Pag-isipan at sagutin ang mga sumusunod na katanungan:

1. Ilarawan ang mahigpit na ugnayan ng "nasyonalismo" at "kabayanihan".

Ano ang kahulugan ng nasyonalismo? Ano ang kahulugan ng salitang
bayani/kabayanihan? Basahin:
https://www.manilatimes.net/2018/01/20/opinion/analysis/defining-
surveying-heroism/375390/

2. Magbanggit ng hindi bababa sa tatlong (3) argumentong inilatag ni

Renato Constantino sa kanyang artikulo na nagbibigay dahilan kung bakit
"hindi dapat" itanghal na pambansang bayani ng Pilipinas si Dr. Jose Rizal.
Ibigay ang iyong sariling reaksyon sa bawat argumentong mababanggit.

The article written by Renato Constantino entitled “Veneration

without Understanding” aims to help Filipinos awoke from the “blinded”
thinking that Dr. Jose Rizal, among other Filipino heroes, ultimately
deserves to be the National hero of the Philippines. Constantino supports
this claim by mentioning some important points that provide
enlightenment in relation with historical events and facts.
Constantino mentioned in his article that Rizal cannot and should not
be recognized as the Philippine National hero simply because he did not
come from the masses himself. Rizal grew up during the Spanish
colonization with more opportunities and privileges that other Filipinos. In
fact, he can afford to have good quality education in private universities
such as Ateneo Municipal de Manila and University of Santo Tomas and
travel easily to other countries whenever he wants. This privileges,
according to Constantino, made him distant and uncomprehending to the
cries and struggle of his fellow country men under the Spanish rulers at
that time. This is also the reason why he publicly repudiated the
Revolution and condemned the mass movement along with its leaders
through one of his letters. Constantino stated that Rizal did not fully
understand what the Filipinos are really experiencing at that time and was
unable to perceive that the Philippines really needed was freedom from
the hands of the Spanish invaders.
In my opinion, I agree with Constantino that Rizal’s upbringing truly
had an impact in the way that he sympathize with the Filipino people
during that time. Because of his social status, he wasn’t able to see the
whole picture which led him to believe that it is enough for the Filipinos to
have self recognition as a race, unity and respect from the Spaniards even
if it is under the Spanish rulers which of course is definitely not true.
Furthermore, Rizal having privileges in his life is not his fault, that’s why he
must not be criticized for it. He simply did not have the opportunity to get
to know his country well enough and share with its struggles and
oppression. I also understand the hesitation of Rizal to support the
Revolution simply because he doesn’t think that the nation is ready and in
full capability to defend herself against the ruthless foreigners. I, myself,
don’t fully support violence before either because I don’t want to be
remembered as the one who led people towards their death. But now that
I was able to clearly see what truly happens to our fellow countrymen
especially under the hands of abusive and selfish rulers, I don’t think that I
can just standby and not take risks towards the possibility of change.
Sometimes, all we really need is to take a leap of faith in our self and in
others as well.
Constantino also stated that the preeminence of Rizal among the
other national heroes is because he is an American-sponsored hero. This
relates to him being a part of the Illustrado class, which is composed of
Filipinos who had the opportunity to study abroad. Constantino believes
that the Americans supported the recognition of Rizal to be the National
hero with hidden motives. One of these motives is that when the Filipinos
see that the Americans are not as bad as the Spaniards and is willing to
help in establishing the monument and legacy of Rizal, maybe they will
accept and welcome the American colonization better than they had with
Spain. In addition, Rizal, to the Americans’ benefit, will also become a
symbol of rejection to any resistance that may arise again which will
discourage many if not all of the aspiring revolutionaries at that time.
3. Magbanggit ng hindi bababa sa tatlong (3) argumentong inilatag ni
Armando Malay sa kanyang artikulo na nagbibigay dahilan kung bakit
"karapat-dapat" itanghal na pambansang bayani ng Pilipinas si Dr. Jose
Rizal. Ibigay ang iyong sariling reaksyon sa bawat argumentong
mababanggit.

4. Paano niresolba ng historyador na si Teodoro Agoncillo ang mahigpit na

"suliranin ng pambansang bayani"? Ibuod ang kanyang naging paliwanag
tungkol dito.