CLINICAL CHEMISTRY RESULT

January 17, 2011

Routine Test Reference Range Result Interpretation and Analysis

Creatinine 63.60-110.50umol/L 99.7 umol/L NORMAL

Electrolytes Reference Range Result Interpretation and Analysis

Sodium 135-148 mmol/L 139.2 NORMAL
Potassium 3.50-5.30 mmol/L 3.96 NORMAL

Other Test Reference Range Result Interpretation and Analysis

CBG 70-110 mg/dL 126 mg/dL High; *Indicates Diabetes.
Having too much sugar in the blood
for long periods of time can cause
serious health problems if it's not
treated. Hyperglycemia can cause
damage to the vessels that supply
blood to vital organs, which can
increase the risk of heart disease
and stroke, kidney disease, vision
problems, and nerve problems in
people with diabetes.

Procedure Reference Range Result Interpretation and Analysis

RBC count 5.5-6.5 x102/L 4.94 x102/L Low; it referred to as anemia and can be
a result of blood loss, active bleeding,
bone marrow disease or excessive red
blood cell breakdown that is seen in
some immune diseases and toxin
ingestion.
Hemoglobin 14-16 g/dL 15.40 g/dL NORMAL
Hematocrit .42-.52 L/L .45 NORMAL
MCV 82-92 fl 91.1 fl NORMAL
MCH 27-33 pg 31.2 pg NORMAL
MCHC 32-38% 34.2% NORMAL
Platelet count 160-380 x109/L 236 x109/L NORMAL
WBC Count 5-10 x109/L 8.04 x109/L NORMAL

Differential Count Reference Range Result Interpretation and Analysis

Segmenters 0.55-0.65 0.46 Low; makes an individual highly
susceptible to infections.
Lymphocytes 0.25-0.35 0.40 High; Elevated levels may indicate an
active viral infections
Monocyte 0.02-0.06 0.07 High; May be raised in bacterial
 infection,
Eosinophils 0.03-0.05 0.07 High; Elevated levels may indicate an
allergic reactions or parasites.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY RESULT

January 18, 2011

Routine Test Reference Range Result Interpretation and Analysis

Glucose (FBS) 3.90-6.0 mmol/L 5.97 mmol/L NORMAL

Lipid Profile Reference Range Result Interpretation and Analysis

Total cholesterol 0.00-5.17 mmol/L 7.11 mmol/L High; Patient’s total cholesterol
exceeded the normal value which may
cause fatty build up if not burned.

High cholesterol is a major risk factor for

developing atherosclerosis, or hardening
of the arteries which lead to stroke.

Trigylcerides 0.00-1.69 mmol/L .55 mmol/L NORMAL

HDL 40.15-59.84 mg/dL 40.93 mg/dL NORMAL
LDL 96-153 mg/dL 223.59 mg/dL High; too much LDL can cause the plaque
formation and resulted to stroke.

VLDL 0-30.73 mg/dL 10.00 mg/dL NORMAL

DIFFUSION WEIGHT MRI OF THE BRAIN

January 17, 2011

Pertinent Findings:

 An area of restricted diffusion and T2 prolongation is seen in the right corona radiate, likely a recent infarct

 There is a T1 hypointense and a T2 hyperintense signal in the left corona radiate, probably a chronic infarct

 No midline shift or hydrocephalus seen

 Ventricles, cisterns and sulci are unremarkable

 Punctate T2 hyperintensities are noted in the sub-cortical white matter

 Incidental findings of mucosal thickening of the ethmoids and left maxillary sinuses likely inflammatory in
nature.

IMPRESSION:

 Acute infarction, right corona radiate

 Left corona radiate old infarct as described
 Chronic ischemic changes

URINALYSIS
January 18, 2011

Routine Test Reference Range Result Interpretation and Analysis

Color Straw - Dark yellow Yellow NORMAL
Appearance Clear – Hazy Hazy NORMAL
Specific Gravity 1.003-1.029 1.028 NORMAL
pH 4.5-7.8 6.0 NORMAL
Protein Negative Negative NORMAL
Glucose Negative Negative NORMAL
Ketones Negative Negative NORMAL
Bilirubin Negative Negative NORMAL
Nitrite Negative Negative NORMAL
WBCs 0-4/hpf 0-1/hpf NORMAL

RBCs 0-3/hpf 0-1/hpf NORMAL

Casts 0-4/lpf none NORMAL

 Drug Name Dosage Classification/ Indications Contraindications and Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action Cautions

Generic: 2 gms TIV q Other CNS Drugs Cerebrovascular Parasympathetic Stomach pain, Somazine must not be
CITICOLINE 12 hrs & Agents for disorders including hypertonia diarrhea; hypotension, administered along with
ADHD ischemic stroke, tachycardia, medicaments containing
Brand: parkinsonism & head bradycardia meclophenoxate
CHOLINERV To minimize the injury.
attack of sroke Watch out for
hypotensive effects
Citicoline is a
complex organic
molecule that
functions as an
intermediate in
the biosynthesis
of cell membrane
phospholipids. It
is also known as
CDP-choline or
cytidine
diphosphate
choline (cytidine
5'-
diphosphocholine
). CDP-choline
belongs to the
group of
biomolecules in
living systems
known as
nucleotides that
play important
roles in cellular
metabolism.
 Drug Name Dosage Classification/ Indications Contraindications and Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action Cautions

Generic: 20 mg/tab 1 Antacids, Treatment of Chronic hepatic Headache, abdominal List reasons for therapy,
OMEPRAZOLE tab OD pre Antireflux Agents heartburn & other disease. pain, diarrhea N&V, frequency and
breakfast & Antiulcerants  symptoms associated URTI, rash characteristics of S&S
Brand: w/ GERD. Erosive
Omepron Promotion of esophagitis, gastric CNS: anxiety Record abdominal
ulcer healing hypersecretory disorders, vertigo, assessments,
condition, Zollinger- insomnia, nervousness radiographic/endoscopic
Relief of pain Ellison syndrome, findings
systemic HEPATIC: overt liver
Lower gastric acid mastocytosis, disease cholestatic Monitor CBC
production multiple endocrine
adenoma & peptic CV: angina,
ulcer. tachycardia,
Omeprazole bradycardia,
suppresses gastric palpitation, peripheral
acid secretion by edema, elevated BP
specific inhibition
of the enzyme
system
hydrogen/potassi
um adenosine
triphosphatase
(H+/K+ ATPase)
present on the
secretory surface
of the gastric
parietal cell.
 Drug Name Dosage Classification/ Indications Contraindications and Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action Cautions

Generic: 80 mg, 1 tab Anticoagulants, Aspilet Suspected Asthma, rhinitis & Fever, hypothermia, For pain, rate and
ASPIRIN OD Antiplatelets & acute MI; Aspilet/EC nasal polyps. History thirst. Dysrythmias, determine the type,
Fibrinolytics Prophylactic of active peptic ulcer hypotension, location, and pattern of
Brand: (Thrombolytics)  treatment of disease. tachycardia. Agitation, pain, if unusual, or if
ASPILET thromboembolic Hypersensitivity. cerebral edema, recurring
There will be a disorders, MI, coma, confusion,
relief of transient ischemic dizziness, headache, Determine history of
pain/discomfort attacks & stroke. For subdural or peptic ulcers or bleeding
to the patient the secondary intracranial tedency
prevention of CV hemorrhage, lethargy,
There will be a disease in DM seizures. Dehydration,
decrease fever patients esp those w/ hyperkalemia,
and vascular history of MI, metabolic acidosis,
mortality vascular bypass resp alkalosis,
procedure, stroke or dyspepsia, GI
transient ischemic bleeding, ulceration &
Aspirin is an attack & angina & perforation, nausea,
analgesic, anti- those w/ additional vomiting, transient
inflammatory and risk factors: HTN, hepatic enzyme
antipyretic. It smoking, elevations, hepatitis.
inhibits dyslipidemia & family
cyclooxygenase, history of CV disease.
which is Revascularization
responsible for procedures.
the synthesis of Pregnancy-induced
prostaglandin and HTN.
thromboxane. It
also inhibits
platelet
aggregation.
 Drug Name Dosage Classification/ Indications Contraindications and Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action Cautions

Generic: 30 cc OD Laxatives, Constipation Low galactose diet & Abdominal discomfort Do not administer if
Lactulose Purgatives  intestinal obstruction associated w/ patient has already pass
flatulence or cramps. out stool especially if
Brand: metabolism of Prolonged use or large stool is liquid
Lilac lactulose by doses may result in
bacteria results in diarrhea w/ excessive
reduced colonic loss of water &
pH which electrolytes
stimulates
peristalsis and
decreases stool
transit time. In
turn, decreased
water
reabsorption from
the feces further
facilitates the
passage of soft
well-formed
stools. And
increased osmotic
pressure of fecal
material
secondary to an
increase in
colonic organic
acids results in
accumulation of
fluid from
surrounding
tissues, helping to
soften stool mass.
 Drug Name Dosage Classification/ Indications Contraindications and Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action Cautions

Generic: 40 mg/tab, 1 Dyslipidaemic Adjunct to diet for Hypersensitivity to Headache, flatulence, Assessment
atorvastatin tab OD Agents  the reduction of atorvastatin or any diarrhoea, nausea, Prior to administration:
elevated total and component; active vomiting, anorexia, • Obtain complete
Brand: Inhibits HMG-CoA LDL cholesterol, liver disease; xerostomia, health history including
lipitor reductase, the apolipoprotein B, and unexplained angioedema, myalgia, allergies.
enzyme that triglyceride levels in persistent elevations rash/pruritus, • Assess baseline liver
catalyzes the first patients with of serum alopecia, allergy, function tests, lipid
step in the hypercholesterolemi transaminases; infection, chest pain. studies, and pregnancy
cholesterol a (Type IIA, IIB, and pregnancy Potentially Fatal: test in women of
synthesis IIC); adjunctive Thrombocytopenia. child bearing age
pathway, therapy to diet for Rhabdomyolysis with • Assess for history of
resulting in a treatment of acute renal failure. liver disease, muscle
decrease in serum elevated serum disease
cholesterol, triglyceride levels • Obtain patient’s drug
serum LDLs (Type IV); history including
(associated with use of over the counter
increased risk of medications that
CAD), and might effect liver
increase serum function or have
HDLs (associated interactions and assess
with decreased allergies
risk of CAD);
Increases hepatic
LDL recapture
sites, enhances
reuptake and
catabolism of LDL;
lowers
triglyceride levels.