Design Notes-Retaining Wall-PCC Wall 2m Height

Aizawal-Tuipang (NH-54)-Pkg 6
Widening and Upgradation to 2 lane with paved shoulder configuration and geometric improvements from km
250.000 to km 298.000 on Aizawl-Tuipang section of NH-54 in the state of Mizoram on EPC mode with Jica loan
assistance.
Design Notes-Retaining Wall
Design Consultants: January 2020

SPS Technocrats Pvt. Ltd.
#5-6, G-6, Sector-D, Pocket-6, Vasant kunj, New Delhi-70
Phone: +91-011-49071599; email: abk.sps@gmail.com
CONTENTS
Sr. No. Contents Page No.

1 PCC Retaining Wall 1-10
a) Height -2m 1-2
b) Height -3m 3-4
c) Height -4m 5-6
d) Height -5m 7-8
e) Height -6m 9-10
2 RCC Retaining Wall 11-112
a) Height -5m 11-28
b) Height -6m 29-45
c) Height -7m 46-64
d) Height -8m 65-80
e) Height -9m 81-96
f) Height -10m 97-112
RETAINING WALL - 2 M
DATA α 90 Deg
β 0 Deg Total Ht 2000
Ø 35 Deg 500 Road Level
δ 22.5 Deg 1000
µ 0.5
Unit Weight(Backfill Soil) 20 kN/m^3
Total Height(toe) 2 m
SBC 100 kN/m^2
Assuming a surcharge of 1.2m of Soil above retaining wall as per IRC 6:2017
Height 1.2 m
Unit Weight(Plum Concrete) 25 kN/m^3
Grade of Concrete M 20 WITH PLUM
Earth Pressure Coefficient Calculation
Ф (Angle of Internal Friction) 35.0 Deg

δ 22.5 Deg
β 0.0 Deg
α 90.0 Deg 450 350
i 0.0 Deg
Ka 0.244 1000
1260
5
1300
Calculation Of forces and Moment about toe due to Self weight 100mm THK PCC
WEIGHT (kN) M toe (kNm)

Factor Height (mm) WIDTH (mm) AREA (m²)
25 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 500 0.5 12.5 0.7 8.750
1 1000 1300 1.3 32.5 0.65 21.13
0.5 260 1300 0.17 4.225 0.867 3.662
Total. 49.23 Total. 33.54
Calculation Of forces and Moment about toe due to Earth backfill
Factor Height (mm) WIDTH (mm) AREA (m²) WEIGHT (kN) M toe (kNm)
20 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 350 0.35 7 1.125 7.875
Total. 7 Total. 7.875
Calculation Of forces and Moment about toe due to Parapet wall

SL No Height (mm) WIDTH (mm) AREA (m²)
25 Lever arm Moment
1 0.6 0.45 0.27 6.75 0.70 4.725
Lateral Earth pressure
Pa ½*Ka*γ*h² 9.779 kN/m
Ph 9.035 kN/m
Pv 0 kN/m
Overturning Moment 7.589 kNm/m
Horizontal pressure due to Live Load Surcharge as per IRC 6: 2017
Pressure due to Surcharge 5.867 kN/m
Horizontal Force acting due to

surcharge 10.842 kN/m
Moment about Base 10.842 kNm/m
SPS TECHNOCRATS PVT LIMITED 1

Summary of all forces
Sl No. Description V (kN) H (kN) Moment
1 Self weight about toe 55.975 38.262

2 Backfill weight about toe 7 7.875
3 Live load 10.842 -10.842
0
4 Earth pressure 9.035 -7.589
Calculations for e
X 0.440
e 0.210
B/6 0.217 e<B/6,Safe
Minimum and Maximum soil pressure
Pmax( Base pressure at toe) 95.404 kN/m²
Pmin ( Base pressure at heel) 1.481 kN/m²
SBC 100 Safe in Bearing Pressure
Stability against overturning
M overturning 18.431 kNm/m
M restoring 46.137 kNm/m
FOS 2.503 >2 and safe
Stability against sliding

Sliding force 19.876 kN
Resisting Force 31.488 kN
FOS 1.584 >1.5 and Safe
Stress Check
1 Self weight 12.50

2 Backfill weight 0.00
3 Live load 5.42 2.71
4 Earth pressure 2.26 0.95
12.50 7.68 3.66
Permissible Stresses
Check for Tension 0.0018 Mpa SAFE 1.1 Mpa
Check for Compression 0.005 Mpa SAFE 5.4 Mpa

DATA α 90 Deg
δ 22.5 Deg 1000
µ 0.5 350
Unit Weight(Backfill Soil) 20 kN/m^3 1000
Total Height(toe) 3 m
SBC 130 kN/m^2
Height 1.2 m

δ 22.5 Deg
β 0.0 Deg
α 90.0 Deg 500 500
i 0.0 Deg
Ka 0.244 1000
1370
5
1850

25 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 500 0.5 12.5 0.75 9.375
1 1000 850 0.85 21.25 0.925 19.656
1 1000 1850 1.85 46.25 0.925 42.781
1 370 1850 0.342 8.55 1.233 10.542
20 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 850 0.85 17 1.425 24.225
1 1000 500 0.50 10 1.600 16

25 Lever arm Moment
1 0.6 0.45 0.27 6.75 0.75 5.0625
Pa ½*Ka*γ*h² 22.003 kN/m
Ph 20.328 kN/m
Pv 0 kN/m



3 Live load 16.262 -24.394
0
Calculations for e
X 0.635
e 0.290
B/6 0.308 e<B/6,Safe

Stress Check
1 Self weight 33.75

3 Live load 10.84 10.84
40.75 19.88 18.43

DATA α 90 Deg
δ 22.5 Deg 1000
µ 0.5 350
Total Height(toe) 4 m 400
SBC 180 kN/m^2 1000
Height 1.2 m

δ 22.5 Deg
β 0.0 Deg
α 90.0 Deg 500 600
i 0.0 Deg
Ka 0.244 1000
1470
5
2350

25 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 500 0.5 12.5 0.75 9.375
1 1000 850 0.85 21.25 0.925 19.656
1 1000 1250 1.25 31.25 1.125 35.156
1 1000 2350 2.35 58.75 1.175 69.031
0.5 470 2350 0.552 13.806 1.567 21.630
Total. 137.56 Total. 154.85
20 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 1350 1.35 27 1.675 45.225
1 1000 1000 1.00 20 1.850 37
1 1000 600 0.60 12 2.050 24.6

25 Lever arm Moment
1 0.6 0.45 0.27 6.75 0.75 5.0625
Pa ½*Ka*γ*h² 39.116 kN/m
Ph 36.139 kN/m
Pv 0 kN/m



3 Live load 21.683 -43.366
0
Calculations for e
X 0.800
e 0.375
B/6 0.392 e<B/6,Safe

Stress Check
1 Self weight 65.00

3 Live load 16.26 24.39
88.00 36.59 50.01

DATA α 90 Deg
δ 22.5 Deg 1000
µ 0.5 350
SBC 210 kN/m^2 1000
Assuming a surcharge of 1.2m of Soil above retaining wall as per IRC 6:2017 400
Height 1.2 m 1000

δ 22.5 Deg
β 0.0 Deg
α 90.0 Deg 650 450
i 0.0 Deg
Ka 0.244 1000
1550
5
2750

25 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 500 0.5 12.5 0.9 11.250
1 1000 850 0.85 21.25 1.075 22.84
1 1000 1250 1.25 31.25 1.275 39.84
1 1000 1650 1.65 41.25 1.475 60.84
1 1000 2750 2.75 68.75 1.375 94.5
0.5 550 2750 0.756 18.906 1.833 34.66
Total. 193.91 Total. 263.97
20 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 1600 1.60 32 1.950 62.4
1 1000 1250 1.25 25 2.125 53.125
1 1000 850 0.85 17 2.325 39.525

25 Lever arm Moment
1 0.6 0.45 0.27 6.75 0.9 6.075
Pa ½*Ka*γ*h² 61.119 kN/m
Ph 56.467 kN/m
Pv 0 kN/m



3 Live load 27.104 -67.760
0
283.656 83.571 261.484
Calculations for e
X 0.922
e 0.453
B/6 0.458 e<B/6,Safe
Soil pressure is compressive for length

Stress Check
1 Self weight 106.25

3 Live load 21.68 43.37
153.25 57.82 104.08

DATA α 90 Deg
δ 22.5 Deg 1000
µ 0.5 350
SBC 250 kN/m^2 1000
Assuming a surcharge of 1.2m of Soil above retaining wall as per IRC 6:2017 400
Height 1.2 m 1000
Unit Weight(Plum Concrete) 25 kN/m^3 450
Grade of Concrete M 20 WITH PLUM 1000

δ 22.5 Deg
β 0.0 Deg
α 90.0 Deg 650 500
i 0.0 Deg
Ka 0.244 1000
1650
5
3250

25 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 500 0.5 12.5 0.9 11.250
1 1000 850 0.85 21.25 1.075 22.84
1 1000 1250 1.25 31.25 1.275 39.844
1 1000 1650 1.65 41.25 1.475 60.84
1 1000 2100 2.1 52.5 1.7 89.250
1 1000 3250 3.25 81.25 1.625 132.0
0.5 650 3250 1.056 26.406 2.167 57.21
Total. 266.41 Total. 413.28
20 Lever arm Moment
1 1000 2100 2.10 42 2.200 92.4
1 1000 1750 1.75 35 2.375 83.125
1 1000 1350 1.35 27 2.575 69.525
1 1000 950 0.95 19 2.775 52.725
1 1000 500 0.50 10 3.000 30

25 Lever arm Moment
1 0.6 0.45 0.27 6.75 0.9 6.075
Pa ½*Ka*γ*h² 88.012 kN/m
Ph 81.312 kN/m
Pv 0 kN/m



3 Live load 32.525 -97.575
0
Calculations for e
X 1.095
e 0.530
B/6 0.542 e<B/6,Safe
Soil pressure is compressive for length

Stress Check
1 Self weight 158.75

3 Live load 27.10 67.76
241.75 83.57 186.34

Design of retaining wall:
Height of retaining wall from GL = 3.5 m

0.3
0.6
3.5
6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.9 5
5 1.5
0.3 8 1 3 0.3
0.3 7 0.3
2 4
2.9 0.6 1.3

4.8
3
Density of Concrete = 2.5 t/m
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Grade of Reinforcement = Fe 500
2
Safe Bearing capacity = 15 t/m
SPS TECHNOCRATS PVT LTD 11

Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 2.9 0.3 1.09 -2.87 -3.12 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 2.9 0.3 2.18 -3.35 -7.29
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.3 0.3 0.49 -0.87 -0.42
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1.3 0.3 0.98 -0.65 -0.63
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 0.3 4.4 1.65 -1.70 -2.81
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 5 3.75 -1.45 -5.44
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 0.6 0.6 0.90 -1.60 -1.44 Longitudinal
Total 11.03 -21.14 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 2.9 0.3 0.87 -3.83 -3.34
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 2.9 4.4 25.52 -3.35 -85.49
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 0.3 4.4 1.32 -1.80 -2.38
Total 27.71 -91.20
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
13 Live load surcharge 1 3.2 1.2 7.68 -3.2 -24.58
Total 7.68 -24.58
Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 30 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 20 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 86.10 °
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m3

Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure
Ka = 0.33
LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.326x2x5
2
= 3.26 t/m
F1 = 1/2x3.26x5xCOS(23.9)
= 7.46 5
Lever arm from base = 5x0.42 F1

= 2.1
Total Earth pressure FE = 7.46 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 7.46X2.1 p1
= 15.66 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level
Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.326x2.4
= 0.78 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 0.78 x 5 x Cos(23.9) F1 5
= 3.58
Lever arm from base = 2.5 m
Total surcharge pressure FL = 3.58 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 3.58X2.5
= 8.95 tm/m Foundation level
p1

Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 11.03 - -21.14
Backfill weight about toe 27.71 - -91.20
Live load surcharge vertical 7.68 - -24.58
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 3.58 8.95
Earth Pressure - 7.46 15.66
Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 11.03 - -21.14 1 11.03 - -21.14
2 Backfill weight 27.71 - -91.20 1 27.71 - -91.20
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 7.68 - -24.58 1 7.68 - -24.58
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.58 8.95 1 - 3.58 8.95
4 Earth pressure - 7.46 15.66 1 - 7.46 15.66
Total 46.415 11.0 -112.3 46.4 11.0 -112.3
Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 46.4 t/m
M = -112.3 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.42 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = 0.02 m
L (base width) = 4.8 m
Base pressure at toe = 9.91 t/m2 < 15 t/m2 OK
Base pressure at heel = 9.43 t/m2

Check for overturning and sliding:
Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 11.03 - -21.14 - 0.90
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 27.71 - -91.20 - 0.90
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 7.68 - -24.58 - 0.00
Overturni (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.58 8.95 1.20 -
ng 4 Earth pressure - 7.46 15.66 1.50 -
Total 46.415 11.0 -112.3
Factored Moment(tm/m) 34.23 101.11
Check Against over-turning :
FOS overturning = 2.95 > 1 OK
Check Against Sliding Force :
Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 15.48
Restoring Force m *S V = 17.43
FOS|sliding = 1.01 > 1 OK
Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 11.03 - -21.14 1.35 14.88 - -28.54
2 Backfill weight 27.71 - -91.20 1.5 41.57 - -136.80
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 7.68 - -24.58 1.2 9.22 - -29.49
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.58 8.95 1.2 - 4.30 10.74
4 Earth pressure - 7.46 15.66 1.5 - 11.19 23.49
Total 46.415 11.0 -112.3 65.7 15.5 -160.6

V = 65.7 t/m
M = -160.6 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -2.45 m
eL = 0.05 m
L (base width ) = 4.8 m
2
Base pressure at toe = 14.46 t/m
2
Base pressure at heel = 12.90 t/m
2.9 1.3
0.6
A B C D
12.90
14.46
13.84
14.04
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.75 1.50 1.5 0.75 1.35 1.01 2.03 2.03 1.01
Due to earth weight 9.40 8.80 0 0.00 1.5 14.10 13.20 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 12.55 12.70 1.50 0.75 17.99 18.11 2.03 1.01

Net base pressure diagram:
S
deff
5.10 0.519
4.26
12.01
13.45
12.59
S
Bending moment at toe = 10.96 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 20.26 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 10.17 t/m
Shear force at heel = 13.57 t/m
For SLS:
For rare combinations:
1 Self weight 11.03 - -21.14 1 11.03 - -21.14
2 Backfill weight 27.71 - -91.20 1 27.71 - -91.20
4 Earth pressure - 7.46 15.66 1 - 7.46 15.66
Total 46.415 11.0 -112.3 44.9 10.3 -109.2

V = 44.9 t/m
M = -109.2 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -2.43 m
eL = 0.033 m
L = base width = 4.8 m
Base pressure at toe = 9.73 t/m2

Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
Due to base slab 0.75 1.50 1.5 0.75 1 0.75 1.50 1.50 0.75
Due to earth weight 9.40 8.80 0 0.00 1 9.40 8.80 0.00 0.00
Total 12.55 12.70 1.5 0.75 12.07 12.22 1.5 0.75
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 8.97 9.43 9.53 9.73
3.10 2.79 1.3
2.9
8.03 8.98

For Quasi combination:

1 Self weight 11.03 - -21.14 1 11.03 - -21.14
2 Backfill weight 27.71 - -91.20 1 27.71 - -91.20
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 7.68 - -24.58 0 0.00 - 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 7.46 15.66 1 - 7.46 15.66
Total 46.415 11.0 -112.3 38.7 7.5 -96.7

V = 38.7 t/m
M = -96.7 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -2.50 m
eL = 0.10 m
Base pressure at toe = 9.04 t/m2

Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.75 1.50 1.5 0.75
Due to earth weight 1 9.40 8.80 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 10.15 10.30 1.5 0.75

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 7.10 8.27 8.51 9.04
3.05 2.03
1.3
2.9
7.01 8.29


Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 10.17 10.96
Heel 13.57 20.26
2 For rare comb. Toe - 7.32
Heel - 12.61
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 6.64
Heel - 11.39
Calculation of forces for design of stem:
0.3
0.6
2.029
4.4
5
1
0.52
deff
2.63
0.6
2.98 0.78
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)

Description Lever arm Load Factored
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 3.45 2.20 1.2 4.13 9.10
Due to earth pressure - 5.78 1.85 1.5 8.66 16.01
Total 0 9.22 12.80 25.11
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)

Due to live load surcharge - 3.45 2.20 0.8 6.06 - 3.45 2.2 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 5.78 1.47 1 8.47 - 5.78 1.47 1 8.47
Total 0 9.22 14.53 0 9.22 8.47

Design of elements of Retaining wall:
Check for bending moment:
Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
fyk = 500
fck = 30
fcm = 40
euk = 0.0045
eud = 0.0041
ecu2 = 0.0035
xumax/d = 0.464
xu = 0.87fyAst/0.362fckb

At Toe:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
Overall depth = 600 mm
Effective depth = 519 mm
xumax = 240.60 mm
xu = 38.38 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 10.962 tm/m

Ast required = 778.50 mm2/m
Providing 12 f@ 200 mm c/c
10 f@ 200 mm c/c
Ast provided = 958.19 mm2/m OK

Distribution steel: Ast required = Max 250
0.2Ast prov. (main steel)
Providing 8 mm @ 200 mm c/c
At Heel:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 239.67 mm
xu = 62.92 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 20.261 tm/m

2
Ast required = 948.96831 mm /m
12 f@ 200 mm c/c
2
Ast provided = 1570.80 mm /m OK

At Stem:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 239.67 mm
xu = 62.92 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 25.106 tm/m

2
12 f@ 200 mm c/c
2


Reinforcement on the other face of wall of stem:
Check for shear force:

Reduction in design shear force:
av = 0.5d
Reduction factor(b 1) = av/2d
VRdc = Max [0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bwd IRC:112-Clause no. 10.3.2.(2)
(vmin+0.15scp)bwd
K = Min 1+ √200/d
2
r1 = Min Asl/bwd IRC:112-Clause no. 10.3.2.(2)
0.02
vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
VEd ≤ 0.5bwdvfcd
v = 0.6[1-fck/310]
fcd = afck/gm
scp = 0
b = 1000 mm
Member S.F. doverall deffective b1 S.F.design K r1 vmin. v vRdc fcd vEd Check
Toe 10.17 480.2308 400.23077 0.25 2.542 1.71 0.0024 0.379 0.542 15.15 13.4 2.542 OK
Heel 13.57 600 519 0.25 3.392 1.62 0.0030 0.350 0.542 18.18 13.4 3.392 OK
Stem 12.80 564.75 483.75 0.25 3.199 1.64 0.0032 0.358 0.542 17.30 13.4 3.199 OK

Check for Stresses:
Permissible compressive stress in concrete: (Rare) = 0.48fck = 14.4 N/mm2
(Quasi) = 0.36fck = 10.8 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress in steel = 0.8fy = 400 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete:
2
For short term loading Ecm = 31186.5745 N/mm
Calculation of creep co-efficient:
Creep coefficient = f = f0b c(t,t0)
f0 = fRHb(fcm)b(t0)
fRH = 1+ [(1-RH/100)/0.1(h0)1/3]
RH = Relative humidity of the ambient environment in percent
= 45 %
h0 = 2AC/u
b(fcm) = 18.78/(fcm)1/2
b(t0) = 1/0.1+ t00.20
bH = Min. 1.5[1+(0.012RH)18]h0+250a3 for fcm ≥ 35
1500a3
b c(t,t0) = [(t-to)/b H+(t-t0)]0.3
a3 = [43.75/fcm]0.5
Member t (yrs) t0 (days) h0 (mm) fRH b(fcm) b(t0) a3 bH b c(t,t0) f0 f
Toe 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Heel 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Stem 50 28 1200 1.52 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 2.20 2.15
2
For long term loading Ecm' = 12914.3 N/mm for founding level ( Toe and Heel)
2
= 9909.3 N/mm for stem
Modulus of elasticity of steel:
2
= ES 200000 N/mm
Modular ratio for QP Combination (m) = Es / Ecm
Equivalent Modulus of Elasticity for Rare Combination :
Ec,eq = Ecm(MQP+MST)
MST +(1+f)MQP
Modular ratio for Rare Combination (m) = Es/ Ec,eq

Formula used for calculation of stress
dc (depth of neutral axis) = -mAs+√(m2As2+2mAsbd)
b
Moment of inertia about N.A. INA = bdc3/3 + m As (d-dc)2
Compressive stress in concrete sc = MRARE dc / INA
Tensile stress in steel ss = m MRARE(d - dc ) / INA
b = 1000 mm
Check for stresses:
Ast provided sc ss
Combinati Moment MST deffective (mm2) m dc (mm) INA (mm4) (N/mm2) Check (N/mm2) Check
Member on (tm/m) (tm/m) (mm) mm2/m t/mm3 t/mm3
Toe RARE 7.32 0.68 519 958.19 14.65 107.48 2.79E+09 2.82 OK 158.15 OK
QP 6.64 519 958.19 6.41 73.96 1.35E+09 3.63 OK 140.28 OK
Heel RARE 12.61 1.22 517 1570.80 14.61 132.78 4.17E+09 4.02 OK 169.87 OK
QP 11.39 517 1570.80 6.41 92.48 2.08E+09 5.07 OK 149.15 OK
Stem RARE 14.53 6.06 517 1570.80 14.44 132.13 4.13E+09 4.65 OK 195.65 OK
QP 8.47 517 1570.80 6.41 92.48 2.08E+09 3.77 OK 110.92 OK
Check for Crack Width:
Quasi permanent load combination:
Minimum reinforcement for crack width:
Asmin = kckfct,effAct/ss IRC:112-Clause no. 12.3.3.(2)
kc = 0.4[1-(sc/k1(h/h*)fct,eff]
fct,eff = Maximum of fctm or 2.9 Mpa
fctm = 0.259(fck)2/3 For fck ≤ 60 MPa
= 2.27ln[1+(fcm/12.5)] For fck > 60 MPa
Act = bh/2
ss = fyk
Check for crack width:

For quasi permanent combination:
Act Ast provided As min h k
Member b (mm) h (mm) kc k fct,eff 2
(mm /m) ss 2
(mm /m) (mm2/m) Check 0.3 1
Toe 1000 600 0.4 0.79 2.9 300 500 958.19 549.84 OK 0.8 0.65
Heel 1000 600 0.4 0.79 2.9 300 500 1570.80 549.84 OK 3 0.65
Stem 1000 600 0.4 0.79 2.9 300 500 1570.80 549.84 OK

Calculation of crack width:
Wk = Sr,max(esm-ecm) IRC:112-Clause no. 12.3.4.(1)
esm-ecm = [ssc-kt(1+aerp,eff)(fct,eff/rp,eff)]/Es IRC:112-Clause no. 12.3.4.(2)
Es = 200000 N/mm2
ae = ES/Ecm
rr,eff = AS/Ac,eff
hc,ef = Min 2.5 ( h - d )
( h - x/3 )
h/2
Ac,eff = bhc,eff
esm-ecm = Max [ssc-kt(1+aerp,eff)(fct,eff/rp,eff)]/Es IRC:112-Clause no. 12.3.4.(2)
0.6ssc/Es
Bar dia feq = n1f12+n2f22
n1f1+n2f2
Spacing between bars < 5 (c +feq/2)
Sr,max = 3.4c+(0.17f/rr,eff)
kt = 0.5
Member h deff x Ast provided hc,eff f rp,eff Sr,max ssc ae es-ecm Wk Check
Toe 600 519 73.96 958.19 202.5 11.09 0.0047 653.47 140.28 15.49 0.00042 0.28 OK
Heel 600 517 92.48 1570.80 207.5 14.29 0.0076 575.81 149.15 15.49 0.00045 0.26 OK
Stem 600 517 92.48 1570.80 207.5 14.29 0.0076 575.81 110.92 20.18 0.00033 0.19 OK
Check for Bending moment at section considered at a height 1 m from bottom of stem.
Total 0 6.11 12.82
Overall depth = 531.82 mm
Effective depth = 448.82 mm
Ast provided = 1005.31 OK

Height of retaining wall from GL = 4m

0.3
0.6
4
6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
1.3 6
5 2
0.4 8 1 3 0.4
0.3 7 0.3
2 4
3.4 0.7 1.4

5.5
3
2

C.G. from
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 5.9 4.43 -1.55 -6.86
Total 14.30 -30.44 (+ve)
C.G. from
Total 39.52 -147.06
C.G. from
Total 9.12 -32.83


Ka = 0.33

2
= 3.95 t/m
F1 = 1/2x3.95x6xCOS(24.316)
= 10.81 6

= 2.52

= 27.24 tm/m

= 0.79 t/m2
LWL condition :
= 4.32
Lever arm from base = 3m

Total Moment about base MLL = 4.32X3
p1

V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 14.30 - -30.44 1 14.30 - -30.44
2 Backfill weight 39.52 - -147.06 1 39.52 - -147.06
4 Earth pressure - 10.81 27.24 1 - 10.81 27.24
Total 62.94 15.1 -170.1 62.9 15.1 -170.1

V = 62.9 t/m
M = -170.1 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -2.70 m
eL = 0.05 m
2
Base pressure at toe = 12.03 t/m < 15 t/m2 OK
2

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 14.30 - -30.44 - 0.90
Total 62.94 15.1 -170.1

m = 0.5

For ULS:
1 Self weight 14.30 - -30.44 1.35 19.31 - -41.09
2 Backfill weight 39.52 - -147.06 1.5 59.28 - -220.59
4 Earth pressure - 10.81 27.24 1.5 - 16.22 40.86
Total 62.94 15.1 -170.1 89.5 21.4 -244.6

V = 89.5 t/m
M = -244.6 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -2.73 m
eL = 0.02 m
2
2
3.4 1.4
0.7
A B C D
15.97
16.59
16.35
16.43
Due to base slab 0.75 1.75 1.75 0.75 1.35 1.01 2.36 2.36 1.01
Total 14.55 14.75 1.75 0.75 20.99 21.14 2.36 1.01

S
deff
5.02 0.619
4.79
14.07
15.58
14.73
S
For SLS:
1 Self weight 14.30 - -30.44 1 14.30 - -30.44
2 Backfill weight 39.52 - -147.06 1 39.52 - -147.06
4 Earth pressure - 10.81 27.24 1 - 10.81 27.24
Total 62.94 15.1 -170.1 61.1 14.3 -166.1

V = 61.1 t/m
M = -166.1 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -2.72 m
eL = 0.03 m
2
2

Due to base slab 0.75 1.75 1.75 0.75 1 0.75 1.75 1.75 0.75
Total 14.55 14.75 1.75 0.75 14.07 14.27 1.75 0.75
Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 10.73 11.20 11.30 11.49
3.34 3.07 1.4
3.4
9.55 10.74


1 Self weight 14.30 - -30.44 1 14.30 - -30.44
2 Backfill weight 39.52 - -147.06 1 39.52 - -147.06
4 Earth pressure - 10.81 27.24 1 - 10.81 27.24
Total 62.94 15.1 -170.1 53.8 10.8 -150.3

V = 53.8 t/m
M = -150.3 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -2.79 m
eL = 0.04 m
2

Due to base slab 1 0.75 1.75 1.75 0.75
Total 12.15 12.35 1.75 0.75

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 9.34 9.89 10.00 10.23
2.81 2.46
1.4
3.4
8.25 9.48


force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 11.84 14.77
Heel 16.69 28.59
Heel - 18.78
Heel - 15.57
0.3
0.6
2.583
5.3
6
1
0.62
deff
3.18
0.7
3.60 0.79
diagram dia.

Total 0 12.63 17.68 41.49

Total 0 12.63 23.79 0 12.63 14.90

fyk = 500
fck = 30
fcm = 40
euk = 0.0045
eud = 0.0041
ecu2 = 0.0035
xumax/d = 0.464

At Toe:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 286.95 mm
xu = 45.30 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 14.771 tm/m

12 f@ 200 mm c/c
2


At Heel:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 286.03 mm
xu = 62.92 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 28.591 tm/m

2
12 f@ 200 mm c/c
2

At Stem:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 286.03 mm
xu = 83.89 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 41.494 tm/m

2
12 f@ 150 mm c/c
2



av = 0.5d
(vmin+0.15scp)bwd
K = Min 1+ √200/d
2
0.02
vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
VEd ≤ 0.5bwdvfcd
v = 0.6[1-fck/310]
fcd = afck/gm
scp = 0
b = 1000 mm
Toe 11.84 523.1429 442.14286 0.25 2.959 1.67 0.0026 1.088 0.542 48.10 13.4 2.959 OK
Heel 16.69 700 619 0.25 4.172 1.57 0.0025 0.897 0.542 55.53 13.4 4.172 OK
Stem 17.68 653.43 572.43 0.25 4.421 1.59 0.0037 0.936 0.542 53.61 13.4 4.421 OK

Check for Stresses:
(Quasi) = 0.36fck = 10.8 N/mm2
2
f0 = fRHb(fcm)b(t0)
fRH = 1+ [(1-RH/100)/0.1(h0)1/3]
= 45 %
h0 = 2AC/u
b(fcm) = 18.78/(fcm)1/2
b(t0) = 1/0.1+ t00.20
1500a3
b c(t,t0) = [(t-to)/b H+(t-t0)]0.3
a3 = [43.75/fcm]0.5
Toe 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Heel 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Stem 50 28 1400 1.49 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 2.16 2.11
2
2
2
= ES 200000 N/mm
MST +(1+f)MQP

b
b = 1000 mm
Check for stresses:
Ast provided sc ss
Combinati Moment MST deffective (mm ) 2
m dc (mm) INA (mm4) (N/mm2) Check (N/mm2) Check
Member on (tm/m) (tm/m) (mm) mm2/m t/mm 3
t/mm 3
Toe RARE 10.14 1.25 619 1130.97 14.37 126.52 4.62E+09 2.78 OK 155.42 OK
QP 8.89 619 1130.97 6.41 87.78 2.27E+09 3.43 OK 133.30 OK
Heel RARE 18.78 3.21 617 1570.80 13.93 143.91 5.89E+09 4.59 OK 210.14 OK
QP 15.57 617 1570.80 6.41 101.87 3.03E+09 5.24 OK 169.99 OK
Stem RARE 23.79 8.89 617 2094.40 14.89 167.46 7.87E+09 5.06 OK 202.40 OK
QP 14.90 617 2094.40 6.41 116.01 3.89E+09 4.44 OK 123.03 OK
= 2.27ln[1+(fcm/12.5)] For fck > 60 MPa
Act = bh/2
ss = fyk

Member b (mm) h (mm) kc k fct,eff (mm2/m) ss (mm2/m) (mm2/m) Check 0.3 1
Toe 1000 700 0.4 0.72 2.9 350 500 1130.97 584.64 OK 0.8 0.65
Heel 1000 700 0.4 0.72 2.9 350 500 1570.80 584.64 OK 3 0.65
Stem 1000 700 0.4 0.72 2.9 350 500 2094.40 584.64 OK

Es = 200000 N/mm2
ae = ES/Ecm
rr,eff = AS/Ac,eff
hc,ef = Min 2.5 ( h - d )
( h - x/3 )
h/2
Ac,eff = bhc,eff
0.6ssc/Es
n1f1+n2f2
kt = 0.5
Toe 700 619 87.78 1130.97 202.5 12.00 0.0056 620.26 133.30 15.49 0.00040 0.25 OK
Heel 700 617 101.87 1570.80 207.5 14.29 0.0076 575.81 169.99 15.49 0.00051 0.29 OK
Stem 700 617 116.01 2094.40 207.5 14.29 0.0101 495.61 123.03 19.95 0.00037 0.18 OK
Check for Bending moment at section considered at a height 1 m from bottom of stem.
Total 0 8.95 23.82


0.3
0.6
5
6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
1.2 7
5 2
0.5 8 1 3 0.5
0.3 7 0.3
2 4
3.8 0.8 2
6.6
3
2

Area Width Depth Weight C.G. from toe Moment
S.No. Description
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 2 0.5 1.25 -1.33 -1.67
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 2 0.3 1.50 -1.00 -1.50
Total 18.55 -50.58 (+ve)
Area Width Depth Weight C.G. from toe Moment
S.No. Description
Total 52.12 -239.76
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight C.G. from toe Moment
Total 10.32 -45.92


Ka = 0.33

2
= 4.65 t/m
F1 = 1/2x4.65x7xCOS(24.611)
= 14.78 7

= 2.94

= 43.46 tm/m

= 0.80 t/m2
LWL condition :
= 5.07

p1

V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 18.55 - -50.58 1 18.55 - -50.58
2 Backfill weight 52.12 - -239.76 1 52.12 - -239.76
4 Earth pressure - 14.78 43.46 1 - 14.78 43.46
Total 80.99 19.8 -275.1 81.0 19.8 -275.1

V = 81.0 t/m
M = -275.1 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -3.40 m
eL = 0.10 m
2
2

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 18.55 - -50.58 - 0.90
Total 80.99 19.8 -275.1

m = 0.5

For ULS:
1 Self weight 18.55 - -50.58 1.35 25.04 - -68.29
2 Backfill weight 52.12 - -239.76 1.5 78.18 - -359.64
4 Earth pressure - 14.78 43.46 1.5 - 22.17 65.19
Total 80.99 19.8 -275.1 115.6 28.3 -396.6

V = 115.6 t/m
M = -396.6 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -3.43 m
eL = 0.13 m
2
2
3.8 2
0.8
A B C D
15.44
19.59
17.83
18.33
Due to base slab 0.75 2.00 2 0.75 1.35 1.01 2.70 2.70 1.01
Total 16.55 16.80 2.00 0.75 23.99 24.18 2.70 1.01

S
deff
8.55 0.715
6.35
15.63
18.58
16.69
S
For SLS:
1 Self weight 18.55 - -50.58 1 18.55 - -50.58
2 Backfill weight 52.12 - -239.76 1 52.12 - -239.76
4 Earth pressure - 14.78 43.46 1 - 14.78 43.46
Total 80.99 19.8 -275.1 78.9 18.8 -269.4

V = 78.9 t/m
M = -269.4 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -3.41 m
eL = 0.11 m
2
2

Due to base slab 0.75 2.00 2 0.75 1 0.75 2.00 2.00 0.75
Total 16.55 16.80 2 0.75 16.07 16.32 2 0.75
Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 10.72 12.15 12.45 13.20
5.35 4.17 2
3.8
10.45 12.45


1 Self weight 18.55 - -50.58 1 18.55 - -50.58
2 Backfill weight 52.12 - -239.76 1 52.12 - -239.76
4 Earth pressure - 14.78 43.46 1 - 14.78 43.46
Total 80.99 19.8 -275.1 70.7 14.8 -246.9

V = 70.7 t/m
M = -246.9 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -3.49 m
eL = 0.19 m
2

Due to base slab 1 0.75 2.00 2 0.75
Total 14.15 14.40 2 0.75

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 8.82 10.99 11.45 12.59
5.33 3.41
2
3.8
9.45 11.84


force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 22.66 35.19
Heel 28.31 56.44
Heel - 35.79
Heel - 33.83
0.3
0.6
2.836
6.2
7
1.5
0.72
deff
3.74
0.8
4.22 0.80
diagram dia.

Total 0 16.53 23.32 63.67

Total 0 16.53 36.21 0 16.53 23.97

fyk = 500
fck = 30
fcm = 40
euk = 0.0045
eud = 0.0041
ecu2 = 0.0035
xumax/d = 0.464

At Toe:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 331.46 mm
xu = 78.65 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 35.194 tm/m

2
10 f@ 200 mm c/c
Ast provided = 1963.50 . OK

At Heel:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 331.46 mm
xu = 103.19 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 56.443 tm/m

2
16 f@ 200 mm c/c
2

At Stem:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 331.46 mm
xu = 103.19 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 63.665 tm/m

2
16 f@ 200 mm c/c
2



av = 0.5d
(vmin+0.15scp)bwd
K = Min 1+ √200/d
2
0.02
vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
VEd ≤ 0.5bwdvfcd
v = 0.6[1-fck/310]
fcd = afck/gm
scp = 0
b = 1000 mm
Toe 22.66 621.25 541.25 0.25 5.665 1.61 0.0036 0.966 0.542 52.31 13.4 5.665 OK
Heel 28.31 800 717 0.25 7.078 1.53 0.0036 0.830 0.542 59.49 13.4 7.078 OK
Stem 23.32 742.34 659.34 0.25 5.830 1.55 0.0039 0.867 0.542 57.17 13.4 5.830 OK
Check for Stresses:

(Quasi) = 0.36fck = 10.8 N/mm2
2
f0 = fRHb(fcm)b(t0)
fRH = 1+ [(1-RH/100)/0.1(h0)1/3]
= 45 %
h0 = 2AC/u
b(fcm) = 18.78/(fcm)1/2
b(t0) = 1/0.1+ t00.20
1500a3
b c(t,t0) = [(t-to)/b H+(t-t0)]0.3

a3 = [43.75/fcm]0.5
Toe 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Heel 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Stem 50 28 1600 1.47 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 2.13 2.08
2
2

2
ES= 200000 N/mm
MST +(1+f)MQP

b
b = 1000 mm
Check for stresses:
Ast provided sc ss
m dc (mm) 4
INA (mm ) (N/mm2) Check (N/mm2) Check
t/mm 3
Toe RARE 23.56 1.47 715 1963.50 14.92 177.47 1.03E+10 4.05 OK 182.94 OK
QP 22.09 715 1963.50 6.41 122.19 5.03E+09 5.36 OK 166.83 OK
Heel RARE 35.79 1.96 715 2576.11 14.99 199.53 1.29E+10 5.53 OK 214.24 OK
QP 33.83 715 2576.11 6.41 138.07 6.38E+09 7.33 OK 196.32 OK
Stem RARE 36.21 12.25 715 2576.11 15.24 200.93 1.31E+10 5.56 OK 216.92 OK
QP 23.97 715 2576.11 6.41 138.07 6.38E+09 5.19 OK 139.07 OK

= 2.27ln[1+(fcm/12.5)] For fck > 60 MPa
Act = bh/2
ss = fyk

Toe 1000 800 0.4 0.65 2.9 400 500 1963.50 603.20 OK 0.8 0.65
Heel 1000 800 0.4 0.65 2.9 400 500 2576.11 603.20 OK 3 0.65
Stem 1000 800 0.4 0.65 2.9 400 500 2576.11 603.20 OK

Es = 200000 N/mm2
ae = ES/Ecm
rr,eff = AS/Ac,eff
hc,ef = Min 2.5 ( h - d )
( h - x/3 )
h/2
Ac,eff = bhc,eff
0.6ssc/Es
n1f1+n2f2
kt = 0.5
Toe 800 715 122.19 1963.50 212.5 16.67 0.0092 561.64 166.83 15.49 0.00050 0.28 OK
Heel 800 715 138.07 2576.11 212.5 18.22 0.0121 510.53 196.32 15.49 0.00059 0.30 REVISE

Stem 800 715 138.07 2576.11 212.5 18.22 0.0121 510.53 139.07 19.75 0.00042 0.21 OK
Check for Bending moment at section considered at a height 1.5 m from bottom of stem.
Total 0 10.41 30.29


0.3
0.6
6
6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
1 8
5 2
0.7 8 1 3 0.7
0.3 7 0.3
2 4
4.2 1 2.5
7.7
3
2

Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe: C.G. from
Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
S.No. Description
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 0.7 7 6.13 -3.03 -18.58
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 1 1 2.50 -3.00 -7.50 Longitudinal
Total 25.21 -82.82 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe: C.G. from
Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
S.No. Description
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 4.2 7 58.80 -5.60 -329.28
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 0.7 7 4.90 -3.27 -16.01
Total 66.64 -363.81
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe: C.G. from
Total 11.76 -61.74


Ka = 0.34

2
= 5.45 t/m
F1 = 1/2x5.45x8xCOS(25.711)
= 19.64 8

= 3.36

= 65.99 tm/m

= 0.82 t/m2
LWL condition :
= 5.89

p1
Description V H Moment
t/m t/m tm/m

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 25.21 - -82.82 1 25.21 - -82.82
2 Backfill weight 66.64 - -363.81 1 66.64 - -363.81
4 Earth pressure - 19.64 65.99 1 - 19.64 65.99
Total 103.6125 25.5 -418.8 103.6 25.5 -418.8

V = 103.6 t/m
M = -418.8 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.04 m
eL = 0.19 m
2
2

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 25.21 - -82.82 - 0.90
Total 103.6125 25.5 -418.8


m = 0.5

For ULS:
1 Self weight 25.21 - -82.82 1.35 34.04 - -111.81
2 Backfill weight 66.64 - -363.81 1.5 99.96 - -545.71
4 Earth pressure - 19.64 65.99 1.5 - 29.46 98.98
Total 103.6125 25.5 -418.8 148.1 36.5 -604.4

V = 148.1 t/m
M = -604.4 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.08 m
eL = 0.23 m
2
2

4.2 2.5
1
A B C D
15.78
22.69
19.55
20.45
Due to base slab 0.75 2.50 2.5 0.75 1.35 1.01 3.38 3.38 1.01
Total 18.55 18.90 2.50 0.75 26.99 27.26 3.38 1.01
S
deff
11.21 0.915
7.71
17.07
21.68
18.76
S

For SLS:
1 Self weight 25.21 - -82.82 1 25.21 - -82.82
2 Backfill weight 66.64 - -363.81 1 66.64 - -363.81
4 Earth pressure - 19.64 65.99 1 - 19.64 65.99
Total 103.6125 25.5 -418.8 101.3 24.4 -411.2

V = 101.3 t/m
M = -411.2 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.06 m
eL = 0.21 m
2
2
Due to base slab 0.75 2.50 2.5 0.75 1 0.75 2.50 2.50 0.75
Total 18.55 18.90 2.5 0.75 18.07 18.42 2.5 0.75
Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 10.99 13.35 13.91 15.31

7.08 5.07 2.5
4.2
11.41 14.56


1 Self weight 25.21 - -82.82 1 25.21 - -82.82
2 Backfill weight 66.64 - -363.81 1 66.64 - -363.81
4 Earth pressure - 19.64 65.99 1 - 19.64 65.99
Total 103.6125 25.5 -418.8 91.9 19.6 -380.6

V = 91.9 t/m
M = -380.6 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.14 m
eL = 0.29 m
2


Due to base slab 1 0.75 2.50 2.5 0.75
Total 16.15 16.50 2.5 0.75

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 9.20 12.18 12.89 14.66
6.95 4.32
2.5
4.2
10.39 13.91


force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 32.04 62.94
Heel 39.73 88.59
Heel - 56.54
Heel - 53.60

0.3
0.6
3.375
7
8
1.5
0.92
deff
4.30
1
4.91 0.82
diagram dia.

Total 0 20.76 29.42 90.34
Total 0 20.76 51.11 0 20.76 35.08

fyk = 500
fck = 30
fcm = 40
euk = 0.0045
eud = 0.0041
ecu2 = 0.0035
xumax/d = 0.464

At Toe:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 424.17 mm
xu = 103.19 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 62.944 tm/m

2
16 f@ 200 mm c/c
2


At Heel:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 424.17 mm
xu = 125.84 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 88.587 tm/m

2
20 f@ 200 mm c/c
2

At Stem:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 424.17 mm
xu = 125.84 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 90.340 tm/m

2
20 f@ 200 mm c/c
2



av = 0.5d
(vmin+0.15scp)bwd
K = Min 1+ √200/d
2
0.02
vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
VEd ≤ 0.5bwdvfcd
v = 0.6[1-fck/310]
fcd = afck/gm
scp = 0
b = 1000 mm
Toe 32.04 743.8 660.8 0.25 8.011 1.55 0.0039 0.866 0.542 57.23 13.4 8.011 OK
Heel 39.73 1000 915 0.25 9.932 1.47 0.0034 0.735 0.542 67.24 13.4 9.932 OK
Stem 29.42 908.50 823.50 0.25 7.355 1.49 0.0038 0.773 0.542 63.69 13.4 7.355 OK

Check for Stresses:
(Quasi) = 0.36fck = 10.8 N/mm2
2
f0 = fRHb(fcm)b(t0)
fRH = 1+ [(1-RH/100)/0.1(h0)1/3]
= 45 %
h0 = 2AC/u
b(fcm) = 18.78/(fcm)1/2
b(t0) = 1/0.1+ t00.20
1500a3
b c(t,t0) = [(t-to)/b H+(t-t0)]0.3
a3 = [43.75/fcm]0.5
Toe 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Heel 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Stem 50 28 2000 1.44 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 2.08 2.03
2
2
2
= ES 200000 N/mm
MST +(1+f)MQP

b
b = 1000 mm
Check for stresses: Ast provided
MST deffective (mm2) sc ss
Combinati Moment m dc (mm) INA (mm4) Check Check
2 3
Member on (tm/m) (tm/m) (mm) mm /m t/mm t/mm3
Toe RARE 42.22 2.41 915 2576.11 14.97 229.86 2.21E+10 4.38 OK 195.47 OK
QP 39.80 915 2576.11 6.41 158.14 1.08E+10 5.84 OK 179.19 OK
Heel RARE 56.54 2.94 915 3141.59 15.02 250.40 2.61E+10 5.43 OK 216.42 OK
QP 53.60 915 3141.59 6.41 172.92 1.28E+10 7.23 OK 199.00 OK
Stem RARE 51.11 16.02 915 3141.59 15.36 252.81 2.65E+10 4.87 OK 195.82 OK
QP 35.08 915 3141.59 6.41 172.92 1.28E+10 4.73 OK 130.26 OK
= 2.27ln[1+(fcm/12.5)] For fck > 60 MPa
Act = bh/2
ss = fyk

Toe 1000 1000 0.4 0.65 2.9 500 500 2576.11 754.00 OK 0.8 0.65
Heel 1000 1000 0.4 0.65 2.9 500 500 3141.59 754.00 OK 3 0.65
Stem 1000 1000 0.4 0.65 2.9 500 500 3141.59 754.00 OK

Es = 200000 N/mm2
ae = ES/Ecm
rr,eff = AS/Ac,eff
hc,ef = Min 2.5 ( h - d )
( h - x/3 )
h/2
Ac,eff = bhc,eff
0.6ssc/Es
n1f1+n2f2
kt = 0.5
Toe 1000 915 158.14 2576.11 212.5 18.22 0.0121 510.53 179.19 15.49 0.00054 0.27 OK
Heel 1000 915 172.92 3141.59 212.5 20.00 0.0148 484.98 199.00 15.49 0.00060 0.29 OK
Stem 1000 915 172.92 3141.59 212.5 20.00 0.0148 484.98 130.26 19.45 0.00039 0.19 OK
Total 0 13.78 47.00


0.3
0.6
7
6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
1 9
5 2
0.7 8 1 3 0.7
0.3 7 0.3
2 4
4.8 1 2.5
8.3
3
2

C.G. from
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 0.7 8 7.00 -3.03 -21.23
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 1 1 2.50 -3.00 -7.50 Longitudinal
Total 27.81 -94.48 (+ve)
C.G. from
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 4.8 8 76.80 -5.90 -453.12
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 0.7 8 5.60 -3.27 -18.29
Total 85.76 -493.93
C.G. from
Total 13.20 -73.26


Ka = 0.33

2
= 6.03 t/m
F1 = 1/2x6.03x9xCOS(25.001)
= 24.59 9

= 3.78

= 92.93 tm/m

= 0.80 t/m2
LWL condition :
= 6.56

p1

V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 27.81 - -94.48 1 27.81 - -94.48
2 Backfill weight 85.76 - -493.93 1 85.76 - -493.93
4 Earth pressure - 24.59 92.93 1 - 24.59 92.93
Total 126.7725 31.1 -539.2 126.8 31.1 -539.2

V = 126.8 t/m
M = -539.2 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.25 m
eL = 0.10 m
2
2

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 27.81 - -94.48 - 0.90
Total 126.7725 31.1 -539.2

m = 0.5

For ULS:
1 Self weight 27.81 - -94.48 1.35 37.55 - -127.54
2 Backfill weight 85.76 - -493.93 1.5 128.64 - -740.89
4 Earth pressure - 24.59 92.93 1.5 - 36.88 139.40
Total 126.7725 31.1 -539.2 182.0 44.7 -781.5

V = 182.0 t/m
M = -781.5 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.29 m
eL = 0.14 m
2
2
4.8 2.5
1
A B C D
19.66
24.21
22.29
22.84
Due to base slab 0.75 2.50 2.5 0.75 1.35 1.01 3.38 3.38 1.01
Total 20.55 20.90 2.50 0.75 29.99 30.26 3.38 1.01

S
deff
10.34 0.915
7.97
19.46
23.19
20.83
S
For SLS:
1 Self weight 27.81 - -94.48 1 27.81 - -94.48
2 Backfill weight 85.76 - -493.93 1 85.76 - -493.93
4 Earth pressure - 24.59 92.93 1 - 24.59 92.93
Total 126.7725 31.1 -539.2 124.1 29.8 -530.5

V = 124.1 t/m
M = -530.5 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.27 m
eL = 0.12 m
2
2

Due to base slab 0.75 2.50 2.5 0.75 1 0.75 2.50 2.50 0.75
Total 20.55 20.90 2.5 0.75 20.07 20.42 2.5 0.75
Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 13.62 15.16 15.49 16.29
6.45 5.26 2.5
4.8
12.99 15.54


1 Self weight 27.81 - -94.48 1 27.81 - -94.48
2 Backfill weight 85.76 - -493.93 1 85.76 - -493.93
4 Earth pressure - 24.59 92.93 1 - 24.59 92.93
Total 126.7725 31.1 -539.2 113.6 24.6 -495.5

V = 113.6 t/m
M = -495.5 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.36 m
eL = 0.21 m
2
2

Due to base slab 1 0.75 2.50 2.5 0.75
Total 18.15 18.50 2.5 0.75

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 11.58 14.01 14.52 15.79
6.57 4.49
2.5
4.8
12.02 15.04


force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 34.89 68.59
Heel 43.93 109.98
Heel - 69.70
Heel - 67.68
0.3
0.6
3.946
8
9
1.5
0.91
deff
4.86
1
5.46 0.80
diagram dia.

Total 0 25.86 36.85 128.77

Due to live load surcharge - 6.43 4.00 0.8 20.58 - 6.43 4 0 0
Total 0 25.86 72.38 0 25.86 51.80

fyk = 500
fck = 30
fcm = 40
euk = 0.0045
eud = 0.0041
ecu2 = 0.0035
xumax/d = 0.464

At Toe:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 424.17 mm
xu = 125.84 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 68.590 tm/m

2
20 f@ 200 mm c/c
2

At Heel:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 423.01 mm
xu = 161.23 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 109.978 tm/m

2
20 f@ 200 mm c/c
2

At Stem:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 423.01 mm
xu = 161.23 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 128.771 tm/m

2
20 f@ 200 mm c/c
2



av = 0.5d
(vmin+0.15scp)bwd
K = Min 1+ √200/d
2
0.02
vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
VEd ≤ 0.5bwdvfcd
v = 0.6[1-fck/310]
fcd = afck/gm
scp = 0
b = 1000 mm
Toe 34.89 743.8 658.8 0.25 8.721 1.55 0.0048 0.867 0.542 57.15 13.4 8.721 OK
Heel 43.93 1000 915 0.25 10.982 1.47 0.0044 0.735 0.542 67.24 13.4 10.982 OK
Stem 36.85 920.16 835.16 0.25 9.214 1.49 0.0048 0.768 0.542 64.15 13.4 9.214 OK

Check for Stresses:
(Quasi) = 0.36fck = 10.8 N/mm2
2
f0 = fRHb(fcm)b(t0)
fRH = 1+ [(1-RH/100)/0.1(h0)1/3]
= 45 %
h0 = 2AC/u
b(fcm) = 18.78/(fcm)1/2
b(t0) = 1/0.1+ t00.20
1500a3
b c(t,t0) = [(t-to)/b H+(t-t0)]0.3
a3 = [43.75/fcm]0.5
Toe 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Heel 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Stem 50 28 2000 1.44 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 2.08 2.03
2
2
2
= ES 200000 N/mm
MST +(1+f)MQP

b
b = 1000 mm
Check for stresses:
Ast provided sc ss
t/mm 3
Toe RARE 45.90 2.06 915 3141.59 15.08 250.86 2.62E+10 4.40 OK 175.74 OK
QP 43.85 915 3141.59 6.41 172.92 1.28E+10 5.91 OK 162.78 OK
Heel RARE 69.70 2.02 912.5 4025.17 15.22 278.70 3.18E+10 6.10 OK 211.28 OK
QP 67.68 912.5 4025.17 6.41 192.76 1.58E+10 8.28 OK 198.23 OK
Stem RARE 72.38 20.58 912.5 4025.17 15.74 282.55 3.27E+10 6.26 OK 219.74 OK
QP 51.80 912.5 4025.17 6.41 192.76 1.58E+10 6.34 OK 151.72 OK
= 2.27ln[1+(fcm/12.5)] For fck > 60 MPa
Act = bh/2
ss = fyk

Toe 1000 1000 0.4 0.65 2.9 500 500 3141.59 754.00 OK 0.8 0.65
Heel 1000 1000 0.4 0.65 2.9 500 500 4025.17 754.00 OK 3 0.65
Stem 1000 1000 0.4 0.65 2.9 500 500 4025.17 754.00 OK

Es = 200000 N/mm2
ae = ES/Ecm
rr,eff = AS/Ac,eff
hc,ef = Min 2.5 ( h - d )
( h - x/3 )
h/2
Ac,eff = bhc,eff
0.6ssc/Es
n1f1+n2f2
kt = 0.5
Toe 1000 915 172.92 3141.59 212.5 20.00 0.0148 484.98 162.78 15.49 0.00049 0.24 OK
Heel 1000 912.5 192.76 4025.17 218.75 22.78 0.0184 465.44 198.23 15.49 0.00059 0.28 OK
Stem 1000 912.5 192.76 4025.17 218.75 22.78 0.0184 465.44 151.72 19.45 0.00046 0.21 OK
Total 0 18.05 72.89


0.3
0.9
8
6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.9 10
5 2
0.8 8 1 3 0.8
0.3 7 0.3
2 4
5.1 1 3
9.1
3
2

C.G. from
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 3 0.8 3.00 -2.00 -6.00
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 3 0.3 2.25 -1.50 -3.38
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 1 1.1 2.75 -3.50 -9.63 Longitudinal
Total 32.06 -123.79 (+ve)
C.G. from
Total 101.09 -648.27
C.G. from
Total 13.92 -86.30


Ka = 0.33

2
= 6.62 t/m
F1 = 1/2x6.62x10xCOS(24.497)
= 30.12 10

= 4.2

= 126.48 tm/m

= 0.79 t/m2
LWL condition :
= 7.23

p1

V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 32.06 - -123.79 1 32.06 - -123.79
2 Backfill weight 101.09 - -648.27 1 101.09 - -648.27
4 Earth pressure - 30.12 126.48 1 - 30.12 126.48
Total 147.0725 37.3 -695.8 147.1 37.3 -695.8

V = 147.1 t/m
M = -695.8 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.73 m
eL = 0.18 m
2
2

Sl. No. Description
1 Self weight 32.06 - -123.79 - 0.90
Total 147.0725 37.3 -695.8

m = 0.5

For ULS:
1 Self weight 32.06 - -123.79 1.35 43.28 - -167.12
2 Backfill weight 101.09 - -648.27 1.5 151.64 - -972.40
4 Earth pressure - 30.12 126.48 1.5 - 45.17 189.72
Total 147.0725 37.3 -695.8 211.6 53.8 -1010.0

V = 211.6 t/m
M = -1010.0 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.77 m
eL = 0.22 m
2
2
5.1 3
1
A B C D
19.84
26.67
23.67
24.42
Due to base slab 0.75 2.75 2.75 0.75 1.35 1.01 3.71 3.71 1.01
Total 22.55 22.95 2.75 0.75 32.99 33.29 3.71 1.01

S
deff
13.15 1.015
9.62
20.71
25.66
22.38
S
For SLS:
1 Self weight 32.06 - -123.79 1 32.06 - -123.79
2 Backfill weight 101.09 - -648.27 1 101.09 - -648.27
4 Earth pressure - 30.12 126.48 1 - 30.12 126.48
Total 147.0725 37.3 -695.8 144.3 35.9 -685.7

V = 144.3 t/m
M = -685.7 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.75 m
eL = 0.20 m
2
2

Due to base slab 0.75 2.75 2.75 0.75 1 0.75 2.75 2.75 0.75
Total 22.55 22.95 2.75 0.75 22.07 22.47 2.75 0.75
Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 13.74 16.11 16.58 17.97
8.33 6.36 3
5.1
13.83 17.22


1 Self weight 32.06 - -123.79 1 32.06 - -123.79
2 Backfill weight 101.09 - -648.27 1 101.09 - -648.27
4 Earth pressure - 30.12 126.48 1 - 30.12 126.48
Total 147.0725 37.3 -695.8 133.2 30.1 -645.6

V = 133.2 t/m
M = -645.6 tm/m
eL1 = M/V = -4.85 m
eL = 0.30 m
2
2

Due to base slab 1 0.75 2.75 2.75 0.75
Total 20.15 20.55 2.75 0.75

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 11.75 14.98 15.61 17.51
8.40 5.57
3
5.1
12.86 16.76


force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 47.68 108.03
Heel 58.08 155.75
Heel - 99.79
Heel - 96.94
0.3
0.9
4.457
8.9
10
1.5
0.91
deff
5.36
1
6.02 0.79
diagram dia.

Total 0 30.92 44.26 171.50

Total 0 30.92 95.93 0 30.92 70.77

fyk = 500
fck = 30
fcm = 40
euk = 0.0045
eud = 0.0041
ecu2 = 0.0035
xumax/d = 0.464

At Toe:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 470.53 mm
xu = 137.58 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 108.031 tm/m

2
16 f@ 150 mm c/c
2

At Heel:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 470.53 mm
xu = 171.98 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 155.746 tm/m

2
16 f@ 120 mm c/c
2

At Stem:
Clear cover = 75 mm
b = 1000 mm
xumax = 423.01 mm
xu = 230.96 mm UR
ULS B.M. = 171.498 tm/m

2
16 f@ 120 mm c/c
2



av = 0.5d
(vmin+0.15scp)bwd
K = Min 1+ √200/d
2
0.02
vmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2
VEd ≤ 0.5bwdvfcd
v = 0.6[1-fck/310]
fcd = afck/gm
scp = 0
b = 1000 mm
Toe 47.68 829.3333 746.33333 0.25 11.920 1.52 0.0046 0.813 0.542 60.66 13.4 11.920 OK
Heel 58.08 1100 1017 0.25 14.520 1.44 0.0042 0.699 0.542 71.11 13.4 14.520 OK
Stem 44.26 928.23 845.23 0.25 11.066 1.49 0.0068 0.764 0.542 64.54 13.4 11.066 OK

Check for Stresses:
(Quasi) = 0.36fck = 10.8 N/mm2
2
f0 = fRHb(fcm)b(t0)
fRH = 1+ [(1-RH/100)/0.1(h0)1/3]
= 45 %
h0 = 2AC/u
b(fcm) = 18.78/(fcm)1/2
b(t0) = 1/0.1+ t00.20
1500a3
b c(t,t0) = [(t-to)/b H+(t-t0)]0.3
a3 = [43.75/fcm]0.5
Toe 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Heel 50 28 ∞ 1 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 1.45 1.41
Stem 50 28 2000 1.44 2.97 0.49 1.05 1569 1.0 2.08 2.03
2
2
2
= ES 200000 N/mm
MST +(1+f)MQP

b
b = 1000 mm
Check for stresses:
Ast provided sc ss
t/mm 3
Toe RARE 72.41 2.83 1015 3434.81 15.13 276.98 3.54E+10 5.67 OK 228.47 OK
QP 69.58 1015 3434.81 6.41 190.58 1.73E+10 7.67 OK 212.90 OK
Heel RARE 99.79 2.84 1015 4293.51 15.23 304.75 4.24E+10 7.17 OK 254.44 OK
QP 96.94 1015 4293.51 6.41 210.48 2.09E+10 9.75 OK 238.98 OK
Stem RARE 95.93 25.17 912.5 5766.13 16.03 328.54 4.33E+10 7.27 OK 207.19 OK
QP 70.77 912.5 5766.13 6.41 225.42 2.13E+10 7.50 OK 146.57 OK
= 2.27ln[1+(fcm/12.5)] For fck > 60 MPa
Act = bh/2
ss = fyk

Toe 1000 1100 0.4 0.65 2.9 550 500 3434.81 829.40 OK 0.8 0.65
Heel 1000 1100 0.4 0.65 2.9 550 500 4293.51 829.40 OK 3 0.65
Stem 1000 1000 0.4 0.65 2.9 500 500 5766.13 754.00 OK

Es = 200000 N/mm2
ae = ES/Ecm
rr,eff = AS/Ac,eff
hc,ef = Min 2.5 ( h - d )
( h - x/3 )
h/2
Ac,eff = bhc,eff
0.6ssc/Es
n1f1+n2f2
kt = 0.5
Toe 1100 1015 190.58 3434.81 212.5 18.22 0.0162 446.65 212.90 15.49 0.00064 0.29 OK
Heel 1100 1015 210.48 4293.51 212.5 18.22 0.0202 408.32 238.98 15.49 0.00072 0.30 OK
Stem 1000 912.5 225.42 5766.13 218.75 21.49 0.0264 393.58 146.57 19.45 0.00044 0.17 OK
Total 0 22.37 102.98

Design Notes-Retaining Wall-PCC Wall 2m Height

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Verfügbare Formate

Design Notes-Retaining Wall-PCC Wall 2m Height

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Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Aizawal-Tuipang (NH-54)-Pkg 6

Design Notes-Retaining Wall

Design Consultants: January 2020

Sr. No. Contents Page No.

Earth Pressure Coefficient Calculation

Ф (Angle of Internal Friction) 35.0 Deg

WEIGHT (kN) M toe (kNm)

Calculation Of forces and Moment about toe due to Earth backfill

Calculation Of forces and Moment about toe due to Parapet wall

Lateral Earth pressure

Pa ½*Ka*γ*h² 9.779 kN/m

Horizontal pressure due to Live Load Surcharge as per IRC 6: 2017

Pressure due to Surcharge 5.867 kN/m

Horizontal Force acting due to

Moment about Base 10.842 kNm/m

SPS TECHNOCRATS PVT LIMITED 1

Sl No. Description V (kN) H (kN) Moment

1 Self weight about toe 55.975 38.262

B/6 0.217 e<B/6,Safe

Minimum and Maximum soil pressure

Pmax( Base pressure at toe) 95.404 kN/m²

Pmin ( Base pressure at heel) 1.481 kN/m²

SBC 100 Safe in Bearing Pressure

Stability against overturning

M overturning 18.431 kNm/m

M restoring 46.137 kNm/m

FOS 2.503 >2 and safe

Stability against sliding

Resisting Force 31.488 kN

FOS 1.584 >1.5 and Safe

Sl No. Description V (kN) H (kN) Moment

1 Self weight 12.50

Check for Compression 0.005 Mpa SAFE 5.4 Mpa

SPS TECHNOCRATS PVT LIMITED 2

Earth Pressure Coefficient Calculation

Ф (Angle of Internal Friction) 35.0 Deg

WEIGHT (kN) M toe (kNm)

Calculation Of forces and Moment about toe due to Earth backfill

Calculation Of forces and Moment about toe due to Parapet wall

Lateral Earth pressure

Pa ½*Ka*γ*h² 22.003 kN/m

Horizontal pressure due to Live Load Surcharge as per IRC 6: 2017

Pressure due to Surcharge 5.867 kN/m

Horizontal Force acting due to

Moment about Base 24.394 kNm/m

SPS TECHNOCRATS PVT LIMITED 3

Sl No. Description V (kN) H (kN) Moment

1 Self weight about toe 95.3 87.4165

B/6 0.308 e<B/6,Safe

Minimum and Maximum soil pressure

Pmax( Base pressure at toe) 128.331 kN/m²

Pmin ( Base pressure at heel) 3.885 kN/m²

SBC 130 Safe in Bearing Pressure

Stability against overturning

M overturning 50.007 kNm/m

M restoring 127.6415 kNm/m

FOS 2.552 >2 and safe

Stability against sliding

Resisting Force 61.15 kN

FOS 1.671 >1.5 and Safe

Sl No. Description V (kN) H (kN) Moment

1 Self weight 33.75

Pa ½Kaγ*h² 9.779 kN/m

Pa ½Kaγ*h² 22.003 kN/m

Pa ½Kaγ*h² 39.116 kN/m

Pa ½Kaγ*h² 61.119 kN/m

Pa ½Kaγ*h² 88.012 kN/m