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BY :
G VENKATESWARLU
gude.venky@yahoo.com
Ph :+919014598364
 IV CSE,LITAM

Cloud Computing uses the internet and central

remote servers to maintain data and applications.
ABSTRACT : It allows consumers and businesses to use
Computers have become the need of applications without installation and
Modern life today . They are definitely
an indispensable part almost access their personal files at any computer with
everywhere, be it for work, research or internet access. This technology allows for much
in any such field. As the use of more efficient computing by centralizing storage,
computers in our day-to-day life memory, processing and bandwidth.
increases, the computing resources that Cloud computing is a paradigm shift in
we need also go up. For companies like which computing is moved away from personal
Google and Microsoft, harnessing the computers and even the individual enterprise
resources as and when they need it is not application server to a ‘cloud’ of computers.
a problem. But when it comes to smaller A cloud is a virtualized server pool which can
enterprises, affordability becomes a huge provide the different computing resources of
factor. With the huge infrastructure their clients. Users of this system only need to be
come problems like machines failure, concerned with the computing service being
hard drive crashes, software bugs, etc. asked for. The underlying details of how it is
This might be a big headache for such a achieved are hidden from the user.
community. The data and the services provided
Cloud Computing offers a solution reside in massively scalable data centers and can
to this situation. be ubiquitously accessed from any connected
Innovation is necessary to ride the device all over the world.
inevitable tide of change . Cloud Cloud computing is the style of
computing is an emerging paradigm in the computing where massively scaled IT related
computer industry where the computing is capabilities are provided as a service across the
moved to a cloud of computers. It has internet to multiple external customers and are
become one of the buzz words of the
billed by consumption. Many cloud computing
industry.
providers have popped up and there is a copies of software programs on our own
considerable growth in the usage of this computer. The documents we create are stored
service. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, on our own pc. Although documents can be
IBM, Infosys, TCS and Amazon have accessed from other computers on the network,
started providing cloud computing they can’t be accessed by computers outside the
services. Amazon is the pioneer in this network. This is PC-centric.
field now . With cloud computing, the software
Smaller companies like SmugMug, programs one use aren’t run from one’s personal
which is an online photo hosting site, has computer, but are rather stored on servers
used cloud services for the storing all the accessed via the Internet. If a computer crashes,
data and doing some of its services. the software is still available for others to use.
Our paper gives a deep insight Same goes for the documents one create; they’re
into the basics of cloud computing, its stored on a collection of servers accessed via the
benefits and the backdrops associated Internet. Anyone with permission can not only
with it. access the documents, but can also edit and
WHAT IS CLOUD collaborate on those documents in real time.
COMPUTING ???? Unlike traditional computing, this cloud
A definition for cloud computing can be computing model isn’t PC-centric, it’s
given as “An emerging computer document-centric. The core concept of cloud
paradigm where data and services reside computing is, quite simply, that the vast
in massively scalable data centers in the computing resources that we need will reside
cloud and can be accessed from any somewhere out there in the cloud of computers
connected devices over the internet” . and we’ll connect to them and use them as and
“Cloud” is simply a metaphor for the when needed.
internet. Users do not have or need We have lots of compute power and
knowledge, control, ownership in the storage capabilities residing in the distributed
computer infrastructure. Users simply environment of the cloud. What cloud computing
rent or access the software, paying only does is to harness the capabilities of these
for what they use. resources and make available these resources as a
To be more clear, With single entity which can be changed to meet the
traditional desktop computing, we run current needs of the user. The basis of cloud
computing is to create a set of virtual
servers on the available vast resource
pool and give it to the clients. Any web
enabled device can be used to access the
resources through the virtual servers.
Based on the computing needs of the
client, the
infrastructure allotted to the client can be
scaled up or down.
A cloud can:
1. Host a variety of different workloads,
including batch-style back-end jobs and
interactive,user-facing applications
2. Allow workloads to be deployed and
scaled-out quickly through the rapid
provisioning of virtual machines or
physical machines
3. Support redundant, self-recovering,
highly scalable programming models
that allowworkloads to recover from
many unavoidable hardware/software
failures
4.Monitor resource use in real time to
enable rebalancing of allocations when
needed
WHAT IS THE NEED OF ClOUD
COMPUTING????
Cloud computing provides atleast 1000
times more data and CPU power !!!!!
Recent evolutions in information
technology have led to a more distributed
computing environment, while also reviving the
utility of centralized storage. The growth in high-
speed data lines, the falling cost of storage, the
advent of wireless high-speed networks, the
proliferation of handheld devices that can access
the web – together, these factors mean that users
now can store data on a server that likely resides
in a remote data center. Users can then access the
data from their own computer, someone else’s
desktop computer, a laptop that wirelessly
connects to the internet, or a handheld device.
Users face new challenges as they try to
manage their data that might be stored in a
variety of devices. This is where cloud
computing enters the picture, a term often used in
the same context as grid computing or utility
computing. Still, there are distinctions. Whereas
utility computing is seen as a business model,
such as Amazon.com’s “Amazon Web
Service” (AWS) that rents storage space and
access to companies,
cloud computing refers more broadly to a
computing architecture. This architecture links
computers in a grid and allows users to buy
access to data and software stored on the grid or
processing power that is harnessed for specific
purposes by the grid of computers.
Cloud computing is often seen as particularly
useful to large corporations. A company may
have employees in numerous locations resources like machines, power, cooling, etc. The
running specialized software to carry out system also cannot scale as and when needed and
data-intensive tasks. so is not easily reconfigurable.

Accessing data and software might be

practically impossible without a grid of
networked computers. These computing
resources are drawn from someplace
beyond the user’s location, and the fact
that they exist at an ill-defined elsewhere
is the source of the image that they come
from a cloud.

But what is keeping us back???

One of the reasons is the large scale
architecture which comes with these are
difficult to manage. There may be many ARCHITECTURE of CLOUD COMPUTING

different problems with the architecture This gives the basic architecture of a cloud

we have to support. The machines may computing application. We know that cloud

start failing, the hard drives may crash, computing is the shift of computing to a host of

the network may go down and many hardware infrastructure that is distributed in the

other such hardware problems. The cloud. The commodity hardware infrastructure

hardware has to be designed such that consists of the various low cost data servers that

the architecture is reliable and scalable. are connected to the system and provide their

This large scale architecture has a very storage and processing and other computing

expensive upfront and has high resources to the application. Cloud computing

maintenance costs. It requires different involves running applications on virtual servers

that are allocated on this distributed
hardware infrastructure available in the
cloud.
These virtual servers are made in such a
way that the different service level
agreements and reliability issues are met.
The virtual server distributes the
processing between the infrastructure
and the computing is done and the result
returned. There will be a workload
distribution management system, also
known as the grid engine, for managing
the differentrequests coming to the
virtual servers. This engine will take
care of the creation of multiple copies
and also the preservation of integrity of
the data that is stored in the
infrastructure. This will also adjust itself
such that even on heavier load, the
processing is completed as per the
requirements. The different workload
There may be multiple instances of the same
virtual server accessing the different parts of the
hardware infrastructure available.
management systems are hidden from
the users. For the user, the processing is
done and the result is obtained. There is
no question of where it was done and
how it was done. The users are billed
based on the usage of the system - as
said before - the commodity is now
cycles and bytes. The billing is usually
on the basis of usage per CPU per hour
or GBdata transfer per hour.
SERVER ARCHITECTURE :

Cloud computing makes use of a large
physical resource pool in the cloud. As
said above, cloud computing services
and applications make use of virtual
server instances built upon this resource
pool. There are two applications which
help in managing the server instances,
the resources and also the management
of the resources by these virtual server
instances. One of these is the Xen
hypervisor which provides an abstraction
layer between the hardware and the
virtual OS so that the distribution of the
resources and the processing is well
managed.
Another application that
widely used is the Enomalism server
management system which is used for
management of the infrastructure
platform.
When Xen is used for virtualization
of the servers over the infrastructure, a
thin software layer known as the Xen
hypervisor is inserted between the
server's hardware and the operating
system. This provides an abstraction
layer that allows each physical server to
run one or more "virtual servers,"
effectively decoupling the operating
system and its applications from the
underlying physical server. The Xen
hypervisor is a unique open source
technology, developed collaboratively
by the Xen community and engineers at
over 20 of the most innovative data
center solution vendors.
The Enomalism virtualized server
management system is a complete
virtual server infrastructure platform.
Enomalism helps in an effective
management of the resources.
Enomalism can be used to tap into the
cloud just as you would into aremote
server. It brings together all the features
such as deployment planning, load
balancing, resource monitoring, etc.
is
Enomalism is an open source
application. It has a very simple and easy
to use web based user interface. It has a
module architecture which allows for the as a single application, device, or
creation of additional system add-ons document.
and plugins. It supports one click The hardware in the cloud (and the
deployment of distributed or replicated operating system that manages the
applications on a global basis. It hardware connections) is invisible.
supports the management of various It all starts with the front-end interface
virtual environments including seen by individual users. This is how
KVM/Qemu, Amazon EC2 and Xen, users select a task or service (either
OpenVZ, Linux Containers, VirtualBox. starting an application or opening a
It has fine grained user permissions and document). The user’s request then gets
access privileges. passed to the system management, which
finds the correct resources and then calls
HOW CLOUD COMPUTING the system’s appropriate provisioning
WORKS???? services.
Sun Microsystems’s slogan is “The
network is the computer,” and that’s as
good as any to describe how cloud
computing works. In essence, a network
of computers functions as a single
computer to serve data and applications
to users over the Internet. The network
exists in the “cloud” of IP addresses that
we know as the Internet, offers massive
computing power and storage capability,
and enables wide scale group
collaboration.
Individual users connect to the cloud
from their own personal computers or
portable devices, over the Internet. To
these individual users, the cloud is seen
These services carve out the necessary
resources in the cloud, launch the
appropriate web application, and either
creates or opens the requested document.
After the web application is launched,
the system’s monitoring and metering
functions track the usage of the cloud so
that resources are apportioned and
attributed to the proper user(s).
CHANGE PROVIDED by CLOUD
COMPUTING :
UNDERSTANDING CLOUD
STORAGE AND SERVICES :
One of the primary uses of cloud
computing is for data storage. With
cloud storage, data is stored on multiple
third-party servers, rather than on the
dedicated servers used in traditional
networked data storage. When storing
data, the user sees a virtual server—that
is, it appears as if the data is stored in a
particular place with a specific name.
But that place doesn’t exist in reality.
It’s just a pseudonym used to reference
virtual space carved out of the cloud. In
reality, the user’s data could be stored on
any one or more of the computers used
to create the cloud.
Any web-based application or service
offered via cloud computing is called a
cloud service. Cloud services can
include anything from calendar and
contact applications to word processing
and presentations. With a cloud service,
the application itself is hosted in the
cloud. An individual user runs the
application over the Internet, typically
within a web browser.
The browser accesses the cloud
service and an instance of the application
is opened within the browser window.
Once launched, the web-based
application operates and behaves like a
standard desktop application
FLAVOURS OF CLOUD
COMPUTING :
SaaS – Software as a Service
Network-hosted application
DaaS – Data as a Service
Customer queries against provider’s
database
PaaS– Platform as a Service
Network-hosted software development
platform
IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
Provider hosts customer VMs or
provides network storage
IPMaaS – Identity and Policy
Management as a Service
Provider manages identity and/or access
control policy for customer
NaaS – Network as a Service
Provider offers virtualized networks
(e.g. VPNs)
KEY PROPERTIES OF CLOUD
COMPUTING :
Cloud Computing Is User Centric :
Once as a user are connected to
the cloud, whatever is stored there—
documents, messages, images,
applications, whatever—becomes
authorized to the user access them. In
addition, not only is the data, but one can
also share it with others. In effect, any
device that accesses your data in the
cloud also becomes yours.
Cloud Computing Is Accessible:
Because data is stored in the cloud, users
can instantly retrieve more information
from multiple repositories. We are not
limited to a single source of data, as we
do with a desktop PC.
Cloud Computing Is Intelligent:
With all the various data
stored on the computers in a cloud,
data mining and analysis are necessary
to access that information in an
intelligent manner.
Cloud Computing Is Task-Centric:
Instead of focusing on the
application and what it can do, the focus
is on what one need done and how the
application can do it for us. Traditional
applications—word processing,
spreadsheets, email, and so on—are
becoming less important than the
documents they create.
Cloud Computing Is Powerful:
Connecting hundreds or thousands
of computers together in a cloud creates
a wealth of computing power impossible
with a single desktop PC.
Cloud Computing Is Programmable:
 Many of the tasks necessary with
cloud computing must be automated. For
example, to protect the integrity of the
data, information stored on a single
computer in the cloud must be replicated
on other computers in the cloud.
Cloud COMPUTING is scalable :
Cloud computing services are
linearly scalable. The system is able to
break down the workloads into pieces
and service it across the infrastructure.
An exact idea of linear scalability can be
obtained from the fact that if one server
is able to process say 1000 transactions
per second, then two servers can process
2000 transactions per second.
Cloud computing is Flexible :
Another feature of the cloud
computing services is that they are
flexible. They can be used to serve a
large variety of workload types - varying
from small loads of a small consumer
application to very heavy loads of a
commercial application.
.BACK DROPS OF CLOUD
COMPUTING :
10 reasons enterprises aren’t ready to
trust the cloud are :
1) It’s not secure, cannot be logged,
not platform agnostic, unreliablilty
issue, not prortablen environmentally
unsustainable.
2) Cloud computing still has to exist
on physical servers
Cloud computing will be big,
both in and outside of the enterprise, but
being aware of the challenges will help
technology providers think of ways
around the problems, and let cloud
providers know what they’re up against.
CONCLUSION:
Cloud computing provides a super-
computing power .
It is a powerful new abstraction for
large scale data processing systems
which is scalable, reliable and available.
In cloud computing, there are large self-
managed server pools available which
reduces the overhead and eliminates
management headache. Cloud
computing services can also grow and
shrink according to need. This cloud of
computers extends beyond a single
company or enterprise.
The applications and data
served by the cloud are available to
broad group of users, cross-enterprise
and cross-platform. Cloud computing is
particularly valuable to small and
medium businesses, where effective and
affordable IT tools are critical to helping
them become more productive without
spending lots of money on in-house
resources and technical equipment. Also
it is a new emerging architecture needed
to expand the Internet to become the
computing platform of the future.

REFERENCES :
http://ibm.com/datacenter
http://cloudslam09.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_com
puting