RNP RNAV

A GLOBAL NAVIGATION CONCEPT

ACCURACY INTEGRITY

RNP

TY
CONTINUI AVAILABILITY
 ICAO RNP Concept (Airspace)

RNP is based on the navigation performance accuracy

required of the population of aircraft using the airspace

•State responsible for RNP airspace must define the

requirements and ensure that adequate CNS services
are available within the airspace to provide safe separation
•Aircraft must be approved by State of Registry as being
able to meet the RNP
 Path Definition Error

Desired Path

Defined Path

Path Steering Error

Estimated Position
TotalSystem Error Position Estimation Error

True Position
 Aviation RNP RNAV Concept Na

RNP RNAV is referenced to the aircraft Defined Path

ICAO RNP is referenced to the airspace Desired Path

Containment Limit 99.999%

SC-181/ RNP 95% RNP 95%

WG-13 ICAO
Actual Actual
Defined
Path Path
Path
Desired RNAV
Desired Path Path
Path

RNP RNP

Containment Limit
 Aviation RNP RNAV Concept

Containment Limit 99.999% 2 x RNP

Referenced to aircraft &
defined path
RNP 95%
RNP capability 99.99%
(Containment Continuity)

Defined
Path
Referenced to defined path,
RNP based upon position estimation
error, path definition error and
flight technical error, detected
and undetected faults
Containment Limit
 Aviation RNP RNAV Concept
Path Definition Errors must still be considered
Associated Path Definition Errors
Path Terminators Earth Magnetic Coordinate Radius Course
Model Variation Resolution Resolution Resolution
Track to a Fix (TF)
POPP PLMX
Direct to a Fix (DF)
PLMX

Fix to an Altitude (FA)

POPP
Course to a Fix (CF)
PLMX

Constant Radius
to a Fix (RF)

PLMX
Holding (HX)

POPP
 RNP Capable Aircraft
Example of Flight Technical Error Components
1.2

1
LNAV with Autopilot
0.8 Engaged
LNAV with Flight
0.6
Director
0.4 Manual Control with
Map Display
0.2
* Industry standard
0 values.
* * * *
7

7
7

7
76

76
73

74

77

73

74

77
7/

7/
75

75

Enroute Terminal/Approach
 En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP 1 En-route Navigation

2 NM Secondary Area

RNP RNAV System Containment = 1 NM

RNP = 1.0 NM
4 NM Primary Area

2 NM Secondary Area

Fix Tolerance Area = RNP Value Semi-Width = 2xRNP+2 NM = 4 NM

Total Width = 4xRNP+4 NM = 8 NM
 En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP En-route Obstacle Clearance - Fly-by Turn

ATT(=RNP)
Wind Spiral
c

E s
E1 A

E2 A/2 30 °

s = start of nominal turn Constant width

r = radius of turn (A/W) associated
c = 10 sec (en-route pilot reaction time) with RNP value
 En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
Controlled Turn
RNP + 1 NM
RNP + 1 NM J
s
P K
L

Y/2
Y
O R

I M
r = Os = 15 NM at/below FL190
= 22.5 NM at/above FL200
x = RNP
LK = 1.414 (RNP+1 NM)
OK = r + LK
 Eurocontrol RNAV Standard
System Functional Performance - Minimum Requirements
Function B-RNAV P-RNAV RNP5 RNP 1
RNAV RNAV
95% containment 5 NM 1 NM 5 NM 1 NM
System integrity -5 -5
- - 10 10
(per Flight Hour)
Continuity of Function -4 -5 -5 -5
2 10 10 10 10
(failure per flight Hour)
Cross Track Deviation
R R R R
Display or Output
AFCS Output O R R R
Waypoint sequencing R R R R
En-route Fly-over
P P P P
turn anticipation
En-route Fly-by turn
R R R R
anticipation
En-route fixed radius turn O O O R
TMA Fly-over
R R O O
turn execution
TMA Fly-by turn anticipation O R R R
TMA defined radius turn O O R R
Parallel offsets O R R R
Entry and recoveryt from
O R R R
offsets
“Direct to” function R R R R
Holding procedure (RNP) O O R R
Holding procedure
O O O O
(conventional)
Display bearing distance
R R R R
and time to waypoints
Performance monitoring O O R R
Sensor monitoring R R R R
Alert outputs
Equipment failure R R R R
Mode reversion O O R R
 RNP HOLDING PATTERN DEFINITION

95% RNP Containment area

d1 d3

d4 d2 ?
Hold Waypoint
Inbound track to the holding fix
d3 = RNP
2
(V + Vw )
d2 = K
tanθ Maximum Indicated Airspeed
d1 > d2 Maximum Altitude
 En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP En-Route Obstacle Clearance - RNP 1

Buffer Area =
greater of:
X+2 NM or 5 NM
d3=RNP=X
1.414X
d1

d4 ~20 NM
d2

~32 NM

Example for hold at 14000ft, max bank angle of 23 degrees, 230 knots airspeed
 Entry Sectors
T

[C1] [C2]

70
°
A

1 4

[C1] [C2]

A
2 3
 Holding Entries

[C1] [C2] [C2]

[C1]
70°
70°

A
A

Sector 1 Entry
Sector 3 Entry

Sector 2 Entry

[C1]
[C1] [C2]
70°
70°

A
A

Sector 4 Entry
Sector 2 Entry
En-Route Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP vs RNAV Hold Protection RNP Protection

RNAV Hold
Entry Protection

RNAV Hold
Basic Area
 Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Arrival Segment

Beginning of the arrival route

30o
2xM + 2 NM
Width of the “en-route”

Width of the initial

protection area

approach area
2xN + 1 NM

RNP “M” 25 NM RNP “N” IAF

Length of the arrival segment greater than

or equal to 25 NM
 Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Arrival Segment

Beginning of the arrival route

30o
2xM + 2 NM

Width of the initial

approach area
2xN + 1 NM

25 NM
RNP “M” RNP “N” IAF

Length of the arrival segment

less than 25 NM
 Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Turn at Fly-by way-point
Fly-By
RNP way-point

c
wind
2xRNP + B spiral
track XXX° S
Primary Area A
Secondary Area

tra
ck
A/2

YY
Y°
30
o
B = 1 NM, initial/intermediate approach Constant Width
0.5 NM, final/missed approach (2A/W)
Associated with
RNP
 Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point
RNP Fly-Over
way-point
c
wind
spiral
2xRNP + B
track XXX° TP
Primary Area A
A/2
Secondary Area

tra
ck
YY
Y°
B = 1 NM, initial/intermediate approach Constant Width
0.5 NM, final/missed approach (2A/W)
Associated with
RNP
 Approach Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point

2xRNP + B
J
Primary Area P s
K
Secondary Area L

Y/2
Y
O R
2
(V + Vw )
r =K M
tanθ

LK = 1.414 (RNP + B/2)

OK = r + LK
B = 1 NM, initial/intermediate approach
0.5 NM, final/missed approach
 Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Straight Departure
First way-point located in constant width RNP area

Limit of the RNAV

departure area
.5NM
2xRNP + 0
Constant width
(2A/W)
DER o
15°+α track XXX associated with RNP
α Primary area
15o
Secondary area

± 150 m α

1.9 NM
 Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Straight Departure
First way-point located prior to constant width RNP area

Limit of the RNAV

departure area

NM Constant width
2xRNP + 0.5
(2A/W)
DER o associated with RNP
15°+α track XXX
Primary First way-point

15° area

Secondary area
± 150 m α

1.9 NM
 Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Turn at Fly-by way-point
Fly-By
RNP way-point

K c
wind
spiral
15°
track XXX° S
15oPrimary Area
A
Secondary Area
K'

tra
± 150 m

ck
A/2

YY
Y°
2x

30
RN

o
P+
0.5
NM
Constant Width
(2A/W)
Associated with
RNP
 Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point
RNP Fly-Over
way-point
dr
K c
wind
spiral
15o
track XXX° TP
A
15oPrimary Area
A/2
Secondary Area
K'
± 150 m

tra
2x

ck
RN

YY
P+

Y°
0.5
NM
Constant Width
(2A/W)
Associated with
RNP
 Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Turn at an altitude

Latest TP wind
± 150 m dr
c spiral

15o
track XXX° TP
15o
Primary Area
600m Secondary Area
15 o

Obstacles in this area

2xR
must be considered twice:

NP
1) in the straight segment, use of

+0
reduced margins associated with

.5 N
secondary area; Sec
ond
2) in the turns, use of full

M
a ry A
margins associated with turns rea
 Departure Criteria - ICAO PANS-OPS
RNP Obstacle Clearance - Fly-Over way-point

Secondary Area
Constant Width
(2A/W) Primary Area J
Associated with s
2xRNP + 0.5 NM P K
RNP
L

Y/2
Y
O R

M
2
(V + Vw )
r =K
tanθ

LK = 1.414 (RNP + 0.25 NM)

OK = r + LK
 RNP Capable Aircraft

Example of Minimum Demonstrated RNPs

2
1.8
1.6
1.4 LNAV with Autopilot
Engaged
1.2
LNAV with Flight
1
Director
0.8
Manual Control with
0.6 Map Display
0.4
0.2
0
7

7
7

7
73

74

77

73

74

77
76

76
7/

7/
75

75

GPS non-GPS
 Vertical RNP Concept

True Position
Defined Path

Estimated Position Altimetry Error

Desired Path FTE Total
System Error

Path Definition Error

 RNP RNAV

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