The Wedding Dance Mayday Eve

by Amador Daguio by Nick Joaquin

Characters: Characters:

Awiyao Anastasia
- ex husband of Lumnay
 - old witch
- mocked because of not having a child - “those who cared might peer in a mirror and
Lumnay would there behold the face of whoever it
was they were fated to marry or the devil”
- ex wife of Awiyao
 - a maga ; born on Christmas Eve
- barren
 - conquered seven husbands
- plants to tell the chief of village, the elders, to
Agueda or Dona Agueda
stop the wedding (break the tradition) - wife of Badoy Montiya
- soon to be wife of Awiyao
 - witch that Badoy saw in the mirror
- not as strong in planting beans, not as fast in - black hair ; golden shoulders
cleaning jars, not as good as keeping a house clean Badoy Montiya or Don Badoy Montiya
unlike Lumnay - husband of Dona Agueda
- asked Agueda the polka
Important notes: - hates and loves Agueda at the same time
Seven harvest - devil that Agueda saw in the mirror
- over 60 years old at the end of the story
• time of waiting for Lumnay to bear a child
Kabunyan Voltaire
- grandson of Badoy Montiya and Agueda
• god to which Lumnay prayed for pregnancy
Beads
 Important notes:
• heirloom
First Day of May
• worth twenty fields

• night of divination, a night of lovers
• given by Awiyao’s grandmother on the day of his
marriage
 Dance
• white, jade, and deep orange obsidians
• should stop at 10 o’clock
Wordly possessions of Lumnay and Awiyao
 • happens at the evening of first day of May
• battle axe, spear points, betel net box and beads
Europe
Gangsas • where the boys were from


“Serenade the neighbours, Swim in the Pasig, Gather
Flaming brightness of bonfire
Fireflies”
• commanded Lumnay to stop
“You must take a candle and go into a room that is
Four moons dark and that has a mirror in it and you must be
alone in the room. Go up to the mirror and close your
• start of their new clearing of beans eyes and say: Mirror, mirror, show to me him whose
woman I will be”

1847
• the year Agueda decided to try the spell

Mirror
• big, antique, gold frame with carved leaves
and flowers and mysterious curlicues

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 • father: scar of honor
Scar
• devil: scar of sin
Mustache Patalim
• devil: black and elegant by Cirilio Bautista
• father: dirty and graying, smell horribly
of tobacco Knife - you have to be close in order to hurt some-
one
“No grace like the Parisiennes, no fire like
the
Sevillians, no Bihirang Maisulat ang Kaligayahan
salt” by Rebecca Anonuevo

Antipolo Even if happiness is fleeting, it has always

• their destination in the morning
• Badoy will manuever the same boat with
Agueda
1890
• the year Badoy’s grandson perform
the incantation
Witch
• Agueda
• ate Badoy Montiya’s heart and drank his blood
Bonsai
by Edith Tiempo
First stanza:
Love is folded into something small or compact.
Second stanza:
“Son’s note or Dad’s gaudy tie, A root picture of a
young queen, a blue Indian shawl, even a money
bill” serve as a memento of the persona
Third stanza:
To scale love down to a cupped hand’s size -
to control love as to prevent obsession
Fourth stanza:
Love is to be simplified to the point that even a
child can understand what love is.
been inside of us since it is a choice
My Father Goes To Court
by Carlos Bulosan
Characters:
Persona and his/her family
• poor family
• healthy
• went out in the sun and bathed in the cool wa-
ter of the river
• wrestled with one another
• always in the best of spirits
• laughter was contagious
• neighbours pass by their house and joined in
laughter
• Four years old
persona lived with mother, brothers,
and sisters
small town on the Island of Luzon
• grew robust and full of life
• faces are bright and rosy
Rich Man
• Next door neighbour of the persona
• Sons and daughters seldom came out of the
house
• Big and tall house
• Children could look at their window and watch
them play, sleep, or eat
• Rich man’s servants always fry and cook
something
• Aroma of food was wafted down from the
windows
• started to cough at night; then day and night;
then his wife began coughing too
• filed a complaint against the poor family
• claimed that for years the poor family had been
stealing the spirit of wealth and food

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Rich man’s children • Policeman from Presidencia came to their
• became thin and anemic house with a sealed paper
• pale and sad
• claim that the poor family stole the spirit of Sweet tinkle of the coins
food by hanging outside their house • the spirit of the money -> payment of the poor
• claim that the poor family stole the spirit of family to the rich man’s family
wealth and became laughing family while their
family became morose and sad
• old and had scars
My Own Theory of Devolution
by Jessica Zafra
Father
Theory of Evolution
• Preferred living in the country
• Charles Darwin
• wore his old Army uniform and borrowed a
pair of shoes from one of my brothers to court
Devolution
• sat on the chair in the center of the court
• exact opposite of evolution
• kept jumping up from his chair and stabbing
• deriorating to a lower life form
the air with his arms
• don’t need any lawyer
Evolution
• do not agree that he has been stealing the spirit
• moving up to a higher life
of food and wealth
• agree that they inhaled the heavenly spirit of
Theory About Alcohol
food
• the more you drink, the lower you go down
• paid the Richman by taking a straw hat and fill
the evolutionary ladder
it up with centavo pieces, Mother added fistful
of silver coins
Stages: (ARPFR)
Judge
1.) Ape
• loudest laugh of all
• vision blurs
• room appears to be spinning
Important notes:
• feels like being inside a blender with ice and
oranges
1918
• face feels lopsided
• Father’s farm is destroyed by one of Philippine
• Ape-like shuffle
Floods
• nauseous
• monkey
One afternoon
• simian
• Servants roasted three chickens - young and
tender
2.) Reptile
• swilling the drink of depressed Russians
Barking of herd of seals
• legs turn to vestigial appendages (they’re there
• sound of cough of the rich man’s family
but you can’t use them)
• crawl, slither on hands and stomach
Molave
• make a crashing noise that resembles hissing
• compared to the arms and legs of his/her
brothers
3.) Politician
• sturdiest tree in the Philippines
• talkative, hyperverbal
• noticeable rise in the volume of voice
“Windows of the neighbours are always closed,
• built-in-megaphone
Children did not come out, Servants still cooking
• insult friends
and the kitchen, no matter how tight the windows
• reveal darkest secrets to people
are shut, the aroma of the food came to us in the
• stop talking ; start speechifying
wind and drifted gratuitously into our house.”
• most obnoxious (difference between reptile
stage)
One Morning
4.) Fish
• Sammy the sperm phase
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 • attempt to swim on the floor • oldest man in the village
• “No that could not be a chicken”
5.) Rock
• body goes to sleep on you 4.) Mr. Eduardo Cruz
• pass out whatever surface you are on • lived nearby in the town of Katubusan
• lost consciousness • studied poultry in the University of the
Philippines
“You mouth vile things-You’re a politician. You • owned and operated the largest poultry in
crawl toward the bathroom-you’re a reptile. You town
stand on your legs to reach the sink- you’re a • “Feathers are round, it’s a hen; if they are
monkey. You throw up, and between heaves, you pointed, it’s a rooster”
swear to never touch Vodka from Hell again. You’re • Chicken had both
making resolutions you won’t keep. Congratulations. • Fight in cockpit
You’re human again.” - wins: rooster
- lose: hen
My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken
by Alejandro R. Roces 5.) Sunday
• cockpit fight
Characters: • Red Rooster (Texas) -> had lovesick ex-
pression and did a love dance
Kiko • Everyone wanted to bet on the red game-
• persona’s brother cock
• had a peculiar chicken • fight was brief
• claimed it as a rooster • Peculiar chicken won
• “Tiope! Tiope! Fixed fight!”
Persona • Peculiar chicken laid an egg
• claimed it as a hen
Dead Stars
Chicken by Paz Marquez Benitez
• no one could tell if it’s a hen or rooster
Characters:
Important Events:
Esperanza
1) One early morning • fiancée of Alfredo Salazar (3 years)
• Kiko and persona were driving the chick- • wants the wedding to be set next month but not in
ens from the cornfield a hurry
• Saw two roosters fighting • not indulged in unprovoked jealousies
• one of the roosters was the peculiar • no longer young, efficient, literal minded, intense-
chicken ly acquisitive
• Kiko caught the peculiar chicken • have the gift of uniformly acceptable appearance
• unexpected homeliness, startling reserves of beau-
Hen (Persona) ty
• has no combs or wattles • a woman past first bloom
• light and clear of complexion, spare of arms and
Rooster (Kiko) breast, convexity of thin throat, dressed with self-
• fighting conscious care, elegance
• spurs on legs • woman distinctly NOT average

2.) Noon Julia Salas

• Chicken crowed (rooster)
• Mother (rooster)
- told them it’s a binabae. A rooster
that looks like a hen.
• Father (hen)
3.) Teniente del barrio, chief of the village
• lives in Martinez House (Martinez Yard)
• Alfredo Salazar calls her Miss del Valle the first
night they met
• smiled with evident delight
• is not a sister but instead a sister-in-law of Judge
del Valle
• had a charming speaking voice
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• sister of Dona Adela Important notes:
• taller, not so obviously pretty, same eyebrows and
lips, darker skinned (smooth rich brown with un- Long table
derlying tones of crimson) than her sister • wedding
• gave abounding vitality
• tantalizing charm Summary of events in bullets:

Alfredo Salazar Part I

• fiance of Esperanza
• Over 30 years old and still a bachelor Neighboring
• gave flowers, serenades, notes, and things like • Alfredo and Don Juan visits their neighbors, the
that to Esperanza (less than 4 years ago) del Valle Family
• lawyer
• his blood as cool and thin (relaxed) Martinez Yard
• tall and slender, under straight recalcitrant hair, • 6 weeks ago, this place didn’t matter to Alfredo
thin face, slow dreamer’s eyes, astonishing fresh- • occupied and rented by Judge del Valle and his
ness of lips family
• betokened a little of exuberant masculinity
• One evening, has gone “neighboring” with his Judge and Don Julian played a game of chess the
Father (rare occurrence) -> the start of Julia x night Alfredo and Julia met.
Alfredo
• enjoyed talking to Julia Sunday mornings after mass (Month of March)
• not habitually untruthful • Dona Adela offered them beer. Don Julian en-
joyed but Alfredo didn’t
Don Julian • chess game
• father of Carmen and Alfredo Salazar • Alfredo and Julia would go to the front porch and
• loved to philosophise chat
• had monologue pitch • Julia sat in low hammock; Alfredo on a rocking
chair
Carmen
• daughter of Don Julian Esperanza asked if Alfredo went straight home
• sister of Alfredo Salazar after mass
• have four energetic children • He answered “Sometimes I go with Papa to Judge
del Valle’s”
Vicente
• husband of Carmen *those events mentioned above happened in six
weeks *
Judge Dionisio del Valle
• brother in law of Julia Tanda
• husband of Dona Adela • coconut plantation of Don Julian
• absent minded (sometimes going out without his • Don Julian invited the judge and his family to
collar or with unmatched socks) spend here on a sunday afternoon before Holy
week
Dona Adela • far down, there was an out-curving beach where
• small, plump, with brown wide eyes, clearly de- Julia found her unending entertainment - the rip-
fined eyebrows, and delicately modelled hips (a pling sand left by the ebbing tide.
pretty woman) • “Calm and placid” and “Cow in a mud pool” Al-
• complexion like a baby and expression of a like- fredo as described by Julia
able cow • Calle Luz, a little street with streets - where Julia
lived
Manalang • Julia was being sent home by her father and
• Alfredo called him Manalo ten times instead of mother during Holy week
Manalang • Alfredo: I’ll inquire for the house of the prettiest
• “Pardon me but my name is Manalang. You know, girl in town (referring to Julia ; look for her in
I never forgave him” Calle Luz)

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Part II • He wondered what she had lost or if the loss was
his.
Holy Thursday • He had been seeing the light of dead stars, long
• Alfredo Salazar went to the heart of the town - extinguished, yet seemingly appointed places in
Chinese stores the heavens.
• He saw Esperanza and her mother sedately pacing
behind Our Lady of Sorrows The Conversion
• Esperanza stiffened self-consciously by J. Neil Garcia
• End of the row of Chinese Stores: he caught up
with Julia Salas • Why is it titled Conversion?
• Calle Real - street - Because of the water which symbolizes
• Julia Salas congratulated Alfredo Salazar for his baptism
approaching wedding • Water inside the Drum represents the cleansing of
• Wedding is on May said Alfredo and invited Julia the body
• A lot of Allusion present in the poem
Calixta
• note carrier of Esperanza It is visual trope in Filipino films (usually in comedy)
• homely middle aged where a young boy who is seen as “confused” is
• has a live-in partner -> Esperanza got mad and dragged by either his father or any authoritative male
did not approve of this relative and dunked into the drum.
• Alfredo defended Calixta
• Esmeralda called him an immoral man The action is thought to “shock” the boy to “his sens-
• they fought es” and revert to the “proper” gender. And while the
• “Why don’t you tell me you’re tired of me?” last line of the poem may refer to a hopeful tone, I
weeped Esperanza and left him completely always felt the poem to be quite sad.
shamed and unnerved The persona may have been “saved,” but his current
life is just as marred with violence as when he/his
Part III “other” self was killed in that drum.
• Alfredo is on a boat rail over the lake
• He was supposed to be in Sta. Cruz (case of the
The Small Key
People of the Philippine Islands vs. Belina et al) by Paz M. Latorena
• Brigida Samuy - had not been important to the
defense Characters:
• He could not forget Julia Salas
• He is already married though not unhappy; no
rebellion Pedro Buhay
• At times did Esperanza feel baffled and helpless, • prosperous farmer
he was gentle, even tender, but immeasurably far • husband of Soledad
away, beyond her reach
• “Indo”
• declined the invitation of the policeman
• boat will leave at 4 in the next morning
Soledad
Eight O’clock • wife of Pedro Buhay
• a cot had been brought out and spread for him but
• woman past her early 20s and has dark hair
it was too bare to be inviting
• he walked around town • “Choleng”
• the thought of Julia Salas in that quiet place filled • burned the clothes of Pedro Buhay’s first wife
him with pitying silence thus causing Pedro to resent him*
Calle Luz
• He visited Julia Tia Maria
• Julia hasn’t changed much • told Pedro Soledad has a fever
• He realised his feelings for Julia is not there any-
more.
Dr. Santos

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• was called to check up on soledad
Important notes:
Key
• to Pedro’s trunk
• string of nondescript red which is held to-
gether a big shiny key and another small
rather rusty-looking one
Garment
• has faint smell of his favourite cigars
• small key fell down from this garment
Trunk
• small and old
• held things she had once come to hate with
unreasoning violence, the things that were
causing her so much unnecessary anguish and
pain, and threatened to destroy all that was
beautiful between her and her husband
• contained the clothes of Pedro’s first wife
(dead)
San Isidro Labrador
• patron saint of their barrio
Sunday
• work in the south field was finished
LECTURE NOTES
Tradition:
! The passing down of elements of a culture
from generation to generation, especially by
oral communication.
! A time-honored practice or set of such
practices.
! a custom or usage.
Culture:
! “Culture, or civilization, taken in its broad,
ethnographic sense, is that complex whole
which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals,
law, custom, and any other capabilities and
habits acquired by man as a member of
society.”
! Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (2 October 1832 – 2
January 1917)
! traditions and customs, transmitted through
learning, that form and guide the beliefs and
behavior of the people exposed to them.
Allegory:
! Allegory is a figurative mode of representation
conveying meaning other than the literal.
! Allegory communicates its message by means
of symbolic figures, actions or symbolic
representation.
Love:
! Strong affection for another arising out of
kinship or personal ties:
! maternal love for a child
! Any object of warm affection or devotion
! love of the sea
! Affection based on admiration, benevolence, or
common interests:
! love for his old schoolmates
! A deep feeling of sexual desire and attraction
! "to love is to wish good to someone." -
St. Thomas Aquinas
Satire:
● a literary work holding up human vices and follies
to ridicule or scorn.
● a way of using humor to show that someone or
something is foolish, weak, bad, etc.
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Magic Realism

● Magic realism is an aesthetic style or genre of

fiction in which magical elements are blended
into a realistic atmosphere in order to access a
deeper understanding of reality.

● Suspension of disbelief

● It was agreed, that my endeavours should be

directed to persons and characters supernatural, or
at least romantic, yet so as to transfer from our
inward nature a human interest and a semblance
of truth sufficient to procure for these shadows of
imagination that willing suspension of disbelief
for the moment, which constitutes poetic faith.

Sex

● In biology, sex is a process of combining and

mixing genetic traits, often resulting in the
specialization of organisms into a male or female
variety.

Gender

● Culturally constructed and learned behaviors and

ideas attributed to males, females, or blended
genders.

Gender Roles

● refers to the set of social and behavioral norms

that are widely considered to be socially
appropriate for individuals of a specific sex in the
context of a specific culture, which differ widely
between cultures and over time.

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