Software

Application and
Networks System
Used in Seagoing
Ships
 Computer Data Processing

Data
Data is a collection of facts & figures,
such as values or measurements.

The data is the raw material to be

processed by a computer.
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Data versus Information

Data Information
When data are
Subject Point Pass Subject
processed, interpreted,
organized, structured or A Yes
presented so as to make
them meaningful or
B Yes
useful, they are called
information
F No
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Differences in meaning
- The raw input is data and it
has no significance when it
exists in that form. When
data is collated or organized
into something meaningful, it
gains significance.
- This meaningful organization
is information.
Data Information
A collection of data which
conveys some meaningful
A collection of facts idea is information. It may
represented in the form provide answers to
of note, letters words questions like who, which,
when, why, what, and
how.
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Types of Data

Numeric Data Character Data

 Computer Data Processing

Numeric Data

 The data which is Binary Number 0, 1, 11, 1010, 10111

represented in the form
of numbers is known as
Numeric Data. Decimal Number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 … 115, 68
 This includes 0-9 digits, a
decimal point (.), +, /, – sign Hexadecimal
and the letters “E” or “D”. 1A, E3, F4, 25D
Number
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Character Data
Alphanumeric Data : a
 The data which is String Data to z & decimal
represented by any letter, numbers or space
number, space,
punctuation mark, or
symbol that can be typed
on a computer Graphic Data pictures, charts, maps
 Computer Data Processing

Six stages of the Data Processing Cycle

Data Processing Cycle Collection

Preparation
- Data processing is simply the
conversion of raw data to Input
meaningful
information through a process. Processing

- The data is processed again

Output
and again until the accurate
result is achieved.
Storage
 Computer Data Processing

Data Processing Cycle

Collection
is the first stage of the cycle, and is very
crucial, since the quality of data collected
will impact heavily on the output. The
collection process needs to ensure that the
data gathered are both defined and
accurate, so that subsequent decisions
based on the findings are valid.
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Data Processing Cycle

Preparation
is the manipulation of data into a form
suitable for further analysis and processing.
Raw data cannot be processed and must
be checked for accuracy. Preparation is
about constructing a data set from one or
more data sources to be used for further
exploration and processing.
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Data Processing Cycle

Input
is the task where verified data is coded or
converted into machine readable form so
that it can be processed through a
computer. Data entry is done through the
use of a keyboard, scanner, or data entry
from an existing source.
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Data Processing Cycle

Processing
Processing is when the data is subjected to
various means and methods of
manipulation, the point where a computer
program is being executed using Machine
Learning and Artificial Intelligence algorithms
to generate an output or interpretation
about the data.
 Computer Data Processing

Data Processing Cycle

Output
is the stage where processed information is
now transmitted and displayed to the user. It
can be in a form of text, graphics, audio
and video.
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Data Processing Cycle

Storage
is a location where data, instruction and
information are held for future use. RAM
and
Every computer uses storage to hold HDD
system software and application software.
A storage medium, also called
secondary storage is the physical material in
the computer that keeps data, instruction
and information.
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Types of Data Processing

MDP – Manual Data

Processing

EDP - Electronic Data

Processing
 Computer Data Processing

Types of Data Processing

MDP – Manual Data Processing

The process of data entry implies many

opportunities for errors, such as
Delays in data capture,
A high amount of operator misprints,
High labor costs from the amount of
manual labor required etc.
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Types of Data Processing

EDP – Electronic Data Processing

Use of computers for recording, manipulating,

and summarizing data Computer can help
with the:  Accuracy
 Speed
 Consistency
 Storage Capacity
 Automation
 Computer Data Processing

Data Processing Operations Calculating

Recording Summarizing and Reporting

Verifying Merging

Duplicating Storing

Classifying Retrieving

Sorting Feedback
 Computer Data Processing

Components involve in Data Processing

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Motherboard

Computer Memory (RAM and ROM) Hard Disk

Data bus Input Devices

Ports Output Devices

 Computer Data Processing

Components involve in Data Processing

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)

• Arithmetic operations – performing calculations, which include
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
• Comparison operations – comparing data items to determine if the
first item is greater than, equal to, or less than the other item
• Logical operations – working with conditions and logical
operators such as AND, OR, and NOT
 Computer Data Processing

Components involve in Data Processing

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Control Unit (CU)

• fetching the instruction or data item
from memory,
• decoding the instruction into commands the computer
understands
• executing the commands, and, if
necessary
• storing, or writing the result to memory
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Components involve in Data Processing

Computer Memory

RAM – Random Access Memory

is the hardware in a computing device where the operating system
(OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they
can be quickly reached by the device's processor. RAM is the main
memory in a computer, and it is much faster to read from and write to
than other kinds of storage.
When the computer is doing any job, the data that have to be
processed are stored in the primary memory.
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Components involve in Data Processing

Computer Memory

ROM – Read-Only Memory

The memory from which we can only read but cannot write on it. This
type of memory is non-volatile. The information is stored permanently
in such memories during manufacture. A ROM stores such instructions
that are required to start a computer.
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Components involve in Data Processing

Data Bus
A data bus is a system within a computer or device, consisting of a
connector or set of wires, that provides transportation for data. In
computer parlance, a data bus—also called a processor bus, front side
bus, frontside bus or backside bus—is a group of electrical wires that
sends information (data) between two or more components.
 Computer Data Processing

Components involve in Data Processing

Ports
A port is a physical docking point using which an external device can
be connected to the computer. It can also be programmatic docking
point through which information flows from a program to the
computer or over the Internet.
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Components involve in Data Processing

Motherboard
The motherboard is the main circuit board of your computer and is
also known as the mainboard or logic board. If you ever open your
computer, the biggest piece of silicon you see is the motherboard.
The motherboard is a printed circuit board and foundation of a
computer that is the biggest board in a computer chassis. It allocates
power and allows communication to and between the CPU, RAM, and
all other computer hardware components.
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Components involve in Data Processing

Input Devices
is a piece of hardware used to provide data to a computer
used for interaction and control. It allows input of raw data to
the computer for processing.
Computer Data Processing
 Computer Data Processing

Components involve in Data Processing

Output Devices
receive information from the computer, and carry data that
has been processed by the computer to the
user. Output devices provide data in myriad different forms,
some of which include audio, visual, and hard copy
media. The devices are usually used for display, projection, or
for physical reproduction. Monitors and printers are two of the
most commonly-known output devices used with a computer.
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