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Every book in the course must be read before the end of the semester.
Each book in the course must be read before the end of the semester.
(= This book and that book and that book etc. of the group of books) We use each when we think
of them more as one by one. There is a little less emphasis on the individual with Every when
comparing it to Each.
However notice that every cannot be used when referring to two things and is not common with
small numbers.
-- EVERY --
Every refers to all members of a group though considered individually. It can be used to talk
about three or more people/things.
We can also use every without a number and a singular noun to refer to regular intervals:
He plays football every Saturday.
She goes to the gym every day.
-- EACH --
Each refers to all members of a group though we think of them more one by one
(individually). Each can be used to talk about two or more people/things.
Each + one
One can be used to replace the singular countable noun if it has already been mentioned.
A: What do I have to do with these antique vases? B: You need to take each one out of
the box very carefully. (each one = each vase)
Each of + determiner + plural noun
Each can be followed by a determiner (my, his, the, etc.) and a plural noun.
Notice how after each of the verb is usually in singular form though when speaking informally,
you will sometimes hear a plural verb used.
Each as a pronoun
Each can be used by itself (without a noun) as a pronoun.
When the students finished to course, each was given a certificate. (Each = each of the
students)
Noun/Pronoun + each
Each can be used after the noun (or pronoun) it describes.
The parents gave their children some pocket money. To avoid problems,
they each received the same amount.
Object + each
Instead of going before/after the subject, each can appear after the object.
This is common when the noun object refers to an amount, how many of something there is or
when giving a price.
-- ALL --
All refers to the total number of people or things of a group. They are considered as a group and
not individually. There are minimum three things in the group.
All + noun
We can use All with a plural noun to make a generalization about an entire group of something.
Note that All of + singular noun is not common and Whole or Entire used instead of all of.
We can also remove OF before the determiner + noun (but we must use OF before a pronoun)
(= Goodbye John, goodbye Mary, goodbye Daniel… etc. until it has been said to ALL of the
students individually… Yes, there is a lot of repetition)
All students receive a certificate.
Every student receives a certificate.
I like all music (NOT every music)
Place all luggage on the counter. (NOT every luggage)
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