Pavan+Advanced QTP Guide

Quick Test Professional 10.
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I) Basic features of QTP
o QTP Launched in 2002 (Nov). By Mercury Interactive. Later taken over by

HP, in 2007.
o QTP is an Object Based Testing Tool.
o QTP is for functional and Regression Testing.
o It follows Keyword driven approach.
o It supports Windows Operating Environment only.
o It supports GUI based (Graphical user interface) and Web based
Applications Automation, does not support CUI (Command user interface)
Applications.
o It has multilingual support. (It supports English, Chinese, Japanese,
Korean, etc languages with respect to license.)
o It has adapted Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting edition for programming
and excel like spread sheet for Data driven testing.
o SQL (Structured query language) embedded or inserted with QTP, so we
can use SQL statements directly from QTP.
o It can be integrated with other Tools like WinRunner and Quality Center.
o It can be used for user interface (UI) test case automation and some
limited (Non UI) Test case automation like File system operations and Data
base operations.
o It was derived from Astra QuickTest (mother tool of QTP).
o It supports IE (Internet Explorer) only for recording tests, for execution it
supports other browsers like Mozilla and AOL, opera Etc apart from IE.
o QTP is a Desktop Application (I-Tier/Stand alone).
o QTP has two types of License,
1. Seat or Node locked License,
2. Concurrent or float license.
Seat license for one system and Concurrent License, we can use for any
system but one user at any time. If we want multiple concurrent licenses we
can purchase.
o QTP has UNI code support.
Version History of QTP
• Astra Quick test (Mother tool of QTP) 1.0 to 5.0

• Quick Test Professional
• 5.6 – Nov 2002
• 6.5 – 2003
• 8.0 – 2004
• 8.2, 8.3 –2005
• 9.0,9.1-2006
• 9.2- 2007 mercury interactive
• 9.5 –2008 H.P
• 10.00 –2009 January
Add-In Manager
QTP supports almost all industry leading technologies, but by default it does not
support, with respect to add in license it supports.
Default Add- ins of QTP are:
• Activex
• Visual basic
• Web.
Other available Add Ins are: .NET, Java, People soft, Siebel, TE (Terminal
Emulators), SAP for GUI, Sap for Web, Oracle Apps, Web Services etc.
During QTP launching it shows Add in manger dialog box, Add in Manger lists out all
available Add Ins in the company.
User needs to select appropriate Add Ins for his application or AUT.
One can select more than one Add Ins also; if we select unnecessary Add Ins QTP
performance will be reduced.
Launching QTP
We can launch QTP BY selecting desktop icon otherwise start > programs> QTP
Professional > QTP.
During launching it shows Add-In Manager.
Add-in manager window
Select appropriate Add Ins and click okay.
Quick Test Launches
II) Key Elements of QTP Tool Window
QTP Tool Window
1) Test Pane:
It is programming interface of QTP, used for creating, editing, viewing and deleting
test scripts.
Test: It is a set of statements or set of one or more actions. (It is a local concept)
Action: It is a set of Statements. (It is a local concept)
Statement: A minimal executable unit. Statements may have keywords. (Keyword

such as function, method, statement etc). It is a global concept.
Test pane has 2 views.
Expert view- Test in VB script format.
QTP Test Pane-Expert View
Key word view- Test in Icon based GUI format.
QTP Test Pane-Keyword View
Note1: Here in test pane Test is same but views are different, if you perform any
modifications in one view those automatically reflects in another view.
Note 2: Technical users use expert view and business user use key word view.
Note 3: User can customize Test pane view options.
Navigation: Tools Menu> view options> we can use font size and colors etc.
2) Active Screen
It has an optional element of QTP, it takes snap shots of every statement that user
performed action or operation on AUT.
It can be used for understanding and editing the test easily.
Navigation: View menu>active screen (for launching and closing)
Configuring active screen: view>options>active screen tab>increase /Decrease

capture level, apply and okay.
Note 1: Generally novice testers use this feature but it occupies lot of memory space
on QTP.
Active Screen
3) Data Table
It has an integrated spread sheet (Excel like), used for Data driven testing.
Navigation: View menu>Data table (for launching and closing)
Data driven Testing: Testing the same task(S) or same operation with multiple sets
of test data.
It can be used in two ways.
1. Enter test data directly into Data Table and use.

2. Importing data from external files (Flat files, excel sheets, etc) and Data
bases (MS access, Sql Server, oracle, etc.)
It has two types of sheets.
1. Global Sheet- for entire test /used for all actions in the test.
2. Action Sheets- for specific action only.
Data table available in 2 ways:
1. Design time data table. (Attached with every test)

2. Run time data table. (Available in result window)
Run time is a carbon copy of design time data table.
QTP has Data table methods for performing operations on data table.
QTP Tool window- Data Table
4) Debug Viewer
It is used for locating and rectifying or fixing errors.
It can be used for debugging the tests by step-by-step execution.
We use step into, step over and step out commands for debugging. (debug
commands)
Through Debug viewer user can watch variables and change values of variables
temporarily.
Navigation: View menu>debug viewer (for launching and closing)
QTP Tool Window-Debug Viewer
5) Missing Resources
It can be used for showing missing resources those attached to current test such as
(recovery scenarios, library files etc).
Navigation: View menu >missing resources (for launching and closing)
6) Information
This pane shows syntax errors automatically during saving the test.
Navigation: view menu> information
QTP Tool Window-Information Pane
7) QTP Commands
QTP Commands are available in 3 ways.
1. Menu options
2. Tool Bar options
3. Short cut keys (for Some important operations only)
File menu: Through file menu user can create, save tests, open existing tests,
export tests in zip format.
Edit Menu: It provides editing options and renaming, deleting and splitting actions.
View menu: Through this menu we can launch and close, active screen, Data Table,
Debug viewer, information, missing resources etc.
Insert Menu: Through this menu user can inserting check points, out put values,
synchronizing points.
In this menu step generator available, using this user can generate recordable and
non-recordable scripts.
Through insert menu user can insert VB Script conditional and loop statements and
transaction points (Start and End).
Through insert menu user can create new actions, call existing actions and copy
existing actions.
Automation Menu:
This menu provides Record, Run options and Run setting options
Through this menu we can start normal recording, analog recording and Low level
recording.
Through this menu we can stop recoding, running and also we run tests.
Resources Menu:
This menu provides object repository and recovery scenarios options.
Through this menu we can create /modify/delete objects information and we can
associate repositories.
Through this menu we can create, modify and delete recovery scenarios.
Debug Menu:
This menu provides debug commands for step by step execution.
Through this menu we can insert/remove/break points.
Tools Menu:
This menu provides Tools settings option, view options and object identification
configuration.
Through this menu we can set tool options as well as test pane view options.
In this menu object spy option available, through this we can get object’s
information.(Properties and values)
In this menu Virtual object option available; through this option we can create virtual
objects.
Window Menu:
This menu provides QTP tool window style settings.
Help Menu:
This menu provides QTP help as well as VB Script help.
Through this menu we can contact technical support people and we can send
feedback.
Through this menu we can check for updates and download or install directly.
III) QTP Testing Process
Planning
o Analyzing the AUT
o Generating/Selecting Test cases for Automation
o Collecting Test Data
o Automation Framework Implementation
o QTP Tool Settings Configuration
Generating Tests
o Recording
o Keyword driven methodology
o Descriptive Programming
Enhancing Tests
o Inserting Checkpoints
o Inserting Output values
o Adding Comments
o Synchronization
o Parameterization
o Inserting Flow Control Statements
o Calling Functions/Actions
o Generating Steps though Step Generator
o Inserting Transaction Points
o Using Regular Expressions
o Using Environment Variables
Debugging Tests
o Debug Commands & Break Points
o Step by step execution
o Watching Variables
o Changing values of variables
Running Tests
o Normal Execution
o Batch Execution
o AOM Scripting
o Tests Running through framework
o Scheduled Execution
Analyzing Results
o QTP Result window
o Defining our own Results
o Exporting Results
o Deleting Results
Reporting Defects
o Manual Defect Reporting
o Tool based Defect Reporting
o Working with Quality Center
Analyzing the AUT
Before we begin creating a test, we need to analyze our application and determine
our testing needs.
First, determine the development environments in which our application controls

were developed, such as Web, Java, or .NET, so that we can load the required
QuickTest add-ins.
Then determine the functionality that we want to test. To do this, consider the
various activities that customers perform in our application to accomplish specific
tasks. Which objects and operations are relevant for the set of business processes
that need to be tested? Which operations require customized keywords to provide
additional functionality?
While we are thinking about the business processes we want to test, consider how
we can divide these processes into smaller units, which will be represented by our
test's actions. Each action should emulate an activity that a customer might perform
when using your application.
As we plan, try to keep the amount of steps we plan to include in each action to a
minimum. Creating small, modular actions helps make our tests easier to read,
follow, and maintain.
Recording and Running:
In QTP there are 3 recording modes available for preparing Tests.
1. Normal Recording
It records User Mouse and Keyboard operations on AUT with respect to objects, but
unable to record continuous mouse operations like Digital Signatures, graphs, paints
etc.
During recording QTP generates VbScript statements in Test Pane, Simultaneously it

stores objects information into object repository.
Navigation: Automation>Record
Or
Select Record option on automation toolbar
Or
Use short cut key (F3)
Steps for preparing a Test (through Recording):
1. Put AUT in base state

2. Select Record Option
3. It shows Record and Run Settings, Select type of Environment (Windows or
Web)
4. Select Record Option
(It shows two Options :

1. Record and Run Test on any open window based applications
2. Record and Run only on
If we select first option it records on any opened application on Desktop.

If we select Second option, it asks for the path of the AUT, After Providing the
path it records only on that particular application.)
5. Click OK
6. Perform actions on AUT
7. Stop recording.
8. Save the Test
2. Analog Recording:
It records the exact mouse and keyboard operations. We can use this mode for
recording continuous mouse operations. It is not useful for recording normal
operations why because it does not generate steps for each operation, generates
total user actions in a Track File. The Track file is not editable.
Navigation:
1. Keep tool under recording mode
2. Automation >Analog Recording
OR
Use Short cut Key (Shift + ALT+F3)
Steps for preparing a TEST (through Analog Recording):
1. Launch AUT (or we can launch AUT through QTP)

2. Select Record option
3. Automation>Analog Recording
4. Analog Recording Settings Dialog box opens
(In this Dialog box two options available.
1. Record relative to the screen

2. Record relative to the following window
If we select first option QTP records User operations with respect to Desktop co-
ordinates.
If we select Second option, we have to show the window (AUT), after showing
the Window it records with respect to that window co-ordinates.)
5. Select any one option in the dialog box and click Start Analog record.
6. It records User actions
7. Stop Recording
3. Low Level Recording
It records some operations on Non-supported environments apart from Normal

operations.
This mode records at the object level and records all run time objects as window or
winobject Test objects.
Use Low Level Recording for recording in an environment not recognized by QTP.
Navigation:
1. Keep tool under recording mode
2. Automation >Low Level Recording
Steps for preparing a TEST (through Low Level Recording):
1) Launch AUT (or we can launch AUT through QTP)

2) Select Record option
3) Automation> Low Level Recording
4) Perform options on AUT
5) Stop Recording
6) Save the Test
Object Repository
Object Repository:
It is a storage place of QTP where we can store the objects information and it also
acts as interface between the test script and the AUT in order to identify the
objects during execution.
Object:
Object is something, which has structure and properties.
Software objects:
We call windows, WebPages, buttons, edit boxes, check boxes etc.. as software
objects.
Types of Object in QTP:
There are four types of object available in QTP.
1. Run time objects

2. Test objects
3. Utility objects
4. Automation objects/User defined objects.
Run time objects: The objects present in the AUT. Ex: Buttons, links, etc…
Test Objects: References of Run time objects. Ex: WinEdit, WinButton, WebButton,
Link, etc…
Note:
Test objects names vary from one environment to another.
Ex:
Run time objects Test objects in Test objects in VB Test objects in
windows Environment web Environment
Environment
buttons WinButton VBButton WebButton
Edit box WinEdit VBEdit WebEdit
Check box Wincheckbox Vbcheckbox Webcheckbox
Utility objects
They are QTP reserved objects used for testing and result reporting.
Ex:
1. SystemUtil for launching/closing the application.
2. Reporter for defining results.
3. Services for inserting transaction points
4. Environment for using environment variables
Automation objects/User defined objects
User can create objects; those can be used for performing specific operations. Ex:
Creating objects in file system object class, adodb.connection class, dictionary object
class, excel. Application class etc.
There are two types of repository available in QTP.

1. Local repository (.MTR extension)
2. Shared repository(.TSR extension)
Local Repository:
QTP creates a Local Repository for every action automatically during Recording.
That cannot be shared among tests.
User can add some more objects to Local repository
User can perform rename, delete operations in local repository. As it is QTP

internal file user no need to save modifications.
Navigation: Resource menu>object repository (Short cut key Ctrl+R)
QTP- Local Repository
Shared Repository:
User (Test Engineer) creates shared repository by adding objects. That can be
shared among number of tests.
Using this method user can perform modifications on objects easily.
Operations on Object Repository
Adding objects
a. Local Repository:
Navigation: open local repository (resource menu>object repository)

>objects>Add objects to Local>show the object>click ok
(No need to save separately, it saves automatically)
B. Shared Repository:
Navigation: Resource menu>object repository manager>object>Add

objects>show the window/object>click ok
o Selected object only
o Default object types
o All objects types
o Selected object types
(If we select first option it stores Selected objects only, if we select second option it
stores all default objects, if we select third option it stores All objects including static
objects, if we select fourth option, we have to select object classes then it stores
that class objects, we can select more than one class also.)
Renaming objects
Resources > object repository >select object and right click >choose rename option
>modify the name>release the mouse.>close repository
b. Shared Repository:
Resources >object repository manager>file>open>browse path of the repository file

>file>enable editing>select object &Right click>choose rename option>modify the
name > release mouse>save the file & close repository manager.
Deleting objects
Resources > object repository >select object and right click >choose delete option
>confirm deletion>. >close repository
b. Shared Repository:
Resources >object repository manager>file>open>browse path of the repository file

>file>enable editing>select object &Right click>choose delete option>confirm the
deletion >save the file & close repository manager.
Associating objects repositories to an action
Resources>Associate repositories>click add icon (+)>browse path of the

repository>Associate with an action>click ok
Merging Repositories
Resources > object repository manager>tools>object repository merge tool >browse

path of the first repository> browse path of the second repository>click ok>click
close>save the merged repository>close the repository manager.
Note: After merging also, source repository files will be available, if we do not want
source files we can delete.
Defining new test objects
Navigation: Object>Define new test object >Select Environment>Select Class of the

object>Enter name of the object>Click Add>click close>Select object >select
property name>enter value (like this select one by one properties and enter
values)>save
Note: This feature can be used for preparing tests before the AUT is ready.
Spying objects
For getting objects information, (Test objects names, property & Values) QTP is
providing a feature called Object Spy, using this we can get objects information.
Navigation>Tools>object spy>take hand icon & Show the object>get information

(Object Spy shows the specific objects all available properties with their values)
Note: As Object spy is an important feature, it can be available in 3 Areas.(1. In

tools Menu 2. In local repository 3. In Repository manager)
View Options
Locate in Repository
This feature can be used for identifying objects from application to repository.
Navigation: View>Locate in repository >show the object>click Ok>it locates
specified object in the repository.
Highlight in Application
This feature can be used for identifying objects from repository to application.
Navigation: Select object in the repository >view>highlight in application>it
highlights specified objects in the application.
Exporting Repository to an XML file
We can export our repository file to an xml file.
Navigation: File >export Test objects to XML Enter the file name and Save with xml
extension.
Importing Repository from XML file
We can import XML file to our repository.
Navigation: File>import from XML >browse path of the XML file >it loads objects.
Note: The purpose of this feature is Editing objects information outside of the QTP
Descriptive Programming
Entering / Providing objects information directly into the test script is called
Descriptive Programming.
In this method of script creation, we no need to have Object Repositories.
Advantages:
a) Descriptive Programming based Test scripts are faster in execution than

Repository based Test scripts.
b) Scripts are portable (we can run these scripts from any machine easily)
c) Maintenance is easy (less amount of resources)
d) We can start Test Execution process even though Application is not ready.
Descriptive programming is basically 2 types.
1. Static Programming
2. Dynamic Programming
Static Programming
In this style of script generation, we provide objects information directly into the
script.
Ex:
Invokeapplication "C:\Program Files\HP\QuickTest
Professional\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe"
dialog("text:=Login").Activate
dialog("text:=Login").Winedit("attached text:=Agent Name:").Set "asdf"
dialog("text:=Login").Winedit("attached text:=Password:").Set "mercury"
dialog("text:=Login").Winbutton("text:=OK","width:=60").Click
Note:
1. Dialog, WinEdit and WinButton – Test Objects
2. text, attached text - Property names
3. Login, Agent Name:, Password:, OK - Property values or Logical Names of the
Object
4. Activate, Set, Setsecure, Click - Methods
Note2:
If we feel one property information is not sufficient for recognizing the object
uniquely, then we can provide more properties information by separating with
commas.
Note 3:
If we want to get objects information (Test objects, properties and values), we can
use object spy feature. This feature is available in Tools Menu, in local repository and
in repository manager.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
If we want maintain ‘Objects information’ in centralized location then we can use
Constants.
Steps:
Creating Constants:
Const Login="text:=Login", Agent="attached text:=Agent Name:"
Const Pwd ="attached text:=Password:", Ok="text:=OK"
Note: we can declare no of Constants in a line by separating with Camas (,), if we

take other line then we have to use Const Statement again.
Creating a Library file
Place Constants in Notepad and save as .vbs file
Associate the Library file to QTP (File->Settings->Resources-> Click add (+) icon->
Browse path of the Library file->Click Apply and click Ok buttons
Otherwise, we can load the library file during run-time
Syntax:
ExecuteFile “Path of the Library file(.vbs)”
After that create the Test Script using Constants
Creating the Test Script using Constants:

Dialog(Login).Activate
Dialog(Login).Winedit(Agent).Set "asdf"
Dialog(Login).Winedit(Pwd").Set "mercury"
Dialog(Login).Winbutton(Ok).Click
Advantages:
If we maintain Object Information in the centralized location, then we can handle

modifications easily.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Dynamic Programming
In this style of script generation, first we create description objects, provide

properties information and use description objects in the test script.
Creating Properties Collection Objects
Set oLogin=description.Create
Set oAgent=description.Create
Set oPassword=description.Create
Set oOk=description.Create
Entering Properties Information into Objects
oLogin("text").value="Login"
oLogin("width").value=320
oLogin("height").value=204
oAgent("attached text").value="Agent Name:"
oPassword("attached text").value="Password:"
oOk("text").value="OK"
Generating Tests using Properties collection Objects

Dialog(oLogin).Activate
Dialog(oLogin).Winedit(oAgent).Set "asdf"
Dialog(oLogin).Winedit(oPassword).Set "mercury"
Dialog(oLogin).Winbutton(oOK).Click
Note1: Create Description objects and put into one library file, by associating that
library file, we can generate tests.
Note2: Dynamic programming is some difficult in preparation than static

programming but maintenance is very easy.
----------------------------------------------------
In this style of script creation also, we can maintain Objects information in the
Centralized location by putting collection objects in a Library file.
----------------------------------------------------
Methods or Operations
Activate: It activates dialog boxes/Windows
Syntax: Object hierarchy. Activate
Ex:
Dialog(“Login”).Activate
Window(“Flight Reservation”).Activate
Click Method: It clicks on an object (Buttons)

Syntax: Object hierarchy. Click
Ex:
Dialog(“Login”).Winbutton(“ok”).click
Close Method: It closes the window,Dialog box, Browser window etc.
Syntax: Object hierarchy. Close
Ex:
Window(“Flight Reservation”).Close
Browser(“Browser”).Close
DBL CLICK: It Double clicks the object.
Set Method: It can be used in three ways.
a. For setting the value of an edit box

Syntax: Object Hierarchy. SET “Value”
Ex: Dialog (“Login”).WinEdit(“Agent Name”).Set “asdf”
b. Selecting a Radio Button

Syntax: Object Hierarchy. Set
Ex: Window("Flight Reservation").WinRadioButton("Business").Set
c. Selecting/Deselecting check boxes

Syntax:object Hierarchy.Set “ON/off”
Ex: Window ("Flight Reservation"). Dialog("Open Order").WinCheckBox("Order

No.").Set "ON"
Select Method:
It is used for selecting an item from a combo box or list box.

Syntax: Object hierarchy.select “item”
Ex:
A. Window("Flight Reservation").WinComboBox("Fly From:").Select "London"
B. Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Flights Table").WinList("From").Select
"12572
GetVisibletext: It returns Text from the specified area.
Syntax: Variable =object hierarchy.getvisibletext
Ex:
x=Window("Flight Reservation").WinComboBox("Fly From:").GetVisibleText
msgbox x
GetRoproperty:
It returns current object property value. It can be used for getting any object’s, any
property value.
Syntax: Variable = object hierarchy.getroproperty (“property name”)
Ex: x=Window("Flight Reservation").WinEdit("Tickets:").GetROProperty ("width")
msgbox x
Navigate Method:
It opens a specified URL in the Browser.
Syntax: object hierarchy.navigate “URL”
Ex: Browser("Yahoo!").Navigate "http://www.google.co.in"
Getitemscount: It returns number of items in a combobox.
Syntax: Variable=object hierarchy.getitemscount

Ex: x=Window("Flight Reservation").WinComboBox("Fly From:").GetItemsCount
msgbox x
Getcontent: It returns all items from a combobox.

Syntax: variable=object hierarchy.GetContent
Ex: x=Window("Flight Reservation").WinComboBox("Fly From:").GetContent
msgbox x
Exist property: It checks whether the object is available or not.

Syntax: Object hierarchy.exist(time in seconds)
Ex: Window("Flight Reservation").Exist(5)
Enhancing Tests
After generating the basic test, we have to enhance the test in order to Test the AUT
with respect to requirements.
There are several methods available in QTP for enhancing the TEST.
1. Inserting Check Points

2. Inserting Output Values
3. Adding Comments
4. Inserting Flow Control Statements
5. Synchronization
6. Parameterization
7. Generating Steps through Step Generator
8. Inserting Transaction Points:(Start and End)
Inserting Checkpoints
Check point is a verification point, it takes expected result from the user and
compares with actual results during execution and provides test results.
There are 11 Checkpoints available in QTP:
1. Standard check point

2. Text check point
3. Text area check point
4. Bit map check point
5. Data base check point
6. Accessibility check point
7. XML Check point (from Application)
8. XML Check point (from Resource)
9. Page check point
10. Image checkpoint
11. Table checkpoint
Note 1: From 6 to 11 checkpoints are only for Web.
Note 2: From 9 to 11 checkpoints are hidden checkpoints, we can insert these
checkpoints through standard checkpoint.
1. Standard Checkpoint:
It checks object property values. We can use this checkpoint for checking any
property value.
Navigation for Inserting standard checkpoint
Keep tool under recording mode > place cursor in desired location > Insert >
check point > Standard checkpoint > Show the object > click okay > select
property and enter expected results & click Ok and stop Recording.
Navigation for Editing standard checkpoint
Select Checkpoint statement and right click > choose checkpoint properties
option > modify the value > click Ok.
Navigation for Deleting standard checkpoint:
Select Checkpoint statements and right click > choose delete option.
Inserting Standard check points through active screen:
View > Active Screen >place cursor in desired location >Place mouse pointer on
active screen & right click> choose insert standard checkpoint option > click ok >
enter expected result > click ok
Note: Inserting Standard check points through keyword view same as in expert
view.
Note: We can insert standard checkpoints in 3 ways.
1. Through expert view,

2. Through keyword view,
3. Through Active screen.
2) Text Checkpoint:
It Checks object’s text property value in different ways.
Navigation:
Keep tool under Recording mode >Insert menu > checkpoint > Text checkpoint
> Show the object > click ok > Select options
(Match case; ignore spaces, exact match, text not displayed.)
We can select one or more options > click ok & stop Recording.
3) Text Area Checkpoint:
It checks the text area present in the application.
Navigation:
Keep tool under Recording mode > Insert menu> Checkpoint > Text area
checkpoint > Mark the area of text > select one or more options
(Match case, ignore spaces, exact match, text not displayed.)
Click ok and stop recording.
4. Bitmap checkpoint:
It compares bitmaps; we can compare complete bitmaps as well as part of the

bitmaps.
Navigation:
Keep tool under Recording mode > Insert menu > Checkpoint > Bitmap
checkpoint > show the Bitmap >click ok >select “check only selected area”
option if we want to compare part of the bitmap > click ok >stop recording.
5. Database checkpoint:
It checks Content of the back end Database.
Navigation:
Insert > checkpoint > Database checkpoint >choose “specify SQL statement
manually” option >click next > click create > select machine data source >
Select DSN (QT_flight32) > click ok > enter SQL statement (select * from
orders) > finish > click ok.
Note: here we do not need to put tool under Recording mode and we do not
need AUT since data is from backend.
6. Accessibility check point:
It checks whether the webpage in our web application is developed according to

W3C (World Wide Web consortium) Rules and Regulations or not.
It is a configurable checkpoint, according to our requirements, we can customize.
Configuring accessibility checkpoint:
Tools menu> options >web > advanced > check/uncheck items > click apply >
click ok
Invigilation:
Keep tool under recording mode with web environment
>insert>checkpoint>accessibility checkpoint>show the webpage>click ok>click
ok>stop recording.
Result Criteria:
a) If item is available but not according to W3C rules then fail.
b) If an item is available, according to W3C rules then Pass.
c) If an item is not available then result would be pass
7. XML Check point (from Application)
It checks content of the XML file.
Navigation:
Keep tool under Recording mode in web environment > insert menu >
checkpoint (from application)> show the xml pages >click ok > stop Recording.
8. XML Check point (from Resource)
It checks content of the XML file.
Navigation: Insert menu > checkpoint >xml checkpoint (from resource) >
browse path of the XML File > click ok > click ok.
Note: 1. If XML file is an individual and path available, and then we can go for
inserting xml checkpoint from resource.
Note: 2. If XML file is part of web application, separate path is not available then
we can choose inserting XML checkpoints from application.
9. Page checkpoint:
It checks number of Links, Images and Loading time in a web page.
It is a hidden checkpoint; we can insert this through standard checkpoint.
Navigation:
Keep tool under Recording mode with web environment > Insert menu >
checkpoint > Standard checkpoint >show the web page > click ok > click ok >
stop recording.
10. Image checkpoint:
It checks Image property values.
Navigation:
Keep tool under Recording mode with web environment > Insert menu >
checkpoint >standard checkpoint > show the image > select image > click ok >
click ok >stop recording.
11. Table checkpoint:
It checks content of the web tables.
Navigation: Keep tool under Recording mode under web environment > Insert
menu > checkpoint > standard checkpoint >show the web table > click ok >stop
recording.
Inserting Output Values
It is a step in which one or more values are captured during test execution.
The values can later be used as input at a different point in the run session or we
can use as input for another test.
It is stored in run time data table; it is located in QTP result window and can be
retrieved later.
Types of Output Values:
1. Standard output value

2. Text output value
3. Text area output value
4. Database output value
5. XML output value (From Application)
6. XML output value (From Resource)
1) Standard output value:
We can use standard output values to output the properties values of most
objects.
Navigation:
Keep tool under Recording mode > Insert menu >output value> standard output
value > show the object > click ok > select property > modify the column name
(if required) > click ok >click ok >stop recording.
2) Text output value:
We can use Text output values to output text strings displayed in an application.
When creating a text output value we can output a part of the objects text and
we can also specify text before and after options.
Navigation:
Keep tool under recording mode> Insert menu> output value > text output value
> show the text >select one of the option(output text/text before/text after) >
click modify if you want to change the column name > click ok > click ok.> check
in runtime table after running it.
3) Text Area output value:
We can use text area output values to output text strings displayed within a
defined area of the screen.
Navigation:
Keep tool under recording mode > insert menu >output value > text area output
value >Mark the text area >click modify the column name if necessary > click ok
> again click ok > check in run time table after running it..
4) Database output value:
We can use Database output values to output the value of the contents of
database cells.
Navigation:
Insert menu> output value > Database output value> choose specify SQL
statements manually >click next >click create >Select Machine Data source >
Select Driver (QT_flight32) > click ok > enter SQL statement (select *from
orders) > click finish > select data cells > click ok > Run and it will capture and
see the results in run time table.
5) XML output value (from application):
we can use XML output values to output the values of XML elements in XML
documents.
Navigation: Keep tool under recording mode with web environment > Insert
menu > output value > XML output value from application > Show the XML
document > select elements > click ok >stop recording.
6) XML output Value (From Resource):
We can use XML output values to output the values of XML elements in XML
documents.
Navigation:
Insert menu >output value> XML output value from resource > browse path of
the XML file > click ok > select elements >click ok.
Adding Comments
Purpose of Comments:
o For making the script understandable

o For making the Script Disable from execution
Syntax:
1. Use Apostrophe (‘) before the statement

2. Use REM Command with single space before the statement
Comment a Block of Statements:
Navigation: Select block of statements > Edit menu> Advanced> Comment block
Or
After selecting block of statements use shortcut key Ctrl+M
Uncomment a block of statements:
Navigation: Select comment block>Edit menu> Advanced>Uncomment block
Or
After selecting comment block, Use shortcut key ctrl+shift+M
Inserting Flow Control Statements
QTP adapted VB script engine for applying programming logic to tests. We can
insert VB script conditional statements and loop statements for applying the
logic.
In VB script there are 2 types of conditional statements and four types of loop
statements available.
Synchronization
It is a process of matching the speeds of both QTP and AUT in order to get proper
execution and results.
Where Synchronization is required:
During test execution QTP gives instructions one by one with same speed, but
AUT takes less time for some operations execution and more time for some
operations execution, that time we may not get proper execution and results. In
order to get proper results in between QTP & AUT synchronization is required.
There are several methods available in QTP for synchronization.
1. Inserting Wait statements.

2. Inserting Synchronization points.
3. Increasing Tool default synchronization time.
4. Sync Method (Only for WEB)
5. Exist Property
Inserting Wait Statements:
We can insert wait statements in our test in order to make QTP to wait until AUT
completes current operation.
Syntax:
Wait(time in seconds)
Note: If we insert wait statements QTP waits up to maximum time even though
operation is completed.
Inserting Synchronization point:
Place cursor in desired location>keep tool under recording mode > Insert menu
> Synchronization point > show the object > click ok > select property name &
Value (True)>enter time in Mille seconds>click ok>Stop recording.
Note: if we insert Synchronization points, it does not wait up to maximum time,

after completion of the current operations, it goes to next step immediately.
Syntax:
object hierarchy.waitproperty “property name”,value,time in milli seconds.
Increasing Tool default synchronization time:
Navigation: File>settings>run tab>increase object synchronization time

out>apply>ok
Note: If we increase QTP tool default time that can be applied for all statements
in the test, but QTP does not wait up to maximum time unnecessarily, After
completion of one statement execution it goes to next statement immediately.
Sync Method: (only for WEB)
Waits for the browser to complete current navigation.
Syntax: Object Hirearchy.Sync
Ex: Browser("Yahoo! Toolbar").Page("Yahoo! Toolbar").Sync
Selecting an appropriate Method:
1. Suppose in our test one or more statements only are taking more time for
execution then selecting “Inserting synchronization method” is better.
2. Suppose in our test more statements are taking more time for execution then
selecting “increasing tool time out” .
3. Above two are local features but wait statement is Vbscript feature, even
though some drawbacks are there in using wait statement, it is better to use
wait statement in functions.
Inserting Transaction Points
We can insert Transaction points for measuring Transaction time.

It is a performance concept but QTP supports measuring transaction time per
user only.
Syntax:
Services.StartTransaction "name of the transaction"
-------
statements
---------
--------
services.EndTransaction "name of the transaction"
Note: We can insert multiple transactions points in a test.
Parameterization
Passing parameters, through this concept we can pass multiple values.
We use parameterization in Data Driven Testing.
Data Driven Testing: Testing the Same operation with multiple sets of test
data.
Types of Parameterization:
We can parameterize tests in several ways.
1. Through Loop Statements

2. Dynamic Test Data Submission
3. Through Data Table
4. Fetching Test Data directly from External files (Flat files & Spreadsheets)
5. Fetching Test Data directly from Databases (MS Acess, oracle etc).
6. Getting Test Data from front end objects.
1. Through Loop Statements:
We can use loop statements for passing sequential numbers & Logical Numbers.
Note: We can’t generate Strings.
For orderno=1 to 10 step 1 ' for one increment step keyword is not mandatory
Window("Flight Reservation").Activate
Window("Flight Reservation").WinButton("Button").Click
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinCheckBox("Order
No.").Set "ON"
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinEdit("Edit").Set orderno
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinButton("OK").Click
Next
2.Dynamic Test Data Submission:
Through Loop Statements we can give strings also but every time user has to
enter data.
For x=1 to 3
Agent =inputbox("enter an Agent Name")
Password=inputbox("enter a password")
invokeapplication "C:\Program Files\Mercury Interactive\QuickTest
Dialog("Login").Activate
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set Agent
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Type micTab
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").SetSecure password
Dialog("Login").WinButton("OK").Click
Window("Flight Reservation").Close
Next
3. Through Data Table:
QTP adds one data table (Spreadsheet) for every test, we can use Data Table for
Data Driven Testing.
It has 3 types of usage
a. Entering test data directly into data table and use

b. Importing test data from external Flat files
c. Importing test data from external Spread sheets
d. Importing test data from Data bases.
A. Entering test data directly into data table and use.
Steps: Generate the basic test>open data table(View>Data Table)
Click on column header>enter the name of the field (like this we can
create number of columns) > Enter Data>connect the data to test
(variable=datatable(“column name”, Sheet id)

Example: agent=datatable(“agent”,1)
Pass parameters.)
Run the test.
Agent = Datatable("Agent",1)
pwd=Datatable ("Password",1)
invokeapplication "C:\Program Files\Mercury Interactive\QuickTest
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set Agent
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Type micTab
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").SetSecure pwd
b. Importing test data from external files:
Open Data Table (view>Data table)>place mouse pointer on data table and right
click>file>import from file>Click ok>Browsw path of the file(it imports data from
the flat file)
Connecting Test Data to QTP Test as above and run the test.
c. Importing test data from external Spread sheets:
Open Data Table (view>Data table)>place mouse pointer on data table and right
click>file>import from file>Click ok>Browse path of the excel sheet (it imports
data from the excel sheet)
Connecting Test Data to QTP Test as above and run the test.
D. Importing test data from Data bases: Through Data table we can import Test
Data from Data bases, but first we have to create /get the DSN(Data source
Name)& we have to use SQL Commands.
1. Creating a Test Database: open MS Access (or we can use any other
database).
Start programs>MS Office>MS Access>file >new>Select blank Database>enter

name of the database>Save with mdb extension.
Creating Tables: Select Create table in design view>Enter field name(Agent)and

Select data type(text) Like this we can create number of fields>save&enter table
name.
Entering Data into Tables: Select table>enter the data.
Creating DSN & importing data
Navigation: view>data table>Place mouse pointer on Data

table>sheet>import>from database(Database query wizard opens)>choose
‘specify SQL statements manually>click next >click create>click new>select
driver type>click next >browse path to store> enter DSN Name>Click Save>click
next>click finish>select>browse the database& select>click ok>click ok>select
DSN>click ok>enter SQL statement (select *from login)>click finish.
Note: DSN Creation is one time activity, by using the DSN we can get data for
number of tests.
4. Fetching Test Data directly from Flat files
5). Fetching Test Data directly from Excel Sheets
6) Fetching Test Data directly from Databases
Environment Variables in QTP
These are global variables; if we want to use some variables globally (From number
of tests) declaring as global variables is better. If we declare as local variables in
number of tests, modifications are difficult.
Types of Environment variables:
1. Built in variables: These are system defined variables, we can access from all
tests but these are designed as read only.
2. User defined variables: Variables that we predefine in the active external

environment variables file. We can create as many files as we want and we can
change values of variables.
Usage of environment variables:
Syntax:
Variable = Environment(“environment variable name”)
Ex:
X=Environment (“ActionName”)
Msgbox x
Example Script:
ProductDir =environment ("ProductDir")

app= "\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe"
Systemutil.Run ProductDir & app
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set "pavan"
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").SetSecure
"4b3c86f2107ff565cc195ba6c24739091b656407"
Creating user defined environment variables:
Navigation:
File > settings > Environment > select variable type as user defined > click add icon
(+) > enter variable name & Value > click ok (like this we can create number of
variables) > click export > browse path & enter file name, save with xml extension >
click ok.
Associating environment variable file:
Navigation:
File > settings >Environment > select variable type as user defined > check “load
variables and values from the external file” > browse path of the xml file > click
apply & ok.
Or
We can load environment file directly
Environment.loadfromfile”path of the xml file”
Usage of user defined Environment variables:
Associate environment file to current test:

Variable = Environment (“Variable Name”)
X=environment (“city”)
Msgbox x
Modifying Environment files:
Select XML file>open with notepad>modify the values>Save.
Actions
Action: A Set of Statements for performing a Task or Tasks.
We divide our test into actions to streamline the process of testing.
Purpose of Actions:
For better understandability
For reusing components
Types of Actions:
1) Non Re usable actions

2) Re usable actions
3) External actions
Operations on Actions:
• Creating Actions
• Splitting Actions
• Renaming Actions
• Deleting Actions
• Calling an Action
• Copying an Action
• Making an Action Reusable/Non Reusable
Creating an Action:
Insert>call to new action>enter name of the action>click ok
Steps:
1. Create required actions(ex login, insert,delte)

2. Prepare Scripts for those actions.
Splitting an action:
Navigation: Place cursor in desired location>Edit menu>action>split action>Enter

Action 1 name & action 2 name.
Steps:
1. Generate total test in the default action

2. Split into meaningful actions.
Note: At a time we can split one actions into 2 actions.
Renaming actions:
Select desired action in action drop down box> edit menu>action>rename
action>modify the name>click ok.
Deleting Actions:
Select desired action in action drop down box>edit menu>action>delete
action>confirm deletion.
Calling an action:
Insert>call to existing action>browse path of the test>select desired action>click ok.
Note: U can’t edit
Copying an action:
Insert>call to copy of action>browse path of the test>select desired action>click ok.
Note: we can edit this action.
Making an action reusable:

Select Non Reusable action >edit >action>action properties>check reusable action
check box >click ok.
VB Script
(Fundamentals and Features)
1) Introduction
2) Comments
3) VB Script Variables
4) VB Script Data Types
5) VB Script Operators
6) Input/Output Operations
7) Constants
8) Conditional Statements
9) Loop through Code
10) VB Script Procedures
11) Procedures
12) VBScript syntax rules and guidelines
13) Errors
1.0 Introduction
• VBScript is a scripting language.

• A scripting language is a lightweight programming language.
• VBScript is a light version of Microsoft's programming language Visual Basic.
When a VBScript is inserted into a HTML document, the Internet browser will read
the HTML and interpret the VBScript. The VBScript can be executed immediately, or
at a later event.
Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition brings active scripting to a wide variety of
environments, including Web client scripting in Microsoft Internet Explorer and Web
server scripting in Microsoft Internet Information Service.
1.1 Windows Script Host (WSH)
It is a Windows administration tool. WSH creates an environment for hosting scripts.

That is, when a script arrives at your computer, WSH plays the part of the host — it
makes objects and services available for the script and provides a set of guidelines
within which the script is executed. Among other things, Windows Script Host
manages security and invokes the appropriate script engine
Windows Script Host is built into Microsoft Windows 98, 2000, and Millennium
Editions and higher versions.
A Windows script is a text file. We can create a script with any text editor as long as
we save our script with a WSH-compatible script extension (.js, vbs, or .wsf).
The most commonly available text editor is already installed on our computer —
Notepad. We can also use your favorite HTML editor, VbsEdit, Microsoft Visual C++,
or Visual InterDev.
1.2 Creating a script with Notepad
1. Start Notepad.
2. Write your script. For example purposes, type Msgbox "Hello VB Script"
3. Save this text file with a .vbs extension (instead of the default .txt extension).
For example, Hello.vbs
4. Navigate to the file you just saved, and double-click it.
5. Windows Script Host invokes the VB Script engine and runs your script. In the
example, a message box is displayed with the message "Hello VB Script"
1.3 Hosting Environments and Script Engines
Scripts are often embedded in Web pages, either in an HTML page (on the client
side) or in an ASP page (on the server side). In the case of a script embedded in an
HTML page, the engine component that interprets and runs the script code is loaded
by the Web browser, such as Internet Explorer. In the case of a script embedded in
an ASP page, the engine that interprets and runs the script code is built into Internet
Information Services (IIS).
Windows Script Host executes scripts that exist outside an HTML or ASP page and
that stand on their own as text files.
1.4 Available Script Engines
Generally, we write scripts in either Microsoft JScript or VBScript, the two script
engines that ship with Microsoft Windows 98, 2000 and Millennium Editions. We can
use other script engines, such as Perl, REXX, and Python, with Windows Script Host.
A stand-alone script written in JScript has the .js extension; a stand-alone script
written in VBScript has the .vbs extension. These extensions are registered with
Windows. When we run one of these types of files, Windows starts Windows Script
Host, which invokes the associated script engine to interpret and run the file.
2.0 Comments
The comment argument is the text of any comment we want to include.
2.0 Purpose of comments:
o We can use comments for making the script understandable.

o We can use comments for making one or more statements disable from
execution.
2.1 Syntax
Rem comment (After the Rem keyword, a space is required before

comment.)
Or
Apostrophe (') symbol before the comment
2.2 Comment/Uncomment a block of statements
o Select block of statement and use short cut key Ctrl + M (for comment)
o Select comment block and use short cut key Ctrl + Shift + M (for
uncomment)
3.0 VB Script Variables
A variable is a convenient placeholder that refers to a computer memory location
where we can store program information that may change during the time our script
is running.
3.1 Declaring Variables
We declare variables explicitly in our script using the Dim statement, the Public
statement, and the Private statement.
For example:
Dim city
Dim x
We declare multiple variables by separating each variable name with a comma. For
example:
Dim x, Top, Bottom, Left, Right
We can also declare a variable implicitly by simply using its name in our script. That
is not generally a good practice because we could misspell the variable name in one
or more places, causing unexpected results when our script is run. For that reason,
the Option Explicit statement is available to require explicit declaration of all
variables.
The Option Explicit statement should be the first statement in our script.
3.2 Option Explicit
Forces explicit declaration of all variables in a script.
Option Explicit ' Force explicit variable declaration.

Dim MyVar ' Declare variable.
MyInt = 10 ' Undeclared variable generates error.
MyVar = 10 ' Declared variable does not generate error.
3.3 Naming Restrictions for Variables
Variable names follow the standard rules for naming anything in VBScript. A variable
name:
• Must begin with an alphabetic character.

• Cannot contain an embedded period.
• Must not exceed 255 characters.
• Must be unique in the scope in which it is declared.
3.4 Scope of Variables
o A variable's scope is determined by where you declare it.

o When we declare a variable within a procedure, only code within that
procedure can access or change the value of that variable
o If we declare a variable outside a procedure, we make it recognizable to all
the procedures in our script. This is a script-level variable, and it has script-
level scope.
3.5 Life Time of Variables
o The lifetime of a variable depends on how long it exists.

o The lifetime of a script-level variable extends from the time it is declared until
the time the script is finished running.
o At procedure level, a variable exists only as long as you are in the procedure.
3.6 Assigning Values to Variables
Values are assigned to variables creating an expression as follows:
The variable is on the left side of the expression and the value you want to assign to
the variable is on the right.
For example:
B = 200
City = “Hyderabad”
3.7 Scalar Variables and Array Variables

A variable containing a single value is a scalar variable.
A variable containing a series of values, is called an array variable.
Array variables and scalar variables are declared in the same way, except that the
declaration of an array variable uses parentheses () following the variable name.
Example:
Dim A(3)
Although the number shown in the parentheses is 3, all arrays in VBScript are zero-
based, so this array actually contains 4 elements.
We assign data to each of the elements of the array using an index into the array.
Beginning at zero and ending at 10, data can be assigned to the elements of an
array as follows:
A(0) = 256
A(1) = 324
A(2) = 100
A(3) = 55
Similarly, the data can be retrieved from any element using an index into the
particular array element you want.
For example:
SomeVariable = A(4)
Arrays aren't limited to a single dimension. You can have as many as 60 dimensions,
although most people can't comprehend more than three or four dimensions.
Arrays aren't limited to a single dimension. We can have as many as 60 dimensions,
although most people can't comprehend more than three or four dimensions.
In the following example, the MyTable variable is a two-dimensional array consisting

of 6 rows and 11 columns:
Dim MyTable(5, 10)
In a two-dimensional array, the first number is always the number of rows; the
second number is the number of columns.
3.8 Dynamic Arrays
We can also declare an array whose size changes during the time our script is
running. This is called a dynamic array.
The array is initially declared within a procedure using either the Dim statement or
using the ReDim statement.
However, for a dynamic array, no size or number of dimensions is placed inside the
parentheses.
For example:
Dim MyArray()
ReDim AnotherArray()
To use a dynamic array, you must subsequently use ReDim to determine the
number of dimensions and the size of each dimension.
In the following example, ReDim sets the initial size of the dynamic array to 25. A
subsequent ReDim statement resizes the array to 30, but uses the Preserve
keyword to preserve the contents of the array as the resizing takes place.
ReDim MyArray(25)
ReDim Preserve MyArray(30)
There is no limit to the number of times we can resize a dynamic array, although if
we make an array smaller, we lose the data in the eliminated elements.
4.0 VB Script Data Types
VBScript has only one data type called a Variant. A Variant is a special kind of data
type that can contain different kinds of information, depending on how it is used.
Because Variant is the only data type in VBScript, it is also the data type returned
by all functions in VBScript.
4.1 Variant Subtypes
Beyond the simple numeric or string classifications, a Variant can make further
distinctions about the specific nature of numeric information. For example, we can
have numeric information that represents a date or a time. When used with other
date or time data, the result is always expressed as a date or a time. We can also
have a rich variety of numeric information ranging in size from Boolean values to
huge floating-point numbers. These different categories of information that can be
contained in a Variant are called subtypes. Most of the time, we can just put the
kind of data we want in a Variant, and the Variant behaves in a way that is most
appropriate for the data it contains.
The following table shows subtypes of data that a Variant can contain.
Subtype Description
Empty Variant is uninitialized. Value is 0 for numeric variables or a zero-
length string ("") for string variables.
Null Variant intentionally contains no valid data.
Boolean Contains either True or False.
Byte Contains integer in the range 0 to 255.
Integer Contains integer in the range -32,768 to 32,767.
Currency -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807.
Long Contains integer in the range -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.
Single Contains a single-precision, floating-point number in the range
-3.402823E38 to -1.401298E-45 for negative values; 1.401298E-45
to 3.402823E38 for positive values.
Double Contains a double-precision, floating-point number in the range
-1.79769313486232E308 to -4.94065645841247E-324 for negative
values; 4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232E308 for
positive values.
Date (Time) Contains a number that represents a date between January 1, 100
to December 31, 9999.
String Contains a variable-length string that can be up to approximately 2
billion characters in length.
Object Contains an object.
Error Contains an error number.
We can use conversion functions to convert data from one subtype to another. In
addition, the VarType function returns information about how your data is stored
within a Variant.
5.0 VB Script Operators
Operators are used for performing mathematical, comparison and logical operations.
VBScript has a full range of operators, including arithmetic operators, comparison

operators, concatenation operators, and logical operators.
4.1 Operator Precedence
When several operations occur in an expression, each part is evaluated and resolved
in a predetermined order called operator precedence.
We can use parentheses to override the order of precedence and force some parts of
an expression to be evaluated before others.
Operations within parentheses are always performed before those outside. Within
parentheses, however, standard operator precedence is maintained.
When expressions contain operators from more than one category, arithmetic
operators are evaluated first, comparison operators are evaluated next, and logical
operators are evaluated last.
Comparison operators all have equal precedence; that is, they are evaluated in the
left-to-right order in which they appear.
Arithmetic and logical operators are evaluated in the following order of precedence.
4.2 Arithmetic Operators:
Operator Description
1) Exponentiation Operator (^) Raises a number to the power of an exponent.
2) Multiplication Operator (*) Multiplies two numbers.
3) Division Operator (/) Divides two numbers and returns a floating-point result.
4) Integer Division Operator (\) Divides two numbers and returns an integer result.
5) Mod Operator Divides two numbers and returns only the remainder.
6) Addition Operator (+) Sums two numbers.
7) Subtraction Operator (-) Finds the difference between two numbers or indicates the
negative value of a numeric expression.
8) Concatenation Operator (&) Forces string concatenation of two expressions.
4.3 Comparison Operators
Used to compare expressions.
Operator Description Operator Description

1) = Equal to 5) <= Less than or equal to
2) <> Not equal to 6) >= Greater than or equal to
3) < Less than 7) Is Object equivalence
4) > Grater than
4.4 Concatenation Operators
Operator Description
1) Addition Operator Sums two numbers.
(+)
If Then
1) Both expressions are numeric Add.
2) Both expressions are strings Concatenate.
3) One expression is numeric and Add.
the other is a string
2) Concatenation Forces string concatenation of two expressions.
Operator (&)
4.5 Logical Operators
Operator Description Syntax

1) Not Performs logical negation on an result= Not expression
expression.
2) And Performs a logical conjunction on result= expression1 And
two expressions. expression2
3) Or Performs a logical disjunction on result= expression1 Or
4) Xor Performs a logical exclusion on result= expression1 Xor
5) Eqv result= expression1 Eqv
Performs a logical equivalence on
expression2
two expressions.
6) Imp result= expression1 Imp
Performs a logical implication on
expression2
two expressions.
6) Input/Output Operations
6.1 InputBox Function
Displays a prompt in a dialog box, waits for the user to input text or click a button,
and returns the contents of the text box.
Example:
Dim Input
Input = InputBox("Enter your name")
MsgBox ("You entered: " & Input)
6.2 MsgBox Function
Displays a message in a dialog box, waits for the user to click a button, and returns a
value indicating which button the user clicked.
Example:
Dim MyVar
MyVar = MsgBox ("Hello World!", 65, "MsgBox Example")
' MyVar contains either 1 or 2, depending on which button is clicked.
7) VB Script Constants
A constant is a meaningful name that takes the place of a number or string and
never changes.
7.1 Creating Constants
We create user-defined constants in VBScript using the Const statement. Using the
Const statement, we can create string or numeric constants with meaningful names
and assign them literal values.
Const statement
Declares constants for use in place of literal values.
Example:
Const MyString = "This is my string."

Const MyAge = 49
Const CutoffDate = #6-1-97#
Note that String literal is enclosed in quotation marks (" ").
Represent Date literals and time literals by enclosing them in number signs (#).
We declare multiple constants by separating each constant name and value with a
comma. For example:
Const price= 100, city= “Hyderabad”, x= 27
8) Conditional Statements
We can control the flow of our script with conditional statements and looping
statements.
Using conditional statements, we can write VBScript code that makes decisions and
repeats actions. The following conditional statements are available in VBScript:
1) If…Then…Else Statement
2) Select Case Statement
8.1 Making Decisions Using If...Then...Else

The If...Then...Else statement is used to evaluate whether a condition is True or
False and, depending on the result, to specify one or more statements to run.
Usually the condition is an expression that uses a comparison operator to compare
one value or variable with another.
If...Then...Else statements can be nested to as many levels as you need.
8.1.1 Running a Statements if a Condition is True (single statement)

To run only one statement when a condition is True, use the single-line syntax for
the If...Then...Else statement.
Dim myDate
myDate = #2/13/98#
If myDate < Now Then myDate = Now
8.1.2 Running Statements if a Condition is True (multiple statements)
To run more than one line of code, we must use the multiple-line (or block) syntax.
This syntax includes the End If statement.
Dim x
x= 20
If x>10 Then
msgbox "Hello G.C.Reddy"
msgbox "x value is: "&x
msgbox "Bye Bye"
End If
8.1.3 Running Certain Statements if a Condition is True and Running Others

if a Condition is False
We can use an If...Then...Else statement to define two blocks of executable

statements: one block to run if the condition is True, the other block to run if the
condition is False.
Example:
Dim x
x= Inputbox (" Enter a value")
If x>100 Then
Msgbox "Hello G.C.Reddy"
Msgbox "X is a Big Number"
Msgbox "X value is: "&X
Else
Msgbox "GCR"
Msgbox "X is a Small Number"
Msgbox "X value is: "&X
End If
8.1.4 Deciding Between Several Alternatives
A variation on the If...Then...Else statement allows us to choose from several

alternatives. Adding ElseIf clauses expands the functionality of the If...Then...Else
statement so we can control program flow based on different possibilities.
Example:
Dim x
x= Inputbox (" Enter a value")
If x>0 and x<=100 Then

Msgbox "X is a Small Number"
Msgbox "X value is "&x
Else IF x>100 and x<=500 Then

Msgbox "Hello GCR"
Msgbox "X is a Medium Number"
Else IF x>500 and x<=1000 Then

Msgbox "Hello Chandra Mohan Reddy"
Msgbox "X is a Large Number"
Else
Msgbox "Hello Sir"
Msgbox "X is a Grand Number"
End If
End If
End If
8.1.5 Executing a certain block of statements when two / more conditions

are True (Nested If...)
Example:
Dim State, Region

State=Inputbox ("Enter a State")
Region=Inputbox ("Enter a Region")
If state= "AP" Then
If Region= "Telangana" Then
msgbox "Dist count is 10"
Else if Region= "Rayalasema" Then

msgbox "Hello GCR"
Else If Region= "Costal" Then

msgbox "Hello Chandra mohan Reddy"
End If
End If
End If
End If
8.2 Making Decisions with Select Case
The Select Case structure provides an alternative to If...Then...ElseIf for

selectively executing one block of statements from among multiple blocks of
statements. A Select Case statement provides capability similar to the
If...Then...Else statement, but it makes code more efficient and readable.
Example:
Option explicit
Dim x,y, Operation, Result
x= Inputbox (" Enter x value")
y= Inputbox ("Enter y value")
Operation= Inputbox ("Enter an Operation")
Select Case Operation
Case "add"
Result= cdbl (x)+cdbl (y)
Msgbox "Addition of x,y values is "&Result
Case "sub"
Result= x-y
Msgbox "Substraction of x,y values is "&Result
Case "mul"
Result= x*y
Msgbox "Multiplication of x,y values is "&Result
Case "div"
Result= x/y
Msgbox "Division of x,y values is "&Result
Case "mod"
Result= x mod y
Msgbox "Mod of x,y values is "&Result
Case "expo"
Result= x^y
Msgbox"Exponentation of x,y values is "&Result
Case Else
msgbox "Wrong Operation"
End Select
8.3 Other Examples
8.3.1 Write a program for finding out whether the given year is a leap year
or not?
Dim xyear
xyear=inputbox ("Enter Year")
If xyear mod 4=0 Then

msgbox "This is a Leap year"
Else
msgbox "This is NOT"
End If
8.3.2 Write a program for finding out whether the given number is, Even number or
Odd number?
Dim num
num=inputbox ("Enter a number")
If num mod 2=0 Then

msgbox "This is a Even Number"
Else
msgbox "This is a Odd Number"
End If
8.3.3 Read two numbers and display the sum?
Dim num1,num2, sum

num1=inputbox ("Enter num1")
num2=inputbox ("Enter num2")
sum= Cdbl (num1) + Cdbl (num2) 'if we want add two strings conversion
require
msgbox ("Sum is " &sum)
8.3.4 Read P,T,R values and Calculate the Simple Interest?
Dim p,t, r, si
p=inputbox ("Enter Principle")
t=inputbox ("Enter Time")
r=inputbox ("Enter Rate of Interest")
si= (p*t*r)/100 ' p= principle amount, t=time in years, r= rate of interest
msgbox ("Simple Interest is " &si)
8.3.5 Read Four digit number, calculate & display the sum of the number or
display Error message if the number is not a four digit number?
Dim num, sum

num=inputbox ("Enter a Four digit number")
If Len(num) = 4 Then
sum=0
sum=sum+num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left (num, 3)
sum=sum+num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left (num, 2)
sum=sum+num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left (num, 1)
sum=sum+num mod 10
msgbox ("Sum is " &sum)
else
msgbox "Number, you entered is not a 4 digit number"
End If
8.3.6 Read any Four digit number and display the number in reverse order?
Dim num,rev
num= inputbox("Enter a number")
If len(num)=4 Then
rev=rev*10 + num mod 10

num=num/10
num= left(num,3)

num=num/10
num= left(num,2)

num=num/10
num= left(num,1)
msgbox "Reverse Order of the number is "&rev
Else
msgbox "Number, you entered is not a 4 digit number"
End If
8.3.7 Read 4 subjects marks; calculate the Total marks and grade?
(a) If average marks Greater than or equal to 75, grade is Distinction
b) If average marks Greater than or equal to 60 and less than 75 , then
grade is First
c) If average marks Greater than or equal to 50 and less than 60 , then
grade is Second
d) If average marks Greater than or equal to 40 and less than 50 , then
grade is Third
e) Minimum marks 35 for any subject, otherwise 'no grade fail')
Dim e,m,p,c, tot

e=inputbox ("Enter english Marks")
m=inputbox ("Enter maths Marks")
p=inputbox ("Enter physics Marks")
c=inputbox ("Enter chemistry Marks")
tot= cdbl(e) + cdbl(m) + cdbl(p) + cdbl(c)

msgbox tot
If cdbl(e) >=35 and cdbl(m) >=35 and cdbl(p) >=35 and cdbl(c) >=35 and tot
>=300 Then
msgbox "Grade is Distinction"
else If cdbl(e) >=35 and cdbl(m) >=35 and cdbl(p) >=35 and cdbl(c) >=35 and tot
>=240 and tot<300 Then
msgbox "Grade is First"
msgbox "Grade is Second"
msgbox "Grade is Third"
else
msgbox "No Grade, Fail"
End If
End If
End If
End If
8.3.8 Display Odd numbers up to n?
Dim num,n
n=Inputbox ("Enter a Vaule")
For num= 1 to n step 2
msgbox num
Next
8.3.9 Display Even numbers up to n?
Dim num,n
msgbox num
Next
8.3.10 display natural numers up to n and write in a text file?
Dim num, n, fso, myfile

n= inputbox ("Enter any Value")
num=1
Set fso= createobject ("scripting.filesystemobject")
set myfile=fso.opentextfile ("E:\gcr.txt", 8, true)
myfile.writeline num
myfile.close
Next
8.11 Display Natural numbers in reverse order up to n?
Dim num,n
For num=n to 1 step -1
msgbox num
Next
8.12 Display Natural numbers sum up to n? (using For...Next Loop)
Dim num, n, sum

n= inputbox ("Enter a Value")
sum=0
sum= sum+num
Next
msgbox sum
8.13 Display Natural numbers sum up to n? (using While...Wend Loop)
Dim num, n, sum

While num <=cdbl (n)
sum= sum+num
num=num+1
Wend
msgbox sum
8.14 Display Natural numbers sum up to n? (using Do...Until...Loop)
Dim num, n, sum
sum=0
num=1
Do
sum= sum+num
num=num+1
Loop Until num =cdbl (n+1)
msgbox sum
8.15 Write a Function for Natural Numbers sum up to n?
Function NNumCou (n)

Dim num, sum
sum=0
sum= sum+num
Next
msgbox sum
End Function
8.16 Verify weather the entered 10 digit value is a numeric value or not?
Dim a,x,y,z,num
num=Inputbox ("Enter a Phone Number")
d1= left (num,1)

d10=Right (num,1)
d2=mid (num, 2, len (1))
If isnumeric (d1) = "True" and isnumeric (d2) = "True" and isnumeric (d3) = "True"
and isnumeric (d4) = "True"and isnumeric (d5) = "True"and isnumeric (d6) =
"True"and isnumeric (d7) = "True"and isnumeric (d8) = "True"and isnumeric (d9) =
"True"and isnumeric (d10) = "True" Then
msgbox "It is a Numeric Value"
else
Msgbox "It is NOT Numeric"
End If
8.17 Verify weather the entered value is a 10 digit value or not and Numeric value or
not? (using multiple if conditions)
Dim a,x,y,z,num
num=Inputbox ("Enter a Phone Number")
d1= left (num,1)
d10=Right (num,1)
If len (num) =10 Then
If isnumeric (d1) = "True" and isnumeric (d2) = "True" and isnumeric (d3) = "True"
and isnumeric (d4) = "True"and isnumeric (d5) = "True"and isnumeric (d6) =
"True"and isnumeric (d7) = "True"and isnumeric (d8) = "True"and isnumeric (d9) =
"True"and isnumeric (d10) = "True" Then
msgbox "It is a Numeric Value"
End If
End If
If len (num) <> 10 Then

Msgbox "It is NOT valid Number "
End If
9) Looping Through Code
o Looping allows us to run a group of statements repeatedly.

o Some loops repeat statements until a condition is False;
o Others repeat statements until a condition is True.
o There are also loops that repeat statements a specific number of times.
The following looping statements are available in VBScript:
• Do...Loop: Loops while or until a condition is True.

• While...Wend: Loops while a condition is True.
• For...Next: Uses a counter to run statements a specified number of times.
• For Each...Next: Repeats a group of statements for each item in a collection
or each element of an array.
9.1 Using Do Loops

We can use Do...Loop statements to run a block of statements an indefinite
number of times. The statements are repeated either while a condition
is True or until a condition becomes True.
9.1.1 Repeating Statements While a Condition is True
Repeats a block of statements while a condition is True or until a condition becomes

True
a) Do While condition
Statements
-----------
-----------
Loop
Or, we can use this below syntax:
Example:
Dim x
Do While x<5 x=x+1
Msgbox "Hello QTP"
Loop
b) Do
Statements
-----------
-----------
Loop While condition
Example:
Dim x
x=1
Do
Msgbox "Hello QTP"
x=x+1
Loop While x<5
9.1.2 Repeating a Statement Until a Condition Becomes True
c) Do Until condition
Statements
-----------
-----------
Loop
Example:
Dim x
Do Until x=5 x=x+1
Msgbox "G.C.Reddy"
Msgbox "Hello QTP"
Loop
d) Do
Statements
-----------
-----------
Loop Until condition
Example:
Dim x
x=1
Do
Msgbox “Hello G.C.Reddy”
Msgbox "Hello QTP"
x=x+1
Loop Until x=5
9.2 While...Wend Statement
Executes a series of statements as long as a given condition is True.
Syntax:
While condition
Statements
-----------
-----------
Wend
Example:
Dim x
x=0
While x<5 x=x+1
msgbox "Hello QTP"
Wend
9.3 For...Next Statement
Repeats a group of statements a specified number of times.
Syntax:
For counter = start to end [Step step]
statements
Next
Example:
Dim x
For x= 1 to 5 step 1
Next
9.4 For Each...Next Statement
Repeats a group of statements for each element in an array or collection.
Syntax:
For Each item In array
Statements
Next
Example:
Dim a,b,x (3)
a=20
b=30
x(0)= "Addition is "& a+b
x(1)="Substraction is " & a-b
x(2)= "Multiplication is " & a*b
x(3)= "Division is " & a/b
For Each element In x

msgbox element
Next
Example:
MyArray = Array("one","two","three","four","five")
For Each element In MyArray
msgbox element
Next
10) VB Script Procedures
In VBScript, there are two kinds of procedures; the Sub procedure and the Function
procedure.
11.1 Sub Procedures
A Sub procedure is a series of VBScript statements (enclosed by Sub and End Sub
statements) that perform actions but don't return a value.
A Sub procedure can take arguments (constants, variables, or expressions that are
passed by a calling procedure).
If a Sub procedure has no arguments, its Sub statement must include an empty set
of parentheses ().
Syntax:
Sub Procedure name ()
Statements
-----------
-----------
End Sub
Or
Sub Procedure name (argument1, argument2)
Statements
-----------
-----------
End Sub
Example: 1
Sub ConvertTemp()
temp = InputBox("Please enter the temperature in degrees F.", 1)
MsgBox "The temperature is " & Celsius(temp) & " degrees C."
End Sub
Example: 2
11.2 Function Procedures
A Function procedure is a series of VBScript statements enclosed by the Function

and End Function statements.
A Function procedure is similar to a Sub procedure, but can also return a value.
A Function procedure can take arguments (constants, variables, or expressions that

are passed to it by a calling procedure).
If a Function procedure has no arguments, its Function statement must include an

empty set of parentheses.
A Function returns a value by assigning a value to its name in one or more

statements of the procedure. The return type of a Function is always a Variant.
Syntax:
Function Procedure name ()
Statements
-----------
-----------
End Function
Or
Function Procedure name (argument1, argument2)
Statements
-----------
-----------
End Function
Example: 1
Function Celsius(fDegrees)
Celsius = (fDegrees - 32) * 5 / 9
End Function
Example: 2
Function cal(a,b,c)
cal = (a+b+c)
End Function
11.3 Getting Data into and out of Procedures
o Each piece of data is passed into our procedures using an argument.

o Arguments serve as placeholders for the data we want to pass into our
procedure. We can name our arguments any valid variable name.
o When we create a procedure using either the Sub statement or the Function
statement, parentheses must be included after the name of the procedure.
o Any arguments are placed inside these parentheses, separated by commas.
11.4 Using Sub and Function Procedures in Code
A Function in our code must always be used on the right side of a variable
assignment or in an expression.
For example:
Temp = Celsius(fDegrees)
-Or-
MsgBox "The Celsius temperature is " & Celsius(fDegrees) & " degrees."
To call a Sub procedure from another procedure, type the name of the procedure
along with values for any required arguments, each separated by a comma.
The Call statement is not required, but if you do use it, you must enclose any
arguments in parentheses.
The following example shows two calls to the MyProc procedure. One uses the Call
statement in the code; the other doesn't. Both do exactly the same thing.
Call MyProc(firstarg, secondarg)
MyProc firstarg, secondarg
Notice that the parentheses are omitted in the call when the Call statement isn't
used.
11) VB Script Built in Functions
1) Asc Function
'Returns ANSI character code corresponding to first letter in a string

Dim val
val="hyderabad"
val=Asc(val)
msgbox val
2) Chr Function
'Returns the character associated with the specified ANSI character code.
Dim val
val=65
val=Chr(val)
msgbox val 'Output: A
3) Date Function
It returns current system Date
Dim myDate
myDate=Date
msgbox myDate
4) Abs Function
It returns obsolute value of the given number.
Dim num
num=157.56
num=Abs(num)
msgbox num 'Output: 157.56
num=-157.56
num=Abs(num)
msgbox num 'Output: 157.56
Note: It provide positive value
5) Array Function
We can enter list of values using this function
Ex:
Dim var
'List of strings
var=Array("Hyderabad","Chennai", "Nellore")
msgbox var(0) 'output: Hyderabad
msgbox var(1) 'output: Chennai
msgbox var(2) 'output: Nellore
'List of numeric values

var=Array(100,200, 300)
msgbox var(0) 'output: 100
'List of mixed values

var=Array(100,"India", #01-05-2010#)
msgbox var(1) 'output: India
msgbox var(2) 'output: 01/05/2010
6) IsArray Function
It checks weather the given variable is an Array or not

Dim var1, var2,x
'List of strings
var1=Array("Hyderabad","Chennai", "Nellore")
x=isArray(var1) 'It returns True/False like Result

msgbox x
x=isArray(var2)
msgbox x
7) IsDate
It checks weather the given value is Date type data or not

Examples:
Dim myDate,x
myDate=100
x=IsDate(myDate)
msgbox x 'Output: False
myDate="India"
x=IsDate(myDate)
myDate=#10/05/2010#
x=IsDate(myDate)
msgbox x 'Output: True
myDate=#10-05-2010#
x=IsDate(myDate)
myDate=#10-05-10#
x=IsDate(myDate)
myDate=10-05-2010
x=IsDate(myDate)
8) DateDiff Function
It provides difference between two dates, based on interval (day/month)

Dim Date1, Date2,x
Date1=#10-10-2008#
Date2=#10-09-2010#
x=DateDiff("d", date1,date2) 'd for day
msgbox x' It subtracts date1 from date2
x=DateDiff("m", date1,date2)' m for month

x=DateDiff("y", date1,date2) 'it considers days only

Note: through this function, we can day or month wise diffrence only.
9) IsNumeric
It checks weather the given value is numeric or not and It provides True/False like
Result
Example:
Dim val,x
val="100"
x=Isnumeric(val)
val=100
x=Isnumeric(val)
x=Isnumeric(500)
x=Isnumeric("India")
10) Len Function
It finds legngh of the String

Example:
Dim val,x
val="Hyderabad"
x=Len(val)
msgbox x 'Output: 9
val=100
x=Len(val)
msgbox x 'Output: 3
val="Hydera100"
x=Len(val)
msgbox x 'Output: 9
val="hy$@*de"
x=Len(val)
msgbox x 'Output: 7
val="100"
x=Len(val)
msgbox x 'Output: 3
val=#10-10-2010#
x=Len(val)
msgbox x 'Output: 10
x=Len("Krishna")
msgbox x 'Output: 7
x=Len(Krishna)
msgbox x 'Output: 0
x=Len()
msgbox x 'Output: Error
11) Left Function
Returns a specified number of charectors of a given string from left side

Syntax:
variable=Left(string,Lengh)
Example:
Dim val,x
val="Hyderabad"
x=Left(val,3)
msgbox x ' Output: Hyd
val="9247837478"
x=Left(val,1)
msgbox x ' Output: 9
val="H92yderabad"
x=Left(val,3)
msgbox x ' Output: H92
x=Left(9247837478,5)
val=#10-10-10#
x=Left(val,3)
msgbox x ' Output: 10/
12) Right Function

Returns a specified number of charectors of a given string from Right side
Example:
Dim val,x
val="Hyderabad"
x=Right(val,3)
msgbox x ' Output: bad
val="9247837478"
x=Right(val,1)
val="H92yderabad"
x=Right(val,3)
msgbox x ' Output: bad
x=Right(9247837478,5)
val=#10-10-10#
x=Right(val,5)
msgbox x ' Output: /2010
13) Mid function
Returns a specified number of characters of a given string

Example:
Dim val,x
val="Hyderabad"
x=Mid(Val,5,3)
msgbox x ' Output: rab
val="Hyderabad"
x=Mid(Val,5)
msgbox x ' Output: rabad
val="9247837478"
x=Mid(val,6,5)
val="H92yderabad"
x=Mid(val,1)
msgbox x ' Output: H92yderabad
x=Mid(9247837478,5)
val=#10-10-10#
x=Mid(val,5)
msgbox x ' Output: 0/2010
14) StrReverse
retuns reverse value of a string

Example:
Dim val,x
val="Hyderabad"
x=StrReverse(val)
msgbox x 'Output dabaredyH
val="001"
x=StrReverse(val)
val=1002
x=StrReverse(val)
val=#10-10-10#
x=StrReverse(val)
msgbox x 'Output: 0102/01/01
x=StrReverse("Hyderabad")
msgbox x 'Output: dabaredyH
x=StrReverse(100)
15) StrComp Function
It compares two string (Binary and textual)

If
a) Both are equal, returns 0(zero)
b) String 1 greater than string 2, returns 1(one)
b) String 2 greater than string 1, returns -1
Example:
Dim str1,str2,x
str1="India"
str2="India"
x=StrComp(str1,str2,1)
msgbox x 'Output 0
str1="india"
str2="INDIA"
msgbox x 'Output 0
str1="India"
str2="Indian"
msgbox x 'Output -1
str1="Indian"
str2="Ndia"
msgbox x 'Output -1
str1="Indian"
str2="India"
msgbox x 'Output 1
str1=100
str2=100
msgbox x 'Output 0
str1=100
str2=101
msgbox x 'Output -1
16) Lcase function
Coverts Upper case values into Lower case
Dim val,x
val="HYDERABAD"
x=Lcase(val)
msgbox x 'Output hyderabad
val="Hyderabad"
x=Lcase(val)
val="HederabaD"
x=Lcase(val)
val="hyderabad"
x=Lcase(val)
x=Lcase("HYDERABAD")
17) Ucase function

Coverts Lower case values into Upper case
Example:
Dim val,x
val="HYDERABAD"
x=Ucase(val)
msgbox x 'Output HYDERABAD
val="Hyderabad"
x=Ucase(val)
val="HederabaD"
x=Ucase(val)
val="hyderabad"
x=Ucase(val)
x=Ucase("HYDERABAD")
18) Round Function

Returns the round value of a given value
if value decimal point above .5 it returns, next nearest value, below
.5 returns before integer value.
Example:
Dim num,x
num=14.49
x=Round(num)
num=14.59
x=Round(num)
num="14.49"
x=Round(num)
num="Hyd"
x=Round(num)
msgbox x 'Output: Error
19) Trim Function

Returns a copy of string without leading spaces
Dim val
val=" VB Script"
x=Trim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val=" 100"
x=Trim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val=" 2#$%^"
x=Trim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val=" VB Script "

x=Trim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
20) Ltrim Function

It removes spaces from left side of a string
Dim val
val=" VB Script"
x=LTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val="100 "
x=LTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val=" 2#$%^ "

x=LTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val=" VB Script "

x=LTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val= 100
x=LTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
21) Rtrim
It removes spaces from right side of a string
Dim val
val="VB Script "
x=RTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val=" 100 "

x=RTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val=" 2#$%^ "
x=RTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val=" VB Script "

x=RTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
val= 100
x=RTrim(val)
msgbox x
x=Len(x)
msgbox x
22) Split function

Returns a zero-based, one-dimensional array containing a specified number of
substrings
Example:
Dim a,b,x
b="VB Script is a Powerful scripting Language"
a=Split(b," ")
x=IsArray(b)
x=IsArray(a)
msgbox a(6) 'Output: Language
b="VB,Script,is,a,Powerful,scripting,Language"
a=Split(b,",")
msgbox a(5) 'Output: Scripting
b="VB Script is a Powerful scripting Language"
a=Split(b)
b="VB@Script@is@a@Powerful@scripting@Language"
a=Split(b,"@")
b="VBScriptisaPowerfulscriptingLanguage"
a=Split(b)
msgbox a(5) 'Output: Error
12) VBScript syntax rules and guidelines
21.1 Case-sensitivity:
By default, VBScript is not case sensitive and does not differentiate between upper-
case and lower-case spelling of words, for example, in variables, object and method
names, or constants.
For example, the two statements below are identical in VBScript:
Browser("Mercury").Page("Find a Flight:").WebList("toDay").Select "31"

browser("mercury").page("find a flight:").weblist("today").select "31"
21.2 Text strings:
When we enter a value as a text string, we must add quotation marks before and
after the string. For example, in the above segment of script, the names of the Web
site, Web page, and edit box are all text strings surrounded by quotation marks.
Note that the value 31 is also surrounded by quotation marks, because it is a text
string that represents a number and not a numeric value.
In the following example, only the property name (first argument) is a text string
and is in quotation marks. The second argument (the value of the property) is a
variable and therefore does not have quotation marks. The third argument
(specifying the timeout) is a numeric value, which also does not need quotation
marks.
Browser("Mercury").Page("Find a Flight:").WaitProperty("items count", Total_Items,

2000)
21.3 Variables:
We can specify variables to store strings, integers, arrays and objects. Using
variables helps to make our script more readable and flexible
21.4 Parentheses:
To achieve the desired result and to avoid errors, it is important that we use
parentheses () correctly in our statements.
21.5 Indentation:
We can indent or outdent our script to reflect the logical structure and nesting of the
statements.
21.6 Comments:
We can add comments to our statements using an apostrophe ('), either at the
beginning of a separate line, or at the end of a statement. It is recommended that
we add comments wherever possible, to make our scripts easier to understand and
maintain.
21.7 Spaces:
We can add extra blank spaces to our script to improve clarity. These spaces are
ignored by VBScript.
13) Errors
We have two types Errors in VB Script; they are VBScript Run-time Errors and
VBScript Syntax Errors
13.1 VBScript Run-time Errors
VBScript run-time errors are errors that result when our VBScript script attempts to
perform an action that the system cannot execute. VBScript run-time errors occur
while our script is being executed; when variable expressions are being evaluated,
and memory is being dynamic allocated.
13.2 VBScript Syntax Errors

VBScript syntax errors are errors that result when the structure of one of our
VBScript statements violates one or more of the grammatical rules of the VBScript
scripting language. VBScript syntax errors occur during the program compilation
stage, before the program has begun to be executed.
File System Operations
File System Object Model:
The File System Object (FSO) model provides an object-based tool for working with
folders and files. It allows us to use the familiar object. method syntax with a rich set
of properties, methods, and events to process folders and files. We can also employ
the traditional Visual Basic statements and commands.
The FSO model gives our application the ability to create, alter, move, and delete
folders, or to determine if and where particular folders exist. It also enables us to get
information about folders, such as their names and the date they were created or
last modified.
The FSO model makes processing files much easier as well. When processing files,
our primary goal is to store data in an efficient, easy-to-access format. We need to
be able to create files, insert and change the data, and output (read) the data.
Although we can store data in a database, doing so adds a significant amount of
overhead to our application. We may not want to have such overhead, or our data
access requirements may not call for the extra functionality associated with a full-
featured database. In this case, storing our data in a text file or binary file is the
most efficient solution.
The FSO model, contained in the Scripting type library (Scrrun.dll), supports the
creation and manipulation of text files through the TextStream object; however, the
FSO model does not support binary files. To manipulate binary files, use the FileOpen
Function with the Binary keyword.
Examples
1) Create a Folder
Option Explicit
Dim objFSO, objFolder, strDirectory
strDirectory = "D:\Pavan"
Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objFolder = objFSO.CreateFolder(strDirectory)
2) Delete a Folder
Set oFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

oFSO.DeleteFolder("E:\Pavan")
3) Copying Folders
Set oFSO=createobject("Scripting.Filesystemobject")
oFSO.CopyFolder "E:\gcr", "C:\jvr", True
4) Checking weather the folder available or not, if not creating the folder
Option Explicit
Dim objFSO, objFolder, strDirectory
strDirectory = "D:\Pavan"
If objFSO.FolderExists(strDirectory) Then
Set objFolder = objFSO.GetFolder(strDirectory)
msgbox strDirectory & " already created "
else
Set objFolder = objFSO.CreateFolder(strDirectory)
end if
5) Returning a collection of Disk Drives

Set colDrives = oFSO.Drives
For Each oDrive in colDrives
MsgBox "Drive letter: " & oDrive.DriveLetter
Next
6) Getting available space on a Disk Drive

Set oDrive = oFSO.GetDrive("C:")
MsgBox "Available space: " & oDrive.AvailableSpace
7) Creating a Flat File

Set objFile = objFSO.CreateTextFile("E:\Pavan.txt")
8) Checking weather the File is available or not, if not creating the File
strDirectory="E:\"
strFile="Pavan.txt"
If objFSO.FileExists(strDirectory & strFile) Then
Set objFolder = objFSO.GetFolder(strDirectory)
Else
Set objFile = objFSO.CreateTextFile("E:\Pavan.txt")
End if
9) Reading Data character by character from a Flat File

Set objFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile("E:\Pavan.txt", 1)
Do Until objFile.AtEndOfStream
strCharacters = objFile.Read(1)
msgbox strCharacters
Loop
10) Reading Data line by line from a Flat File

Set objFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile("E:\Pavan.txt", 1)
Do Until objFile.AtEndOfStream
strCharacters = objFile.Readline
msgbox strCharacters
Loop
11) Reading data from a flat file and using in data driven testing
Dim fso,myfile
Set fso=createobject("scripting.filesystemobject")
Set myfile= fso.opentextfile ("F:\Pavan.txt",1)
myfile.skipline
While myfile.atendofline <> True
x=myfile.readline
s=split (x, ",")
SystemUtil.Run "C:\Program Files\Mercury Interactive\QuickTest

Professional\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe","","C:\Program Files\Mercury
Interactive\QuickTest Professional\samples\flight\app\","open"
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set s(0)
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").SetSecure s(1)
Wend
12) Writing data to a text file
Dim Stuff, myFSO, WriteStuff, dateStamp

dateStamp = Date()
Stuff = "I am Preparing this script: " &dateStamp
Set myFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set WriteStuff = myFSO.OpenTextFile("e:\Pavan.txt", 8, True)
WriteStuff.WriteLine(Stuff)
WriteStuff.Close
SET WriteStuff = NOTHING
SET myFSO = NOTHING
13) Delete a text file
Set objFSO=createobject("Scripting.filesystemobject")
Set txtFilepath = objFSO.GetFile("E:\gcr.txt")
txtFilepath.Delete()
14) Checking weather the File is available or not, if available delete the File
strDirectory="E:\"
strFile="gcr.txt"
If objFSO.FileExists(strDirectory & strFile) Then
Set objFile = objFSO.Getfile(strDirectory & strFile)
objFile.delete ()
End if
15) Comparing two text files
Dim f1, f2
f1="e:\Pavan1.txt"
f2="e:\Pavan2.txt"
Public Function CompareFiles (FilePath1, FilePath2)
Dim FS, File1, File2
Set FS = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
If FS.GetFile(FilePath1).Size <> FS.GetFile(FilePath2).Size Then
CompareFiles = True
Exit Function
End If
Set File1 = FS.GetFile(FilePath1).OpenAsTextStream(1, 0)
Set File2 = FS.GetFile(FilePath2).OpenAsTextStream(1, 0)
CompareFiles = False
Do While File1.AtEndOfStream = False
Str1 = File1.Read
Str2 = File2.Read
CompareFiles = StrComp(Str1, Str2, 0)
If CompareFiles <> 0 Then
CompareFiles = True
Exit Do
End If
Loop
File1.Close()
File2.Close()
End Function
Call Comparefiles(f1,f2)
If CompareFiles(f1, f2) = False Then
MsgBox "Files are identical."
Else
MsgBox "Files are different."
End If
16) Counting the number of times a word appears in a file
sFileName="E:\gcr.txt"
sString="pavan"
Const FOR_READING = 1
Dim oFso, oTxtFile, sReadTxt, oRegEx, oMatches
Set oFso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set oTxtFile = oFso.OpenTextFile(sFileName, FOR_READING)
sReadTxt = oTxtFile.ReadAll
Set oRegEx = New RegExp
oRegEx.Pattern = sString
oRegEx.IgnoreCase = bIgnoreCase
oRegEx.Global = True
Set oMatches = oRegEx.Execute(sReadTxt)
MatchesFound = oMatches.Count
Set oTxtFile = Nothing : Set oFso = Nothing : Set oRegEx = Nothing
msgbox MatchesFound
17) Read a CSV File Using Database Techniques
On Error Resume Next
Const adOpenStatic = 3
Const adLockOptimistic = 3
Const adCmdText = &H0001
Set objConnection = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

Set objRecordSet = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
strPathtoTextFile = "C:\Databases\"
objConnection.Open "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _

"Data Source=" & strPathtoTextFile & ";" & _
"Extended Properties=""text;HDR=YES;FMT=Delimited"""
objRecordset.Open "SELECT * FROM PhoneList.csv", _

objConnection, adOpenStatic, adLockOptimistic, adCmdText
Do Until objRecordset.EOF
Wscript.Echo "Name: " & objRecordset.Fields.Item("Name")
Wscript.Echo "Department: " & _
objRecordset.Fields.Item("Department")
Wscript.Echo "Extension: " & objRecordset.Fields.Item("Extension")
objRecordset.MoveNext
Loop
18) Read a Text File into an Array
Const ForReading = 1

Set objTextFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile _
("e:\pavan.txt", ForReading)
Do Until objTextFile.AtEndOfStream
strNextLine = objTextFile.Readline
arrServiceList = Split(strNextLine , ",")
Wscript.Echo "Server name: " & arrServiceList(0)
For i = 1 to Ubound(arrServiceList)
Wscript.Echo "Service: " & arrServiceList(i)
Next
Loop
Excel File Operations
1) Create an Excel file, enter some data and save the file through VB
scripting?
1) Dim objexcel
2) Set objExcel = createobject("Excel.application")
3) objexcel.Visible = True
4) objexcel.Workbooks.add
5) objexcel.Cells(1, 1).Value = "Testing"
6) objexcel.ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs("f:\exceltest.xls")
7) objexcel.Quit
2) Data Driven Testing through an External Excel Sheet
1) Set myExcel=Createobject("Excel.Application")
2) Set myFile=myExcel.workbooks.open ("C:\Documents and Settings\admin\My
Documents\pavan.xls")
3) Set mySheet=myFile.worksheets("Sheet1")
4) Rows_Count=mySheet.usedrange.rows.count
5) For i= 1 to Rows_Count
6) Agent=mySheet.cells(i,"A")
7) pwd=mySheet.Cells(i,"B")
8) SystemUtil.Run "C:\Program Files\Mercury Interactive\QuickTest
Professional\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe","","C:\Program Files\Mercury
Interactive\QuickTest Professional\samples\flight\app\","open"
9) Dialog("Login").Activate
10) Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set Agent
11) Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").SetSecure pwd
12) Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").Type micReturn
13) Window("Flight Reservation").Close
14) Next
3) Compare two excel files
Set objExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")

objExcel.Visible = True
Set objWorkbook1= objExcel.Workbooks.Open("E:\pavan1.xls")
Set objWorkbook2= objExcel.Workbooks.Open("E:\pavan2.xls")
Set objWorksheet1= objWorkbook1.Worksheets(1)
Set objWorksheet2= objWorkbook2.Worksheets(1)
For Each cell In objWorksheet1.UsedRange
If cell.Value <> objWorksheet2.Range(cell.Address).Value Then
msgbox "value is different"
Else
msgbox "value is same"
End If
Next
objWorkbook1.close
objWorkbook2.close
objExcel.quit
set objExcel=nothing
4) Data Driven Testing using Data Table methods
Datatable.AddSheet "pavan"
Datatable.ImportSheet "C:\Documents and
Settings\Administrator\Desktop\pavan.xls",1,3
n=datatable.GetSheet (3).GetRowCount
For i= 1 to n
Datatable.SetCurrentRow(i)
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set datatable("agent",3)
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").Set datatable("pwd",3)
Next
Example 2):
Datatable.AddSheet "pavan"
Datatable.ImportSheet "C:\Documents and
Settings\Administrator\Desktop\pavan.xls",1,3
n=datatable.GetSheet (3).GetRowCount
For i= 1 to n
Datatable.SetCurrentRow(i)
VbWindow("Form1").Activate
VbWindow("Form1").VbEdit("val1").Set datatable("V1",3)
VbWindow("Form1").VbEdit("val2").Set datatable("V2",3)
VbWindow("Form1").VbButton("ADD").Click
eres= Datatable.Value ("res",3)
ares=VbWindow("Form1").VbEdit("res").GetROProperty ("text")
If eres=ares Then
datatable("res",3)=pass
else
datatable("res",3)=fail
End If
Next
5) Open an Excel Spreadsheet

Set objWorkbook = objExcel.Workbooks.Open("C:\Scripts\pavan.xls")
6) Read an Excel Spreadsheet

Set objWorkbook = objExcel.Workbooks.Open _
("C:\Scripts\New_users.xls")
intRow = 2
Do Until objExcel.Cells(intRow,1).Value = ""

Wscript.Echo "CN: " & objExcel.Cells(intRow, 1).Value
Wscript.Echo "sAMAccountName: " & objExcel.Cells(intRow, 2).Value
Wscript.Echo "GivenName: " & objExcel.Cells(intRow, 3).Value
Wscript.Echo "LastName: " & objExcel.Cells(intRow, 4).Value
intRow = intRow + 1
Loop
objExcel.Quit
7) Add Formatted Data to a Spreadsheet
objExcel.Workbooks.Add
objExcel.Cells(1, 1).Value = "Test value"
objExcel.Cells(1, 1).Font.Bold = TRUE
objExcel.Cells(1, 1).Font.Size = 24
objExcel.Cells(1, 1).Font.ColorIndex = 3
8) Sort an Excel Spreadsheet on Three Different Columns
Const xlAscending = 1
Const xlDescending = 2
Const xlYes = 1

Set objWorkbook = _
objExcel.Workbooks.Open("C:\Scripts\Sort_test.xls")
Set objWorksheet = objWorkbook.Worksheets(1)

Set objRange = objWorksheet.UsedRange
Set objRange2 = objExcel.Range("A1")

Set objRange3 = objExcel.Range("B1")
Set objRange4 = objExcel.Range("C1")
objRange.Sort objRange2,xlAscending,objRange3,,xlDescending, _
objRange4,xlDescending,xlYes
Database Operations
ADO (Active Data Objects), this technology allows users to access data easily from
many existing databases (such as Access or Paradox) or from ODBC compliant
databases like Oracle or MS SQL Server. Using ADO is quite simple and allows
programmers to provide flexible database front ends to users that are reliable and
include many features.
Following are some of the key objects found in the ADO object model and some of
their key methods and properties.
Connection Object
This object represents an open connection to the data source. This connection can be
a local connection (say App.Path) or can be across a network in a client server
application. Some of the methods and properties of this object are not available
depending on the type of data source connected to.
Command Object
A command object specifies a specific method we intend to execute on or against the
data source accessed by an open connection.
RecordSet Object
The RecordSet object represents a complete set of records from an executed

command or from an underlying base table in the database. A key thing to note is
that a RecordSet object references only one record at a time as the current record.
Examples
1) Get Test Data from a Database and use in Data Driven Testing (through
Scripting)
1) Dim con,rs
2) Set con=createobject("Adodb.connection")
3) Set rs=createobject("Adodb.recordset")
4) con.provider=("microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0")
5) con.open "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\My Documents\Pavan.mdb"
6) rs.open "Select * From Login",con
7) While rs.eof <>True
8) SystemUtil.Run "C:\Program Files\Mercury Interactive\QuickTest
9) Dialog("Login").Activate
10) Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set rs.fields ("Agent")
11) Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").Set rs.fields ("Password")
12) Dialog("Login").WinButton("OK").Click
13) Window("Flight Reservation").Close
14) rs.movenext
15) Wend
2) Exporting Data from a Database to an Excel Sheet
1) Dim con,rs
2) Set con=createobject("adodb.connection")
3) Set rs=createobject("adodb.recordset")
4) con.provider="microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0"
5) con.open"C:\Documents and Settings\admin\My Documents\Pavan.mdb"
6) rs.open"select*from Login",con
7) Set ex=createobject("Excel.Application")
8) Set a=ex.workbooks.open("C:\Documents and Settings\admin\My
Documents\Pavan.xls")
9) Set b=a.worksheets("sheet1")
10) i=1
11) Do While Not rs.EOF
12) b.cells (i,1).value=rs.fields("agent")
13) b.cells(i,2).value=rs.fields("password")
14) rs.movenext
15) i=i+1
16) Loop
17) a.save
18) a.close
3) Exporting Data from a Database to a Text file

Dim objCon,objRs,ObjFso,myFile,myData,rc,r
Set objCon=createobject("Adodb.connection")
Set objRs=createobject("Adodb.Recordset")
set objFso=createobject("Scripting.Filesystemobject")
Set myFile=objFso.OpenTextFile("C:\Documents and Settings\gcr\My
Documents\pavan.txt",8)
objcon.provider=("Microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0")
objcon.open"C:\Documents and Settings\gcr\My Documents\pavan.mdb"
objrs.open "select * from login",objCon
r=1
Do until objRs.EOF
a=objRs.Fields ("Agent")
b=objRs.Fields ("Pwd")
myFile.Writeline a &","& b
r=r+1
objRs.MoveNext
Loop
myFile.Close
objCon.Close
4) Connecting to a SQL Sever database

objConnection.Open _
"Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=atl-sql-01;" & _
"Trusted_Connection=Yes;Initial Catalog=Northwind;" & _
"User ID=fabrikam\kenmyer;Password=34DE6t4G!;"
objRecordSet.Open "SELECT * FROM Customers", _

objConnection, adOpenStatic, adLockOptimistic
objRecordSet.MoveFirst
Wscript.Echo objRecordSet.RecordCount
5) Open a Database Using a DSN

"Northwind;fabrikam\kenmyer;34ghfn&!j"
objRecordSet.Open "SELECT * FROM Customers", _

Wscript.Echo objRecordSet.RecordCount
6) Open Two Record sets

Set objRecordSet2 = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
"Provider= Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; " & _
"Data Source=inventory.mdb"
objRecordSet.Open "SELECT * FROM GeneralProperties Where ComputerName =

'Computer1'", _
objRecordSet2.Open "SELECT * FROM Storage Where ComputerName =

'Computer1'", _
objRecordSet2.MoveFirst
Do Until objRecordset.EOF
Wscript.Echo objRecordset.Fields.Item("ComputerName")
Wscript.Echo objRecordset.Fields.Item("OSName")
objRecordSet.MoveNext
Loop
Do Until objRecordset2.EOF
Wscript.Echo objRecordset2.Fields.Item("DriveName"), _
objRecordset2.Fields.Item("DriveDescription")
objRecordSet2.MoveNext
Loop
objRecordSet.Close
objRecordSet2.Close
objConnection.Close
7) Searching a Database Using String Criteria

"Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; " & _
"Data Source = eventlogs.mdb"
objRecordSet.Open "SELECT * FROM EventTable " & _

"WHERE Type = 'Error'", objConnection, adOpenStatic, _
adLockOptimistic
Wscript.Echo "Number of records: " & objRecordset.RecordCount
objRecordSet.Close
objConnection.Close
8) Insert Data into a database table using Database Command Object
Dim objCon,objCom
Set objCon=Createobject("ADODB.connection")
objCon.open"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=C:\pavan.mdb;"
Set objCom=Createobject("ADODB.Command")
objCom.ActiveConnection=objCon
objCom.CommandText="insert into Emp values('G C Reddy',88233,30000)"
objCom.Execute
objCon.Close
Set objCom=Nothing
Set objCon=Nothing
9) Insert multiple sets of Data (using Excel sheet) into a database table
using Database Command Object
Dim objCon,objCom,strEmpName,intEmpNo,intEmpSal,intRowcount,i
Datatable.AddSheet("input")
Datatable.ImportSheet "C:\pavan.xls",1,"input"
intRowcount=Datatable.GetSheet("input").GetRowCount
Msgbox intRowcount
For i=1 to intRowcount step 1
DataTable.SetCurrentRow(i)
strEmpName= DataTable.Value(1,"input")
intEmpNo= DataTable.Value(2,"input")
intEmpSal= DataTable.Value(3,"input")
objCom.CommandText="insert into Emp values( '"&strEmpName&"
',"&intEmpNo&","&intEmpSal&")"
objCom.Execute
Next
objCon.Close
Set objCom=Nothing
Set objCon=Nothing
Object Identification Configuration
Overview:
Generally for every object 20-25 properties information available, qtp recognizes
object using 2 0r 3 important properties.
Qtp has default object identification configuration for every environment, if we feel
that configuration is not sufficient for recognizing objects in our application, we can
configure some more
Object Identification Types
a) Normal identification
1) Mandatory properties
2) Assistive properties
b) Smart identification
1) base filter properties

2) optional filter properties
c) Ordinal identifier
1) location
2) index
3) creation time(only for web)
QTP learns information in the following in case of normal identification:
First of all the qtp learns all the mandatory properties at a time and thinks whether
these properties sufficient to identify the object uniquely. if it feels sufficient then it
stops learning otherwise,
It learns first assistive property and once again stops and thinks, like this qtp learns
one by one. At the end of assistive properties list also if it feels not satisfied and it
finally goes to Ordinal Identifier.
QTP learns information in the following in case of Smart Identification:
Smart identification is an optional feature, if we feel normal identification is not

sufficient for any object, and then we configure Smart Identification for that object,
in order to avoid Ordinal Identifier.
After normal identification if qtp feels not satisfied then it goes to smart
identification. in smart identification 2 types of properties available, first qtp learns
all base filter properties at a time and thinks whether these properties are sufficient
for identifying the object uniquely. If it feels sufficient, then it stops learning
otherwise it goes Optional Filter Properties and learns one by one. Still it feels not
satisfied finally it goes to Ordinal Identifier.
Ordinal identifiers:
There are 3 types of ordinal identifiers available
1) Location: is based on object location in the AUT ,location starts from zero.
2) index: it is based on sequence of the programs, index starts from zero
3) Creation time: it is based on loading time of the web objects. qtp generates 0,1,2
like numbers.
Tool Settings Globalization:
As QTP is a I-tier(Stand-alone) application,making Tool settings globally is not

possible.
For making tool settings global, QTP is providing a special feature called "Generate
Script".
STEPS:
1) Settings available in 3 areas.
a) File->Settings
b) Tools->Options
c) Tools->Object Identification
2) Perform required settings and generate Scripts
3) Share Script files to team members and ask them to execute those scripts.
NOTE: After executing these scripts all team members can get same settings.
Regular Expressions in QTP
What is Regular Expression?
It is a way of representing data using symbols. They are often used within
matching, searching or replacing algorithms.
Regular Expressions in QTP:
Regular expressions can be used in QTP for identifying objects and text strings with
varying values.
Where we use:
o Defining the property values of an object in Descriptive programming for handling

dynamic objects
o For parameterizing a step
o creating checkpoints with varying values
Using Regular Expressions in QTP:
We can define a regular expression for a constant value, a Data Table parameter
value, an Environment parameter value, or a property value in Descriptive
programming.
We can define a regular expression in standard checkpoint to verify the property

values of an object; we can set the expected value of an object's property as a
regular expression so that an object with a varying value can be verified.
We can define the text string as a regular expression, when creating a text
checkpoint to check that a varying text string is displayed on our application,
For XML checkpoints we can set attribute or element values as regular expressions.
Ways of Regular Expressions:
a) Backslash Character:
A backslash (\) can serve two purposes. It can be used in conjunction with a special
character to indicate that the next character be treated as a literal character.
Alternatively, if the backslash (\) is used in conjunction with some characters that
would otherwise be treated as literal characters, such as the letters n, t, w, or d, the
combination indicates a special character.
b) Matching Any Single Character:
A period (.) instructs QTP to search for any single character (except for \n).
Ex:
welcome.
Matches welcomes, welcomed, or welcome followed by a space or any other single
character.
c) Matching Any Single Character in a List:
Square brackets instruct QTP to search for any single character within a list of
characters.
Ex:
To search for the date 1867, 1868, or 1869, enter:
186[789]
d) Matching Any Single Character Not in a List:
When a caret (^) is the first character inside square brackets, it instructs QTP to
match any character in the list except for the ones specified in the string.
Example:
[^ab]
Matches any character except a or b.
e) Matching Any Single Character within a Range:
To match a single character within a range, we can use square brackets ([ ]) with
the hyphen (-) character.
Example:
For matching any year in the 2010s, enter:
201[0-9]
f) Matching Zero or More Specific Characters:
An asterisk (*) instructs QTP to match zero or more occurrences of the preceding
character.
For example:
ca*r
Matches car, caaaaaar, and cr
g) Matching One or More Specific Characters:
A plus sign (+) instructs QTP to match one or more occurrences of the preceding
character.
For example:
ca+r
Matches car and caaaaaar, but not cr.
h) Matching Zero or One Specific Character:
A question mark (?) instructs QTP to match zero or one occurrences of the preceding
character.
For example:
ca?r
Matches car and cr, but nothing else.
i) Grouping Regular Expressions:
Parentheses (()) instruct QTP to treat the contained sequence as a unit, just as in
mathematics and programming languages. Using groups is especially useful for
delimiting the argument(s) to an alternation operator ( | ) or a repetition operator
( * , + , ? , { } ).
j) Matching One of Several Regular Expressions:
A vertical line (|) instructs QTP to match one of a choice of expressions.
k) Matching the Beginning of a Line:
A caret (^) instructs QTP to match the expression only at the start of a line, or after
a newline character.
l) Matching the End of a Line:
A dollar sign ($) instructs QTP to match the expression only at the end of a line, or
before a newline character.
m) Matching Any AlphaNumeric Character Including the Underscore:
\w instructs QTP to match any alphanumeric character and the underscore (A-Z, a-
z, 0-9, _).
n) Matching Any Non-AlphaNumeric Character:
\W instructs QTP to match any character other than alphanumeric characters and
underscores.
o) Combining Regular Expression Operators:
We can combine regular expression operators in a single expression to achieve the
exact search criteria we need.
For example,
start.*
Matches start, started, starting, starter, and so forth.
we can use a combination of brackets and an asterisk to limit the search to a
combination of non-numeric characters.
For example:
[a-zA-Z]*
To match any number between 0 and 1200, we need to match numbers with 1 digit,
2 digits, 3 digits, or 4 digits between 1000-1200.
The regular expression below matches any number between 0 and 1200.
([0-9]?[0-9]?[0-9]|1[01][0-9][0-9]|1200)
RegExp object
VB Script is providing RegExp object for defining Regular expressions, It provides

simple support for defining regular expressions.
Regular Expression Object Properties and Methods:
Properties:
a) Global Property
b) IgnoreCase Property
c) Pattern Property
Methods:
a) Execute Method
b) Replace Method
c) Test Method
Regular Expressions Examples:
1) Match File Names in a Directory against Regular Expression
Set objFS = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
strCurrentDirectory = objShell.CurrentDirectory
Set objFolder = objFS.GetFolder(strCurrentDirectory)

Set colFiles = objFolder.Files
Set objRE = New RegExp

objRE.Global = True
objRE.IgnoreCase = False
objRE.Pattern = WScript.Arguments(0)
For Each objFile In colFiles

bMatch = objRE.Test(objFile.Name)
If bMatch Then
WScript.Echo objFile.Name
End If
Next
2) Match Content in a File against a Regular Expression

strFileName = "E:\pavan.txt"
Set objTS = objFS.OpenTextFile(strFileName)

strFileContents = objTS.ReadAll
WScript.Echo "Searching Within: "
WScript.Echo strFileContents
objTS.Close

objRE.Global = True
Set colMatches = objRE.Execute(strFileContents)

WScript.Echo vbNewLine & "Resulting Matches:"
For Each objMatch In colMatches
WScript.Echo "At position " & objMatch.FirstIndex & " matched " & objMatch.Value
--------------------------------------------------
Batch Testing
Executing a group of tests/series of tests at a time is known as Batch Testing or

Batch Execution.
For performing Batch Testing, QTP has provided a separate Tool called 'Test Batch
Runner'.
Steps for Batch Testing:
1). Create Individual Tests and Run once.
2). Open 'Test batch Runner' Tool and Form Batches.
3) Provide permission to 'Test batch Runner' to run tests
4). Run or Execute Test Batches from Test Batch Runner.
5) View Test wise Result in 'Test Result Viewer'
Forming a Test Batch:
Launch Test Batch Runner.
Navigation: Start>program>quicktest professional>Tools>Test Batch

Runner>File>new>batch>add>browse path of the test (like this add number of
tests)>save with MTB extension (Module test batche)>close test batch runner.
Running or Executing a Test Batch
Open Test Batch Runner Tool
Navigation: File>open>browse path of the test batch>batch>run
Note: Test Batch Runner launches QTP Tool, QTP runs Tests one by one.
Note: Allowing other products to Run Tests.
Navigation: Tools>Options>Run>check allow other mercury products>apply & Ok
Executing partial Test Batch
Open Test Batch Runner >open Test Batch>Select or deselect tests>run test batch.
VB Script Other Objects
1) Dictionary Object
Dictionary Object that stores data key, item pairs.
A Dictionary object is the equivalent of a PERL associative array/Hash Variable.

Items can be any form of data, and are stored in the array. Each item is associated
with a unique key. The key is used to retrieve an individual item and is usually an
integer or a string, but can be anything except an array.
Creating a Dictionary Object:
Set objDictionary = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Dictionary Objects Methods:
Add Method
Adds a key and item pair to a Dictionary object
Exists Method
Returns true if a specified key exists in the Dictionary object, false if it does not.
Items Method
Returns an array containing all the items in a Dictionary object.
Keys Method
Returns an array containing all existing keys in a Dictionary object.
Remove Method
Removes a key, item pair from a Dictionary object.
RemoveAll Method
The RemoveAll method removes all key, item pairs from a Dictionary object.
Example:
Dim cities
Set cities = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
cities.Add "h", "Hyderabad"
cities.Add "b", "Bangalore"
cities.Add "c", "Chennai"
Dictionary Objects Properties:

Count Property
Returns the number of items in a collection or Dictionary object. Read-only.
CompareMode Property
Sets and returns the comparison mode for comparing string keys in a Dictionary
object.
Key Property
Sets a key in a Dictionary object.
Item Property
Sets or returns an item for a specified key in a Dictionary object. For collections,
returns an item based on the specified key. Read/write.
Examples:
1) Add Elements to a Dictionary
objDictionary.Add "Printer 1", "Printing"
objDictionary.Add "Printer 2", "Offline"
2) Delete All Elements from Dictionary
colKeys = objDictionary.Keys
Wscript.Echo "First run: "
For Each strKey in colKeys
Wscript.Echo strKey
Next
objDictionary.RemoveAll
Wscript.Echo VbCrLf & "Second run: "
Wscript.Echo strKey
Next
3) Delete One Element from a Dictionary
Wscript.Echo "First run: "
Wscript.Echo strKey
Next
objDictionary.Remove("Printer 2")
Wscript.Echo VbCrLf & "Second run: "
Wscript.Echo strKey
Next
4) List the Number of Items in a Dictionary
Wscript.Echo objDictionary.Count
5) Verify the Existence of a Dictionary Key
If objDictionary.Exists("Printer 4") Then
Wscript.Echo "Printer 4 is in the Dictionary."
Else
Wscript.Echo "Printer 4 is not in the Dictionary."
End If
2) RegExp object
VB Script is providing RegExp object for defining Regular expressions, It provides

simple support for defining regular expressions.
Regular Expression Object Properties and Methods:
Properties:
a) Global Property
b) IgnoreCase Property
c) Pattern Property
Methods:
a) Execute Method
b) Replace Method
c) Test Method
1) Match File Names in a Directory against Regular Expression
Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
strCurrentDirectory = objShell.CurrentDirectory
Set objFolder = objFS.GetFolder(strCurrentDirectory)
Set colFiles = objFolder.Files
objRE.Global = True
For Each objFile In colFiles
bMatch = objRE.Test(objFile.Name)
If bMatch Then
WScript.Echo objFile.Name
End If
Next
2) Match Content in a File against a Regular Expression
strFileName = "E:\pavan.txt"
Set objTS = objFS.OpenTextFile(strFileName)
strFileContents = objTS.ReadAll
WScript.Echo "Searching Within: "
WScript.Echo strFileContents
objTS.Close
objRE.Global = True
Set colMatches = objRE.Execute(strFileContents)
WScript.Echo vbNewLine & "Resulting Matches:"
For Each objMatch In colMatches
WScript.Echo "At position " & objMatch.FirstIndex & " matched " & objMatch.Value
Next
3) Database Command Object
1) Insert Data into a database table using Database Command Object
Dim objCon,objCom
objCom.CommandText="insert into Emp values('G C Reddy',88233,30000)"

objCom.Execute
objCon.Close
Set objCom=Nothing
Set objCon=Nothing
2) Insert multiple sets of Data (using Excel sheet) into a database table
using Database Command Object
Dim objCon,objCom,strEmpName,intEmpNo,intEmpSal,intRowcount,i
Datatable.AddSheet("input")
Datatable.ImportSheet "C:\pavan.xls",1,"input"
intRowcount=Datatable.GetSheet("input").GetRowCount
Msgbox intRowcount
For i=1 to intRowcount step 1
DataTable.SetCurrentRow(i)
strEmpName= DataTable.Value(1,"input")
intEmpNo= DataTable.Value(2,"input")
intEmpSal= DataTable.Value(3,"input")
objCom.CommandText="insert into Emp values( '"&strEmpName&"
',"&intEmpNo&","&intEmpSal&")"
objCom.Execute
Next
objCon.Close
Set objCom=Nothing
Set objCon=Nothing
4) Word Object
1) Create a word document and write some data
dim mw
set mw=CreateObject("Word.Application")
mw.Documents.Add
mw.selection.typetext "hello"
mw.ActiveDocument.SaveAs "e:\pavan.doc"
mw.quit
set mw=nothing
2) Create Script to get the list of links in Google and do spell check
Dim d
set mw=CreateObject("Word.Application")
set d=Description.Create
d("micclass").value="Link"
set a=Browser("Google").page("Google").childobjects(d)
for i=0 to a.count-1
mw.WordBasic.filenew
s=a(i).getROProperty("innertext")
mw.WordBasic.insert s
if mw.ActiveDocument.Spellingerrors.count>0 then
Reporter.ReportEvent 1,"Spelling","spelling error :"&s
end if
mw.ActiveDocument.Close(False)
next
mw.quit
set mw=nothing
3) Script to display all the doc files in all the drives in the system
Dim mw
Set mw=CreateObject("Word.Application")
Set fs=createobject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set d=fs.Drives
mw.FileSearch.FileName="*.doc"
For each dr in d
msgbox dr
mw.FileSearch.LookIn=dr
mw.FileSearch.SearchSubFolders=True
mw.FileSearch.Execute
For each i in mw.FileSearch.FoundFiles
print i
Set f=fs.GetFile(i)
print f.Name&" "&f.Size&" "&f.DateCreated
print "-------------------------------------------------------------------"
Next
Next
mw.Quit
5) IE Object
1) Open Internet Explorer and navigate to yahoo mail
Dim ie
Set ie=CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")
ie.Visible=True
ie.Navigate "www.yahoomail.com"
x=Browser("CreationTime:=0").GetROProperty("title")
msgbox x
Automation Framework
Automation:
Accessing one Software Objects from another Software is called Automation.
(AUT is one s/w and Testing Tool is another s/w.)
Automation Framework:
It is a set of guidelines, assumptions and process developed by experts in order to

perform a task(s) in an effective, efficient and optimized way.
Or
A systematic approach to automate software Test process
Why Automation Framework:
In one project test automation we use various files, we perform various tasks, in
order to organize and manage them all, a systematic approach (Automation
Framework) required.
Files to be used:
a) Flat files (.txt),
b) Excel files (.xls)
c) Object repository files (.tsr)
d) XML files (.xml)
e) Library files (.vbs/.qfl)
f) Test Scripts (.mts)
g) Test Batch Files (.mtb)
h) Recovery scenario files (.qrs)
i) Test Result file (.XML) Etc...
Tasks to be performed:
a) Analyzing the application
b) Selecting Areas/Test Cases for Automation
c) Planning (Effort estimation, Schedule, Work allocation and Automation Framework

implementation)
d) Creating Generic and project specific functions.
e) Creating required Automation resources (Functions, Object repository Files,

Environment variable files---etc)
f) Creating Tests (Using Object Repository or Descriptive Programming)
g) Enhancing Tests(Inserting Checkpoints, Output Values, Transaction points, Flow

Control Statements, Synchronization, Parameterization---etc )
h) Debugging and running tests(Individual test execution, Test Batch execution

--etc)
i) Defining and exporting test results
j) Analyzing results
k) Test reporting
l) Defect Reporting using companies defect management system.
m) Modifying tests
n) Performing re and regression testing ---etc
Types Of Automation Framework:
Automation Framework is not a qtp feature, it’s a 3rd party concept. And this is
purely local concept.(framework may vary from one company to another)
1. Record/Playback or Linear Framework (1st generation framework).
In this Framework we create tests using recording,low resources maintenance, Form

batches and executing tests.
Drawbacks: Modifications and maintenance are difficult,less command on scripts,low

performance ---etc
2. Modular Framework.
In this Framework,reusable components can be recognized,first we concentrate on

creating reusable components, then creating tests using those components.
Advantages:
It reduces test Automation time
Performance is high than recording and playback
Drawbacks:
Less usage of keywords, no concentration on Data driven testing and low
performance than latest Frameworks like Keyword Driven Framework.
3. Data Driven Framework
In this Framework,we concentrate more on Data Driven testing.We recognize

positive and negative scenarios,then collecting test data and parameterizing.
Advantages:
We can check reliability of the system,positive and negative testing.
Drawbacks:
Less concentration on complex Functionality Testing and low keywords usage.

4. Keyword Driven framework
5. Hybrid Framework
In the above frameworks Keyword Driven framework is very famous in the industry.
It is a mixing of more than one approach.
In this approach,we mix Data driven and Modular approaches OR Data Driven and
Keyword Driven approaches---etc
Advantages:
Scope is very high as we mix different approaches,Flexible for performing any tasks.
Drawbacks:
Organizing and managing resources are difficult,complex architecture,low in

performance.
NOTE: Now a days Mix of Data driven and Keyword driven approaches is a famous
Hybrid Framework in the industry.
Keyword Driven Framework

Keyword:
1. Any word used as the key to a code
2 A reserved word used to identify a specific command, function etc.
(in our test automation example keywords are :
Keywords to be used in Test Automation:
a) Test Objects (EX: Browser,page,webEdit,WinButton---etc)
b) Functions (Built-In and User defined)
c) Methods (Ex:Set,Select,Activate,Navigate---etc)
d) Statements (EX:Dim,If,For---etc)
e) Operators (EX: +,/,*,and,or,not---etc)
Keyword Driven Approach:
In this approach we use keywords for preparing tests. First we create tests and make
them as functions, through framework we execute them and generate results.
Key elements of Automation Framework:
1. Well defined folder structure

2. Initialization script
3. Driver script
4. input data spreadsheet
5. process guidelines document
Why folder structure?
In order to create, store, organize and manage files a well defined folder structure
required. Folder structure is a mandatory element of any framework, but folder
names may vary from one framework to another and company to another .
Folder Structure:
1. Object Repository
2. Environment
3. Library
a) Company
b) Project Specific
4. Test data
5. Test log
6. Recovery scenarios
7. Miscellaneous
And
1. Initialization script (.vbs file)

2. Driver script (QTP Script file)
1) Object Repository: In this folder we store object repository files(.tsr), all team
members can use this repositories.
2) Environment: In this folder we store environment variables files(.xml), all team

members can use this variables.
3) Function Library:this folder contains two sub folders one is for storing common
functions of our company, another folder for storing our project specific
functions(.vbs).
4) Test Data: in this folder we store test data required for data driven testing, for
that we use either .xls files or .txt files or .mdb files.
5) Test Log: In this folder we store test result(excel sheet).
6) Recovery scenarios: In this folder we store qtp recovery scenarios files(.qrs).
7) Miscellaneous: in this folder we store the files other than above files(ex-process
guideline doc and messages among team members and instructions by team lead
etc).
And
1) Initialization script (.vbs file): It launches qtp tool and calls driver script, at end
it closes qtp tool.
2) Driver script (QTP Script file): It is only the qtp script, we can associate all
resources to this script
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Quick Test Professional 10.

o QTP Launched in 2002 (Nov). By Mercury Interactive. Later taken over by

• Astra Quick test (Mother tool of QTP) 1.0 to 5.0

Default Add- ins of QTP are:

During launching it shows Add-In Manager.

Add-in manager window

Select appropriate Add Ins and click okay.

Quick Test Launches

QTP Tool Window

Action: It is a set of Statements. (It is a local concept)

Statement: A minimal executable unit. Statements may have keywords. (Keyword

Test pane has 2 views.

Expert view- Test in VB script format.

QTP Test Pane-Expert View

Key word view- Test in Icon based GUI format.

Note 3: User can customize Test pane view options.

Navigation: View menu>active screen (for launching and closing)

Configuring active screen: view>options>active screen tab>increase /Decrease

1. Enter test data directly into Data Table and use.

It has two types of sheets.

Data table available in 2 ways:

1. Design time data table. (Attached with every test)

Run time is a carbon copy of design time data table.

It is used for locating and rectifying or fixing errors.

It can be used for debugging the tests by step-by-step execution.

Navigation: View menu>debug viewer (for launching and closing)

QTP Tool Window-Debug Viewer

Navigation: view menu> information

QTP Tool Window-Information Pane

QTP Commands are available in 3 ways.

Analyzing the AUT

First, determine the development environments in which our application controls

In QTP there are 3 recording modes available for preparing Tests.

During recording QTP generates VbScript statements in Test Pane, Simultaneously it

Steps for preparing a Test (through Recording):

1. Put AUT in base state

(It shows two Options :

If we select first option it records on any opened application on Desktop.

1. Keep tool under recording mode

Steps for preparing a TEST (through Analog Recording):

1. Launch AUT (or we can launch AUT through QTP)

(In this Dialog box two options available.

1. Record relative to the screen

3. Low Level Recording

It records some operations on Non-supported environments apart from Normal

Steps for preparing a TEST (through Low Level Recording):

1) Launch AUT (or we can launch AUT through QTP)

Object is something, which has structure and properties.

Types of Object in QTP:

There are four types of object available in QTP.

1. Run time objects

Automation objects/User defined objects

There are two types of repository available in QTP.

User can add some more objects to Local repository

User can perform rename, delete operations in local repository. As it is QTP

Navigation: Resource menu>object repository (Short cut key Ctrl+R)

Operations on Object Repository

Navigation: open local repository (resource menu>object repository)

Navigation: Resource menu>object repository manager>object>Add

Resources >object repository manager>file>open>browse path of the repository file

Resources >object repository manager>file>open>browse path of the repository file

Associating objects repositories to an action

Resources>Associate repositories>click add icon (+)>browse path of the