Energy Conversion II

Experiment No.01

Aim: Evaluating performance Parameters of Multi cylinder 4-stroke

Petrol engine

Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur.

 Energy Conversion II

AIM: Evaluating performance Parameters of Multi cylinder 4-stroke Petrol engine

OBJECTIVES:
 To understand need of determining various performance parameters of engine
 To identify various performance parameters of S I engine
 To understand various methods to find the performance parameters.

DISCRIPTION OF APPARATUS:
 The setup consists of three cylinder, four stroke petrol (MPFI) engine connected to
hydraulic dynamometer for engine loading.
 Independent panel box consisting of air box, fuel tank, manometer, fuel measuring unit,
digital speed indicator and digital temperature indicator( to indicate inlet and outlet
temperature of Engine jacket and calorimeter)
 Rotameters are provided for cooling water flow measurement through engine jackets and
calorimeter.
 The setup enables study of engine for brake power, BMEP, brake thermal efficiency,
volumetric efficiency, specific fuel consumption, air fuel ratio.

SPECIFICATION
Table 5.1: Specification of three cylinder 4-stroke Petrol Engine
Sr.
Name of Apparatus Rating/Type/Material Quantity
No.
Make Maruti, Model Maruti 800, Type 3
Cylinder, 4 Stroke, Petrol (MPFI), water
1 Engine cooled, Power 27.6Kw at 5000 rpm, Torque 1
59 NM at 2500rpm,stroke 72 mm,
bore 66.5mm, 796 cc, CR 9.2
Type -Hydraulic , Dynamometer length
2 Dynamometer 1
0.187m
Make Apex, Model MX-104, Range 100-0-
3 Manometer 100 mm, Type U tube, 1

4 Temperature Sensor Thermocouple, Type K

Digital, multi channel with selector switch
5 Temperature indicator
6 Rotameter Make Eureka Model PG 5, Range 25-250 2
LPH,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur.

 Energy Conversion II

Calorimeter
7 Type Pipe in pipe 1
Air box M S fabricated with orifice meter and
8 1
manometer
Capacity 15 lit with glass fuel metering
9 Fuel tank 1
column
10 Pump Centrifugal pump , 1HP , Head 20m 1
Load indicator Digital, Range 0-50 Kg,
11 Load indicator 1
Supply 230VAC
Make Exide, Model MHD 350 06687, 12 V
12 Battery 1
DC

Figure 5.1: Arrangement of Multi cylinder 4-Stroke Petrol Engine

THEORY:
 Engine performance is an indication of the degree of success with which it does its
assigned job, conversation of chemical energy contained in the fuel in to the useful
mechanical work.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur.

 Energy Conversion II

1. Indicated power: The total power developed by combustion of fuel in the combustion
chamber is called as indicated power. (I.P).
2. Brake power: The brake power is the useful power available at the crank shaft (or) clutch
shaft. The brake power is less than the Indicated power since it takes into account various
losses
3. Frictional power: The difference between IP& BP is called frictional power.
4. Specific fuel consumption: It is the mass of fuel consumed per kilowatt power developed
per hour. It is a measure of how efficiently the fuel supplied to the engine is used to
produce the power i.e. it is a criterion of economical power production.
5. Mechanical efficiency is a ratio of Brake power to the Indicated power (80 to 90%)
whereas Thermal efficiency it is a ratio of power produced to the energy in the fuel
burned to produce this energy.
6. Volumetric efficiency: It is defined as the ratio of volume of the air induced in cylinder to
the swept volume of the cylinder (70-80%).

PRECAUTIONS:
1) Ensure continuous supply of cooling water to engine & dynamometer
2) Use clean and filtered water; any suspended particle may clog the piping.
3) Ensure level of oil in engine
4) Circulate dynamometer cooling water for some time after shutting down engine

PROCEDURE:

1) Start the water supply and see that water is flowing through engine jacket, dynamometer &
Exhaust gas calorimeter
2) Set the dynamometer to zero load and run the engine till it attain the working temperature and
steady state condition.
3) If required, adjust the fuel supply in order to bring the engine to the desired test speed.
4) Open burette filling cock, take sufficient diesel in burette and close the cock.
5) Turn the selector cock to burette position and note down the time required to consume 20 ml
fuel with the help of stop watch.
6) Record the readings for zero loads as per the observation table i.e. speed of the engine, room
Temperature, Volume of fuel consumed, Manometer readings, Air flow rate.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur.

 Energy Conversion II

7) Gradually increase the load on the engine (20% of full load) by rotating dynamometer loading
Unit, wait for steady state (for @ 3 minutes) and repeat the steps given at serial no 5 and 6
8) Follow the same procedure for 30%, 40% and 50% of full load (full load 25kg)
9) Disengage the dynamometer and stop the engine.
10) Do the necessary calculation
11) Plot following graphs
i. B.S.F.C Vs B.P.
ii. Brake thermal efficiency Vs B.P.

Brake power Vs Load graph Fuel flow Vs Load graph

6 2

5
Brake power (kW)

Fuel flow (kg/h)

4

3 1

0 0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 0 3 6 9 12 15 18
Load (kg) Load (kg)

BSFC Vs Load graph Volumetric Effn. Vs Load graph

1.0 100

0.8
Volumetric Effn (%)
BSFC (kg/kWh)

0.6
90
0.4

0.2
80
0.0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18
0 3 6 9 12 15 18
Load (kg)
Load (kg)

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Given Data
Orifice diameter (m) 0.016
Dynamo. arm length (m) 0.2
Coefficient of discharge for Orifice, Cd 0.6
Ambient temperature (ᵒ C) 30
Cylinder diameter (m),D 0.069

Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur.

 Energy Conversion II

Stroke(m),L 0.073
No of cylinders 3
No. Of rev./cycle 2
Fuel Calorific value (KJ/kg) 44000
Density of fuel (Kg/m3) 740

Sr Load in N Speed in Manometric Time for 20 ml of

No (W) RPM reading Fuel
(W in kg x 9.81) (N) (h2-h1) Consumed in sec (t)
(mm)

CALCULATIONS:-

1. Brake Power (B.P) = 2πNT/60000

Where,
B.P. in KW
N = Speed in rpm
Torque (T) = WxL
Where,
W = Load in N & L = Length of Dynamometer arm
2. Fuel Consumption (mf in kg/sec) = ρ x v / t
Where,
ρ – Density of fuel in kg/m3 and v – Volume of fuel =20ml
t= time for consumption of 20mml of fuel
3. Brake Mean Effective pressure (B.E.P)
B.P = Pmb x LANKn x 10/6
Where,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur.

 Energy Conversion II

B.P. in KW
Pmb = Brake mean Effective pressure in Bar
L = Stroke length in m
A = Area of cylinder in m2
n = No. of Cylinder
K = ½ for 4 stroke and 1 for 2 stroke
4. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (B.S.F.C) = mf x 3600/BP
Where,
mf = Mass of fuel
5. Brake Thermal Efficiency = BP/ (mf x C.V.)
Where
C.V.=Calorific value of fuel

6. Air Fuel Ratio (A/F) = ma / mf

Where,
ρa – Density of Air
V- Volumetric flow of orifice meter ¿ C d a × √ 2 g H a
a- Area of Orifice = (π/4) d2
d- Diameter of orifice
Ha=Air head in meter
= (ρw / ρa ) x Hw
ρw = Density of water =1000 kg/m3
ρa = Density of Air in kg/m3 (Calculated from general gas equation PV=RT= P/ρa)
ρa = P/RT , Where P- Atmospheric pressure=1.01325 x 105 N/m2
R- Characteristic Gas constant for Air =0.287 KJ/kg-K
T-Atmospheric temperature in K
7. Volumetric Efficiency (ηv) = V/Vs
Where,
V- Volumetric flow rate of air through orifice meter in m3/sec
π 2
Vs = Swept volume = D x Lx n x K x N/60
4
L-Stroke Length

Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur.

 Energy Conversion II

n- No of cylinder
N-RPM of engine
K- ½ for 4 stroke and 1 for 2 stroke
RESULT: Various performance parameters of 4-stroke Petrol engine are found as
1) The brake Thermal efficiency is found out to be -------------------------------
2) The Volumetric efficiency is found out to be -----------------------------------

CONCLUSIONS:-

VIVA QUESTION:

1. Why power developed by 2-stroke engine is more than 4-stroke engine ?

2. What do you mean by cubic capacity of engine ?
3. What happened in power stroke?
4. What is role of carburetor in IC Engine

REFERENCES:
i. nptl link: (IIT Guwahati)
http://www.iitg.ernet.in/scifac/qip/public_html/cd_cell/chapters/uk_saha_internal_co
mbustion_engine/qip-ice-06-valve%20timing%20diagrams.pdf
ii. http://www.ignou.ac.in/upload/unit-7.pdf (IIT Guwahati)
iii. Internal Combustion Engine by V.Ganesan , McGraw Hills publication third edition

Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur.