Three Phase Analysis.

Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology

Lahore
1
3-phase Power Analyser
Soban Ahmad Roll no. 2017-EE-86

Muhammad Mohsin Roll no. 2017-EE-72
Saboor Israr Roll no. 2017-EE-67
Fizza Shafique 2017-EE-51
15th August, 2020

Declaration
We hereby declare that all the work that is done under the title of “Three Phase Controlled Inverter”
is original, and is our own except where explicitly stated otherwise and all this work is done under the su-
pervision of Mr. Muhammad Anique Aslam and Mr. Sajjad Ahmad, the instructors of Power Electronics lab.
In addition this work has not been submitted anywhere else.
1
Acknowledgements
We are thankful to Mr. Muhammad Anique Aslam, Mr. Sajjad Ahmed who helped us to study the
mechanism of a three phase inverter and also how to designed rectifier and LCL filter. We are also thankful
to our department which arranged us an opportunity for us to learn and grab the concept by performing the
simulation on software, by providing ODL classes.
2
List of Figures
1.1 Circuit under observation of Task 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.2 Instantaneous and RMS value of Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3 Per-phase voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 Instantaneous and RMS value of Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.5 Per-phase current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.6 Space vector Vref observed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.7 Power factor measured for each phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.8 Active Power measured for each Phase aong with total power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.9 Reactive Power measuredfor each Phase along with total power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.10 Apparant power calculated from the Complex power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.11 Frequency spectrum of Va. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.12 Frequency spectrum of Vb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.13 Frequency spectrum of Vc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.14 Frequency spectrum of Ia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.15 Frequency spectrum of Ib. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.16 Frequency spectrum of Ic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.17 Circuit under observation of Task2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.33 Circuit under observation of Task 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3
4
Contents
1 Introduction 7
1.1 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2 Task 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.1 Main Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.2 Voltage values: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2.3 Voltage waveform: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2.4 Current values: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2.5 Current Waveform: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.6 Space vector: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2.7 Power Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.8 Active Power: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.2.9 Reactive Power: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.2.10 Complex Power: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.2.11 Frequency spectrum of voltage of phase A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.2.12 Frequency spectrum of voltage of phase B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.2.13 Frequency spectrum of voltage of phase C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.2.14 Frequency spectrum of current of phase A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.2.15 Frequency spectrum of current of phase B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.2.16 Frequency spectrum of current of phase C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.3 Task 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.3.1 Main Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.3.2 Voltage values: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.3.4 Current values: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.6 Space vector: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.3.7 Power Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.3.8 Active Power: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.3.9 Reactive Power: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.3.10 Complex Power: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.4 Task 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.4.1 Main Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.4.2 Voltage values: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.4.4 Current values: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
1.4.6 Space vector: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
1.4.7 Power Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5
1.4.8 Active Power: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
1.4.9 Reactive Power: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.4.10 Complex Power: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
1.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
1.6 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6
Chapter 1
Introduction
Motivation
Power analyzers are the instruments that are able to measure a variety of parameters associated with power
consumption and generation at frequencies that range from 50 / 60 Hz right up to many kilohertz. Power
analyzers can make a variety of measurements depending on the manufacturer and model, but typically
power analyzers are likely to be able to measure parameters including voltage, current, power, peak, mean
and RMS parameters, harmonics, phase, and a variety of other parameters. In view of many applications for
these power analyzers, modern types often have data logging capabilities. Often they can store the data on
board to be downloaded at a later date and displayed on the screen. The screens on some power analyzers
can be quite large and able to provide very detailed data. It is also normally possible to communicate the
data, often via ethernet or USB with a computer so that further analysis can be undertaken.
Problem Statement
Iimplementation of a three phase power analyser in MATLAB/Simulink for three different kinds of Cir-
cuits.
7
1.1 Literature Review
3-phase power Analyzers:
Three phase power quality analyzers are ideal for troubleshooting, data logging and creating detailed
reports in conjunction with the easy to use Energy Analyzer. Power analyzer can be used either in a single
phase circuit or a three phase circuit. The power analyzer measures all the line currents and voltages at set
sampling rates. It can also calculate power and related quantaties. And can carry out harmonic analysis
of voltages and currents. The power analyzer has capabality to select various quantities and display all.
The user can change the quantities which are displayed or transmitted over the serial link.Power analyzer is
an important tool not only in product development area but also in troubleshooting areas of power trans-
mission.As a product development tool, the power analyzer is used to check if the appliances connected to
AC-line do generate power problems beyond the specified limts. The power analyzer can also be used as a
troubleshooting unit to seperate the cause due to which power problems occur.
Operation:
Basically the power analyzer identifies and characterizes AC line problems. Then it establishes cause-
and-effect realtionship between various events on the AC line and the problem occurances so that it can take
corrective actions. While establishing such cause-and-effect realtionship, the power analyzer monitors no
only the power but also the operation of the device malfuntioning of the device which occurs during the time
of occurance of the AC source.The power analyzer records the time and nature of occurance of the power
problem on the AC line. Then it compares those readings with the time of occurrence of the malfunctioning
of the device derives a correlation between them. Then it indicates the problem cause with the help of nature
of a recorded event. In the end it indicates either the problem is source related or load related by observing
the event’s characteristics.According to the standards, the supply frequency may be 50Hz or 60Hz. The
most commonly used power supply uses 3 phase four wire system. For such system, as we discussed above,
three line currents and three line voltages are sensed. But in some application, the power uses 3 phase 3
wire system. Then for such system, only two line currents and two line voltages are necessary for different
calculations. Moreover, the power analyzer may use single phase supply. For a single phase power analyzer
only one cuurent and one voltageis sufficient for the analysis.
8
Rectifiers:
Rectifier is an electrical device which converts alternating current into direct current which flows in one
direction. This process is known as rectification. Here a three phase full wave rectifier consists of three legs
and six diodes is used to rectify the AC voltage. It presents an input current rich in low harmonics and output
voltage changes along with load variations. The configuration of circuit used here is simple and it does not
boost the output voltage. Due to alternating nature of the input AC sine wave, the process of rectification
alone produces a DC current that, though unidirectional, consists of pulses of current and output voltage
also have ripples which are reduced by capacitor filter placed at the load side. When filter is not used the
then rectifier just gives a complete positive output source of the given waveform, converting negative half
cycle to positive. The magnitude of the DC voltage is the sum of the magnitude of the voltages in the two
diodes that are conducting at any instant depending on which pair of diodes are conducting.
9
1.2 Task 1
1.2.1 Main Circuit
We hav formed a three-phase balanced system having resistive and inductive load. Here we have use wye
connected load without any ground since it is a simulation the loads can be equally balanced. The parameters
of this circuit are as following:
• R= 1 kohm.
• L= 200 uH.
• Vphase(RMS)= 400 V.
• Frequency=50 Hz.
Figure 1.1: Circuit under observation of Task 1
10
1.2.2 Voltage values:
In this section we used the block of voltage measurement to measure voltage of every phase and display it
on scope. A display block is used to observe the instantaneous voltage of the system. Also by using an RMS
block we can calculate the RMS voltage. This block calculates RMS voltage after one cycle is completed and
retains its value.
Figure 1.2: Instantaneous and RMS value of Voltage
11
1.2.3 Voltage waveform:
Here we have displayed the waveforms of every phase. The difference in phase between the three can be seen
easily. By using scale we can calculate Vpeak, Vpeak-peak and time period easily.
Figure 1.3: Per-phase voltage.
12
1.2.4 Current values:
In this section we used the block of current measurement to measure current of every phase and display it
on scope. A display block is used to observe the instantaneous current of the system. Also by using an RMS
block we can calculate the RMS curent. This block calculates RMS current after one cycle is completed and
retains its value.
Figure 1.4: Instantaneous and RMS value of Current
13
1.2.5 Current Waveform:
easily. By using scale we can calculate Ipeak, Ipeak-peak and time period easily.
Figure 1.5: Per-phase current.
14
1.2.6 Space vector:
The following diagram shows Vref which is used for space vector modulation of the system.
Figure 1.6: Space vector Vref observed.
15
1.2.7 Power Factor
To calculate the power factor we have used the values of Active power and Reactive power of every phase
and applied the following mathematical operation:
Q
powerf actor = cos(tan inv.( ))
P
Figure 1.7: Power factor measured for each phase
16
1.2.8 Active Power:
In order to calculate the active power of the system along with the total active power we have used the
PV block from SimScape’s power library. This block takes instantaneous value for voltage and current and
provides with a constant Active and Reactive power value. We can also use the rms value of voltage and
current directly in order to find Active power.
Figure 1.8: Active Power measured for each Phase aong with total power.
17
1.2.9 Reactive Power:
In order to calculate the reactive power of the system along with the total reactive power we have used the
current directly in order to find Rective power.
Figure 1.9: Reactive Power measuredfor each Phase along with total power.
18
1.2.10 Complex Power:
Complex power can be found using Active and Reactive power. We have done some mathematical operations
to calculate the complex power of the system. Following are the values of Apparant power of the system.
Since, we have used a low inductive load there is small difference between the real and apparant power of a
system.
Figure 1.10: Apparant power calculated from the Complex power.
19
1.2.11 Frequency spectrum of voltage of phase A
Figure 1.11: Frequency spectrum of Va.
20
1.2.12 Frequency spectrum of voltage of phase B
Figure 1.12: Frequency spectrum of Vb.
21
1.2.13 Frequency spectrum of voltage of phase C
Figure 1.13: Frequency spectrum of Vc.
22
1.2.14 Frequency spectrum of current of phase A
Figure 1.14: Frequency spectrum of Ia.
23
1.2.15 Frequency spectrum of current of phase B
Figure 1.15: Frequency spectrum of Ib.
24
1.2.16 Frequency spectrum of current of phase C
Figure 1.16: Frequency spectrum of Ic.
25
1.3 Task 2
1.3.1 Main Circuit
We hav formed a three-phase rectifierd system having resistive and inductive load. Also to minimize ripples
we have connected a parallel capacitor. The parameters of this circuit are as following:
• R= 1 kohm.
• L= 3.3 uH.
• C= 300uF.
Figure 1.17: Circuit under observation of Task2
26
retains its value.
27
28
retains its value.
29
30
1.3.6 Space vector:
31
1.3.7 Power Factor
Q
P
32
1.3.8 Active Power:
33
34
system.
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
1.4 Task 3
1.4.1 Main Circuit
We have formed a three-phase controlled rectifier having resistive and inductive load. PWM of delay pi/3
was used to control the timing of diodes. Here we have used a resistive and inductive load. A capacitor is
connected parallel to the load in order to remove ripples. The parameters of this circuit are as following:
• R= 1 kohm.
• L= 3.3 uH.
• C= 200 uF.
Figure 1.33: Circuit under observation of Task 3
42
retains its value.
43
44
retains its value.
45
46
1.4.6 Space vector:
47
1.4.7 Power Factor
Q
P
48
1.4.8 Active Power:
49
50
system.
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
1.5 Conclusion
In this report we made a three phase power analyzer circuit all on Matalb/Simulink Software Base. In task
1, we simply took a a three phase source and connected it with a linear load. Then measured and displayed
its all voltage and current parameters including Active reactive and complex power. In Task 2 we did the
same steps as in the previous task but this time added a three phase rectifier which resulted dc voltages
after the three phase source leading towards the inductive and resistive load. and again measured its all
parameters.Simlarly in Task we did the same thing but with controled rectifier. In all above tasks we also
tried to make the power factor unity by adding the power factor correction capcitor in our circuit.
In the end we compared and did the detailed analysis between the above graphs and readings of above all
three tasks. Which is actually the basic working principle of a Three Phase Power Analyzer.
1.6 Reference
Following reference was used forming this piece of document:
https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=mxVRJRYCi-QC&pg=RA2-PA78&dq=3+phase+power+analyzer&hl=en&sa=X&v
iJ3rAhVCQBoKHX1GAmEQ6AEwAXoECAQQAg#v=onepage&q=3%20phase%20power%20analyzer&f=false.
58

Three Phase Analysis.

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Three Phase Analysis.

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Department of Electrical Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology

Soban Ahmad Roll no. 2017-EE-86

15th August, 2020

In addition this work has not been submitted anywhere else.

1.1 Circuit under observation of Task 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 1.1: Circuit under observation of Task 1

Figure 1.2: Instantaneous and RMS value of Voltage

Figure 1.3: Per-phase voltage.

Figure 1.4: Instantaneous and RMS value of Current

Figure 1.5: Per-phase current.

Figure 1.6: Space vector Vref observed.

Figure 1.7: Power factor measured for each phase

Figure 1.10: Apparant power calculated from the Complex power.

Figure 1.11: Frequency spectrum of Va.

Figure 1.12: Frequency spectrum of Vb.

Figure 1.13: Frequency spectrum of Vc.

Figure 1.14: Frequency spectrum of Ia.

Figure 1.15: Frequency spectrum of Ib.

Figure 1.16: Frequency spectrum of Ic.

Figure 1.17: Circuit under observation of Task2

Figure 1.18: Instantaneous and RMS value of Voltage

Figure 1.19: Per-phase voltage.

Figure 1.20: Instantaneous and RMS value of Current

Figure 1.21: Per-phase current.

Figure 1.22: Space vector Vref observed.

Figure 1.23: Power factor measured for each phase

Figure 1.26: Apparant power calculated from the Complex power.

Figure 1.27: Frequency spectrum of Va.

Figure 1.28: Frequency spectrum of Vb.

Figure 1.29: Frequency spectrum of Vc.

Figure 1.30: Frequency spectrum of Ia.

Figure 1.31: Frequency spectrum of Ib.

Figure 1.32: Frequency spectrum of Ic.

Figure 1.33: Circuit under observation of Task 3

Figure 1.34: Instantaneous and RMS value of Voltage

Figure 1.35: Per-phase voltage.

Figure 1.36: Instantaneous and RMS value of Current

Figure 1.37: Per-phase current.

Figure 1.38: Space vector Vref observed.

Figure 1.39: Power factor measured for each phase

Figure 1.42: Apparant power calculated from the Complex power.

Figure 1.43: Frequency spectrum of Va.

Figure 1.44: Frequency spectrum of Vb.

Figure 1.45: Frequency spectrum of Vc.

Figure 1.46: Frequency spectrum of Ia.

Figure 1.47: Frequency spectrum of Ib.

Figure 1.48: Frequency spectrum of Ic.

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