6 It is the first learning place The child learns Family is the greatest gift of. nature. everything by watching and |mitating the family members. It may be how to speak, walk and behave. The child also learns to overcome challenges, solve problems and make decisions. It is important that the grown Up members of the family practice the values and actions that they want their Do You Know? children to learn. The interaction among the family members develops close bonds of love and affection that continue throughout life. All human beings live in groups. Family is the most important group. Joint Family Nuclear Family Family System The family system works like a chain. The elders help the child to grow up into a good human being. In turn the children provide support to elders in times of need. They also follow the family values and traditions. Mutual affection, love. trust and sharing of responsibilities strengther i familFamily Traditions Each family follows certain customs and traditions. They are the activities that occur regularly and hold special meaning for that family. They are an excellent way of teaching values like respect for our elders, caring and sharing, helping others and passing the family heritage to the future generations. Every year on Baisakhi Lokesh’s family visits a gurudwara and have langar (community feast) there. The elders sit and listen to Airtan while the children help at langar, cleaning the compound and organising visitors in proper queues for darshan. Care and Appreciation The care and appreciation for one another are the real ) is important that the fami end til ‘among family members. The interaction gives them opportunities to remain in close contact, develop harmony and understanding. The parents and grandparents take care of the children with a | love al ti . Similarly, the chil look after the elders. Every member of the family has different responsibilities. These responsibilities must be shared and the wishes of others must be respected. strengths of a family. It_ It builds strong bonds Family Likes and Dislikes a each family, the members have their own likes and dislikes. It may be a special dish, colour, dress, music or television channel. The members also havepreterences as far household chores are concerned. They may or may not like washing clothes, buying groceries, paying bills or watering plants. But all household chores are necessary. Hence, it is important to share the responsibility Family Support What happens when a family member faces a problem? Do we stand by him/ her? Of course! All families give support in times of emergency. It helps the sufferer to overcome the difficulties. Sonia’s mother met with an accident. , _ She was taken to a hospital and immediately put on oxygen. She had lost a lot of blood. The doctors instructed the family to arrange for three units of blood to save her life. Sonia’s cousins readily donated blood, her aunt looked after their home and her uncle stayed in the hospital to help her father. The family support and care helped Sonia’s mother to recover_quickly. : a, What type of support is needed in case an elderly member of a family is i? Whom would you telephone/call in case of an emergency at home? AND AN CE 7 -Participation in Family Activities All family members participate In famil poetry or singing. Some of them are goo excellent at another, Fam! encouragement helps the m Aadit was a shy child, His parents and teachers encouraged him but he was scared of going on the stage. His class him participate in a group song, Now he has gained confidence and participates in dramatics, singing, debate, compering, news reading, etc. He also sings at family and neighbourhood functions. Everybody e his melodious voice. His parents and the other children also love to sing with him. teacher made What is your special talent? : Who is the best singer in your famil Who is the best cook in your family? @ur Role Models Family members personalities, their dee Children enjoy listening to st ed ly activities " d at one activity while ily nurtures the special embers to excel. njoys listening to | fell the children about great ind messages. It may be in the form of story narration, gifting books to children or visiting monuments, museums, etc. Pratap, Shivaji, Yashoda, Rani Jha Saraswati, etc. Many parents read out people or talk about current affairs. Th deepen the bonds among family members. ike cooking, eating, writing | the others are | talents of the members. The ( ero AY ae 4 : : y? Ay bated. ——— Ay ane O22There may be some family members whom you admire for their personality special talent, contribution to society or affectionate nature. The special member may be a tall uncle, a cousin who paints, your father, who is a runner, a grandmother who writes stories or an aunt with long, silky hair. It may be a member Who makes everyone laugh with his jokes or mimicry. You want to be like them: They are your role models. Whosoever your rale model may be, try to imbibe his/ her positive qualities. Fi te LS ale ru AIA Won yp y How is he/she related to you? Name two qualities that you admire him/her for. Always utilise your time and energy in improving yourself. Your good qualities make you happy, confident and popular with others. Share your feelings, hopes, experiences wi aren and family members. They will guide you to grow up into a great human being.SOMETHING TO KNOW Tick (#) the correct option: A type of family that includes only parents and their children is a— A (c) Extended Family ' (b) Nuclear Family (a) Joint Family To develop close bonds among family members we must share— (a) Love and affection. —(b) Jealousy (c) Hatred 3. To motivate the younger members to excel, family should— (b) Appreciate (c) Both of them (a) Encourage 4. The most important group of human beings is— (a) Family (b) Country (c) Union 5. The first learning place for a child is— (b) Family (c) Neighborhood (a) School B. Fill in the blanks: HelpoBomn! << 95. aoa support, share, activities, traditions, love, care helps the sufferer to overcome difficulties. 1. Family 2. All family members must participate in family \0 1 |) =. 3. The 2 Ie and _—ay@ ___ for one another is the real strength of a family. 4. Every member of the family must Ax’ __ the different responsibilities. 5. Each family follows certain customs and 40° 40) OnsC. State whether True or False: 1. Interaction develops strong bonds in a family. Ieue. 2. The children cannot help the elder. False 3. Each family follows same customs. false. 4. Care and appreciation are real strengths of a family. late 5. Every person has a talent. _lauje. D. Answer briefly: 1. List two qualities that you admire in your mother/father. 2 List the qualities that make your mother/father the most special person in the world. 3» Why does praise by family members make you happy? You have a family member who always criticises you. How is that person related to you? Give one reason for his/her criticism. 5. Describe your reactions when your mother/father checks you for your behaviour. E. Answer the following questions: + What is the importance of a family? 3-"The family systems work like a chain” Explain it with an example. 3. What-do you mean by “family traditions"? What is the importance of family traditions in your life? 4¢ What steps can the family members take to build strong bonds? - Why is it important to have good communication with your parents? PALUE Based Question: Parents have many responsibilities towards their children. List five responsibilities that children have towards their family. Are your responsibilities dependent on scoldings and frequent reminders? Explain with two examples.Migration is the systematic (regular) movement of people from one place to another. )Mankind_and_migration have been linked to each_other since ancient times. Human beings would not have continued to exist without migration. They moved from one place to another in search of food and shelter. The settled life began only after the man became a food producer. He started growing crops on a piece of land till the soil was fertile. Then he would abandon it and move to a new piece of land. This type of practice of growing crops was known as Shifting Agriculture. i) Do You Know? In reference to animals, migration implies their movement from one region or habitat, to another to breed, grow, find food or avoid cold/hot weather.Migration in Olden Times : In earlier times the migration was carried out within a limited area as there were ; © Means of transport. People had to walk or carry their goods. They were scared 0 travel to far away places due to difficulties, many myths and superstitions. This type of orthodox thinking underwent a great change with education, logical thinking and contact with other Do You Kn The orthodox People believed Countries. During the British period, Indians were encouraged to migrate, settle or work in the colonies under the British control. Many Indians signed agreements to go abroad for a fixed time. They had the choice to come back or permanently settle in foreign lands. Types of Migration Migration Forced Migration Voluntary Migration Voluntary Migration is when people move to another place on their own_wish/ choice. It may be for better job, educational opportunities or to be close to their family or friends in another village, town, city, state or country. The Anand couple was not happy when their son, Hiten was transferred/posted to Bengaluru. They missed the grandchildren and were lonely in Patiala. Hiten and his wife Avnee also missed the companionship and help of their parents. Their two children were upset as they were used to having the grandparents at home when they came back from school. So the Anand couple happily migrated to Bengaluru to be with their children.Look at the picture Shankar and his frends are going to Punjab. They work as extra labour during the Sowing and harvesting season. This is known as Seasonal Employment. | Do You Know? | The Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir and y Dhangers of Maharashtra are. nomads, | They keep moving from one place to another in search of food, water and Brazing grounds for their herds of sheeps, Boats, etc, ‘Shankar with his friends going to Punjab Forced Migration is the movement of a person, family or large groups_ot people_due to a natural disaster like flood, earthquake, tsunami, __ etc. x Do You Know? Sometimes people are forced to Some people are cores to migrate due to man-made disasters migrate te to demolition of like fire, drought, or terrorist activities. tt \™ illegal colonies. results in the loss of homes and jobs for many people. Story of Shyam Shyam, a blacksmith of Chandusi in Uttar Pradesh, earned money by making tools for the farmers. His village was hit by a drought. The farmers lost their crops. There was no work for Shyam. He was forced to migrate to Lucknow to earn money to feed his family of five members. He carries loads, works in dhabas or on construction sites, - “- In Septe: r 2014 the Kashmir valley was flooded. The floods were caused by heavy rains and overflowing of River shelum. It was mainly a man-made due to heavy construction on mountains. Thousands lost their homes, shops, businesses, etc. The authorities helped the victims. Thousands of pei of people Indian military and local ‘ople took shelter in reliefcamps in mosques and gurudwaras. They were given food, medicines, clothes, ete Hardships Faced by Migrants The migrants face many problems as they have to move homes and families to other areas. The labourers move to cities for jol wages (salaries). They have to live without basic amenities like shelter, sanitation sate drinking water. The condition is worse when they migrate with their families ye women have to work hard. The children do not get education. Many migrants oo not get any work and hence, start begging. away from their bs and better Joy of Migration Migration is like a chain. If the first person who migrates sends “Happily Settled’ e others also migrate tc the same country. information to the loved ones, thclimate that suits them, learn about new customs. dances, music, etc. Animal Migration 6 Animals migrate with change in seasons, They migrate to find warmer weather, better food Supply or safe place to give @ birth to their young. Animals do not follow a map or GPS. They know which direct tion to follow. They Jearn this from their Parents and have a Special sense! Caribou live in snow- pastures, crossing many crocodile fille one of the “Seven Wonders of the Natural World”. Migration of WildebeestsKe. SOMETHING TO KNOW A. Tick (V) the correct option: What is regular movement of people from one place to an (b) Travelling (c) Movement jother known as? 1 (a) Migration 2. People were scared to travel abroad in olden times due to— (b) Lack of money (c) Lack of transportation (a) Myths 3. What is migration due to natural disaster known as? (a) Forced migration. (b) Voluntary migration (c) Seasonal migration 4. Growing crops on a new piece of land once the fertility gets exhausted is— (a) Seasonal agriculture (b) Shifting agriculture ~~ (c) Commercial agriculture B. Fill in the blanks: Help Box voluntary, chain, limited, mankind, Kashmir ys and migration have been linked to each other since ancient times. migration is when people move to another place on their Neutra own wish. In September 2014 _- 1 _\\'! Valley saw devastating floods. 4. Migration is like aio. " . " . : 5. In earlier times migration was carried out within a 1/72) “CC areaC. State whether True or False: 1 . Answer briefly: a 2 The settled life began only when the man became a food producer. Ix~ue People were scared to travel to far away places in olden times. True The labourers move to cities for jobs and better wages. Feue_ Migration brings happiness to many people Txue Migrants are never happy. ; : False | f : | What do you mean by the term ‘migration’? e What is shifting agriculture? Name the two types of forced migration. Name the river which faced floods in Kashmir in the year 2014. Name two things that changed the orthodox thinking of people. Answer the following questions: 1. 2. Briefly highlight ‘the three types of migration. List three hardships that the migrants face. ‘Migration brings happiness to many people.’ Explain with two examples. Suppose you have to migrate to another city. List two preparations that you will make. What facilities are needed by people in case of a disaster?Look at the pictures of the Bhimbetka rocks shelters of Madhya Pradesh. They are the apeientwsteite age rock shelters with paintings. These permanent settlements are over 9000lVears old. They are 700inenumber and have around ‘Ode paintings. They give us a lot of information about the lif, fools and implements of the early man. The discovery of these caves has linked us to the pre-historic man. Isn't it amazing! Hi istory of Houses Caves were the earliestyform of shelter for man. When the early man gave up hunting and food gathering, he became a food producer. This was the beginning of agriculture. It brought a great change in his life and the type of dwellings. Now he started living a settled life close to the water bodies as he needed water for his crops and other domestic activities. He started building hutS with brafithes and leaves of trees. Later on the early man discovered that the walls-of thewhuts could be made with mud. These types of huts are still found in villages. We have come a long way from the times when huts were the g le only type of Shelter. Today we have different types, sizes and designs of houses in different Parts of India. of India. «This@regional atisestitrom ditteren :| te, materials available, for building a house and of course, money that one wants to spend on land and construction. Types of Shelters on the Basis of Landforms In°Hilly areas*houses are built with sloping roofs. It helps the snow and rain to slide off easily without damaging the roofs. Such houses are found in Srinagar and Shimla. The houses here are mainly made of cement, bricks and wood. House with sloping roof goolinssummers. The materials of construction are mainly ee brick: Many people sleep on the flat roofs in regions of high tempertaure like Rajasthan. In cities High-rise apartment buildings/flats are common because of limited land and large population.| areas and_on“Islands people build stilt houses. In the flood prone areas houses are made a few feet above the ground level to keep them dry. One has to climb 5-7 stairs to step inside the house. They keep the inhabitants safe from wild animals. The flood water easily drains out from in between the stilts without damaging the house. Stilt houses are made of bamboo, wood and coconut shaft Stilt house in Do You Know? “Houses in earthquake prone areas in Japan are built with bamboo and wood to minimise the damage to life and property. Rebuilding of such houses is not very difficult. Weillive i is e wevare satinasionizon=othnarsnfonsthortet ner” of oursneeds. Community living teaches us to care ior others and share facilities like water, electricity, roads, markets, etc. We need help in case of any disaster or trauma of losing a home or getting injured. A neighbourhood police station provides help and security. We also need services of hospital, ambulance and doctor to provide first aid.Sharing Space with Neighbours There was a farmer who grew the best quality corn. prizes, Every year he won many reporter interviewed him and learnt something The farmer shared his corn seeds with his neighbours. ‘How can you afford to share are also entering Once a newspaper very inter sting. your corn seeds with your neighbours? They the same competition with you,’ the reporter asked. said the farmer, ‘the swirls it from field to neighbou! ‘Sir, wind picks up pollen from the ripening corn and field. Hence, 1 share my corn seeds with all my all grow good quality corn.’ How true! so that we You cannot improve the quality of your life unless your neighbour's |ife improves. Those who want happiness must help others to find happiness. The welfare of each and every member of the society is necessary. The story highlights the importance of our responsibility and teaches us community living. Create a happy, safe and comfortable neighbourhood. ~ Do" You"Know? The police encourages people to follow the Neighbourhood Watch Plan. Any suspicious character or activity in the locality must be reported by neighbours. It is a wonderful way of crime prevention and ensuring safety of residents, especially the elderly members and children. NEIGHBOURHOOD WAICH, Caring for Neighbours Most i ce ee keep their own homes neat and tidy from inside but do not a lo ve the garbage on the street. Imagine the condition of streets if i yone acted in this manner. We must keep the same cleanliness standard for surroundings that we keep for our house. A clean neighbourhood does not have garbage heaps, flies, mosquitoes and unpleasant smells. should keep the /As_@ goad neighbour, we have some responsibilities. We volume of radio and television low. especially-at night. We should not use noisy We must inform equipments at night like washing machine or vacuum cleaner our neighbours in advance if we are having a party. We can also organise a car- pool with neighbours and share the parking space peacefully. Always be ready to qhelp_your neighbours in case of an emergency. ‘Do You Know? ~ Like human beings ants and bees also live in colonies. They work collectively as a social unit. They divide their work between female and male workers and the Queen.SOMETHING TO KNOW SOMETHING TO KNOW A. Tick (7) the correct option: 1.5 The number of Bhimbetka rock shelters is—~ (a) 700 (b) 900 (c) 7000 -2e—Bamboo and wooden houses are found in t (a) Plains (b) Desert (c) Earthquake prone areas 3. The earliest form of shelter for man were— (a) Huts (b) Caves V (c) Water bodies 4. Flat roof houses are found in regions of} (a) High temperature.(b) Low temperature (c) Polar region 5. The volume of radio/television at night should be kept— (a) Low (b) High (c) None of these B. Fill in the blanks: Help Box inhabitants, limited, dependent, car, sloping \ ) 1. We live in society because we are 1 fulfillment of our needs. on others for 2. Houses in hilly areas have LO. __ roofs. from wild animals. 3. Stilt houses protect the 4. You can organise (Gd _______-pool with neighbours. 5. In cities, flats are common because of _ —OlL__ land and many people.C. State whether True or False: 1. Huts were the earliest form of man-made shelter. 2. Bhimbetka rock shelters are 9000 years old \oNe 3. The houses in the hilly areas have flat roof False 4. We must never help our neighbours in case _ of emergency. FQLec 5. Most people do not hesitate to throw garbage on street DUE, D. Answer briefly: nat was the earliest form of shelter? What are the walls of huts made of in villages? me houses built with thick walls and flat roofs? ue 2 3. Why are sol 7 Give two advantages of high-rise apartments. 5. What is the advantage of Neighbourhood Watch Plan? E. Answer the following questions: What information do we get from Bhimbetka rock shelters? an when he became a food Us 2) List the changes that occurred in the life of m “—~ producer. 3. Give three reasons for regional variation in houses. (4. What are the responsibilities of a good neighbour? 5. Complete the table below: Plains Coastal and Islands — Earthquake prone areasIn Class-IV, you read about caring for older members of the family. You know that visually impaired and hearing impaired are special children Now let us learn how(aulittle care and love-can_make a great difference inthe lives of physically challenged and socially deprived children. Physically Challenged Children Young Saloni suffers from cerebral palsy. It is the condition where a person’s muscles do not respond normally. Her right side is weaker than the left. Her right arm is rigid. She has a brace for the right leg and she walks in a bumpy way. She cannot run and her speech is unclear. She finds it difficult to hold a pencil and write. She has to undergo speech and occupational therapy. She remains quiet and does not interact with other children. The only time she smiles is when her teacher switches on the music. Her body sways to the rhythm of the music! In earlier times most physically challenged children were not given any special education and training. The Parents were unaware about the help and training that could make their life happy and comfortable. But in recent times a lot of Progress has been made in this field. > The physically challenged children need Adaptive Devices and Therap: activities like sitting, eating and usir toilet independently. ae i(gapecial children. Their families are also trained to deal with them. Progress in the field of science and technology have made the physically challenged children more mobile and independent. They can use special machines for exercise and greater movement @)Physically | challenged children require. special skills to eat, read, move around, express themselves and: use"thertoilet. These skills make them confident and less dependent on other people. The teachers dealing with these children also require special training. This training helps the teachers to create a suitable environment where special children learn new skills faster. " The teachers need patience, kindness and a aan eae ay sympathetic attitude The school as well as the family plays an important role in the life of the special children. It is important that the Parents remain in close contact with the teachers for guidance. If a special child likes to dance or play, he/she should be provided the opportunity. This will make the child happy and confident. Inclusive Education Experts dealing with physically challenged children advise that these children must be integrated with other children. This is known as inclusive education\ be_sentutolatinormalliéchool. When they interact with other children, they develop confidence and understanding. It automatically enhances their learning abilities. Experts dealing with physically challenged chile They overcome hurdles, like shyness and hesitation, when they join normal schools. Children with phchallenges i . ice ee difficulty in forming relationships with others because of fn lations. Inclusive education will automatically help them to form relati i ions with other students, teachers, staff members, etc ee education also benefits other students. They not only develop an lerstanding of needs of special children but also develop a caring and sympathetic attitude towards them. This brings a great change in the society. Everyone realises the problems that special children face. We must work towards making their life happier. Physically challenged children can function at par with the normal children. They just need * a positive attitude of the people around them, suitable infrastructure taking care of their special needs, therapist to help and guide them, and lots of love and care person to degree. ShSocially Deprived Children They are the children whd“Are:deprived of the right to live a decentelife, They spend their lives either on the streets or in the slums. They do not have the opportunity of education or a life of dignity. Most of them are miserable, neglected and need help Rajni is 12 years old. She moves around in filthy clothes in crowded market areas with a big gunny bag. She picks up waste papers, bottles, boxes or anything that can be recycled. She sells the contents of her bag to the raddiwala every evening. Rajni longs to go to school, dressed in a neat uniform and carrying her books. Can she fulfill her dream? How? This is the story of thousands of socially deprived childrenéIhey belong to _ es wt arents are unable to earn enough money due to illness, unemployment, poverty or _illiter: Many such parents want to send their children to school. But their inability forces the children to earn money by rag picking, carrying loads, cleaning utensils in dhabas or by begging. They have to feed themselves and their families. Our constitution has special provisions to ensure that and every child ts _educati thieves standard of living. Our government has made efforts by giving them free education, books, uniform and stipends. But these children and their parents need to be guided. They should encourage their children to go regularly to school, study hard to make a better future for themselves and the whole society. : Do You Do You ¥ g 1. A constitution is a basic set of rules and regulations according to which the government of a country functions. It also describes the rights and duties of citizens. 2. Government. has introduced mid-day meal scheme to encourage enrolment of the socially deprived children into schools,A society can develop only when everyone is able to enjoy the basic needs of food, shelter and clothing. -Kailash"Satyarthi is a Child Rights Activist. He was awarded the Nobel ; Peace Prize in 2014 for his great— contribution in making the lives of socially deprivedyehildren better: He founded the Bachpan Bachao- Andolan® (Save the Childhood’ t) iner980. He has worked tirelessly in the spheres of child labour, regulating placement agencies, tracking and rescuing missing children. Let us all join hands to improve the destiny of the physically challenged and — the underprivileged children. We must help to improve their lives to build a stronger and equal society. It is our responsibility to bring a smile on their faces. Teachers, parents and society, all must have one goal—to enable each child to become a creative, aware, warm, friendly and eager young person.SOMETHING TO KNOW ji eae _ Tick (7) the correct option: 1. Special skils can make the physically challenged chidrana (a) Dependent (b) Confident (c) Sympathetic emchildren with physical challenges have difficulty in forming relationships, “with Gthers"due"tos (a) Physical limitations. (b) Less confidence (c) Shyness 3 “*PhysiGally clallenged children ‘Should be given education which is—e (a) Exclusive (b)_Inclusive 7 (c) Special 4. The condition of socially deprived children can be improvedsthrough==, (a) Employment (b) Money (c) Education.” B. Fill in the blanks: Help Box inclusive, constitution, physically, guidance, socially, relationships 1. A little care and love can make a great difference in the lives of challenged and —20C/'Al/)) deprived children. d 2. Specially trained teachers and therapists provide Qui special children. : 3. Physically challenged children face difficulties in forming _—- glatlar ss 4. Our CO 2,has special provisions to ensure that each and every child gets education. 5, LYCIUS/VE education also benefits all students. =)7 — 1 C. Correct the following statements: re about the help and training given to 1. In earlier times parents were aw D. Answer briefly: 1. al physically challenged children. | awa 90 ng i 14 Special child should not be provided with opportunities ai. Physically challenged children should be sent to special schools only. School has ho role in the life of socially deprived children. i / ay er 2 Socially deprived children belong to homes where the parents are able to earn enough money. Which facility in school can make physically challenged children more mobile? int quality do parents and teachers of physically challenged Which importa' children need? Name one thing that is essential for physically challenged children. What do socially deprived children miss? What do you do with your old books, clothes and toys?E. Answer the following questions: 1. Who are special children? What can make a difference in their lives? 2. Distinguish between the training of physically challenged children in earlier times and present times. (3) List the areas where physically challenged children require special skills. How are these skills useful to them? 4. What is inclusive Education? How does it benefit other students? > Who are socially deprived children? Where can you commonly find them? 6. What steps should be taken to improve the condition of socially deprived children? 7 Do you think socially deprived children should be given money? Give two reasons in support of your answer. ALUE Based Questions: 1. How can you help the socially deprived children? 2. Which five qualities would you need if you were studying in an inclusive school? 3. Your domestic help is only 12 years old. How would you convince his/her parents and your parents to send the child to school?) Community Services Human beings are social animals. They live together in the company of their fellow-beings in villages, towns or cities. The members of a community live In harmony and work for the benefit of one another. They also provide support to each other in times of emergency. Community living helps in building a peacetul society. ‘Cdifimunity=Serviee, is_the_help_or. _assistance™that benefits the-community It» may be assisting the elderly, participating in Neighbourhood Watch Programme, beautification of the locality, etc. Many people contribute to the -community service programmes by donating money or their services. It gives them pleasure and satisfaction. School children doing community service as a part of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Community Service in Olden Times @ommunity service has always been an important part of Indian history and- culturer People helped the poor with money, clothes, food, sheltergor looked after» Do You Know? ~ = Many people give money and food to beggars. This is not 2 goo: i t to train them for some craft/skill li making*coir fans, toys, paper bags, etc., so that the earn the money.»projects for the benefit of the digging wells, etc. inll@arlier times the kings/emperors took up many planting trees, eommon people like “helping the traveller Comfort of Travellers _most_travellers were In olden time: soldiers or me pilgri merchants; They had to face many hardships on their journeys as there were no shelters, roads, means of transport or arrangement of food or water. The kings constructed dharamshalas/saras (rest houses) fonetheir comfort: They provided shelter and safety from rough weather and wild animals Do You Know? at Dohara Sarai, twenty kilometres from Ludhiana, is situated at Grand Trunk Road. It was built by Be Sher Shah Suri for travellers. Trees on Roadsides Ashoka, a great ruler, understood the importance of good roads «fore. the sprogress-of-trade as well as pilgrims. He arranged to construct rest horses, dig wells and plant trees on the roadsides-for.the comfort of the ‘travellers:O_O water for Quenching the Thirst olden times, most dharamshalas/sarais settlements were constructed. clo Sse to water bodies, rivers, lakes or ponds. The resting places that were far awayetrom water, fulfilled their requirement of water from wells, steps wells, kunds and sisandras. Wells were the main source of water for drinking and other purposes. In some areas step wells were constructed to harvest the rainwater "and provide water to people and the palaces during the dry months. Some ‘step wells found in Gujarat and Rajasthan are fiv deep. “Step fe to seven storeys wells are called Water Temples of ‘Step well “A__Kund is a well that looks like a underwater storage system to harvest r: Saucer with a cup at the center It is an ainwater in the dry regions of Gujaratand _ Surajkund at Faridabad, Haryana RareA Sisandra, a tub-like structure, was built in Karnataka on important road crossings for the comfort of travellers. Smaller sisandras were built for animals. Water Harvesting in Olden Times Water harvesting is the technique of collecting, storing ma Sisandra and using rainwater for irrigation, drinking and other India had a well developed system of water harvesting, fulfill its requirement in the dry months. There was ~ purposes. In olden times, Each village saved rainwater to no shortage of water! ; al water sources exist even today; unfortunately most of Many of the tradition; them are in ruins due to neglect and poor maintenance. 's have been made to revive water harvesting. It saves rainwater from getting drained and wasted. _ It-solves the problem of water scarcity. > Wes | In recent times effort: the old water bodies and to popularise 3 Water harvesting plant in a modern buildingCommunity Service in Modern Times Community living requires organis of kings, now the government and its Each neighbourhood requires essential services like water hospitals, schools, roads, markets, sanitation, the changes that have occurred in travelling, ation, co-ordination and tolerance. Instead agencies look after the community services ete, Here, we are going to discuss water and trees in modern times Travelling Travelling has jone Today, diferent ‘means of transport are available for the convenience of the people Many guest. houses, restaurants, night shelters, motels. and hi to the travellers. Better roads, bridges and flyovers ensure the smooth movement of vehicles. Faster and more comfortable means of transport make travelling a pleasure. They may be cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes or ships. saves fuWater Water is oo Sunpled.through pipelines. inmost parts of our countrys Some areas pendent on wells, springs, rivers or lakes. Tube wells provide water for irrigation andsother purposes in areas that are far away from rivers, canals ang “streams: Even today in some parts of India women have to fetch water from distant places in pitchers. w i f India. Iteis mainly Water pollution has become a major concern in all parts of caused by-dumping, of household and industrial waste. foe Do You Know? Si We must all vow to stop the immersion of idols, garlands and other waste into water bodies. Trees Trees provideva”green cover to our earth. They are our best and most valuable es. They give us innumerable gifts like wood, . qtieR@S8MLife is not possible without tre flowers, fruits, vegetables, medicines, spices and shade: The most important gift, of trees is that they clean the _atmosphere™by converting carbon dioxide into oxygen! ~ -hevhad only one more day to live? He promptly -replied—lIn recent times forests have been cleared for agriculture, building houses. hotels, hospitals, transport system, resorts, etc The cutting of the balance of nature. (fffas created air pollution, lawered the level of underground water and reduced the number and species of animals, birds and plants... ‘Now. people are becoming aware of the importance of saving naturals resources like water, forests, wildlife, etc. They are planting trees so that the roots _ absorb the water and raise the underground water level. This will also save our © wildlife—animals, birds and inseots. Natural resources are the gifts of nature to» mankind. It is our responsibility to handover this heritage to our future generations. Our government has banned cutting of trees. Many projects have been started to plant more and more trees—Van Mahotsava, Each One Plant One Tree, etcy Do You Know? Chipko movement created awareness sha trees | Sal for life. Van Mahotsava is ele braSOMETHING TO KNOW A. Tick (/) the correct option: | 1. Who constructed the sarais in olden times? (a) Kings ~~ (b) Ministers 2. What is the technique of collecting, storing and usin (c) Pilgrims g rainwater known as? (a) Water harvesting .~ (b) Agriculture (c) Irrigation (a) Assam (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Gujarat _~ 4e@eln-our country, water is mainly supplied through (a) Wells (b) Pipelines 7 (c) Tube wells B. Fill in the blanks: Help Box Al a ae ee: Karnataka, history, rain, culture, Ashoka 1. Step wells harvest vain ______ water. important part of Indian 2. Community service has always been an _Histesus and culture Se Ashok @Q_, a great ruler, understood the importance of good roads for the progress of trade. 4. Sisandras were built in katnataka . 5. A-saraiisa wege house.C. State whether True or False: 1. Step"wellssare not common in Gujarat and Rajasthan False. 2. People are unaware about the benetits of tree plantation. False 3. Government and its agencies look after community True. service in modern times. 4. Water pollution has become a major concern in all parts of India, “Pat 5. @Water harvesting is a‘modern teéhinique false D. Answer briefly: 1. What is community service? 2. What type of community service can you volunteer for? 3. What is the importance of Van Mahotsava? 4. How do trees clean the atmosphere? 5. Name two qualities for community living. —. Answer the following questions: How did community service play an important role in olden times? Mention the steps that Ashoka took for the development of trade. 3. What do you mean by water harvesting? What are its advantages? List the changes that have improved the travelling in modern times. 5. Mention five benefits of planting trees.me to relax our bodies and ties that give pleasure and ntial after work, We need ti ime activi Fun or recreation is esse! refresh our mind. We follow different leisure t keep us busy. Leisure or Free Time is the time spen' ments relaxation. not new. The evidences from the excavations of that man has enjoyed jarappa tell us ier times man played marbles, ball andy it away from work for entertain Leisure time activities are jowns of Mohan-jo-daro and Hi ancient t tivities. In-ear! different types of leisure ac! ‘dice games for recreation. jodern Leisure Activities—Traditional and Me d in India were dancing, visiting fairs, a “Tiaditional leisure time activities follow swimming, chariot racing and wrestling II followed in modern times except lar leisure time activities today king out in gymnasium, jc. Maftial arts, hunting, Most of these activities are sti ned by law. Many popu! video games, worl ‘painting,and mus popular. hunting, which has been bani g television and cinema, are—watchin| badminton, tennis, polo, etc. Board Games Different types of board games have entertained many generations of Indians. Some board games, like ‘Shatranj and Chauper, have been a part of Indian history aniamythology. They are still played in different parts of our country a with many new board games like Chess,We Aatathe Tiger and Goat _ Karnataka helps to devel gam controls three tigers while the other controls the flock of fifteen goats Alugutimane or Pallangull is played in Tamil Nadu; It improves concentration Boat Races One the skills of mental calculations and _Adu Huli Aata Do You Know? All board games stimulate the mind, teach patience and | are inexpensive and easily availab| Moreover, they are ideal for group” activities. concentration. They ~Alugulimane In olden times man had to be a skillful boatman to cross over water bodies. Hem was also an expert fisherman. He used canoe or rafts and later sail boats. Even today boats are a common mode of transport for people and goods. They are used for fishing as-well as pleasure. In recent times motorised» boats and faster ships have made water transport very popular. River rafting, sailing and water skiing are popular sports today. Traditional canoe and raftModer boat and ship | Do You Know? : Snake Boat Race of Kerala, during _ Onam festival, attracts thousands of visitors from India and abroad. Martial Art “Physical strength and agility (quick movement) were necessary for the ancient d protecting himself from dangef His thrill at man in hunting, clearing forests an ver an opponent was the beginning of Martial Art-as a sport. — the practice of combat (fight) or self-defensesIt needs physical Martial Artis strength, skill and coordination. Different martial art forms have been a part of India’s culture and traditional games. The Indian wrestling—Kusht/ is a traditional form of martialart. Now martial arts of Judo, Karate, Tae Kwon Do and Kung Fu are popular sports — n India andthe world. JudoDo You Know? Following are some popular forms of martial art of India~ | 5 . Pays Thang Ta is the Manipuri martial art. Kalarippayattu, the oldest fighting ‘This martial art uses graceful art, is practiced in Kerala. It includes movement, swords and spears. ‘strikes, kicks and some weapons, Yoga—Asanas and Pranayam Physical and mental stress makes us sick and tired. Yoga helps us to lead a healthy and stress free lifeflt also guides us to adopt right eating habits. Yoga is a part of ancient Indian culture. In recent times it has become,very popular in India and all over the world. Yoga teaches various Asanas (postures) to build energy, tone our muscles» and»keep our body fit. Yoga does not require any expensive equipment or venue. It can be practiced anywhere, at any time of the day. Pranayam regulates breathing and relaxes — our body as well as mind? It also.cures. breath » related problems and stress related disorders like anxiety and depression. Breathing plays an important role in our ‘physical and mental health. When we inhale,the breath helps our body to absorb oxygens The harmful carbon dioxide jg Tfemoved from our body when we exhale. Take a long, deep breath. You wily immediately fee! mentally and physically relaxed. e about your breathing? Run fast for two minutes. What do you notic Blow hot, Blow cold nd blew on his hands. A woodcutter was feeling cold in a deep forest a Mian Balishtiya was curious. He asked the woodcutter the reason for doing so, “I blow on them to make them warm,” explained the woodcutter. A little ato, He started blowing on it also! Mian later, the woodcutter boiled a pot Balishtiya was confused. He said, “The potato is already hot, why do you want to make it hotter?” The woodcutter replied, “I am blowing on it to cool it down!” “Blow hot, blow cold? What is it?” Mian Balishtiya was confused! When you blow a narrow stream of air, it feels cold and when you breathe with wide open mouth, it feels warm. We blow on cold things to make them warm and on hot things to cool them Try it! Theatre Theatre has been an important source of entertainment for people since olden times, when Nautanki and Jatra were populareThey took up themes from mythologysand everyday life to entertain the masses. The dramatisation of Ramleela and Krishanleela attracts thousands of people in both rural and urban areas even today. In modern times theatre (drama) has developed. | ) sii ner art. It creates awareness about the challenges faced by our society/country. It also Theatre imparts education, ideas, values and information in it establishes a direct an effective and creative way. Theatre is very popular as i contact between the actors and the audience.