p-Chart Quiz October 4, 2001

Ten samples of 15 parts each were taken from an ongoing process to establish a p-chart
for control. The number and proportion of defectives in each of the 10 samples are
shown below.

    # of    
Sample n Defectives p p (%)
1 15 3 0.2 20
2 15 1 0.066667 6.66667
3 15 0 0 0
4 15 0 0 0
5 15 0 0 0
6 15 2 0.133333 13.3333
7 15 0 0 0
8 15 3 0.2 20
9 15 1 0.066667 6.66667
10 15 0 0 0

Develop a p-chart for 95% confidence. What observations can you make?

In decimal form

95% confi dence  z  1.96

Total # of def ect ives 1
p  
k  n 10 
p (1  p ) 0.06 6 (1  0.
s p  
n 15
UCL  p  z  s p  0.06 6  1.96(
LCL  p  z  s p  0.06 6  1.96 (

In percentage

95% confidence  z  1.96

Total # of defectives 10
p   100 
k  n 10  15
p (100  p) 6.6 6 (100  0.06 6
s p  
n 15
UCL  p  z  s p  6.6 6  1.96( 6.441) 
LCL  p  z  s p  6.6 6  1.96( 6.441) 
 p-Chart
(based on p in decimal form)

0.25

0.2

0.15
p

0.1

0.05

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sample

Observations:

Two plots (samples 1 and 8) fall above the UCL. Just one plot above the UCL constitutes
statistical evidence [at  = 5%] that the process is out of control.

Moreover, the p-chart indicates erratic behavior, with wild swings up and down the
control chart.

The process should be investigated for poor performance.

p-Chart Quiz 2
October 4, 2001
Note:

Using 3 control limits,

UCL  p  3  s p  0.06 6  3( 0.0644 1)  0.2599

LCL  p  3  s p  0.06 6  3( 0.06441)  0.1266  adjus

3 p-Chart
(based on p in decimal form)

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15
p

0.1

0.05

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sample

Hence, with the larger z value (z = 3), the control chart is wider. In this case, all plots fall
within the control limits.

Which control chart is more sensitive to changes in the distribution of process output?

p-Chart Quiz 3
October 4, 2001