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goggles
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fire extinguisher
fire blanket

apron

gloves
safety symbols

safety rules
graduated
cylinder

triple beam
balance
meniscus

data

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SI unit

conversion
(From Customary (U.S.) to
Metricor Metric to Customary)
volume

density
(Mass per unit Volume)
(Think about 12 oz. of Coke
vs 12 oz. of Diet Coke ±
which floated and which sank?)
Celsius

Kelvin (K)
SI unit of measure (1 of 7)
Absolute zero = -273,15°C
 Scientific
Method

experiment
constant or
controlled
variable
Never Changes Once Set or Established ± Example: Every 5 minutes

independent
variable
Scientist Changes then Observes
dependent
variable
Changes due to independent variable
changes; Observation necessary

observation
Involves all FIVE (5) Senses
inference
Educated ³guess´ based on
observation and prior knowledge

hypothesis
Explanation based on observation, Must be
testable; V


displacement
Calculation to find: Subtract smaller number
from the larger number; Difference isthe volume
of the object in the liquid

beaker
 solid
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liquid
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gas  

 

 
 
 metals

non-metals
metalloids

formula
words or symbols to be followed
(procedure)
ï=Mass/Volume
orD = M/V

luster
The glow of light from the surface of
a mineral, ability to shine
malleability
Ability to be shaped or formed, as by
hammering or pressure

conductivity
Ability to conduct heat quickly;
Allows an electric current to pass
through it
pure substance
Matter which is uniform (the same) and has afixed,
unique composition. Water is an exampleof a pure
substance because each water moleculealways
contains 2 atoms of hydrogen for 1 atom of oxygen ±
that¶s water in Texas, water in Mexico, and water in
Russia.

element
Simplest form of matter and cannot be
broken down using chemical methods
into two or more pure substances
compound
A material formed by the chemical combinationof
elements, Compounds CAN be broken down into two
or more pure substances, Water is an example (H2O)

chemical
symbol
molecule
A particle formed by the chemical bonding of two
or more atoms, smallest particle ofa chemical
compound that retains the chemical properties of
the compound

mass
measure of the amount of matter in
an object; measured in grams (g)
matter
Any substance which has mass and
occupies space, You are an example of
matter and YOU MATTER!

hardness
Measurement of how tightly the atoms of
a molecule are held together within it; How
resistanta mineral, metal, or other object is
toscratching, denting, or bending; See Moh¶s
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Hardness Scale   

 
 States of Matter

Actually there are six (6) states, with the above 3 being historically the most
common. The fourth state, PLASMA, is becoming more and more common.
Moh¶s Hardness Scale
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Physical Properties:
density luster
hardness color
malleability streak
cleavage elasticity
magnetic susceptibility
thermal conductivity
specific heat
melting& boiling point
Law of Conservation
of Matter
Law of Conservation
of Mass
Law of Conservation
of Energy
Energy Transformation
streak
The color of the powder left after a
mineral leaves after rubbing it on an
unglazed porcelain streak plate. Note
that this is not always the same color
as the original mineral.

color
Indicates the appearance of the mineral
in reflected light or transmitted light for
translucent minerals (i.e. what it looks
like to the naked eye). Iridescence - the
play of colors due to surface or internal
interference
luster
How shinny the mineral is;The quality and intensity of light that reflects from a
mineral; Categories are:
Metallic: shines like a polished metal, highly reflective

Non-metallic lusters:
Vitreous: shines like glass
Pearly:shines like a pearl
Resinous:shines like the surface was covered by oil or grease.
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Earth¶s Element
Composition
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cleavage
The way a mineral may split apart along various planes. In
thin sections, cleavage is visible as thin parallel lines across a mineraljc
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