BOLT TORQUE REQUIRED FOR SEALING FLANGES

Ref: Procedure No. 2-10 pg. no. 59, Pressure Vessel Design Manual by Dennis Moss, 3rd edition.
DESIGN DATA
Flange size = 30" ID x Class 600 LWNRTJ
Design pressure P = 46.6 kg/cm2
= 46.6 x 9.80665 / 100
= 4.57 N/mm2
Test pressure PT = 60.827 kg/cm2
= 60.827 x 9.80665 / 100
= 5.965 N/mm2
Moment M = 166.594 kN-m
= 166.594 x 1000 x 1000
= 166594000 N-mm
Radial load Pr = 152.2 kN
= 152.2 x 1000
= 152200 N
Friction factor K = 0.3
Design temperature = 295 °C

GASKET DATA

Type Octagonal Ring R-95 (5Cr-1/2 Mo)

Width of ring joint gasket w = 19.05 mm
(As per B 16.20)
Gasket factor m = 6
(As per ASME Sec VIII Div 1 Table 2-5.1)
Gasket unit seating load y = 150 N/mm2
(As per ASME Sec VIII Div 1 Table 2-5.1)
Modulus of elasticity of gasket Eg = 195300 N/mm2
material at temperature
(As per Sec. II Part D Table TM-1)
Thickness of gasket tg = 8.045 mm
Diameter at location of gasket load G = 857.25 mm
reaction (As per B 16.20)

BOLTING DATA
Material = SA-193 B16 (1Cr-1/2Mo-V)
Nominal size = 2" UN8
Quantity n = 28
Root diameter of threads d = 1.8466 in
(As per B 18.2) = 1.8466 x 25.4
= 46.904 mm
Pitch diameter of threads dm = 1.9188 in
(As per B 18.2) = 1.9188 x 25.4
= 48.738 mm
Modulus of elasticity of bolting Eb = 186400 N/mm2
material at temperature
(As per Sec. II Part D Table TM-1)
Cross-sectional area of bolts Ab =  d2 n
4
= ( π x 46.904 ^ 2 x 28 ) / 4
= 48380.202 mm2
Thickness of nut tn = 1.9688 in
(As per B 18.2) = 1.9688 x 25.4
= 50.008 mm

Dimension (refer above figure) x = 285.56 mm

Effective length of bolt, mid nut to lb = x  tn
mid nut = 285.56 + 50.008
= 335.568 mm
Equivalent Pressure Pe = 16  M 4  Pr
 P
 G 3
  G2
= ( 16 x 166594000 ) / ( π x 857.25 ^ 3 ) +
( 4 x 152200 ) / ( π x 857.25 ^ 2 ) + 4.57
= 6.181 N/mm2
Hydrostatic end force H =   G 2  Pe
4
= ( π x 857.25 ^ 2 x 6.181 ) / 4
3567496.97 N
Total joint-contact-surface compression Hp = 2  w    G  m  Pe
load = 2 x 19.05 x π x 857.25 x 6 x 6.181
= 3805330.1 N
Minimum required bold load for gasket Wm2 =   wG  y
seating = 7695619.84 N
Actual joint are contact for gasket Ag = 2  w G
= 2 x π x 19.05 x 857.25
 = 102608.265 mm2

Decreasing compression force in gasket ΔF = H

Ab  Eb  t g
1
Ag  E g  l b
= 3567496.967 / ( 1 + ( 48380.202 x 186400
x 8.045 ) / ( 102608.265 x 195300
x 335.568 ) )
= 3529418.66 N
Initial required tightening force Fbo = H p  F
(tension) = 3805330.098 + 3529418.655
= 7334748.75 N
Total tightening force required to seal W = Max  Fbo,Wm 2 
joint = Max ( 7334748.753 , 7695619.839 )
= 7695619.84 N
= 7695619.839 / 1000
= 7695.62 kN
Required torque T = K W  dm
n
= 4018597.71 N-mm
= 4018597.711 / ( 1000 x 1000 )
= 4.019 kN-m