SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Quarter 1- Module 2
Analyze the Concept, Aspects and
Changes in/of Culture and Society

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1- Module 2: Analyze the Concept, Aspects and Changes in/of Culture
and society
First Edition, 2020
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 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 1- Module 3
Analyze the Concept, Aspects and
Changes in/of Culture and Society

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or
universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to
email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Overview 1

Content 1

Competencies 1

Pretest 2

Lesson 1

Activity 1 3

Activity 2 5

Activity 3 5

Activity 4 6

Activity 5 7

Lesson 2

Activity 1 8

Activity 2 9

Activity 3 10

Activity 4 11

Post Test 12

Answer Key 13

References 14

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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

For the Learners

Congratulations! You have completed the previous module! You are now
ready for the next step which is learning how to analyse the concept, aspects
and changes of culture and society and also be able to explain the importance
of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. Have some fun to learn
more effectively, enjoy learning. Good luck!

Module Content

My dear learner, welcome to the second module! This module will help you
understand the concepts, aspects and changes of culture and society. It will also
explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. You
will be equipped with the skills needed in this fast changing world.
The knowledge you will gain from this module will enhance your ideas upon
relating to the changes of culture and society, thus will improve your in- depth
understanding of culture and social aspects on our very own life setting.

These are the competencies included in this module:

1. Analyze the concept, aspects and changes of culture and society

(UCSP11/12DCSIc-8 )
2. Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural
understanding. (UCSP11/12DCSId-10 )

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 WHAT I KNOW (PRETEST)
This activity will enable you to assess your prior knowledge
from the topic that will be discussed in this lesson.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write
your answer in your activity notebook.

1. It is the ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make
judgments using the standards of one's own culture.
A. Sociological view B. Culture C. Cultural relativism D. Society

2. It refers to a group or community which shares common experiences that shapes

the way its members understand the world.
A. Politics B. Society C. Political Science D. Culture

3. It is anything that is used to stand for something else.

A. Symbols B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language

4. Refers to a system of words and symbols used to communicate with other

people.
A. Symbols B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language

5. It refers to valuable tools for exploring the past and using them to understand the
past.
A. Values B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language

6. These are rules or expectations of behaviour and thoughts based on shared

beliefs within a specific cultural or social group.
A. Values B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language

7. Refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait complexes and changes in a
cultures content and structure.
A. Cultural change B. Social change C. Political change D. Sociological change

8. A variations or modifications in the patterns of social organization of sub groups

within society.
A. Cultural change B. Social change C. Political change D. Sociological change

9. Cultural relativism teaches us that, marriage patterns are__________, not

objective truth.
A. Social option B. Political option C. Cultural option D. Socio-cultural option

10. It is a person's principles or standards of behaviour.

A. Values B. Norms C. Artifacts D. Language

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 Lesson Analyse the Concept, Aspects and Changes of
Culture and Society
1 (UCSP11/12DCSIc-8)

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
⚫ analyze the concept of culture and society; and
⚫ determine the aspects and changes of culture and
society.

WHAT’S NEW
Activity 1. What I Think About This

Directions: List down your observation about the given

picture below. Write your observations in your activity
notebook.

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Source: https://cc.search.creativecommons.org/photos

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Source: https://cc.search.creativecommons.org/photos

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 WHAT IS IT
What have you noticed on the pictures above? These have
something to do with culture.

❖ Culture refers to a group or community which shares

common experiences that shape the way its members
understand the world. It includes groups that we are
born into, such as race, national origin, gender, class, or religion. It can also
include a group we join or become part of.
❖ Culture is a strong part of people's lives. It influences their views, values,
humor, hopes, loyalties, worries and fears. It helps to have some perspective
and understanding of their cultures.
❖ Culture and society defined, culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects,
and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group
or society.
❖ Through culture, people and groups define themselves, conform
to society's shared values, and contribute to society.
❖ The major elements of culture are symbols, language, norms, values, and
artifacts.

1. A symbol is anything that is used to stand for something else.

People who share a culture often attach a specific meaning to an

object, gesture, sound, or image. For example, a cross is a significant symbol
to Christians. It is not simply two pieces of wood attached to each other, nor is
it just an old object of torture and execution. To Christians, it represents the
basis of their entire religion, and they have great reverence for the symbol.

2. Language is a system of words and symbols used to communicate with

other people. This includes full languages as we usually think of them,
such as English, Spanish, French, etc. but, it also includes body language,
slang, and common phrases that are unique to certain groups of people.
3. Systems of values are culturally defined standards for what is good or
desirable. Members of the culture use the shared system of values to
decide what is good and what is bad. Lanuza M. Gerry and Raymundo S. Sarah
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. 151 (2016).

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 WHAT’S MORE
Activity 2. Alternating Flow Chart

Directions: Using the alternating flow chart, write your opinion

on the concept, aspects and changes of culture and society on
a separate sheet of paper.

This is an example:

Processed Questions:

1. What are your findings/ opinions based on facts?

2. What are the positive effects of globalization?
3. How can you make the negative effects of globalization into positive one?

Activity 3. Essay Writing

Directions: Use the space below to explain the concept, aspects and changes of
culture and society.

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__________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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 WHAT I LEARNED
Let Us Remember

⚫ Cultural artifact or artefact is a term used in the social

sciences, particularly anthropology, ethnology, and
sociology for anything created by humans which gives
information about the culture of its creator and users.
• Artifacts are such valuable tools for exploring the past and using them
to understand the past.
• Human values are essential in our life because they help us to grow
and develop. It is a person's standards of behaviour, principles and
own judgment. Some of the values, human treasures are honesty,
love, happiness, and integrity.
• Social and cultural norms are rules or expectations of behaviour and
thoughts based on shared beliefs within a
specific cultural or social group.
• Social change - variations or modifications in the patterns of social
organisation of sub groups within society
• Cultural change - refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait
complexes and changes in a cultures content and structure.

Good work! You have finished another task! Are you excited
to start a new one? Let us proceed now to the next activity.
Good luck and enjoy.
Great job! This time, it’s your turn to work on your own.

Activity 4. Reflection

Directions: In writing your reflection, you have to complete the sentence below.
Write your answer in your activity notebook.

I learned that_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

I realized that_______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
If given a chance_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Hello! At this point, I am sure that you are already familiar with
the concepts, aspects and changes of culture and society. Now let’s
further check your understanding of what these concepts are about
through the following activities.

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 WHAT I CAN DO
Activity 5. Slogan Making

Directions: Create a slogan on your personal opinion or

insights on the concepts, aspects and changes of culture
and society. Illustrate your slogan in a ¼ size of illustration
board with your explanation.

Great job! You have finished the first part of this

module. This time, let’s dig deeper into the importance of
cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding by
talking about their contributions to Philippine democracy.

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 MODULE 2 - LESSON 2

Hi! Welcome to the last part of this module. The first

module introduced you to the world of culture and society.
It guides you in tracing the roots of culture and society, and
it provides you some detailed account on their
contributions to this fast changing world. Are you ready to
learn more?

Lesson Explain the Importance of Cultural Relativism in

Attaining Cultural Understanding.
2 (UCSP11/12DCSId-10)

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
• define cultural relativism; and
• explain the importance of cultural relativism in
attaining cultural understanding.

WHAT’S NEW
Activity 1. Complete Me

Directions: Complete the diagram by supplying the

importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural
understanding. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.

Questions:

1. What is the importance of

cultural relativism?
2. How do you relate each of its
importance?
3. Why do you think it is important
to know cultural relativism?

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 WHAT IS IT
Was it hard to complete the diagram? To give you an idea of
what it is, read and understand the following concepts.

❖ Cultural relativism is the ability

to understand a culture on its own terms and not to
make judgments using the standards of one's
own culture.
❖ The goal of this is to promote understanding of cultural practices that are
not typically part of one's own culture.
❖ Cultural Relativism is important to anthropology and one of the things that
makes anthropology unique because it is a tool, a method for attempting to
see things from a multiplicity of viewpoints so as to better understand
them.
❖ Cultural Relativism does not mean that anything a culture does is good or
moral. This is one of the ones that confuse people.
❖ Cultural relativism teaches us that, marriage patterns are cultural options,
not objective truth.
❖ Cultural Relativism doesn’t mean that cultures can’t be compared.
There is sometimes a strange notion that there are no commonalities
between cultures.
❖ This is one of the reasons why those trained in cultural anthropology
are often great problem solvers for complex issues.

WHAT’S MORE
Activity 2. Stop and Reflect

Directions: Create a table that shows a summary of what

you have learned from the discussion above. Write your
answer in your notebook.

What Cultural Relativism is What Cultural Relativism is The importance of Cultural

not Relativism

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 WHAT I CAN DO

Activity 3. Conceptualize Me

Directions: Use the given picture to conceptualize the

importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural
understanding.

Questions:

1. What can you say about the picture?

2. How the given words from the picture help you conceptualize the importance
of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding?

You have finally reached the last part of this

module. After learning and understanding the importance
of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding,
please share your opinion and reaction about the lesson
presented. Good luck!

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 SELF - TEST
Activity 4. Essay

Directions: Write in your activity notebook NOT MORE

THAN 200 WORDS your understanding and observation.

1. Why do you think there is a need to understand

cultural relativism in our society? Expound your
answer by providing examples.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

The importance of understanding cultural relativism is to
know one's own culture. Understanding this perspective
of cultural relativism leads to the view that no culture is
superior than another culture and the idea that culture can be
compared in terms of law, politics, and systems has no bases
at all. The concept that a person's beliefs, values, and
practices should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be
judged against the criteria of another.
Cultural relativism cannot be used to evaluate other cultures based on the
ideas you believe in. An example is a country who specialized dried fried crickets for
food and you think it is weird because it is not usual in your culture.

Cultural relativism is an idea, that cultures must be examined, based on their

own context and merits, not to be seen as customs and codes of other cultures.
Cultural relativism is important in studying minority cultures, colonized cultures, and
other traditions which belongs to another culture.

Congratulations! You are now done with your

module! I hope you are able to understand and explore the
topics discussed. The principles will be used in your daily life.
Good luck on your future endeavour. See you!

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 POST TEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your

answer in your activity notebook.

1. It refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait complexes and changes in a
cultures content and structure.
A. Cultural change B. Social change C. Political change D. Sociological change

2. It refers to valuable tools for exploring the past and using them to understand the
past.
A. Values B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language

3. It is the ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments
using the standards of one's own culture.
A. Sociological view B. Culture C. Cultural relativism D. Society

4. These are rules or expectations of behaviour and thoughts based on shared

beliefs within a specific cultural or social group.
A. Values B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language

5. Cultural relativism teaches us that, marriage patterns are__________, not

objective truth.
A. Social option B. Political option C. Cultural option D. Socio-cultural option

6. It is a person's principles or standards of behaviour.

A. Values B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language

7. It refers to a group or community which shares common experiences that shape

the way its members understand the world.
A. Politics B. Society C. Political Science D. Culture

8. Refers to a system of words and symbols used to communicate with other people.
A. Symbols B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language

9. It is anything that is used to stand for something else.

A. Symbols B. Norms C. Artefacts D. Language

10. It is a variations or modifications in the patterns of social organisation of sub

groups within society.
A. Cultural change B. Social change C. Political change D. Sociological change

12
ANSWER KEY:

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 REFERENCES:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/elements-of-culture-definitions-and-ideal-real-
culture.html. Accessed May 27, 2020
https://www.compellingtruth.org/cultural -relativism.html. Accessed May
27,2020

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/culture-and-development/the-future-
we-want-the-role-of-culture/the-two-sides-of-the-coin/. Accessed June 1,2020

https://www.google.com/search?ei=1A_ZXojJMJDT-
Qbi547gCg&q=What+are+the+norms++in+culture+and+society&oq

https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/culture/cultural-competence/culture-and-
diversity/main. Accessed June 1, 2020

https://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html
Accessed June 1, 2020.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118895078.ch20

https://www.quora.com/Why-is-cultural-relativism-important-to-the-study-of-
anthropology Accessed June 1, 2020.

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Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM)
Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de
Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental
Telefax:
E-mail Address:
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