DISCLAIMER

The template has been provided by Enviro-Mark Solutions Limited trading as Toitū Envirocare. While
every effort has been made to ensure the template is consistent with the requirements of ISO 14064-
1:2006, Toitū Envirocare does not accept any responsibility whether in contract, tort, equity or
otherwise for any action taken, or reliance placed on it, or for any error or omission from this report.
The template should not be altered (i.e. the black text); doing so may invalidate the organisation’s claim
that its inventory is compliant with the ISO 14064-1:2006 standard.

This work shall not be used for the purpose of obtaining emissions units, allowances, or carbon credits
from two or more different sources in relation to the same emissions reductions, or for the purpose of
offering for sale carbon credits which have been previously sold.

The consolidation approach chosen for the greenhouse gas inventory should not be used to make
decisions related to the application of employment or taxation law.

This report shall not be used to make public greenhouse gas assertions without independent verification
and issue of an assurance statement by Toitū Envirocare.

EIR TEMPLATE V2.1 © ENVIRO-MARK SOLUTIONS LIMITED 2014 PAGE 2 OF 21

CONTENTS
Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................................. 2
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory summary ....................................................................................... 5
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Statement of intent........................................................................................................................... 8
3 Organisation description................................................................................................................... 8
4 Organisational boundaries included for this reporting period ......................................................... 8
5 Organisational business units excluded from inventory ................................................................. 10
6 GHG emissions source inclusions .................................................................................................... 10
6.1 Other emissions – HFCs, PFCs and SF6 ................................................................................... 14
6.2 Other emissions – biomass .................................................................................................... 14
6.3 Other emissions – deforestation ............................................................................................ 14
6.4 Pre-verified data .................................................................................................................... 14
7 GHG emissions source exclusions ................................................................................................... 14
8 Data collection and uncertainties ................................................................................................... 14
9 GHG emissions calculations and results ......................................................................................... 15
10 emissions reductions and removals enhancement ........................................................................ 17
11 Liabilities ......................................................................................................................................... 20
11.1 GHG stocks held ..................................................................................................................... 20
11.2 Land-use change .................................................................................................................... 20
12 Purchased reductions ..................................................................................................................... 21
13 Double counting / double offsetting ............................................................................................... 21
14 References ...................................................................................................................................... 21
15 Appendix 1: GHG emissions data summary .................................................................................... 21

Table 1: GHG emissions data summary. .................................................................................................... 5

Table 2: Gross organisation GHG emissions by scope for current measurement year. ............................ 5

Table 3: GHG emissions inventory summary by scope and business unit. ................................................ 6

Table 4: Mobile and stationary combustion of biomass. .......................................................................... 6

Table 5: Deforestation of two hectares or more. ...................................................................................... 6

Table 6: GHG stock liability (see Table 13: for mass of individual gases). ................................................. 6

Table 7: Land-use liabilities........................................................................................................................ 7

Table 8: Renewable electricity generation on-site. ................................................................................... 7

Table 9: Purchased emissions reductions. ................................................................................................. 7

Table 10: Brief description of business units in the certifying entity. ....................................................... 9

Table 11: GHG emissions sources included in the inventory ................................................................... 11

Table 12: GHG emissions sources excluded from the inventory ............................................................. 14

Table 13: HFCs, PFCs and SF6 GHG emissions and liabilities. ................................................................... 20

EIR TEMPLATE V2.1 © ENVIRO-MARK SOLUTIONS LIMITED 2014 PAGE 3 OF 21

Figure 1: Organisational structure. ............................................................................................................ 9

Figure 2: GHG emissions (tonnes CO2e) by scope ................................................................................... 16

Figure 3: GHG emissions (tonnes CO2e) by business activity. ................................................................. 16

Figure 4: GHG emissions sources by source. ........................................................................................... 17

Figure 5: Comparison of GHG operational emissions by scope between the reporting periods. ........... 18

Figure 6: Comparison of GHG operational emissions by emissions sources between the reporting
periods. .................................................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 7: Comparison of emissions by business unit between the reporting periods............................. 19

EIR TEMPLATE V2.1 © ENVIRO-MARK SOLUTIONS LIMITED 2014 PAGE 4 OF 21

1 INTRODUCTION
This report is the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions1 inventory report for the named
organisation. The inventory is a complete and accurate quantification of the amount of GHG
emissions that can be directly attributed to the organisation’s operations within the declared
boundary and scope for the specified reporting period. The inventory has been prepared in
accordance with the requirements of the measure-step2 of the Programme , which is based on the
Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (2004) and ISO 14064-
1:2006 Specification with Guidance at the Organization Level for Quantification and Reporting of
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals3. Where relevant, the inventory is aligned with industry or
sector best practice for emissions measurement and reporting.

2 STATEMENT OF INTENT
This inventory forms part of the organisation’s commitment to gain Programme certification.
This inventory reports into the CEMARS and carboNZero programmes. To protect the Antarctic
environment, we have made a strong commitment to minimising energy demands to meet our
sustainability goals. As the Statement of Intent describes ‘Our focus on reducing our environmental
footprint in Antarctica significantly enhances New Zealand’s credibility as an operator there, as does
our approach to finding innovative solutions to environmental management challenges. We continue
to place high priority on excellent standards of environmental practice and have undertaken a series
of improvements to our Environmental Management System which has been accredited at Enviro-
Mark® NZ Diamond Standard, the highest level available. In 2016, Antarctica New Zealand became
the first organisation in New Zealand to be certified with Energy- Mark® Silver Standard. This
approach, coupled with high standards of environmental impact assessment undertaken in
accordance with the Antarctica (Environmental Protection Act) 1994 provides a rigorous means of
minimising our impacts on the Antarctic environment.’

3 ORGANISATION DESCRIPTION
Antarctica New Zealand is the Crown Entity responsible for developing, managing and executing New
Zealand Government activities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Antarctica New Zealand
provides a permanent New Zealand presence in Antarctica through the operation of Scott Base, New
Zealand’s Antarctic research station.
Key activities of Antarctica New Zealand include facilitating scientific research, protecting the natural
Antarctic environment and raising public awareness of the global significance of the continent, and
surrounding Southern Ocean.

4 ORGANISATIONAL BOUNDARIES INCLUDED FOR

THIS REPORTING PERIOD
Organisational boundaries were set with reference to the methodology described in the GHG
Protocol and ISO 14064-1:2006 standards. The GHG Protocol allows two distinct approaches to be
used to consolidate GHG emissions: the equity share and control (financial or operational)

1 Throughout this document “emissions” means “GHG emissions”.

2
Programme refers to the Toitū carbonreduce and the Toitū carbonzero programme.
3 Throughout this document ’GHG Protocol‘ means the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard and ’ISO

14064-1:2006’ means the international standard Specification with Guidance at the Organizational Level for Quantification and
Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals.

EIR TEMPLATE V2.1 © ENVIRO-MARK SOLUTIONS LIMITED 2014 PAGE 8 OF 21

5 ORGANISATIONAL BUSINESS UNITS EXCLUDED
FROM INVENTORY
There are no business units excluded from the inventory.

6 GHG EMISSIONS SOURCE INCLUSIONS

The GHG emissions sources included in this inventory are those required for Programme certification
and were identified with reference to the methodology described in the GHG Protocol and ISO
14064-1:2006 standards. Identification of emissions sources was achieved via personal
communications with Antarctica New Zealand staff, and cross-checked against operational
expenditure records for the reporting period. These records were viewed in order to see what
activities may be associated with emissions from all of the operations.
As adapted from the GHG Protocol, these emissions were classified into the following categories:
• Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1): GHG emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the
company.
• Indirect GHG emissions (Scope 2): GHG emissions from the generation of purchased electricity,
heat and steam consumed by the company.
• Indirect GHG emissions (Scope 3): GHG emissions required by the Programme that occur as a
consequence of the activities of the company but occur from sources not owned or controlled by
the company. Inclusion of other Scope 3 emissions sources is done on a case-by-case basis.
After liaison with the organisation, the emissions sources in Table 11 have been identified and
included in the GHG emissions inventory.

EIR TEMPLATE V2.1 © ENVIRO-MARK SOLUTIONS LIMITED 2014 PAGE 10 OF 21

 Because the aircraft and ship types and transport routes did not changed during these periods the
data used to calculate the fuel conversion factor (L/kg) to account for New Zealand’s proportional
fuel consumption from these transport means has had to use the conversion factor from data
supplied in the 2015/16 season.

9 GHG EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS

GHG emissions for the organisation for this measurement period are provided in Table 1 where they
are stated by greenhouse gas, by scope, by business unit and as total emissions.
Scope 3 emissions continue to be the largest contributor to Antarctica New Zealand's emissions
(Table 1; Figure 2) contributing approximately 85% of total emissions. The nature of operating in
Antarctica relies on a complex logistical operations, all of which are captured under Scope 3 activities.
The movement of people and cargo between New Zealand and Antarctica and within Antarctica is
the main business activity contributing to total emissions (Figure 3; Cargo Logistics, JP5
consumption). Intercontinental flights utilise a suite of different aircraft types to move large
quantities of cargo and people several times a week throughout the Antarctic operational season. In
addition, once a year, a fuel tanker and cargo ship transport bulk fuel and supplies to the two stations
– enough to ensure the stations can be self-sufficient for a period of two years if necessary. Sea ice
conditions require the support of an icebreaker to clear a channel for entry of these vessels in to the
port to offload, adding to the total consumed fuel required for the movement of people and cargo
to and from Antarctica. A small portion of Scope 3 emissions remain attributed to special projects,
to include the return of assets from ANDRILL - a historic large scale drilling project carried out close
to Scott Base (Figure 2 and 3).
The running and maintenance of Scott Base uses wind generated energy but is reliant on fossil fuels
in periods of low wind and as a necessary backup during power failures. AN8 consumption is the
second greatest main business activity that contributes to overall emission (Figure 3) but is captured
under Scope 1 activities (Table 1, Figure 2). The three business activities, Cargo Logistics, JP5
Consumption and AN8 consumption (Figure 3) utilise Jet A1/Jet Kerosene and Marine Diesel oil which
combined are the largest emission source (Figure 4) and all Scope three emissions (Figure 2).
Operating in Antarctica is not currently achievable without the use of fossil fuels.
Within the Christchurch based operations, international travel and electricity are the largest
contributor to Scope 3 emissions (Table 1; Figure 2 and 3). An increase in business activity and staff
numbers contribute to an increase in these emission sources.

EIR TEMPLATE V2.1 © ENVIRO-MARK SOLUTIONS LIMITED 2014 PAGE 15 OF 21

 GHG operational emissions by scope
3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Scope 3 Additional

Figure 2: GHG emissions (tonnes CO2e) by scope

GHG operational emissions by business unit

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
Head office Head Head Scott Base Scott Scott Scott Base/JP5 Scott
office/Rental office/Staff Base/AN8 Base/Cargo consumption Base/WWTP
vehicles vehicle claims consumption Logistics

Figure 3: GHG emissions (tonnes CO2e) by business activity.

EIR TEMPLATE V2.1 © ENVIRO-MARK SOLUTIONS LIMITED 2014 PAGE 16 OF 21

 GHG operational emissions by source - top 10

Jet A1/Jet Kerosene

Marine diesel oil

Air travel long haul (average)

Air travel domestic (average)

Electricity

Air travel short haul (average)

Petrol regular

Diesel

Waste landfilled LFGR Garden and Food

Accommodation hotel/lodge/motor inn

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Figure 4: GHG emissions sources by source.

The inventory report and any GHG assertions are expected to be verified by a Programme-approved,
third-party verifier. The level of assurance is reported in a separate Assurance Statement provided
to the directors of the certified entity.

10 EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS

ENHANCEMENT
GHG emissions for the organisation for the current reporting period are detailed in Table 1.
Antarctica New Zealand began measuring its carbon emissions in 2009. At that time, the base year
was identified as the 2008/09 Antarctic season and a five year reduction target of 28% was set. The
2013/14 season did not see us meet our 28% reduction target, but we still achieved a 23%
reduction. The scale of Antarctica New Zealand’s operations remained relatively stable from 2008
– 2014.
Since the 2014/15 season we have seen a change in our operations. This was primarily due to
increasing requests from the science community to access more deep field locations for data
collection to allow more accurate climate modelling. As a result, Antarctica New Zealand re-
baselined our emissions in the 2015/16 season. Since that time, our activities have continued to
grow.
Recently, the organisation was awarded (August 2018) a Strategic Science Investment Fund from
the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE), which is approximately $50 million
dollars worth of science funding money over seven years. The early ambition of the science
community to access more deep field locations in 2014/15 is set to continue with the injection of
this dedicated science funding. We have already seen this trend without the new science funding
through a continued growth in Scope 3 emissions (Figure 5) and the Cargo Logistics business unit
(Figure 7). Activities have increased in distance locations which have required Antarctica New
Zealand to contract an additional helicopter and more fixed-wing aircraft hours. An increase in
emissions from this source (JP5) can be seen in Figure 7.
In addition to an increase in science activities, Antarctica New Zealand is seeking to redevelop Scott
Base into a safe fit-for-purpose facility and has received $15.3 million capex funding to complete

EIR TEMPLATE V2.1 © ENVIRO-MARK SOLUTIONS LIMITED 2014 PAGE 17 OF 21

12 PURCHASED REDUCTIONS
Purchased reductions could include certified “green” electricity, verified offsets or other carbon-
neutral-certified services. Organisations may choose to voluntarily purchase carbon credits (or
offsets) or green electricity that meets the eligibility criteria set by a regulatory authority. The
reported gross emissions may not be reduced through the purchase of offsets or green tariff
electricity.
Purchased emission reductions have not been included in this inventory.
Certified green electricity has not been included in this inventory.
We generate on-site renewable electricity, and this is included in the inventory. Antarctica New
Zealand owns three 330Kw Enercon E33 Turbines.

13 DOUBLE COUNTING / DOUBLE OFFSETTING

Double counting/offsetting refers to situations where:
• Parts of the organisation have been prior offset.
• The same emissions sources have been reported (and offset) in both organisation and product.
• Emissions have been included and potentially offset in the GHG emissions inventories of two
different organisations, e.g. a company and one of its suppliers/contractors. This is particularly
relevant to indirect (Scope 2 and 3) emissions sources.
• The organisation generates renewable electricity, uses or exports the electricity and claims the
carbon benefits.
• Emissions reductions are counted as removals in an organisation’s GHG emissions inventory
and are counted or used as offsets/carbon credits by another organisation.
Double counting / double offsetting has not been included in this inventory.

14 REFERENCES
International Organization for Standardization, 2006. ISO 14064-1:2006. Greenhouse gases – Part
1: Specification with guidance at the organisation level for quantification and reporting of
greenhouse gas GHG emissions and removals. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland.
World Resources Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 2004
(revised). The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. WBCSD:
Geneva, Switzerland.

15 APPENDIX 1: GHG EMISSIONS DATA SUMMARY

More GHG emissions data is available on the accompanying spreadsheet to this report:
1819 Emissions Data Summary Antarctica NZ.xlsx

EIR TEMPLATE V2.1 © ENVIRO-MARK SOLUTIONS LIMITED 2014 PAGE 21 OF 21