Post task - Final activity

Individual work

Lorena Rosero

Group 9

1.033.746.851

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería

Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas

2020 16-01
 Introduction

In this document we will give a solution to a variety of exercises related to the topics seen in
this course. The main idea is to solve each item step by step, therefore, we can follow up the
solution checking every concept.

Application exercises:

For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the group
number and CCC to the first 3 digits of the identification number.
1. An electromagnetic wave of f =103 MHz is transmitted from the bottom of a ship
to a receiver located at p=1 Km depth. The wave is emitted with an advance
angle of a=(5+ 99)° . Determine the time it takes for the wave to reach the
receiver.
For development, follow the following steps:
a. Calculate the tangent of losses tan(δ).

σ σ
tan ( δ )= =
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o

1.00 ×10−4
tan ( δ )= =8.72578
2 π ×103 MHz × 80 ×8.8542 x 10−12 C2 / N m 2

δ =tan−1 ( 8.72578 )
δ =83.46
 b. Classify the behavior of the medium.
δ =83.46

Dissipative Dielectrics (Dielectrics with losses)

c. Calculate the propagation parameters of the wave γ , α and β .

¿ √ jωμ(σ + j ωε)
w=2 π (103 MHz)
w=647168086.6

σ =1.00 ×10−4

μ0=1.25566× 10−6
ε r=80

¿ √ j∗2 π∗103× 106∗1∗1.25566 ×10−6 (¿1+ j∗2 π∗103 ×106∗80∗8.85 ×10−12 )=16.16+25.19 j ¿

¿ ℜ¿)

¿ 16.16

¿ ℑ()

¿ 25.19

d. Calculate the propagation speed of the V p wave.

 2 π∗103 × 106 6
vp = =25.69× 10
25.19

e. Calculate the distance between the ship and the receiver d .

We can do pythagoras theorem

1 Km
cos 104 ° =
H
1 000
H= =−4.13
cos 104 °
x
sen ( 104 ° )=
−4.13
x=sen ( 104 ° )∗−4.13
x=−4.00

f. Based on V p and d determine the time t of the route.

x=t × v

x
t=
v

−4.00
t= =¿
25.69× 106
 Figure 1: wave propagation in open media.

Image recovered from https://www.ee.co.za/article/new-economics-marine-environmental-

monitoring.html

2. From an airplane, which is 1250 m high, a communication signal f =1 03 MHz is

emitted to a submarine that is 800 m deep, the angle of incidence of the signal on
the sea surface is a=(5+ 99)° . Determine the time it takes for the signal to reach
the submarine.

Figure 2: wave propagation in bounded open media.

Image recovered from https://byjus.com/physics/
characteristics-of-sound-wavesamplitude/

For development, follow the following steps:

a. Calculate the distance between the plane and the point of incidence at sea d 1.
 1250
sen 104 °=
AC
1250
d 1= =1288.26 m
sen 104 °

b. Calculate the velocity of propagation of the wave V p 1 in the air (V p=Co /n)

2.997 ×10 8 8
V p= =2.997× 10
1
Air refraction index: 1

c. Using Snell's Law, calculate the angle of refraction of the wave in the sea.

n1 =1→ air refraxion index

θ1=14 °

n2 =1.33→ water refraxion index

n1 sin 104=¿ n2 sen θ2 ¿

1∗sin 14
=0.24
1

d. Calculate the distance between the point of incidence in the sea and the
submarine.
 θ2=24 °

h 2=800 m
800
cos 24 ° =
d2
800
d 2= =875.70
cos 24 °

e. Calculate the propagation speed of the wave V p 2 at sea (it is V pfrom exercise
1).
2 π∗103 × 106 6
vp = =25.69× 10
25.19

f. Based on V p 1 and d 1 determine the time t 1of the first path (t 1=d 1 /V p 1).
1288.26 m
t 1= =50.146 μs
25.69× 106
g. Based on V p 2 and d 2 determine the time t 2of the second path.
875.70
t 2= =34.08 μs
25.69× 106

h. Calculate the total time of the route t=t 1+ t 2.

t=50.146 μs+34.08 μs=84.226 μs

3. A lossless transmission line has a characteristic impedance of Z 0=75 Ω, a length

of L=5 m and is excited by a signal of f =500 MHz. The line is connected to an
antenna with load impedance Z L =( 45+ j 45)Ω. Taking into account that
V p=3 x 107 m/s, calculate:

a. Wavelength λ .

vp
λ=
f

3 ×107 −3
λ= =60 ×10
500 MHz
b. Electrical length l .

L
l=
λ
5
l= =83.33
60 ×10−3

c. Input impedance Z¿ .
Z l + j Z 0 tan(2 π l)
Z¿ =Z 0
Z 0 + j Z 0 tan (2 π l)

(45+ j 45) Ω+ j(75 Ω)tan (2 π × 83.33)

Z¿ =75 Ω
75 Ω+ j(75 Ω)tan(2 π × 83.33)
Z¿ =49.04−2.22i

d. Reflection coefficient Γ (magnitude and phase).

 ( 45+ j 45 ) Ω−75 Ω
Γ= =−0.1+0.41 i
( 45+ j 45 ) Ω+75 Ω
e. VSWR

1+|−0.1+0.41 i|
VSWR= =11.5
1−|−0.1+0.41 i|

f. Check the results c, d and e with the Smith 4.1 software.

g. Using the Smith 4.1 software, get an input impedance that is only real.

Figure 3: Transmission line.

Conclusions

Conclusion 1: The tangent of losses can give us the main characteristics of how an
electromagnetic wave can be, also, we might know how to calculate other parameters
in base on this one.

Conclusion 2: The behavior of electromagnetics waves is different depending of what

medium is going through, this is why we must know that there is different index that
we can use depending in the case.

Bibliography

Bibliography 1: