GAS LAW PROPONEN STATEMENT MATHEMATICAL VARIABLES GRAPH EQUATION DERIVED REAL-LIFE
T EXPRESSION AND THEIR EQUATION APPLICATION
RELATIONSHIP
BIKE PUMP- When the
PV handle is pushed down, the V 1= 2 2 pressure increases P1 momentarily as the gas Pressure is inside compresses. And the P2 V 2 indirectly 1 Volume & P 1= pressurized gas is pushed BOYLE’S LAW Robert Boyle proportional to V∝ Pressure are P1 V 1=P2 V 2 V1 P inside a tire. Volume, at At constant T & n Indirectly AIR BUBBLES- The air constant Proportional P1 V 1 bubbles expand as they Temperature V 2= ascend in water. As bubbles P2 rise, the pressure also decreases. And according to P1 V 1 P 2= Boyle's law, the air bubbles V2 expand. HOT AIR BALLOON- As the temperature of the air increases, the volume of the air also increases and consequently, the density V 2T 1 decreases. This makes the V 1= envelope lighter than the T2 atmospheric air surrounding Volume is it. The buoyant force V 1T 2 directly Volume & V1 V2 V 2= pushes the lighter envelope CHARLES’ LAW Jacques proportional to V ∝T Temperature are = T1 up in the air, and it flies. T 1 T2 Charles Absolute At constant P Directly HELIUM BALLOON- Temperature, at Proportional V1T2 experience expansion and constant T 1= contraction with change in V2 Pressure surrounding temperature. If V 2T 1 you take a balloon out in a T 2= snowy day, it crumbles. V1 When the same balloon is brought back to a warm room, it regains its original shape. GUN BULLET- When the bullet from a gun is ignited, the chemical energy stored PT in the shell of the bullet is P 1= 2 1 converted into heat by T2 chemical reactions. This Pressure is heat increases the P1 T 2 directly Pressure & P 1 P2 P 2= temperature which as per GAY-LUSSAC’S Joseph Louis proportional to P ∝T Temperature are = T1 Gay-Lussac's law increases T1 T 2 LAW Gay-Lussac Absolute At constant V Directly the pressure. Because of Temperature, at Proportional P1 T 2 the high pressure, the bullet constant Volume T 1= is fired from the gun. P2 PRESSURE COOKER- When a pressure cooker is kept on a P2 T 1 heating source (stove). As T 2= P1 per Gay-Lussac's law, the pressure of the fluid in the cooker increases with the rising of the temperature. COMBINED Pressure & kT Volume, REFRIGERATOR- They apply GAS LAW Volume are V∝ P2 V 2 T 1 P1the V 1 Tcombined P P 1= P2 = 2 gas law when directly P1V 1 P2V 2 T2 V 1 Tthey V 1 2 remove heat from proportional to Or = their systems. The process T1 T2 Absolute PV T P ofV refrigeration T2 starts when Temperature, PV V 1= 2 2 1 V 2= 1the1 compressed gas stored k∝ T 2 P1 T1 P2 but indirectly T in refrigerator coils proportional to P1 V 1 T 2 P2 expands. V 2 T 1 This in turn lowers each other T 1= T 2= the temperature of the gas P2 V 2 P1 V 1 and transfers heat energy from the coil material to the gas. As gas is pumped through the coils, its pressure compresses the heat energy. This raises the temperature of the gas. Heat is released through the coils into the outside air, which in turn allows the refrigerator to stay cool. The cycle repeats when compressed gas is pumped through the system again. IDEAL GAS LAW Volume is Volume is nRT directly P= V proportional to PV =nRT PV =nRT nRT Absolute V= P Temperature & PV PV Number of T= n= Moles, but nR RT indirectly proportional to Pressure AVOGADRO’S Lorenzo Volume is V ∝n Volume & LAW Romano directly At constant T & P Number of Moles V1 V2 V 2 n1 V n Amedeo proportional to are Directly = V 1= V 2= 1 2 n1 n2 n2 n1 Carlo Number of Proportional Avogadro Moles, V 1 n2 V n At constant n1 = n2 = 2 1 Temperature & V2 V1 Pressure