Mission-critical Facility Modeling

Utility, Generators, UPM

(Stationary and/or Rotary)

Power Analytics Corporation

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©Copyright Power Analytics Corporation 2012

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Mission-critical Facility Modeling

Table of Contents

1. Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1
2. Flywheel Generator – Synchronous Compensator Unit Modeling: .......................... 2
3. Power Flow Analysis ........................................................................................................ 4
3.1 Run Power Flow: ............................................................................................................ 6
4. Automatic Voltage Control ............................................................................................ 10
4.1 Voltage Control Using Flywheel Generators - Compensators ............................. 10

Note:

You will find the Job files used in this tutorial in the following location:

 C:\DesignBase\Samples\ADPF = UPS-Voltage_Control

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1. Introduction

Critical facilities like data centers, command and control centers, petrochemical
plants, and other technology-intensive environments — require continuous power
supply with a high degree of reliability, availability and quality. These facilities
require a special design regarding the power supply approach.

A critical facility is usually supplied from one or more Utility Points of supply (PCC).
Backup supply is provided by the local generators. The critical loads are fed from the
UPS with a possibility to bypass the UPS to the local generators, in case the UPS
are in the repair mode.

There are solid-state UPSs and rotary UPSs.

The following model shows a Generic Critical Facility, with three rotary UPS units
that supply the critical loads.

The scope of this Tutorial is to provide a guide to the DesignBase users on how to
model the system, the Utility, the Generators and UPS in order to keep the voltage
constant at critical buses and loads regardless of the supply system.

The tutorial will demonstrate DesignBase’s unique features and functions on

modeling the “rotary UPS” using complex component symbols, and how to control
the voltage.

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Three scenarios are generated:

1. Normal operation: Utility is ON, UPS are on and in compensation mode, local
generators are OFF;
2. Flywheel Mode: Utility is OFF, local generators are ON, UPS moves to
flywheel supply mode;
3. Local generators Mode: Utility is OFF, local generators are ON, UPSs are
OFF.

2. Flywheel Generator – Synchronous Compensator Unit Modeling:

Flywheel generator – Synchronous Motor Unit consists of a synchronous motor and a

flywheel generator which are connected to the same shaft. During normal operation,
the synchronous motor is overexcited and runs in voltage control mode, keeping the
bus voltage constant.

In the flywheel generator mode, the synchronous motor goes in the generator voltage
control mode. In this mode, the flywheel generator works as a dynamic break.

To see the way the Flywheel Generator – Synchronous Compensator Unit is modeled,
open the “Complex Components catalog, and select “Flywheel – Synchronous
Compensator” symbol: drag it and drop onto the drawing space as shown below:

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2.1 Open the Synchronous Motor dialog by double clicking on it. The screen below shows
the synchronous motor dialog/Load Flow tab. The motor is overexcited and runs in
compensator mode. We also need to open the “Automatic Voltage Control – Static VAR
compensation” dialog and set up the voltage controls: minimum Kvar, Maximum Kvar, Desired
Voltage and the Controlled Bus. See the figure below:

Select the “Controlled Bus”: in this case bus UPS-2.

Allocate the “Minimum and Maximum “ Kvar for the Synchronous Motor in order to allow the
motor to run in both reactive power source or reactive power consumer, if the synchronous
motor reactive power has “+“ sign, it means that power is injected into the system to keep the
bus UPS-1 voltage constant.

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2.2 Open the Flywheel Generator dialog by double clicking on it: The figure below shows the
Generator dialog/Load Flow tab. The generator is operated in PV mode. Fill in the generator data.
Select the controlled bus ID and the desired voltage.

The user can set up the flywheel Generator in PV mode or PQ mode. Also, the generator can be
set up as a swing bus.

3. Power Flow Analysis

Launch the DesignBAse Advanced Power Flow program.

Click the DesignBase Advanced Power Flow program icon and load the “UPS-
Voltage_Control.axd file.

Launch the “DesignBase Advanced Power Flow Options” and enable “Automatic Voltage Control”:

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Tip:

Selecting “Initialize Voltage with Gauss Seidel” is recommended for networks with large
underground feeders.

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3.1 Run Power Flow:

Click “Analyze” icon to launch the Power Flow program:

If the network is consistent with the input data, then the following dialog window is displayed:
POWER FLOW CONVERGED.

The number of iterations depends on network type, size and the controls enabled.

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The Power Flow results can be displayed:

1. On the DesignBase drawing model by using DesignBase back annotation feature, as

presented below.

By using DesignBase back annotation tool, the user can select:

 Any item listed in the screen below;

 Units;
 Bus Voltage Violation;
 Current Violation;
 Transformer Violation.

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Power Flow Results displayed on the DesignBase drawing:

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2. Text Output Report select “Auto Text Report” in DesignBase Advanced Power Flow
Options:

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4. Automatic Voltage Control

4.1 Voltage Control Using Flywheel Generators - Compensators

Step 1: Select “Diesel Mode” Scenario as shown in the screen below:

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In this scenario:

Utility is OFF, GEN1, 2 and 3 are ON and S1, 2 and 3 are ON, as can be seen in the figure below:

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Step 2:

Designate Local Generators 1, 2 & 3 and Synchronous Compensators S1, 2 and 3 as Voltage
Control units.

Follow the instructions as shown in the screens below:

For local generators:

G1 controls bus M1; desired Voltage 1.00 in p.u.;

G2 controls bus M2; desired Voltage 1.00 in p.u.;
G3 controls bus M3; desired Voltage 1.00 in p.u.

Repeat this procedure for as many generators as necessary. In this example, only three
generators will be used for voltage control.

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For Synchronous Compensators:

S1 controls bus UPS-1; desired Voltage 1.00 in p.u.;

G2 controls bus UPS-2; desired Voltage 1.00 in p.u.;
G3 controls bus UPS-3; desired Voltage 1.00 in p.u.

Repeat this procedure for as many Synchronous Compensators as necessary. In this example,
only three Synchronous Compensators will be used for voltage control.

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Step 3:

Select “Adv. Power Flow Options” and fill in the required data as indicated in the screen
below:

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Step 4:

Run Power Flow and check the bus voltages (bus voltages controlled by generators (GEN1, 2
and 3) and by synchronous compensators (S1, 2 and 3):

As can be seen in the screen above, the bus voltages are 1 p.u.

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