T.

Chhay

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab
Area moment of inertia

1> niymn½y Definition Y

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrabeFobnwgGkS½ X épÞrab A
CaGaMgetRkalEdlmanrag x épÞGnnþtUc dA
IX = ∫y
2
dA
( A)

dUcKñaEdr m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrabeFobnwgGkS½ Y
CaGaMgetRkalEdlmanrag y

IY = ∫x
2
dA
( )
A
X
O
Edl dA - épÞGnnþtUc rUbTI1 m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab A
- cMgayBITIRbCMuTMgn;énépÞGnnþtUcmkGkS½ Y
x

y - cMgayBITIRbCMuTMgn;énépÞGnnþtUcmkGkS½ X

m:Um:g;niclPaBmanxñatKitCa mm / cm / m . 4 4 4

2> m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞragctuekaN Moment of inertia of rectangle

- krNIeFobnwgGkS½EdlRtYtsIuKñanwgRCugNamYyrbs;va Y dx
h
IX = ∫y dA = ∫ y 2 .bdy
2

( ) A 0
3
bh dy
⇒ IX =
3 h dA=b.dy
dUcKñaenHEdr eyIgman y
dA=h.dx
b
IY = ∫x dA = ∫ x 2 .hdx X
2
x
( ) A 0
3 b
h.b
⇒ IY =
3
- krNIeFobnwgGkS½Edlkat;tamTIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;va ehIyRsbnwgRCugBIreTot
h
2
Y dx
IX = ∫ y dA = 2∫ y .bdy
2 2

( A) 0
h
dy
b. y 3 2
b.h 3 h/2
⇒ IX = 2 = y dA=b.dy
3 0
12 X

dUcKñaenHEdr h/2 dA=h.dx

x
m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab b/2 b/2 53
T.Chhay

b
2

IY = ∫ x dA = 2 ∫ x .hdx
2 2

( A) 0
b
3
h.b 3
2
h.x
⇒ IY = 2 =
3 0
12

3> kaMniclPaB Radius of gyration

kaMniclPaBénépÞrab A eFobnwgGkS½ X CaRbEvgEdlkaerrbs;vaesμInwgpleFobrvagm:Um:g;niclPaB

én GkS½ X elIRkLaépÞénmuxkat;enaH.
IX
rX2 =
A
kaMniclPaBénépÞrab A eFobnwgGkS½ Y
CaRbEvgEdlkaerrbs;vaesμInwgpleFobrvagm:Um:g;niclPaBén GkS½ Y elIRkLaépÞénmuxkat;enaH.
IY
rY2 =
A
xñatrbs;vaKitdUcxñatRbEvg mm / cm / m .
4> RTwsþIbTGkS½Rsb Parallel axis theorem
edIm,IkMNt;m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;épÞrabénGkS½ Edlminkat;tamGkS½RbCMuTMgn;rbs;va
EtGkS½enaHRtUvEtRsb CamYynwgGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn;
enaHeKGaceRbIRTwsþIbTGkS½Rsb. ¬rUbTI2¦
épÞrab A manTIRbCMuTMgn;Rtg;cMnuc C . dA
CaépÞ
GnnþtUc Edlman X CacMgayBITIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;vaeTAGkS½
Y nigman Y CacMgayBITIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;vaeTAGkS½ X .

x CacMgayBITIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;épÞGnnþtUceTAGkS½ y nig

man y CacMgayBITIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;épÞGnnþtUceTAGkS½
X.

mü:ageTot l CaKMlatBIGkS½ y eTAGkS½ Y ehIy d Ca

KMlatBIGkS½ x eTAGkS½ X .
eyIgman I = ∫ y dA = ∫ (d + Y ) dA
x
2
2

( A) ( A)
I x = ∫ Y dA + 2d ∫ YdA + d 2 ∫ dA
2

( A) ( A) ( A)

eday ∫ YdA = 0 m:Um:g;énépÞrabkat;tamGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn;

( ) A

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 54
T.Chhay

⇒ I x = I X + A.d 2
dUcKña I = I + A.l
y Y
2

]TahrN_³ kMNt;m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;épÞrabdUcbgðajkñúgrUb.
dMeNaHRsay³ 4cm

kMNt;m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½ X C

tamRTwsþIbTGkS½RsbeeyIg)an
x

d
I X = I x + A.d 2
X
4 × 83 1cm
⇒ IX = + 8 × 4 × 3 2 = 458.67cm 4 4cm
12
]TahrN_³ kMNt;m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;épÞrabdUcbgðajkñúgrUb. 6cm

dMeNaHRsay³
kMNt;m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½ x 4cm X
tamRTwsþIbTGkS½RsbeeyIg)an
I x = I X + A.d 2
2cm
6 × 43
⇒ Ix = + 6 × 4 × 4 2 = 416cm 4 x
12
5> m:Um:g;niclPaBb:UElr Polar moment of inertia Y
m:Um:g;niclPaBb:UElrénépÞrab A eFobnwgcMnuc O épÞrab A
b¤b:Ul CaGaMgetRkalEdlmanrag épÞGnnþtUc dA
IO = JO = ∫ r dA
2 x

( A)

eday r 2
= x2 + y2

dUcenH I O = JO = ∫x
2
dA + ∫y
2
dA
r y

( )
A ( )
A

⇒ IO = J O = I X + IY X
O
krNIrgVg;Ggát;p©it D kaM R rUbTI3 m:Um:g;niclPaBb:UElrénépÞrab A
y
IO = ∫ r dA
2

( A)
A
R
⇒ I O = ∫ r .2πr.dr 2
dA=2πrdr
0
R
r4
⇒ I O = 2π . r
4 0 x
o
π .R 4 π .D 4
⇒ IO = = dr R
2 32
m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 55
T.Chhay

πD 4
⇒ Ix = Iy =
64

taragTI1³ lkçN³énmuxkat;
Shape Area (A) Moment of inertia (I ) Radius of gyration (r) Polar moment of inertia (J )

Y Yo
b.h3 h
IXo = rX o =
12 12
( )
CG
h Xo h.b3 b bh 2
h A = b.h IYo = rYo = J CG = h + b2
2 12 12 12
X
b.h3 h
rX =
b
2 IX =
b
3 3
Rectangle

2h
b.h3 rX o =
h
IXo =
h CG 3
b.h
A=
Xo
X 36 18
b 2
b.h3 rX =
h
IX =
Triangle 12 6

Yo

R
CG
π .d 2 π .d 4 d π .d 4
rX o = rYo =
Xo
A= I X o = IYo = J CG =
4 64 4 32
d

Circle

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 56
T.Chhay

Shape Area (A) Moment of inertia (I ) Radius of gyration (r) Polar moment of inertia (J )

Yo

4R
3π
R
CG I X o = 0.1098 R 4 rX o = 0.264 R J CG = 0.5025R 4
πR 2
Xo

O
d
X
A= I Yo = I X =
πR 4 rYo = rX =
R
JO =
πR 4
2 2 4
8

Semi-cicle

d
d1

IXo =
(
π d 4 − d14 ) d 2 + d12
Xo
A=
(
πd 2
− d12 ) I Yo = I X o
64 rX o =
4
J CG =
(
π d 4 − d14 )
d 4 rYo = rX o 32
2

Yo
Hollow Circle

Yo

d
bd 3 − b1d1 bd 3 − b1d13
2
IXo = rX o =
CG
12 A J CG = I X o + I Yo
A = b.d − b1.d1
d d1 Xo
12
b 3 d − b13 d1 b 3 d − b13 d1
I Yo = rYo =
12 12 A
b1
b

Hollow Rectangle

Yo

I X o = I Yo = 0.0549 R 4 rX o = rYo = 0.2644 R

45° Xo
πR 2 J CG = 0.1098 R 4
X
A= πR 2 rX = 0.5 R
4R
4 IX =
3π
R 16

Quarter-cicle

6> plKuNniclPaB Production of inertia

plKuNniclPaBénépÞrab A eFobnwgGkS½ X GkS½ Y CaGaMgetRkalEdlmanrag I XY = ∫ xydA .
( A)

GacesμIsUnü b¤FMCagsUnü b¤tUcCasUnü eTAtamTItaMgéntMruy

I XY
Y

X , Y eFobnwgépÞrab A . plKuNniclPaBesμIsUnü kalNamanGkS½NamYy

¬GkS½ X b¤GkS½ Y ¦ CaGkS½qøúHénépÞrabenaH. X

kñúgkrNIenH I = 0 eRBaHGkS½ Y CaGkS½qøúH.

XY
b/2
b
m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 57
T.Chhay

RTwsþIbTGkS½RsbsMrab;m:Um:g;bUElr épÞrab A

I O = I C + A.d 2
Edl d = OC TIRbCMuTMgn; C

I m:Um:g;niclPaBb:UElrkat;tamTIRbCMuTMgn;
C
d

Y
RTwsþIbTGkS½RsbsMrab;plKuNniclPaB y épÞrab A

I xy = I XY + A.d x .d y
dx

X
C
dy

x
O

y Y
]TahrN_³ kMNt;plKuNniclPaBrbs;épÞrabeFobGkS½ x, y dUcbgðajkñúgrUb.
dMeNaHRsay³
kMNt;plKuNniclPaBeFobGkS½ x, y h
CG
X

tamRTwsþIbTGkS½RsbeeyIg)an
x
I xy = I XY + A.d x .d y b

eday I XY
b
/
= 0 dx =
2
dy =
h
2
/ / A = b.h
2 2
b h b .h
⇒ I xy = b.h. . =
2 2 4 Y
n
épÞrab A

7> rgVilGkS½ épÞGnnþtUc dA

m
RbBn§½kUGredaen X ,Y RtUv)anrgVil x
y.c

mMu α )anRbBn§½kUGredaenfμI m, n . n
os α

m
α
eyIg)anm:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab A eFob y

os α
x.s

GkS½ m EdlCaGkS½em (Principle axis) x.c α in α

in

y.s
α

X
I m = ∫ n 2 dA O
( A)

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 58
T.Chhay

eday n = y.cosα − x.sin α

cos 2α = 2 cos 2 α − 1 = 1 − 2 sin 2 a
cos 2α + 1
⇒ cos 2 α =
2

sin 2α = 2 sin α . cos α

I m = ∫ ( y. cos α − x.sin α ) dA
2

( A)
Im = ∫y cos 2 αdA − 2 sin α . cos α ∫ x. ydA + ∫x sin 2αdA
2 2

( )
A ( A) ( )
A

I m = I X cos 2 α − I XY sin 2α + I Y sin 2 α

cos 2α + 1 1 − cos 2α
Im = I X − I XY sin 2α + IY
2 2
Im =
IX
2
IY
cos 2α − I XY sin 2α − cos 2α + O
2
I
2
eday I O = I X + IY

⎛I I ⎞ I
I m = ⎜ X − Y ⎟ cos 2α − I XY sin 2α + O
⎝ 2 2⎠ 2
I m = I X cos 2 α − I XY sin 2α + I Y sin 2 α
edayeGayDIeprg;Esülénm:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½ m tammMu α esμIsUnüeyIg)an
= (IY − I X )sin 2α − 2 I XY cos 2α = 0
dI m
dα
2 I XY
tan 2α =
IY − I X
edayyk θ = α critical CamMuemEdleKGacTTYl)antMélm:Um:g;niclPaBFMbMputenAeBlrgVilGkS½.
1 ⎛ 2 I XY ⎞
⇒θ = tan −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
2 ⎝ IY − I X ⎠

8> rgVg;m: Mohr circle I XY

rgVg;m: CaviFIRkaPickñúgkarKNna
m:Um:g;niclPaBtamGkS½em.
X(IX ;I XY)
eKalbMNgrbs;rgVg;m: KWcg;rk
m:Um:g;niclPaBtamGkS½emGtibrma nigmMu IXY
2θ
I X ; IY
rgVilemRKITic θ . P(I
2 P2
;0) C D P(I
1 P1
;0)

eyIgKUstMruyEdlmanGkS½edkCa -IXY

GkS½m:Um:g;niclPaB I ; I nigGkS½QrCa
X Y
Y(I Y;-IXY )

IY
GkS½plKuNniclPaB I . XY IX

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 59
T.Chhay

p©itrgVg;m:RtUvenAelIGkS½edk.
edIm,Isg;düaRkamrgVg;m:)an eKRtUvsÁal; I ; I ; I X Y XY

sg;cMnuc X ( I ; I ) nig Y ( I ;− I )
X XY Y XY

+ IY ⎞
rYcP¢ab;cMnucTaMgBIr kat;GkS½edkeKTTYl)ancMnuc C . ykcMnuc C⎛⎜⎝ I X
2
;0 ⎟
⎠
Cap©itrgVg;m: .
( I X − IY ) 2
dUcenHkaMrgVg;m: CX = CY = R = 2
+ I XY
2
rYcsg;rgVg;m:p©it C kaM R .
eyIg)an tan 2θ = CDXD
=
I
I −I X
XY

Y
=
2 I XY
I X − IY
2
⎛ 2 I XY ⎞
dUcTisedArbs;GkS½em 1
⇒ θ = tan −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ Y n
2 ⎝ I X − IY ⎠
enAkñúgrgVg;m: ebIeyIgepþImBIcMnuc X mkrkcMnuc P eyIg 1 épÞrab A
RtUvqøgkat;tammMu 2θ . dUcenH eyIgRtUvcl½tknøHmMu 2θ RtUvnwg
mMu θ tamTisRTnicnaLika cab;BIGkS½ X énépÞrab A eyIgTTYl
X
)anTisedArbs;GkS½em m . m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½em m man O θ

tMélGtibrma I = I . m , max P1

edIm,ITTYl)anGkS½em n eyIgRKan;EtKUsEkgnwgGkS½em m
m enAelIépÞrabCakareRsc. m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½em n mantMélGtibrma I n , max = I P2 .

]TahrN_³ eKmanbnÞHEdkBIrpSaP¢ab;KñadUcbgðajkñúgrUb. cUrkMNt; Y

- TIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat; C ( x; y )
10mm
y
1

- m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½ X ;Y
- m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn; x; y 150mm

- plKuNniclPaBeFobGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn; x; y C(x,y)
x
- mMurgVilemRKITic
- m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½eménGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn; O 100mm
2 10mm
X

dMeNaHRsay³
- TIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat; C ( x; y)
140 10
A1 = 140 × 10 = 1400mm 2 y1 = + 10 = 80mm x1 = = 5mm
2 2
10 100
A2 = 100 × 10 = 1000mm 2 y2 = = 5mm x2 = = 50mm
2 2

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 60
T.Chhay

Edl A = A + A ⇒ A = 2400mm
1 2
2

∑ Ai . yi 1400 × 80 + 1000 × 5
y= ⇒y= = 48.75mm
A 2400
∑ Ai .xi 1400 × 5 + 1000 × 50
x= ⇒x= = 23.75mm
A 2400
C (23.75;48.75)
- m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½ X ;Y
I X = I XA1 + I XA2
10 × 1403
I XA1 = + 10 × 140 × 80 2 = 11.25 × 106 mm 4
12
100 × 103
I XA2 = = 0.03 × 106 mm 4
3
⇒ I X = 11.28 × 106 mm 4
140 × 103 10 × 1003
IY = + = 3.38 × 106 mm 4
3 3
- m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn; x; y
I x = I xA1 + I xA2
10 × 1403
I xA1 = + 10 × 140 × (80 − 48.75) = 3.654 × 106 mm 4
2

12
100 × 103
I xA2 = + 10 × 100 × (48.75 − 5) 2 = 1.922 × 106 mm 4
12
⇒ I x = 5.576 × 106 mm 4
I y = I yA1 + I yA2
140 × 103
I yA1 = + 140 × 10 × (23.75 − 5) 2 = 0.504 × 106 mm 4
12
10 × 1003
= + 10 × 100 × (50 − 23.75) = 1.522 × 106 mm 4
2
I yA2
12
⇒ I y = 2.026 × 106 mm 4

- plKuNniclPaBeFobGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn; x; y
I xy = I xyA1 + I xyA2

I xyA1 = 10 × 140 × 31.25 × (− 18.75) = −0.820 × 106 mm 4

I xyA2 = 10 × 100 × (− 43.75) × 26.25 = −1.148 × 106 mm 4

I xy = −1.968 × 106 mm 4

- mMurgVilemRKITic

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 61
T.Chhay

1 ⎛ 2I ⎞
θ = tan −1 ⎜⎜ xy
⎟
⎟
2 ⎝ I y − I x ⎠

⇒θ =
1 ⎛
tan −1 ⎜⎜
(
2 × − 1.968 × 106 ⎞)
⎟ = 24o
6 ⎟
⎝ 2.026 × 10 − 5.576 × 10 ⎠
6
2

- m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½eménGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn;
tamvIFIrgVilGkS½
I m = I x cos 2 θ − I xy sin 2θ + I y sin 2 θ
( )
⇒ I m = 5.576 × 106 × cos 2 24o − − 1.968 × 106 sin(2 × 24o ) + 2.026 × 106 × sin 2 24o = 6.45 × 106 mm 4

I n = I y cos 2 θ + I xy sin 2θ + I x sin 2 θ

( )
⇒ I n = 2.026 × 106 × cos 2 24o + − 1.968 × 106 sin(2 × 24o ) + 5.576 × 106 × sin 2 24o = 1.15 × 106 mm 4

tamviFIrgVg;m:
I XY

1.968

2θ=48
I X ; IY
1.151 2.026 5.575 6.45

-1.968

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 62
T.Chhay

lMhat;³
1> cUrKNnam:Um:g;niclPaBénragFrNImaRtxageRkameFob GkS½ X − X nig GkS½ Y − Y kat;tamGkS½
TIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;va
k> x> K>

2> KNnam:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞragRtIekaNxageRkam eFobGkS½ X − X kat;tamTIRbCMuTMgn; nigeFobGkS½

x − x RtYtsIuKñaCamYy)atRtIekaN.

3> KNnam:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞsmaseFobGkS½kUGredaenkat;tamTIRbCMuTMgn;xageRkam
k x>

K>

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 63
T.Chhay

X>

g>

c>

q>

C>

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 64
T.Chhay

Q>

4> cUrkMNt;³
- TIRbCMuTMgn;rbs;muxkat; C ( x; y)
- m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½ X ;Y
- m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn; x; y
- plKuNniclPaBeFobGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn; x; y
- mMurgVilemRKITic
- m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobGkS½eménGkS½TIRbCMuTMgn;
nUvragFrNImaRtxageRkam³
k> x>

K>

m:Um:g;niclPaBénépÞrab 65