLoSEn
rOR ITERATION, THERE ARE ,Q 5TATI~~' ~nT ~L05En
~.QOTF-03 1.1q~E-Ol 1.q1Q(-Ol J.oo~~-nl
1.2~O~-02 '.~4~E-~l 4.e4~'·Ol 5.12lr-nl
EOR 13 ITEQATION, r~ERE ARE 05 STATIONS NOT CLOSEO
FOR TTERATION, THERE ARE ?Q srATInN. ~Or CLOSED
"1.931('-03 1.1Q",F'-/)' 1.Q1Qr-Ol 3.n!'J~j:"-Ol
8.56IE-0~ 3,"31E-01 4.<3QE-OI 5.rI8E-nl
FOR I_ ITERATION, THEoE AOr ,4 5TATln~. NOT CLOSEn
ITER4TION, THERE AOt , 5TATln~s NOT CLoSEn
d.561~-03 ~.~'iE-nl 4.~3QF-OJ S.11S~-~1

rOR Ib ITERA'ION, THE~E AQE ? 'TATlnN~ NoT CLOSEn

STA J DIST ~.q76r-03 l,lq~E-~' I.QrQE-Ol 3.~o~~·nl

FOR 17 ITERATION. THERE ARE i6

STATI"~S NnT CLOSEn
A ~,9B6E-03 l.lq~E-Ol I.Q70,-01 1.008;-01
fOR I~ ITERATION, THERE AQE is ~TATION' N~T CLOSEn
~,993r-0) 1,lq~E-nl 1.9r9'-01 3,OOA;-ol
fOR j¥ ITERATlON, T~ER' AR' ,. 5TATI~N' NnT rLnSEn
a.I~OE.02 s. "lA(-Ot " 147r:. n S .".127E·03
~.~~9f.03 1.1q~F-~l I.Q7 Q r-Ol 3.008~·nl
TIME ~TA ~. 24
EO" 20 !TE"ATjO~. THERE ARE i. ~TATI~'J~ ~OT CLOSr.O
l,OOOE-02 l,lq~E-Ol 1.979,-01 3.008E-OI
FOR 21 'TERATION, T~ERE APr i3 ~TATlnw. NOT eLOSrn
J •
1.001[-0~ 1.lq~~·O; 1.979'-01 3.00R.·nl
~OR TTERATION, T~EPE AP' ,q ~T'TloN~ ~OT CLOSEn
FOR ZZ ITERATION, T~ERE ARE i2 ~TATI"N' NnT CLOSEO
-1.OISf-OO 1.150[-01 I.Q43[-01 2.981£-01
1.001'-02 1,19~E-Ql 1.919'.01 3.~OA.·nl
fOr< TTERATION, THERE ARE ,9 ,TATlnN' ~OT CLOSEO
FOR 23 TTERATION. T~ERE A~~ i l ~T'TI"~~ NnT ~LOSEn
1.96Sf-Q3 1.1,,£-0\ I.04A,-OI 2.9Alr-nl
l.aOI~-02 1,lq~E-nl 1.979'-01 3.00R·-"1
FOR ITERATION. T~ERf ~Pr. ?Q ~TATI"N, ~nT CLoSEn
FOR 2~ ITERAT:ON. T~EQF AO~ Q ~T.TJ"~~ ~~T CLnSEn
-1.Ol51'=''''04 1.15::,nr-OI J.Q'+'~"'Ol 21()Sl~-nl
1.OO?r.oz 1.lQ~r-n' 1.Q1QF-Ol l.On~F-nl
EOR • ITERAIION. THERE A.' ,q ~TATln~. ~OT ~LnSEn
FO~ 25 TTE~AT10N, TWE~r APr 7 ~TATI"~~ ~"T ~Ln~E~
1"q"'G~ .. 111 L,r:;.,r-nl 1.Q4~':-.Ol 2.9B)':--"1
1.002~-02 1,lq~E-nl 1.Q7Q~-Ol 3.00~~-~1

fOR I ITERATION. T~EAE AR' ,q 'TATln~. NOT CLOSEn

~.429~_01 1.?A~E-01 ?_1AE_01 3.lllf-~1
EOR 20 IT~RATION. THERE A.' 5 'TATI~N' ~nT CLOSEn
1. Q02f:-OZ l.l0~E-nl I.Qr9~-OI 3.008E-OI
6 IT~RATION, T~ERE ARE ,q ~TATlnNS NOT CLOSEO
fOR 21 ITERATION, T~ERE AOf 0 ~TAT!n~. NOT CLOSEO
~.511~-01 1.1R.E-ot '.QA~E-Ol 3.01IE_nl
1.002E-02 1,lq~r-O\ 1.9r9>.-01 3,OOBf-nl
TTERAT10N. T~ERE APr ,q ~TATI"N~ ~"T CLn5EO • U~EU AD lUSH.!) LOAD-OrFL CII1"IVf Tn CA' C"LAT[ n~ELEcTIO~S •
fOR
9.664.-03 1,19,E-'\ 1,019E-OI 3.00Af'~1
EO~ TTERATION, THEQE APE ~Q ~TAT!nN' NOT CLOSEn
 n.

fOR
1.iQn.lft')3 ~.

n.
_~.o4~~_03 1.All~.n'
2.~n~~-Ol _j.11~~."5 ~.
ST> J DIST _4.'7~r_03 1.o4~~.~,
O. .i.A~~f-nA .1.948[·03
_4.;7;'_03 3.e~5~-in
n. n.
o. o. 31

4~~OO£,OI '.014£*03 n.
<I.I>OOE.OI O.
1. .4q~J:'_05 "'1.6?Q,.nl
1. 3~.E-OJ 1.QC;H:*03 J • e
1. q~at:! ... 05 -3.4b4r.itl ITERATION. TMERE A~F ,9 ~TATI~N~ ~OT ~LOSEO
O. FOR
1.<l20E.02 2.nOE-03
l.928£-05 -5.540,.01 -1,518.-02 -2.3Q'F-OI -'.430F-01 -2,520f-OI
3.155£-03 _2.SS5~.03 O. 2 ITERATION. THERE ARE ~TATION~ ~OT CLOSED
FOR ?q
i.411£_05 -7.17e~.nl
2.8AOE.02 3.~36E-OJ _".O;.,,qE+03 O. .~,e3TE-OI -1.9q~E-ai -'.~5AE-OI -2.181f-i!
2.031£-06 -7.628r.ol FOR 3 ITERATION. T~EqE AQ, n ~TATI~N~ NOT CLoSED
7 3.~33E-03 O.
-I. USE_OS .. 6.~6fH:.f'l1 -Z.837f-02 -I.QA~E-Ol -,."SOF.-OI -2.187'-01
3.8ttOE.02 3.095E-03 O.
_4.l'7al':_05 6.572,,02 TI~E ~T. •• 2~

".320E.02 1.042£-03 1.<109£,04 o•

• 4. '5991':-01> T.112t. 02
4.800E.02 8.2ISt-04 S,"'!lE,04 O. STA J OIST
1.rlq:r:: ... 04 1,124~.ii2
II 5.713[_03 0,
8.1qq!".~?
12 l.<j23£_02
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This page replaces an intentionally blank page in the original --- CTR Library Digitization Team
 TIlE AUTIlORS

Jack Hsiao-Chieh Chan was a Research Engineer Assis-

tant with the Center for Highway Research, The University
of Texas at Austin. His experience includes work as a
teaching assistant in Taiwan and work as a highway engineer
with Howard, Needle, Tammon, and Bergendoff, Consulting
Engineers, Kansas City, Missouri. His research interest is
primarily in the area of discrete-element analysis in structural dynamics.

Hudson Matlock is a Professor of Civil Engineering at

The University of Texas at Austin. He has a broad base of
experience, including research at the Center for Highway
Research and as a consultant for other organizations such
as the Alaska Department of Highways, Shell Development
Company, Humble Oil and Refining Company, Penrod Drilling
Company, and Esso Production Research Company. He is the author of over 50
technical papers and 25 research reports and received the 1967 ASCE J. James
R. Croes Medal. His primary areas of interest in research include (1) soil-
structure interaction, (2) experimental mechanics, and (3) development of
computer methods for simulation of civil engineering problems.

229