CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY
EXPOSURE

 Industry

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INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRY
EXPOSURE

Industry

Group of
productive
organizations that
produce or supply
goods, services, or sources of income. In
economics, industries are customarily classified
as primary, secondary, and tertiary; secondary
industries are further classified as heavy and
light. Primary industry includes agriculture,
forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and
extracting minerals. Secondary or
manufacturing industry processes the raw
materials supplied by primary industries into

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consumer goods, or further processes goods
from other secondary industries, or builds
capital goods used to manufacture consumer
and nonconsumer goods; secondary industry
also includes energy-producing industries and
the construction industry.
Tertiary or service industry includes banking,
finance, insurance, investment, and real estate
services; wholesale, retail, and resale trade;
transportation, information, and
communications services; professional,
consulting, legal, and personal services;
tourism, hotels, restaurants, and
entertainment; repair and maintenance
services; education and teaching; and health,
social welfare, administrative, police, security,
and defense services.

EXPOSURE

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A technique used in cognitive-behavioral
therapy (also known as CBT) for reducing fear
and anxiety associated with situational
triggers. The basic idea behind exposure is that
the person becomes used to the situation to
the point that it no longer provokes anxiety.
There are two broad types of exposure that
differ in terms of intensity and how fast
triggers are introduced. Intensive exposure,
also known as flooding, typically involves rapid
exposure to feared situations. Systematic
desensitization involves gradual exposure
coupled with relaxation exercises when anxiety
levels become too great.

INDUSTRY EXPOSURE

Many developed countries (for example the UK,

the U.S., and Canada) and many
developing/semi-developed countries (People's
Republic of China, India etc.) depend
significantly on industry. Industries, the
countries they reside in, and the economies of
those countries are interlinked in a complex
web of interdependence.

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• The people or companies engaged in a
particular kind of commercial enterprise;
“each industry has its own trade
publications”

• The business of making goods and selling

these goods to make money.
Some industries at the time of
consideration were shipbuilding, railway
and canal construction and the production
of the farming tools.

• The organized action of making of goods

and services for sale;
“American industry is making increased use
of computers to control production”

• Industry is the segment of economy

concerned with production of goods.
Industry began in its present form during
the 1800’s, aided by technological
advances and it has continued to develop
to this day. Many “developed” countries

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 (U.S, U.K, and Canada) depend significantly
on industry.

IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRY EXPOSURE:-

Exposure is important for increasing

knowledge & improving the understanding
regarding any subject.
Therefore it becomes important & useful for
BBA student to go for I.E. It helps a lot of

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student to get practical knowledge regarding
industrial sector.
Industry exposure helps student in pursuing
their higher studies marketing, finance, HR
as it gives them an idea of working of various
departments of organization.
It helps the student to understand various
ways in which an industry functions. The
student comes to known about the different
methods of production that means the
method by production process takes place;
the students are able to know of need of
material, the way by which the raw material
is assembled for production, storage & then
how it is used or helpful in production
process.
Students also become aware regarding the
financial department including the process of
costing of the concerned industry, way of by
allocating funds, etc.
By visiting an industry students get the
answer of the following question.
 How are raw materials abroad for future
use?
 How the production is done?
 Which factors are used in production?
 What technology is being used?
 How the allocation of finance is done?

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  What are the sources of distribution of their
products?
 How they advertise?
Visiting different industries also help
students as the come in contact with people
in different level from to top level.
We interact with industry people at various
level, which improve their communication
skill. Sharing of knowledge with experienced
hands give them unique experience, it
reduce their hesitation & increase their
confidence. They also learn the different
between workers skill & managerial
potential.
They also get on opportunity to see the
environment of industrial sector. In brief
industry visit provides good platforms fulfill
dreams. So industry exposure is very
important.

NEED OF INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE:

Industry exposure gives you knowledge about
the work that goes on in the corporate world.
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Industry exposure widens our horizon to a
great extent.

According to the students prospective:

1. Through the industrial exposure we can
easily find the various facts and figures of
various sectors.

2. How will these sectors contribute to the

growth of the nation in terms of the rise in GDP
(Gross Domestic Product).

As per the economy’s point of view industrial

exposure:
1. It helps in providing employment on a large
scale to the masses.
2. Therefore industry development helps in
generating employment on a large scale.

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TYPES OF INDUSTRY

PRIMARY

They have already been shorn for their

wool. Some of them will be used for meat.

The industrial sector of an economy

characterized by the extraction and collection
of natural resources, such as copper and
timber, as well as by activities such as farming
and fishing. A company in a primary industry
can also be involved in turning natural
resources into products. Primary industry tends

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to make up a larger portion of the economy of
developing countries than they do for
developed countries. Also called primary sector
of industry. See also service industry,
secondary industry.
This sector of a nation’s economy includes
agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying,
and the extraction of minerals. It may be
divided into two categories: genetic industry,
including the production of raw materials that
may be increased by human intervention in the
production process; and extractive industry,
including the production of exhaustible raw
materials.

SECONDARY

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This is part of the factory which produces
Aga and Rayburn cooking stoves in
Coalbrookdale in Telford in Shropshire.
Coalbrookdale is a very historic site for
industry. Goods like iron cooking stoves
have been produced here for over 200
years.

The industrial sector of an economy

dominated by the manufacture of finished
products. Unlike a primary industry, which
collects and produces raw materials for
manufacture, a secondary industry makes
products that are more likely to be
consumed by individuals. Examples of
secondary industry divisions include
automobile manufacturing, steel
production and telecommunications. Also

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called secondary sector of industry. See
also primary industry, service industry.
The secondary sector of the economy
includes those economic sectors that
create a finished, usable product:
manufacturing and construction. This
sector generally takes the output of the
primary sector and manufactures finished
goods or where they are suitable for use
by other businesses, for export, or sale to
domestic consumers. This sector is often
divided into light industry and heavy
industry. Many of these industries
consume large quantities of energy and
require factories and machinery to convert
the raw materials into goods and
products.

TERTIARY

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This is a large department store in
Southampton.

The tertiary industry is one of three industry

types in a developed economy, the other two
being the primary (raw materials) and
secondary (goods production) industries. As an
economy becomes more developed, it will shift
its focus from primary to secondary and
tertiary industries.
The tertiary industry is split into two main
categories. The first is made up of companies
that are in the business of making money, such
as those in the financial industry. The second
comprises the non-profit segment, which
includes services such as state education.
The tertiary sector of economy involves the
provision of services to businesses as well as
final consumers. Services may involve the
transport, distribution and sale of goods from
producer to a consumer as may happen in
wholesaling and retailing, or may involve the
provision of a service, such as in pest control or
entertainment. Goods may be transformed in
the process of providing a service, as happens
in the restaurant industry or in equipment
repair. However, the focus is on people
interacting with people and serving the

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customer rather than transforming physical
goods.

QUATERNARY SECTOR

The quaternary sector of industry is the

sector of industry including the intellectual
services - research, development, and
information. It was once considered part of the
tertiary sector of industry. This includes the
high technology industry, with information and
communication technology and some forms of
scientific research, as well as education and
consulting, and information industry. The
quaterna ry sector can be seen as the sector in
which companies invest in order to ensure
further expansion. Research will be directed
into cutting costs, tapping into markets,
producing innovative ideas, new production
methods and methods of manufacture,
amongst others. To many industries, such as
the the pharmaceutical industry, the sector is
the most valuable because it creates future
branded products which the company will profit
from. According to some definitions, the
quaternary sector also includes all other pure
services, such as the entertainment industry.
There is also the notion of a "Quinary Sector"
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which would encompass health, education,
culture and research.

QUINARY SECTOR

The quinary sector of industry is the sector

of industry suggested by some geographers as
comprising health, education, culture,
research, police, fire service, and other
government industries not intended to make a
profit. These industries are mostly included in
the tertiary or quaternary sectors.
The quinary sector also includes domestic
activities such as those performed by stay-at-
home parents or homemakers. These activities
are not measured by monetary amounts but
make a considerable contribution to the
economy

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

In the last part of the 18th century, a new

revolution gripped the world that we were not
ready for. This revolution was not a political
one, but it would lead to many implications
later in its existance. Neither was this a social
or cultural revolution. This revolution was an
economic one.
The Industrial Revolution, as it know called by
historians, changed the ways by how the world
produced its goods. It also changed our
societies from a mainly agricultural society to
one that in which industry and manufacturing
was in control.
The industrial revolution first got its start in
Great Britain, during the 18th century, which at
the time was the most powerful empire on the
planet. So, it was inevitable that the country
with the most wealth would led in this
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revolution. After it adoption in England, other
countries such as Germany, the United States
and France joined in this revolution.

The Industrial Revolution started in England

around 1733 with the first cotton mill. A more
modern world had begun. As new inventions
were being created, factories followed soon
thereafter.
England wanted to keep its industrialization a
secret, so they prohibited anyone who had
worked in a factory to leave the country.
Meanwhile, Americans offered a significant
reward to anyone who could build a cotton-
spinning machine in the United States. Samuel
Slater, who had been an apprentice in an
English cotton factory, disguised himself and
came to America. Once here, he reconstructed
a cotton-spinning machine from memory. He
then proceeded to build a factory of his own.

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The Industrial Revolution had arrived in the
United States.
The Industrial Revolution brought severe
consequences to society. Factory owners,
needing cheap, unskilled labor, profited greatly
by using children and women to run the
machines. By the age of 6, many children were
already working 14 hours a day in factories!
These kids had no free time to do anything else
and earned low wages. Some got sick and died
because of the toxic fumes, while others were
severely injured and sometimes killed working
at the dangerous machines in factories.
Obviously, the Industrial Revolution had both
good and bad sides.
In our modern world, we make daily use of the
products of an industrialized era. These
products include a wide variety of goods
manufactured for our consumption. It has not
always been like this. There was a time when
almost all products were hand-made and the
factory system did not exist. The transition
from a world of artisan manufacture to a
factory system, and all its attendant benefits
with which we are familiar, is known as the
Industrial Revolution. It began in Britain in the
early years of the 18th century.

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