PARTS OF THE
SPEECH
Adjective
What is an
adjecive?
An adjective is a part of speech which describes,
identifies, or quantifies a noun or a pronoun. So
basically, the main function of an adjective is to
modify a noun or a pronoun so that it will
become more specific and interesting.
A group of words with a subject and a verb, can
also function as an adjective. When this happens,
the group of words is called an adjective clause.
For example: My brother, who is much older than
I am, is an astronaut.
Types of adjectives
1. Descriptive AdjectivesThey simply say
something about the quality or the kind of the
noun or pronoun they’re referring
to.Example: Iven is big
2. Adjectives of Number or Adjectives of
QuantityThis kind of adjective answers the
question, “How many?” or “How
much?”Examples : -These tacos need more
salsa-Thirty three tacos
3. Demonstrative AdjectivesDemonstrative
adjectives point out pronouns and nouns, and
always come before the words they are
referring to.Examples:I used to buy these
totopos
5. Interrogative AdjectivesInterrogative
adjectives ask questions and are always followed
by a noun.What tacos should I go ?
Adverb
An adverb is a part of speech used to describe
a verb, adjective, clause, or another adverb. It
simply tells the readers how, where, when, or the
degree at which something was done.Example:1.
The Taquero attend us very nicely.Very is an
adverb that describes nicely, which is another
adverb.2. Tears began to fall as he saw
the completely lifeless tacos that he bought.The
adverb in this sentence is completely, which
describes the adjective lifeless.Surprisingly, the
cubicles of the public restroom are clean.3.
Surprisingly,the Taqueria's kitchen is
clean.Surprisingly is the adverb in this sentence.
It modifies the clause that comes right after it.
Types of adverds
1. Adverbs of Manner This kind of adverb
describes the manner by which something was
done or something happened. Adverbs of
manner answer the question
“How?”Example:The Taquero made the tacos
tastily
2. Adverbs of placeAdverbs of place simply
answer the question “Where?” Example:I looked
around when I smelt taquitos al pastor
3. Advebs of timeAside from answering when an
event occurred, adverbs of time also answer
questions like, “How long?” and “How
often?”Examples:1. Pedro worked in a taqueria
for a year.2. I'm going to the tacos tomorrow.3. I
usually eat tacos.
4. Adverbs of degree.This kind of adverb
indicates the degree at which something
will be done. It tells something about
the intensity.Example:1. The taquero don't
make the tacos fast enough.
Conjunction
The conjunction is the part of speech used as a
“joiner” for words, phrases, or clauses in a
particular sentence. It links these words or groups
of words together, in such a way that certain
relationships among these different parts of the
sentence will be established, and the thoughts that
all of these convey will be connected
Types of
conjuctions.
1. Coordinating ConjunctionThe main function of
coordinating conjunctions is to join words,
phrases, and clauses together, which are usually
grammatically equal.This type of conjunctions is
placed in between the words or groups of words
that it links together, and not at the beginning or
at the end.Example:1.Tacos and empanadas are
my favorite Mexican food.
2. Subordinating ConjunctionThis type of
conjunctions is used in linking two clauses
together.Subordinating conjunctions also
describe the relationship between the dependent
clause and the independent clause in the
sentence.List of Common Subordinating
Conjunctions:while -as soon as - although before -
even if - because no matter how - whether
- wherever - when - until - after - as if - how - if -
provided -in that -once supposing - while - unless
- in case - as far as - now that - as - so that -
though - since.Example:1. I was drinking a
Mango Boing whilr the taquero was making the
taquitos.
3. Correlative ConjunctionThe correlative
conjunctions are simply pairs of conjunctions
which are used to join equal sentence elements
together.List of Common Correlative
Conjunctions:either… orneither… nornot only…
but alsoboth… andwhether… orso… asExample:I
like both of those sauces flavors, so I can eat
either.
What is a Conjunctive Adverb?Although a
conjunctive adverb is not a real conjunction, this
kind of words functions as conjunctions in a
sentence. Some examples of conjunctive adverbs
are:in additionfor examplehoweverthereforeon
the contraryhencein factotherwise
Interjection
The interjection is a part of speech which is
more commonly used in informal language than
in formal writing or speech. Basically, the
function of interjections is to express emotions
or sudden bursts of feelings.
Types of
interjections
1. Adjectives as
interjection.Example:Good!
Now we can eat our tacos
2. Nouns as InterjectionsHoly
cow! I forgot eat my tacos!
3. Short Clauses as interjectionsDoña Tifo
made our tacos!. Oh! What a nightmare!
4. Sounds as
interjectionsYumm!! That
taco was delicious.
Noun
In the simplest sense, a noun is any word that
names people, things, animals, places, events, or
ideas.Example:Doña Tifo , the taquera who
make tacos on the corner, was the Doña that
made the tacos that made me sick.
Functions of a noun.1. As a subject:
Doña Tifo is very dirty.2. As a object
of the preposition:We will meet at
Doña Tifo's3. As a subject
complement:Doña Tifo is a taquera.4.
As a direct object:5. Doña Tifo made
a taco.6. As indirect object:He gave
Doña Tifo a bill of twenty pesos.
Genders1. Neuter – this gender simply refers to
nouns that have no sex.Examples: computer,
city, pizza, bus, brownies, oven2. Common– is
the gender of nouns which can refer to either the
male or female sex.Examples: student, driver,
lawyer, criminal, leader, visitor3. Masculine–
this refers to nouns of the male
sexExamples: sorcerer, actor, tiger, rooster,
prince, fox, stag, bull, ram4.Feminine– this
denotes nouns of the female
sex.Examples: sorceress, actress, tigress, hen,
princess, vixen, doe, cow, ewe.
Pronoun
A pronoun replaces a noun in a particular
sentence, but it still refers to the same noun.
Types of
pronouns
1. Personal pronounsThis kind of pronoun refers
to a particular person or thing. The form of the
personal pronoun that is appropriate to use for a
specific sentence depends on the gender and
number of persons or things that serve as the
antecedents.Example:1. You are definitely the
biggest taquero I’ve ever met.2.
Harry persuaded her to come with him to the
taqueria.
2. Demonstrative pronounsThe function of this
kind of pronoun is to point to a
nounExample:That place is taqueria is the
number one of Morelia.
3. Indefinite pronounsThis kind of pronoun refers
to unspecified things. Some examples are: any, all,
another, each, anyone, anything, anybody,
nobody, everyone, everybody, someone,
somebody, few, and many.Examples:Any taqueria
is good to dinner.
4. Intensive pronounsThe function of intensive
pronouns is to give emphasis to the antecedent.
Examples of this kind of pronoun are: myself,
itself, himself, herself, yourself, yourselves,
themselves, and ourselves.Example:Doña Tifo
herself said that the green sauce is awful.
5. Interrogative pronounsAs the title implies, the
function of this kind of pronoun is to ask
questions. Examples of interrogative pronouns
are: who, what, which, whom, whoever, whatever,
whichever, and whomever.Example:Which taco is
better?
6. Relative pronounsThis kind of pronoun links
one clause or phrase to another. Some of the
most common relative pronouns are: who,
whoever, whomever, that, and which.1. Doña
Tifo who made tacos at the corner....
7. Reflexive pronounsThis kind of pronoun is
used to refer back to the subject. Some of the
reflexive pronouns are: yourself, myself,
ourselves, himself, herself, themselves, and
itself.Example: Doña Tifo never forgets to make
tacos for herself.
Preposition
A preposition is a word that indicates the
relationship between a noun and the other words
of a sentence. They explain relationships of
sequence, space, and logic between the object of
the sentence and the rest of the sentence. They
help us understand order, time connections, and
positions.Example:I'm going to my house
Linguistic FactsFirst, they are a closed class of
words which means no new preposition gets
added to the language. We use a fixed set of
prepositions.Second, prepositions do not have
any other form. They cannot be plural,
possessive, inflection, or anything
else.Third, most of the prepositions have many
different contextual and natural uses. So, it is
easy to be confused about preposition.
Prepositions can be of one, two, three, or even
more words. Prepositions with two or more
words are called phrasal prepositions.There are
some commonly used phrasal
prepositions:because of, in case of, instead of, by
way of, on behalf of, on account of, in care of, in
spite of, on the side of, etc.
Types of
preposition.
Prepositions of Time:Prepositions of time show
the relationship of time between the nouns to
the other parts of a sentence.On, at, in, from, to,
for, since, ago, before, till/until, by, etc. are the
most common preposition of time.Example:She
open the taco shop at 10 AM.There is a
holiday in December
Prepositions of Place and
Direction:Prepositions of place show the
relationship of place between the nouns to the
other parts of a sentence.On, at, in, by, from,
to, towards, up, down, across, between, among,
through, in front of, behind, above, over,
under, below, etc. are the most common
prepositions of place/direction.Example:She
is at my home.
Prepositions of Agents or
Things:Prepositions of agents or
things indicate a casual relationship between
nouns and other parts of the sentence.Of, for,
by, with, about, etc. are the most used and
common prepositions of agents or
things.Example:This article is about tacos.
Phrasal Prepositions:A phrasal preposition is
not a prepositional phrase, but they are a
combination of two or more words which
functions as a preposition.Along with, apart
from, because of, by means of, according to, in
front of, contrary to, in spite of, on account of, in
reference to, in addition to, in regard to, instead
of, on top of, out of, with regard to, etc. are the
most common phrasal
prepositions.Example:They along with their
children went to San Juan Paricutiro..
Verb Determiner
A verb can be considered as one of the most A Determiner is a word that introduces a noun. It
always comes before a noun, not after, and it also
important parts of a sentence.The verb is the
main component of a predicate. Without it, there comes before any other adjectives used to describe
the noun.Determiners are required before a
won’t be a sentence, just a bunch of words with
an incomplete thought. Simply defined, the verb singular noun but are optional when it comes to
introducing plural nouns. For example, consider
is a part of speech which is used to demonstrate
an action or a state of being. the placement and usage of the common
determiner the in the sentences
below:The bunny went home.Metal cans are
recyclable.The metal cans are recyclable.
Types of verbs
Action VerbsAction verbs are words that express
action (give, eat, walk, etc.) or possession (have,
own, etc.).Action verbs can be either transitive or Types of
intransitive.Transitive VerbsA transitive verb Determiners
always has a noun that receives the action of the
verb, called the direct object.EXAMPLE:
Laurissa raises her hand. The verb is raises. Her
hand is the object receiving the verb’s action.
Therefore, raises is a transitive.Intransitive
VerbsAn intransitive verb never has a direct or ArticlesArticles are among the most common of
indirect object. Although an intransitive verb the determiners. There are three singular
may be followed by an adverb or adverbial articles: a, an, and the. Articles specify (or
determine) which noun the speaker is referring
phrase, there is no object to receive its
action.EXAMPLE: Laurissa rises slowly from to. A and an are indefinite articles and are
her seat.The verb is rises. The phrase, slowly used when you are talking about a general
from her seat, modifies the verb, but no object version of the noun. For example:A dog
receives the action. is a good pet.An ostrich would beat a chicken
in a race.On the other hand, the is a definite
article, meaning the speaker is referring to a
specific noun. For example:We went to the best
restaurant in town.The dog is barking too loudly.
Linking VerbsA linking verb connects the
subject of a sentence to a noun or adjective that
renames or describes the subject. This noun or
adjective is called the subject complement.
EXAMPLE: Jason became a business major.
The verb, became, links the subject, Jason, to its
complement, a business major.
DemonstrativesDemonstrative pronouns are also
used as determiners in English. There are four of
them: this, that, these and those. Demonstratives
are used in a situation in which the speaker can
point to the item they mean, making them even
more specific than a definite article. For
Helping VerbsHelping verbs are used before example:Do you want this piece of chicken?I
action or linking verbs to convey additional don't want to go to that movie.These black
information regarding aspects of possibility (can, raspberries are sour.He wanted those boys to go
could, etc.) or time (was, did, has, etc.). The main away.
verb with its accompanying helping verb is called
a verb phrase. EXAMPLES: Teju is (helping
verb) going (main verb) to Florida.The trip might
(helping verb) be (main verb) dangerous.The
following words, called modals, always function as
helping verbs:can/may/ must /shall/ will/could
/might /ought to/ should would.EXAMPLES:
Tanya could learn to fly helicopters. (Could helps
the main verb, learn.)Janine will drive to Idaho
tomorrow. (Will helps the main verb, drive.)In
addition, the following forms of the verbs to be, to
do, and to have sometimes serve as helping verbs.
(Note: In other cases, they may serve as action or
linking verbs.)am/ be /being/ do/ had /have
was/are/ been/ did /does/ has /is /wereHELPING: QuantifiersQuantifiers are determiners that
indicate how much or how little of the noun is
Jana is moving to a new house.LINKING: Jana is
ready to go. being discussed. They include words such as all,
few and many. For example:He took all the
books.She liked all desserts equally.
PossessivesWhen referring to a noun that
belongs to someone or something, you can
use possessive pronouns to show ownership.
Possessive pronouns include my, your, his, her,
its, our, and their. For example:Where
is your car?