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Cybercrimes, Cyber Law and Computer Programs for

Security
Antonina Farion1, Valentyna Panasyuk2
1. Department of Economical Security and Financial Investigation, Ternopil National Economic University, UKRAINE,
Ternopil, 46 A Mykulynetska str., email: secretmail_antonina@ukr.net
2. Department of accounting in the industrial sphere, Ternopil National Economic University, UKRAINE, Ternopil, Peremohy
Square 3, email: Tina.panasjuk@gmail.com

Abstract: In this document we describe the situation that that cybercrime will cost the world $6 trillion annually by
was formed at the information market colligates with the 2021. This increasing are based on hundreds of major media
increasing the level of cybercrimes. Law regulation of this outlets, universities and colleges, senior government officials,
sphere can’t follow the development of information associations, industry experts, the largest technology and
technology that exacerbates the problems of cybercrime. cybersecurity companies, and cybercrime fighters globally
At the individuals’ level cybercrime is associated with the (Fig.1).
using of pirated software: malicious people can access the
7
user’s personal date.
6 6
Keywords: information technology, cyberspace,
5
intellectual property, cyber security, antivirus and
4 3
protection.
3
I. INTRODUCTION 2
1
Law and Information Technology are parallel objects and 0
many scientists prove that they complement each other. A lot trillion, 2015 trillion annually up by, 2021
of lawyers complain that law is always running behind the
process of developing information technology.
Fig. 1. Prediction for increasing of cybercrimes cost from
II. THEORETICAL BASIS 2015 annually by 2021
R. M. Kamble underlines that information technology It is direct connection of changing amount of internet
deals with information system, data storage, access, retrieval, users: 100000 in 1990 and 500 million people in 2013. These
analysis and intelligent decision making. Information date rapidly changed (Fig. 2).
technology refers to the creation, gathering, processing,
4
storage, presentation and dissemination of information and 3,8
3,5
also the processes and devices that enable all this to be done 1. 3
And computers become inalienable part of our life. 2,5
Cybercrime is defined as crimes committed on the internet 2 2 Billions of
using the computer as either a tool or a targeted victim. 1,5 internet users
Cybercrimes involve both the computer and the person 1
behind it as victims; it just depends on which of the two is the 0,5
main target 2. So cyberspace spreads and become more 0
dangerous because many people can be involved in it. 2015 2017
Criminals roam freely in cyberspace than in other
environment. Fig. 2. Quantity of internet users changing (2015-2017)
III. PRACTICE Cybercrimes have unique structure that is connected with
information technologies (Fig.3).
Cybercriminal activity is one of the biggest challenges that
Many crimes that involve the use of cyber-technology are
humanity will face in the next two decades 3. It is predicted
not genuine cybercrimes. Cyber-related crimes could be
further divided into two sub-categories:
1 R. M. Kamble. Cyber law and information technology. International − cyber-exacerbated crimes;
Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013 − cyber-assisted crimes.
2
Computer Crime Research Center. Cybercrime definition. Electronic access: Crimes involving cybertechnology could be
http://www.crime-research.org/articles/joseph06
3 Steve Morgan, Editor-in-Chief Cybersecurity Ventures. 2017 Cybercrime classified in one of three ways: cyber-specific crimes genuine
Report. Herjavec group. Electronic access: cybercrimes); cyber-exacerbated crimes; cyber-assisted
https://cybersecurityventures.com/2015-wp/wp- crimes.
content/uploads/2017/10/2017-Cybercrime-Report.pdf

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Cybercrimes

Stolen Theft Lost productivity

Date Money Intellectual Personal and Fraud

property financial date
Software

Fig. 3. Cybercrimes that connect with information technologies.

Like other kinds of crime, which historically grew in
relation to population growth, cybercrimes grow in

law
Telecommunications

Criminal law
proportion to digital targets. And cybercrimes are more

law

law
dangerous than the others because criminals can operate

Copyright
Contract

Patent
anonymously over the computer networks.

law
The difference between crimes is the hackers steal
intellectual property. Law that connects with cybercrimes
must cover IT area (Fig. 4).
Elements of various Trade
Cybercrimes area branches of the law mark
that connect with IT law
Freedom of
Communication
Information

Information

Banking
technology

Communications

expression Intellectual
technology

law law
property law

Privacy and Labour Tax

Consumer
data law law
protection
electronic format

protection law
communications

Software

law
Paper or

Electronic

The law of
Protocols

evidence

Fig. 5. Elements of various branches of the law that connect with IT

for creation the unique law for protection internet users’ property.
Hardware and
electronics
munications
Broadcasting

Software and
Telecom-

But can legislation stop cyber crime. Research shows that the
hardware

costs of cyber crime for companies in financial services and

utilities and energy have the highest annualized cost. The most
expensive attacks are malicious insiders, denial of service and
Web-based attacks [7]. In last 2017 year in the world the new
Fig. 4. Definition of cybercrimes area. kinds of cybercrimes appeared – machine learning accelerates
During last 20 years many security software were invited social engineering attacks or cloud computing providers’
for electronic date protection because in the world’s practice infection. But the necessary sections in the law that provide
there is not the single law that can regulate all IT relations. security from cybercrimes are not adopted so quickly. So,
There is a field of law that comprises elements of various cybersecurity is the main instrument in securing date from threats
branches of the law 4 (Fig. 5). (Fig.7).
Many computer criminals have been company employees, who
But even these parts of law are not enough to control were formerly loyal and trustworthy and who did not necessarily
cyberspace. Cybercrimes develop more quickly than others possess great computer expertise. To prevent increasing in
crimes (Fig. 6) [1]-[6]. Many countries have very few laws cybercrimes activity it is important to identify career criminals,
addressing cybercrime. including those involved in organized crime, who are now
− Love Bug Virus; using cyberspace to conduct many of their criminal activities.
− VB script that spread via email and corrupted many Some cyber-related crimes can be carried out by
different file types; professional’s offenders and might be undetected because
− FBI traced the virus to the Philippines. professional criminals do not typically make the same kinds
of mistakes as hackers, who often tend to be amateurs.
4 What is IT law, ICT law or Cyber law? Michalsons. Electronic access:
https://www.michalsons.com/blog/what-is-it-law-ict-law-or-cyber-law/286

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Cyber stalking is a crime in which the attacker harasses a victim using electronic communication, such as e-
mail or instant messaging, or messages posted to a Web site or a discussion group.

Computer files and records Information system Intellectual Property

Cybersquatting is registering, trafficking in, or using a domain name with bad-faith intent to profit from the
goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else.

Publishing of information, which is obscene in electronic form

Destroy property and stolen

Date diddling is the changing of date before or during entry into the computer system or altering the raw
date just before it is processed by a computer and then changing it back after the processing is completed.

A Trojan horse is a coded program which masks the existence of a virus or malware by making its
appearance look normal while containing malicious utilities transparent to the user; utilities that execute
unnoticed in the background until it is too late.

Internet time theft. It is the use by an unauthorized person of the Internet hours paid for by another person.

Email spoofing is the forgery of an email header so that the message appears to have originated from
someone or somewhere other than the actual source

An email bomb is a form of Internet abuse which is perpetrated through the sending of massive volumes of
Who can email to a specific email address with the goal of overflowing the mailbox and overwhelming the mail
suffer server hosting the address, making it into some form of denial of service attack.
from
cybercri A salami attack is when small attacks add up to one major attack that can go undetected due to the nature of
mes? this type of cyber crime.

Web-jacking - the hacker gains access and control over the web site of another.

Owners of Mobile phones and gadgets Bank accounts Files on their computers

Fig. 6. Classification of Cyber Crimes and people who are affected by them.

Information age is so called because our life is codified by phishing, or aid in identity theft. But the real opportunity is
date: almost everything we do or buy, and everything we these devices linking to your smartphone, where phone
depend on, involves data and the technology that uses it. numbers, more personally identifiable information, emails,
Cyber criminals are building so called “an army of things” web logins etc. could theoretically be compromised [10].
that has the potential to impact the future of the digital Cybercrime activity is spreading around the world. For
economy [9]. Impact of a cyber attack could include decreasing the cybercrimes in Europe, Cooperation Group,
substantial loss of revenue and margin, of valuable data, and the Commission, the European Union Agency for Network
of other company assets. Quantity of cybercriminals and Information Security should be established to support
increases quickly around the world. Now cybercrimes are information security within the EU countries [12]. According
connected international serious organized crime groups, to Directive (EU) 2016/1148 the certain sectors of the
smaller-scale, domestic criminals and hacktivists. economy are already regulated or may be regulated in the
Although the most serious threat comes, directly or future by sector-specific Union legal acts that include rules
indirectly, from international crime groups, the majority of related to the security of network and information systems.
cyber criminals have relatively low technical capability. Each Member State shall designate one or more national
Their attacks are increasingly enabled by the growing online competent authorities on the security of network and
criminal marketplace, which provides easy access to information systems.
sophisticated and bespoke tools and expertise, allowing these Member States shall ensure that digital service providers
less cyber criminals to exploit a wide range of vulnerabilities identify and take appropriate and proportionate technical and
[10]. There is also situation when companies’ websites were organizational measures to manage the risks posed to the
subject to the criminal access of a customer records database, security of network and information systems which they use
followed by a ransom demand asking for payment in in the context of offering services referred to in Annex III
exchange for the return of stolen data. The wearables are within the Union. Having regard to the state of the art, those
rapidly gaining popularity with smartwatches. Wearables are measures shall ensure a level of security of network and
tracking all sorts of personal information including GPS information systems appropriate to the risk posed, and shall
location, blood pressure, heart rate, and anything else you take into account the following elements: the security of
feed them such as weight or diet. Such personally identifiable systems and facilities, incident handling, business continuity
information could be used as a base to target you for spear- management, monitoring, auditing and testing [12].

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CA Microsoft Security Essentials Passwords

Viruses
and worms Hackers’
PC tools
Bit defender attacks
Viper Trend
Mc Firewalls
micro Quick heal
G date Afee Personal control
Firewalls
F-secure Webroot
Kaspersky
Malware
Norton Panda Antivirus
Trojan horses Security
Avast
suites
Cyber
Strong passwords and never monitoring
Password cracking used the same password for State control
two different sites Network security

Fig. 7. Types of security in the network space.

The top industries at the greatest risk of cyber attack (Fig. [5] Aj. Maurya. What is a salami attack? Available at:
8) [11]. https://ajmaurya.wordpress.com/2014/03/27/what-is-a-
salami-attack/
II Place IV Place [6] Email Bomb. Electronic access:
• Healthcare • Manufacturing
• Financial • Government
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1655/email-
Services
bomb
I Place III Place [7] Cost of cyber crime study. Insights on the security
investments that make a difference. Independently
conducted by Ponemon Institute LLCand jointly
developed by Accenture. Available at:
Fig. 8. The top 4 industries at the greatest risk of cyber
attack. https://www.accenture.com/t20170926T072837Z__w__/
us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-61/Accenture-2017-
IV. CONCLUSION CostCyberCrimeStudy.pdf
Cyber crimes are intrinsically challenging for business [8] Cyber security. Available at:
companies and governments. Security has to be developed https://www.slideshare.net/Siblu28/cyber-security-
quicker then types of cyber crimes because solutions that may 36922359
have worked last year may not necessarily work this year or [9] Cyber criminals a growing threat to digital economy.
next. Available at:
https://www.gtnews.com/2017/03/29/cyber-criminals-a-
REFERENCES growing-threat-to-digital-economy/
[10] NCA Strategic Cyber Industry Group. Cyber Crime
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Assessment 2016. Need for a stronger law enforcement
http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/cyberstalk
and business partnership to fight cyber crime. Available
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[2] Cybersquatting. Available at:
http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/publications/70
http://searchmicroservices.techtarget.com/definition/cybe
9-cyber-crime-assessment-2016/file
rsquatting
[11] 5 industries that top the hit list of cyber criminals in
[3] E-mail spoofing. Available at:
2017. Available at: http://www.infoguardsecurity.com/5-
http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/email-
industries-top-hit-list-cyber-criminals-2017/
spoofing
[12] EUR-lex. Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the
[4] What is a Trojan Horse Virus? - Definition, Examples &
European Parliament and of the Council. Available at:
Removal Options. Available at:
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-trojan-
content/EN/TXT/?toc=OJ%3AL%3A2016%3A194%3A
horse-virus-definition-examples-removal-options.html
TOC&uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2016.194.01.0001.01.ENG

ACIT 2018, June 1-3, 2018, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic