Sr. Jeanette M.

Formentera BSA-1 January 10, 2017

ASSIGNMENT # 1
A.Extemporaneous Speech
Extemporaneous, the most natural method of delivery, involves glancing at notes while
maintaining crucial eye contact with the audience.
 An extemporaneous speech is an impromptu speech that is given without any special
advance preparation and while it may have been previous planned, in a limited capacity, it
is delivered without the help of notes.
Extemporaneous Speeches
We learned that the impromptu speech can be tricky. Finding the right words without
advanced notice may not be for every speaker. No need to worry. The extemporaneous
speech is a perfect balance. This speech involves the speaker's use of notes and some
embellishment to deliver a speech. To clear this up, a speaker who uses this method would
have note cards or prompts that guide him from point to point, but he uses his own words
as he goes along. What makes this different than an impromptu speech is that he has a
loose guideline for his speech. He did not memorize anything; he just used cues to know
where to go next.
There are advantages and disadvantages to this type of speech:
For one, the audience will think you are a genius. You used few notes and appeared to know
everything about the topic. But this is not something that can be done quickly. The same fact
finding and research used for other types of speeches must be used here. The speaker also
must rehearse this speech for timing, rhythm and flow. Now, if shooting from the hip is not
your style, you may want to consider reading your speech.
B. Oral Report and Presentation
 Oral presentations are one of the most common assignments in college courses. Scholars,
professionals, and students in all fields desire to disseminate the new knowledge they
produce, and this is often accomplished by delivering oral presentations in class, at
conferences, in public lectures, or in company meetings.
Oral presentations typically involve three important steps:
1) planning, 2) practicing, and 3) presenting.
1.Planning - Oral presentations require a good deal of planning.
Make sure to address the following issues:
Audience:
 Focus your presentation on the audience.
 Organize your information into three to five points/categories.
 Build repetition. Listening is much different than reading.
Introduction:
 Introduce yourself if needed, providing your affiliation and/or credibility.
  Create an effective opening that will interest your audience: pose a question, give
an amazing fact, or tell a short, interesting story.
 Reveal your topic to the audience and explain why it is important for them to
learn about.
 Give a brief outline of the major points you will cover in your presentation.
Main Body:
 Explain your points. Give clear explanations.
 Use transitions between sections of your presentation
(introduction, body, and conclusion)
 Use analogies and stories to explain complicated ideas and to build repetition.
Conclusion:
 Signal your conclusion with a transition.
 Summarize your points.
 Refer to future action if needed.
 End with, “Thank You.”
 If answering questions, tell your audience, “I’ll now be happy to answer any
questions.”
2. Practicing -Practicing your presentation is essential.
 Record your presentation and review it
 Consider using different coloured highlighters .
 Practice in front of peers and elicit feedback.
 Remember that the more you practice, the more comfortable you will become
with the material.
3. Presenting - As the person in charge of the situation when presenting, it is your job to
make your audience feel comfortable and engaged with both you and the material of the
presentation.
a. Maintain eye contact. Only look at notes or slides very briefly
b. Be aware of your body posture.
c. Be enthusiastic about your topic.
d. Smile.
e. Slow down your speech.
f. Use gestures to emphasize points and move about the space if possible.
g. Calibrate the volume of your voice so that people in the back of the room can hear
you.
h. Avoid fillers, such as “Ah, uh, I mean, like, okay, um….”
i. Act as natural and relaxed as possible.
j. Dress appropriately.
k.Do not turn your back on the audience to look at the visual or block the visual with
your body.
l. Provide an orientation to the visual.
m. Highlight what you would like the audience to focus on,
n. Make your visuals readable and visually pleasing.
C. Panel Discussion
 A panel discussion is designed to provide an opportunity for a group to hear several
people knowledgeable about a specific issue or topic present information and discuss
personal views.
A panel discussion may help the audience further clarify and evaluate their positions
regarding specific issues or topics being discussed and increase their understanding of the
positions of others.
How to Proceed?
1. Identify, or help participants identify, an issue or topic that involves an important
conflict in values and/or interests.
2. Select panelists who are well informed about and have specific points of view
regarding the issue or topic.
3. Indicate to panelists the objectives the panel discussion is designed to promote and
allow-time for panel members to prepare for the discussion. In some situations ten
or fifteen minutes may be sufficient time for preparation.
4. Decide upon the format the panel discussion will follow. Various formats are
appropriate.
The following procedures have been used effectively:
a. The leader or moderator introduces the topic and the panelists present their views and
opinions regarding the issue or topic for a set amount of time.
b. The panelists discuss the issue or topic with each other by asking questions or reacting to
the views and opinions of other panel members. A specific amount of time should be
established.
c. The leader or moderator closes the discussion and provides a summary of panel
presentations and discussion.
d. The leader or moderator calls for a forum period during which the members of the class
may participate by addressing questions to various panel members or by voicing their
views and opinions. The forum period should be conducted by the panel leader or
moderator.
Principal Responsibilities of the Instructor
1. Identify, or help participants identify, issues or topics upon which to base a panel
discussion.
2. Insure that all panelists and the moderator are familiar with the procedures for
panel discussion in advance of the discussion itself so that they will be able to fulfill
the responsibilities of their roles.
3. Assist panelists and participants (when necessary) in preparation for the discussion
by directing them to various source materials, authorities in the field, etc.
4. Help participants understand the need for fair procedures in discussing an issue or
topic, e.g., the freedom to discuss an issue, the obligation to listen to other points of
view, the need for orderly, courteous discussion, etc.
D. Impromtu
 An impromptu speech is a speech that you have to make when you haven't prepared. In
life, this can happen when you attend special events, like weddings or celebrations. In
school, teachers use impromptu speeches as homework assignments to help you develop
communication skills and to help you prepare for those future life surprises.
An Impromptu or Unexpected Speech
Rarely will you be asked to stand and deliver a speech with no warning and no time to
organize your thoughts. This would be unusual in the classroom, unless the teacher is
attempting to make a point about the importance of preparedness.
Nonetheless, at some point in your life you may be asked to speak without notice.
There are a few things you can do to avoid panic and embarrassment:
1. Grab a pen and a piece of paper, whether it is a napkin, envelope, or the back of a
piece of paper you have on hand.
2. Feel free to acknowledge that you have not prepared for a speech. Do this in a
professional way! 
3. Jot down interesting or significant points about your topic, which will be related
in some way to the event you're attending.
4. If you have to choose one great moment, keep in mind that your ending line is
particularly important.
5. Remember you're in charge of this time. Your goal is to deliver a one-sided
conversation, off the cuff, so you are in complete control. Relax and make it your
own. 
6. Begin with your introductory sentence, elaborate, then start working your
way to your ending sentence. Fill in the middle space with as many points as you
can, elaborating on each one as you go. 
7. As you deliver your speech, concentrate on diction and tone. If you are thinking
about this, you are not thinking about the eyes watching you.
An impromptu speech is given with little or no preparation, usually about a topic that the
speaker knows well.
Advantages
Remember that you are generally in control of the content you are presenting, so you can
include topics that you want to talk about. Additionally, you can use personal examples
from experience to support what you are saying.
Disadvantages
Since you are not well-prepared, you may have difficulty thinking of what to say or
formulating the ideas once you get up to speak. Although you are familiar with the topic,
your speech may lack details and supporting information.
E. Interpretative Reading
 Interpretive or dramatic reading - Basically the reader is sharing an interpretation of an
authorwith an audience, literally read and not memorized.
 Selections include stories, essays, speeches, raps, plays and scenes of plays.
 The reader communicates meaning and emotions to the listener, relying only on the
spoken word through reading, without props, costumes, lighting or sound effects, or
other devices including digital presentations, or wandering about a stage
 The reader assumes the identity of a character and portrays the dramatic, physical
and emotional aspects of this character or of the situation
 External music or sound effects are to be avoided unless critical to the piece
 Stools and podiums for scripts may be used
 If there are several characters, each is identified through voice changes, gestures,
and posture
 If there are more than one reader,
there is no physical or eye contact between readers as in a play
Interpretive reading begins with a good understanding of the material
 The selection is focused and not too complex that the audience can identify with and
understand it in one presentation
Once a reading is selected, analyze and study its sequence of thought:
 Summarize the general theme, or dominant meaning, you wish to convey
 Visualize or imagine a word picture that will help you relate
your experience with the reading
What will be your introduction?
Capture the audience's attention, and set the stage for the reading, point of view, context,
Practice reading aloud for continuity and smoothness:
 Keep your mind on the connected thought as you read,
Practice reading the story out loud to a trial audience
Format your oral presentation to the audience's ability
to identify with, understand and enjoy the piece
Create an atmosphere or context with your voice:
expressive reading uses many vocal tools.
Emphasize prominent words or groups of words - in order to make the meaning clear.
One strategy can be to read the sentences but in place of words 
use only a sound as mmm or ahhhh. Use facial expressions and gestures, and timely,
effective eye contact with the audience.