P R OT E C T I O N

OPTIMHO
Distance Protection
LFZP 111, 112, 121 & 122

Optimho is an extremely reliable and

dependable distance relay, time-served over
many relay-years in installations worldwide.
It offers excellent protection, without requiring
a multitude of settings.

The range of applications includes:

– main and back-up protection of overhead

lines including transformer feeders.

Figure 1 – protection of solid or resistance earthed

Typical L-Series Relay systems.

– three-pole or single-and-three-pole tripping,

with or without the aid of a signalling
channel.

– on-site replacement of obsolescent

electro-mechanical or switched static
distance relays.

FEATURES

> Phase and ground distance or phase distance protection.

> Optional directional earth fault protection.

> Typical operating time: one cycle for three phase faults.

> Optional fault location includes mutual compensation on selected

models.
Customer Benefits
• Mho distance protection > Optional data recording for post fault analysis and instrumentation
in a simple device functions
• Remote interrogation
reduces need for site > Eight independent groups of settings can be stored in the relay.
visits
• Accurate fault > Provision for remote communications via modems.
information provides for
in-depth fault analysis
• Self diagnosis reduces
maintenance costs.

AREVA T&D
 Summary Chart
Transmission and Sub transmission
sub transmission and distribution
main protection main protection
LFZP Model 111 112 121 122
Phase distance
Ground distance
DEF
Fault location with mutual compenstion
No. of distance elements 18 18 12 12
Indepenent zones Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
Z2 Z2
Z3 Z3 Z3 Z3
Reach stepped zones Z1X Z1X Z1X Z1X
Z1Y Z1Y Z1Y Z1Y
Z2 Z2
Reversible zones
Single pole tripping
VT supervision
Power swing blocking
Loss of load trip feature
No. of output contacts 24 24 16 16
Basic
Z1 Extension
Acceleration
PUR
PUR Unblock
Schemes POR2
POR2 WI Trip Unblock
Blocking
Blocking 2
Z1, Z1X, Z1Y Z2 Phase m m m m
Distance Z1, Z1X, Z1Y Z2 Ground q/m m q/m m
Characteristic Z3 Phase L L N N
Z3 Ground Q/L L D/N N
Negative sequence volts
DEF Zero seq current
polarising Zero seq volts
Zero seq volts+current
= standard = optional, m = shaped mho, q = quadrilateral, D = offset
quadrilateral, N = offset lenticular, Q = D/rev q, L = N/rev m
Note :
From 04/2005 the LFZP111 with both DEF and fault locator fitted has become the standard Optimho model.
This standardised model fulfils all application requirements, and ensures competitive pricing.
Full manufacturing capability for this superset model continues.

2>3
Fast, simple, distance protection
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION SETTINGS

All models of Optimho are full scheme distance relays The available options depend upon the model of
which have a full set of measuring elements for each Optimho, but usually include:
main zone of protection.
> scheme type
Full scheme distance relays are better able to cope
with inter-circuit faults on double circuit > which distance zones are enabled (up to 5 zones)
lines and evolving faults.

> direction of reach-stepped zones or of Zone 3

The measuring element uses a micro-controller to
produce a direct software equivalent of the hardware
phase comparator used in Optimho’s forerunners,
Micromho and Quadramho.
HARDWARE STRUCTURE
All models are built up from a small range of standard
printed circuit boards used as modular building blocks.
A vertical aspect, panel mounted version can be used
for replacing obsolescent electromechanical distance
relays in narrow panels, with the minimum of panel
disturbance.
INTEGRAL USER INTERFACE
All relay settings and records are accessible from the
integral user interface shown in Figure 2.
(if fitted)
> eight independent groups of settings which are
stored in the relay memory and are selectable from
the menu.
SCHEMES AVAILABLE
Models offering selectable, permissive overreach and
unblocking schemes are complete with current reversal
guard logic and open breaker echo logic.
Models having independent Zone 1, Zone 2 and Zone
3 have additional permissive overreach and unblocking
schemes with weak infeed logic, also the blocking
scheme. These schemes require Zone 3 to be set
reverse looking.
Loss of load accelerated tripping is available for use
with 3 pole tripping.

The liquid crystal display (LCD) indicates how the relay

initiated the latest trip. The faulty phase and zone are
indicated for trips initiated by the distance elements. Fully screened
The latest alarm condition is also indicated. power supply Terminal block Analogue
unit enclosure input module
Terminal blocks

Measurement
and control
boards in fully
screened
compartment

Output auxiliary
relays and
status input
optical isolators User interface
on hinged front panel

Figure 2 Mechanical layout of LFZP

 X

Numbers are source impedance/relay setting ratios

0 1 6 12

24 60
R

Figure 3 Resistive expansion of partially cross-polarized mho under fault conditions for solidly grounded systems

DISTANCE CHARACTERISTICS
X

CHARACTERISTIC DESCRIPTION TYPE Zone 3

h
h

istive reac
tive reac
> Partially cross polarised shaped mho. Expansion Zone 2

LH Resis
under fault conditions is more than adequate to

RH Res
cover arc and tower footing resistance for most sys- Zone 1

tems, with excellent phase selection. See Figure 3. Directiona

l line
R
Zones 1
> Quadrilateral with adaptive reactance measurement Zone 3 reverse &2
to avoid overreach or underreach for resistive faults
with prefault load. The directional measurement is
partially cross polarised. The quadrilateral is used
instead of type m above to cover ground fault resis-
tance on lines shorter than 15km or on systems with Figure 4 Quadrilateral ground fault characteristics
high ground resistivity. See Figure 4.

> Offset quadrilateral: as type q but with reverse reach X

for busbar back-up protection in Zone 3 time.

Zone 3

> Offset lenticular with a variable aspect ratio set to

avoid load encroachment on long lines. Aspect ratios a/b
See Figure 5. 1.00
a
0.67
0.41
b
REMOTE COMMUNICATIONS

All the options available on the menu are also available

from a local or remote terminal via an
Load
RS232C serial communication port. Sockets are area
provided on both the front and the rear of the relay for R

temporary or permanent connection respectively. The

Zone 3
socket on the rear can also interface with a modem for reverse
communication over a suitable link, for instance a
telephone line.

By using KITZ 103 interface unit, the Optimho can be

interfaced to a twisted wire pair known as K-Bus. The Figure 5 Lenticular Zone 3
K-Bus is connected through a second KITZ protocol
convertor either directly or via a modem to the RS232
port of the pc. The KITZ 103 and the LFZP act as a
single slave device over K-Bus, see Figure 6.

A choice of characteristic types, for fault

4>5
resistive coverage and load avoidance.
 When Fitted
KITZ101/102 Typical ‘K’ Typical ‘K’
Auxiliary + KBUS/IEC 60870 Interface series relay series relay
supply _
voltage 150R
Terminals Terminals
2 TX 2 1 54 54
3 RX
7 Signal GND
1 Protective GND Screen 56 56 Figure 6
Screen Link Typical application diagram :
All points are internally connected
KBUS/LFZP 100 (Optimho)
KITZ103 KBUS Interface Type KITZ 103
LFZP 100 (Optimho) Relay Auxiliary + LFZP 100 (Optimho)
supply _
Interface *
voltage 150R
(Rear Port)
2 TX 2 2 1
3 RX 3
7 Signal GND 7
1 Protective GND 1 Screen

IBM or compatible P.C. All points are internally connected

(For pin assignment
numbers see table) KITZ 103 LFZP 100 (OPTIMHO) rear serial port type
25 pin 'D' male connector (DTE) KITZ 103 25 pin 'D' male connector (DTE)
1 - Protective ground 1 - Protective ground
2 - Transmitted data 2 - Received data
Table showing connections between KITZ 103 serial 3 - Received data 3 - Transmitted data
port and LFZP 100 (OPTIMHO) rear serial port.
(For reference only. Please refer to PC user manual 7 - Signal ground 7 - Signal ground
where available). Connector shell to cable screen Connector shell to cable screen

DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT FAULT LOCATION,

PROTECTION FAULT DATA RECORDING AND
INSTRUMENTATION
(not available in all models)
Readout of the fault location can be selected to be in
The directional earth fault protection (DEF) has these kilometres, miles or percent of line length. The fault
features selectable via the user interface: location board also computes prefault and fault
voltages and currents phase-by-phase. These values,
> time delayed tripping, either definite time or inverse together with negative and zero sequence current and
definite minimum time using a selection of built-in voltage can be read out to allow analysis of the power
IEC or American curves. system network as it was at the time of fault. The
See Figure 7.
duration of the fault is also determined.

> aided tripping via permissive overreach, unblocking, At any time under healthy live line conditions, the line
or blocking schemes voltages, currents, watts and vars can be calculated on
demand.

100 100

50 50

Figure 7
DEF Protection time delay trip times
10 10
Operating Time t (seconds)

Operating Time t (seconds)

5 5
Curve 4

Curve 1 Curve 5
Curve 6
1 1 Curve 7

0.5 Curve 2 0.5

Curve 8

Curve 3

0.1 0.1
1 5 10 50 100 1 5 10 50 100
Current, Multiple of Setting value I Current, Multiple of Setting value I
IEC curves American curves
0.14
Curve 1 Standard inverse: t= Curve 5 US moderate inverse
I0.02 - 1
13.5 Curve 6 US standard inverse
Curve 2 Very inverse: t=
I-1 Curve 7 US very inverse
80
Curve 3 Extremely inverse: t= Curve 8 US extremely inverse
2
I-1
120
Curve 4 Longtime earth fault: t =
I-1
 Figure 8
0.04 0.04
Operating Source impedence Operating Source impedence
50Hz operating times
Time Relay setting = 30 Time Relay setting
=1 Maximum (MHO characteristic)
(s) 0.03 (s) 0.03

Maxim Mean
um
0.02 0.02
Mean
Minimum Minimum
0.01 0.01

0.00 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Fault location (% of relay setting) Fault location (% of relay setting)

Figure 9
0.04 0.04
Operating Source impedence Operating Source impedence 60Hz operating times
= 30 =1
Time Relay setting Time Relay setting (MHO characteristic)
(s) 0.03 (s) 0.03

Maximum
Maximum
0.02 0.02
Mean Mean
Minimum
0.01 0.01 Minimum

0.00 0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Fault location (% of relay setting) Fault location (% of relay setting)

SELF-MONITORING AND TECHNICAL DATA

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
FUSE/MCB SUPERVISION > DC Supply Vx(1):

Optimho has comprehensive continuous self- Nominal Operative Maximum

monitoring. If a failure occurs, an alarm is issued by range withstand
closing the relay inoperative alarm contact and
extinguishing the relay available LED. 48/54V 37.5 to 60V 64.8V
110/125V 87.5 to 137.5V 150V
The VT supervision logic can be set to block relay 220/250V 175 to 275V 300V
operation in the event of failure of a VT fuse.
> DC supply Vx(2):

For optically coupled isolators.

Supply options are the same as Vx(1).
External resistor box provided for 220/250V
Version
Figure 10
Board Description Board No.
Arrangement and outline 483.00 Ref
465.10 34.00 312.00 1 Opto isolator ZJ0133
Optimho Rack mounting 2 Output relay ZJ0140 003
3 Output relay ZJ0140 001
177.00 157.00 4 Output relay ZJ0140 002
(4U) 101.60
5 Assy fault locator module GJ0277 000
6 3 Zone gnd fault quad ZJ0132
37.70 10.00 7 See below
Hinged panel Front view Side view
8 Level detector ZJ0136
9 Directional earth fault ZJ0139
10 1 Zone offset lenticular ZJ0165
Fixing slot
10,6 long x 7 wide M4 earth connection 11 Processor ZJ0138
Power supply
12 AC input 2 ZJ0135
13 AC input 1 ZJ0134
1 2 3 4 5
6 12
7 2 Zone mho ph & gnd ZJ0130
7 T.B.
8 13 T.B. T.B. or 1 Zone mho reversible ZJ0146
9
10 or Zone 3 ph (2 channel) ZJ0129
11

Input/ Processing AC
25 way 'D'
Output input
connector 1 2 28 way max
Front view (panel removed) Rear view Each way accepting:-
2–M4 Ring terminals
or
1 14 2–4,8 x 0,8
Snap-on terminals
or
1– Ring+
13 25 27 28 1– Snap-on terminal

25 way 'D' connector detail Terminal block detail

Separate digital fault locator board for

cross-checking of protection operation
6>7
in post-fault analysis
DISTANCE REACHES INFORMATION REQUIRED
WITH ORDER
Reach setting method is by digitally controlled
analogue attenuators. Attenuation factors KZPh and • LFZP model required (standard model LFZP111
KZN operate on current signals and are common to all for orders after 04/2005)
zones. • Whether DEF required (fitted as standard from
04/2005)
Attenuation factors KZ1, KZ1X, KZ1Y, KZ2, KZ3 and • Whether fault location required (fitted as standard
KZ3’ from 04/2005)
operate on voltage signals and are specific to Zone 1,
• Nominal current rating In: 1A or 5A
Zone 1X, Zone 1Y, Zone 2, Zone 3 forward and Zone 3
• Frequency fn: 50Hz or 60Hz
reverse respectively. The positive sequence reach for
Zone 1 is given by: • Voltage of dc supply Vx(1):
• Voltage of dc supply Vx(2):
Zone 1 = KZ1. KZPh.5/In for overhead line models. • Mounting arrangements: rack, panel horizontal,
panel vertical, semi projection
Residual compensation factor: • Whether the block auto-reclose contact 96–1 is to
be a normally-open or normally-closed contact
KZN ZL0 – ZL1
= • Whether the signal send contact 85X-1 is to be
KZPh 3ZL1
a normally-open or normally closed contact
Where ZL0 and ZL1 are the phasor values of zero and (N.O. fitted as standard from 04/2005)
positive sequence impedance of the protected line.
• Whether the facility to change setting groups via
opto inputs is required.
Quadrilateral resistive reach settings:
Right hand reach = KR.5/In
Left-hand reach = KR.6/In (LFZP 111) Figure 11 Case connection diagram for relay inputs
Left-hand reach = KR.5/In (LFZP 121)
Direction of power flow for operation
A
P2 P1
Range of setting of Zone 3 lenticular aspect ratio: A
S2
B
a/b = 1.00, 0.67 or 0.41 C C
Phase rotation
B

A B C
MMLG
Test block or
Equivalent
N
POWER SWING BLOCKING 2A1 2A2
LFZP 111
19
2A3 2A4
20
2A5 2A6
21
2A7 2A8
22

Power swing detected by transit time of impedance 2A9 2A10

2A11 2A12
23
24
between Zone 6 and either Zone 2 or Zone 3 as a b c
2A21 2A22
2A23 2A24
25
26
selected. Zone 6 is offset mho or offset lenticular, with Fuses
or MCB
the same range of forward and reverse reach settings
and aspect ratios as Zone 3. 2B21 2B22
15
2B23 2B24
16
2B25 2B26
17
2B27 2B28
18
Zone 6 timer range: 20ms to 90ms in steps of 5ms 2A25 2A26
27
S2 S1 2A27 2A28
28
P2 P1
DEF current polarisation when required

OUTPUT CONTACTS
+ –
> Ratings:
2B13 2B14 2A13 2A14 A13 DC supply 14 2A16 2A15 2B16 2B15

CRX 2B9 2B10 17 19 74 76

• Make and carry 0.2s Signal receive
COX 2B7 2B8 13 15 70 72
Channel out of service
7500VA subject to a maxima RZ1X 2B1 2B2 1 3 58 60
Rest zone 1 extension

of 30A, 300V, ac or dc. CB AUX 2B5 2B6 9 11 66

Breaker open
68

MCB 2B11 2B12 78 80

• Carry continuously IPD 2B3 2B4 5 7 62
Relay blocked
64
Inhibit PSB, DEF, WI.
5A ac or dc. R1 21 23 82
Reset indications
84

• Break External resistor box

required for 220/250V
supply only
ac: 1250VA 2A17 2A 18 49
Signal send
51 2A 20 2A 19
2B17 2B18 77 79 2B20 2B 19
dc: 50W resistive Any Trip

25W L/R = 0.04s a Opto–isolator inputs when required:

Subject to a maxima of 5A and 300V
b CRX Open contact from signalling channel
c
COX Close contact from signalling channel
RZIX Open contact from auto–reclose relay
CBAUX Closed circuit breaker contacts connected
in series to indicate all poles open. Required
with busbar VT or if the weak infeed or echo
feature of POR scheme are required
MCB Closed contact from minature circuit breaker
required when no VT fuses are used
Alternative voltage
Fuses transformer connection RI Open contact to reset visual indications
or MCB for LFZP 131 & 132
15 IPD Open contact from auto–reclose relay
16
required with single phase tripping if PSB
17 or DEF options are used. Opto must be
18
energised during single pole dead times
For the unblocking mode of operation use CRX for
Test block LFZP
the unblock frequency (trip frequency) and RZIX
for the block frequency (guard frequency)

AREVA T&D Worldwide Contact Centre:
http://www.areva-td.com/contactcentre/
Tel.: +44 (0) 1785 250 070
www.areva-td.com
www.areva-td.com/protectionrelays
AREVA TRACK RECORD -
DISTANCE PROTECTION
>> Optimho universal mho and quadrilateral relays launched in 1989.
Over 11500 units delivered
>> P44x MiCOM series introduced in 1999.
Worldwide application with over 5600 units delivered.
MiCOM is a registered trademark of AREVA. All trade names or trademarks mentioned herein whether registered or not, are the property of their owners. - 389191982 RCS PARIS - Printed in France - SONOVISION-ITEP
AUTOMATION-L3-LFZP-BR-04.05-0927-GB - ©2005 AREVA - AREVA, the AREVA logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of AREVA.
Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the
design of our products may change at any time. Whilst every
effort is made to produce up to date literature, this brochure
should only be regarded as a guide and is intended for
information purposes only. Its contents do not constitute an offer
for sale or advise on the application of any product referred to in
it. We cannot be held responsible for any reliance on any
decisions taken on its contents without specific advice.