CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

BASIC THEORY
1. Without carrying out numeric calculations it sketches a curve of the temperature of combustion adiabática
against the percentage of estequiometric air for the burnt of hydrogen with air. Explain the form of the
curve, noticing especially any ends or values limits.
2. ¿Why the approach of chemical balance is expressed in terms of the function of Gibbs instead of the
entropy?
3. ¿That element is more probable than it is dissociated in its form monoatómica to 3000 K, H 2 or N2? ¿Why?

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

Key book: 13,3 – 13,4* – 13,9 – 13,12* – 13,14 – 13,15* – 13,16* – 13,19* – 13,21* – 13,22* – 13,23 –
13,28* – 13,29 – 13,31* – 13,33* – 13,48 – 13,49*

TALLER

STOICHIOMETRIC METHOD
1. Is there any danger that solid carbon will form at 550ºC and 1 bar by the reaction 2CO = C S + CO2?

2. Consider an equilibrium mixture at 3600°R consisting of Cs, Cs+, and e-, where Cs denotes neutral cesium
atoms, Cs+ singly ionized cesium ions, and e- free electrons. The ionization-equilibrium constant at this
temperature for Cs  Cs+ + e- is K=15,63. Determine the pressure, in atmospheres, if the ionization of
Cs is 95% complete, and plot percent completion of ionization versus pressure ranging from 0 to 10 atm.

3. Adiabatic reaction in an ammonia reaction: Estimate the outlet temperature and equilibrium mole fraction
of ammonia synthesized from a stoichiometric ratio of N2 and H2 fed a 25°C and reacted at 100 bar. How
would this change if the pressure was 200 bar? ½ N2 (g) + 3/2 H2 (g) = NH3 (g)

4. Methane is burned with 80% stoichiometric air in a stable flow process at 100 kPa. Methane enters at
25°C and air at 35 °C, the products leave in chemical equilibrium at 1700 K. Assuming that only CO2, CO,
H2O, H2 and N2 appear in the products, determine: a) the amount of heat transferred by kilogram of
methane, b) Flame temperature in the reactor, c) It is correct not to take into account the formation of
nitrogen oxides, why?

5. Methanol has a lower vapour pressure than gasoline. That can make it difficult to start a car fuelled by
pure methanol. One solution is to convert some of the methanol to methyl ether in situ during the start-
up phase of the process (i.e. automobile). At a given temperature, 1 mole of MeOH is fed to a reactor at
atmospheric pressure. It is assumed that only the two reactions given below take place. Compute the
extents of the two simultaneous reactions over a range of temperatures from 200°C to 300°C. Also include
the equilibrium mole fractions of the various species.
CH3OH (g) = CO (g) + 2H2 (g)
2CH3OH (g) = CH3OCH3 (g) + H2O (g)

NON-STOICHIOMETRIC METHOD
6. Using the Gibbs energy minimization method, find the equilibrium compositions for steam cracking ethane
at 1000 K and 1.2 bar. The food consists of 4 mol of ethane per 1 mol of water. The species to consider
in the balance are: C2H4 - C2H2 - C2H6 - CH4 - H2 - H2O - CO - CO2 - O2. Develop the entire mathematical
model and solve using Lagrange multipliers.