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APPLICATION NO. FILING DATE FIRST NAMED INVENTOR ATTORNEY DOCKET NO. CONFIRMATION NO.
3992
09/11/2020 PAPER
Please find below and/or attached an Office communication concerning this application or proceeding.
The time period for reply, if any, is set in the attached communication.
Enclosed is a copy of the latest communication from the United States Patent and Trademark
Office in the above identified ex parte reexamination proceeding (37 CFR 1.550(f)).
Where this copy is supplied after the reply by requester, 37 CFR 1.535, or the time for filing a
reply has passed, no submission on behalf of the ex parte reexamination requester will be
acknowledged or considered (37 CFR 1.550(g)).
PTOL-465 (Rev.07-04)
Control No. Patent Under Reexamination
90/014,560 6725456
Order Granting Request For
Ex Parle Reexamination Examiner Art Unit AIA (FITF) Status
Adam L Basehoar 3992 No
--The MAILING DA TE of this communication appears on the cover sheet with the correspondence address--
The request for ex parte reexamination filed 08/06/2020 has been considered and a determination has
been made. An identification of the claims, the references relied upon, and the rationale supporting the
determination are attached.
For Patent Owner's Statement (Optional): TWO MONTHS from the mailing date of this communication
(37 CFR 1.530 (b)). EXTENSIONS OF TIME ARE GOVERNED BY 37 CFR 1.550(c).
For Requester's Reply (optional): TWO MONTHS from the date of service of any timely filed
Patent Owner's Statement (37 CFR 1.535). NO EXTENSION OF THIS TIME PERIOD IS PERMITTED.
If Patent Owner does not file a timely statement under 37 CFR 1.530(b), then no reply by requester
is permitted.
'ADAM L BASEHOAR/
Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3992
United States Patent Number 6,725,456 BI (hereafter the "Bruno '456 patent") is raised by the
2. Since the Requester did not request reexamination of claims 1-12 and 14-23 of the Bruno
'456 patent and did not assert the existence of a substantial new question of patentability (SNQ)
for such claims, such claims will not be reexamined. The Office's determination in both the
order for reexamination and the examination stage of the reexamination ordered will generally be
limited solely to a review of the claim(s) for which reexamination was requested (see: MPEP
2240 & 2243). Additionally, if a Requester fails to set forth the pertinency and manner of
applying the cited art to a claim as required by 37 CFR l.510(b), that claim will generally not be
reexamined. This matter was squarely addressed in Sony Computer Entertainment America Inc.
v. Dudas, 85 USPQ2d 1594 (E.D. Va 2006). The District Court upheld the Office's discretion to
not reexamine claims in an inter partes reexamination proceeding other than those claims for
3. The Examiner notes that the Bruno '456 patent term appears to have expired (see: MPEP
2701) on 11/29/2019 after a full twenty year term from the date on which the application for the
patent was filed (i.e., application no. 09/450,035, filed on 11/29/1999). Once a patent has
expired, no amendment may be proposed for entry in an expired patent other than the
cancellation of claims which will be incorporated into the patent by a certificate issued after the
expiration of the patent (see: MPEP 2250(111) and 37 C.F.R. l.530(j)). Additionally, in a
Application/Control Number: 90/014,560 Page 3
Art Unit: 3992
reexamination proceeding involving claims of an expired patent, claim construction pursuant to
the principle set forth by the court in Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303, 1316, 75 USPQ2d
1321, 1329 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (words of a claim "are generally given their ordinary and customary
meaning" as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art in question at the time of the
invention) should be applied since the expired claims are not subject to amendment. See Ex parte
Papst-Motoren, I USPQ2d 1655 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1986). Therefore, the Examiner now
grants the claims their "ordinary and customary meaning" pursuant to Phillips v. A WH Corp.
4. Regarding Information Disclosure Statement (IDS) submissions, MPEP 2256 recites the
following: "Where patents, publications, and other such items of information are submitted by a
party (patent owner or requester) in compliance with the requirements of the rules, the requisite
degree of consideration to be given to such information will be normally limited by the degree to
which the party filing the information citation has explained the content and relevance of the
information. The initials of the examiner placed adjacent to the citations on the form
PTO/SB/08A and 08B or its equivalent, without an indication to the contrary in the record, do
not signify that the information has been considered by the examiner any further than to the
Accordingly, the IDS submission filed by Third Party Requester (3PR) on 08/06/2020
has been considered by the Examiner only with the scope required by MPEP 2256, unless
otherwise noted.
Application/Control Number: 90/014,560 Page 4
Art Unit: 3992
5. The Examiner recognizes that declarations by Dr. Philip Greenspun (see: Exhibit C) and
Dr. Sylvia D. Hall-Ellis (see: Exhibit 0) have been referenced in support of Third Party
Requester. The declarations have been considered and made of record. The Examiner further
notes that affidavits or declarations or other written evidence which explain the contents or
pertinent dates of prior art patents or printed publications in more detail may be considered in
reexamination (see: MPEP 2258(1)(E)), but any rejection must be based upon the prior art
evidence. The rejection in such circumstances cannot be based on the affidavits or declarations
or other written evidence as such, but must be based on the prior art patents or printed
publications. In the instant case, the submitted Greenspun declaration explains the contents of
the prior art patents and printed publications (e.g., the Bruno Paper and the Shimamura patent) in
more detail and the submitted Hall-Ellis declaration explains the pertinent dates of the Bruno
6. A total of four references in specific combinations have been asserted in the Request as
providing teachings relevant to independent claim 13 of the Bruno '456 patent. The proposed
Bruno Paper - (Bruno et al., Proceedings of the USENIX 1998 Annual Technical
Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 15-19, 1998, pp. 235-246, "The Eclipse Operating
Australia, September 25-27, 1991, pp. 53-65, "Share and Enjoy SHARE II - A
Hogan - (David Hogan, The University of Sydney, Technical Report Number 506, ISBN 1
7. Of the four references in the current filed Request, the (1) Bruno Paper was
cited/considered and actively applied in a plurality of rejections against original claims 1-9, 11,
14, and 21-27 during the original prosecution history of the Bruno '456 patent. The (2)
Shimamura, Bettison, and Hogan references were neither previously cited/considered nor
applied to any of the claims during the original prosecution history of the Bruno '456 patent.
In addition, it is noted that although Applicant's Admitted Prior Art (AAPA) may be
utilized in a proposed rejection, it will not be discussed herein as a separate prior art patent or
printed publication for SNQ determination purposes. Similar to the Bruno Paper noted above,
the Examiner notes that AAPA was considered and actively applied in a plurality ofrejections
against original claims 1-9, 11, 14, and 21-27 during the original prosecution history of the
8. The four references cited above are discussed in the Request regarding independent claim
13 of the Bruno '456 patent. Pages 7-20 of the Request discuss and detail out proposed
references.
Application/Control Number: 90/014,560 Page 6
Art Unit: 3992
Prosecution History
9. The Bruno '456 patent was originally assigned serial number 09/450,035 and was filed
A Non-Final Action was initially mailed on 03/24/2003. Claims 1-9, 11, 14, and 21-27
were rejected and claims 10 (now independent claim 13 of the Bruno '456 patent), 12, 13, 15-20
were indicated as allowable and objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim.
Claims 1-5, 7, and 24-27 were rejected as anticipated by the Bruno Paper, claims 8-9, 11, and 14
were rejected as unpatentable by the Bruno Paper in view of Bennett et al., claims 21 and 22
were rejected as unpatentable by the Bruno Paper in view of Saleh et al., and claims 6 and 23
In response to the Non-Final Action, Applicant at least rewrote dependent claim 10 (now
independent claim 13 of the Bruno '456 patent) in independent form to include the features of
independent base claim 1 and intervening dependent claims 2 and 8. Applicant also argued that
the proportional share scheduler of the Bruno Paper thus "fails to provide an operating system
service guarantees ... that correspond to one or more object references used in the request" and
that the Bruno Paper does not teach or suggest that "the application programming interface
1-9, 11, 14, and 21-27 were rejected, claims 12 and 13 were indicated as allowable and objected
to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, and claims 10 and 15-20 were allowed.
Claims 1-5, 7, and 24-27 were rejected as unpatentable by the Bruno Paper in view of AAPA,
Application/Control Number: 90/014,560 Page 7
Art Unit: 3992
claims 8-9, 11, and 14 were rejected as unpatentable by the Bruno Paper in view of AAPA and
Bennett et al., claims 21 and 22 were rejected as unpatentable by the Bruno Paper in view of
AAPA and Saleh et al., and claims 6 and 23 were rejected as unpatentable by the Bruno Paper in
independent form, canceled claims 1, 2, 8, and 11, and amended independent claims 24-27 to
incorporate the limitations previously associated with dependent claim 12. Applicant also noted
that AAP A "actually describes disadvantages of conventional proportional share schedulers" and
argued that the Bruno Paper fails to teach or suggest that "a resource reservation application
programming interface defines a manner in which a parent process running on the operating
system is permitted to limit resource reservations used by one or more of its children processes."
on 12/24/2003. The Notice of Allowability indicating that claims 3-7, 9, 10, and 12-27
(renumbered 1-23) were allowed. The Notice of Allowability did not include a specific
examiner's statement of reasons for allowance. While no specific reasons for allowance was
given by the examiner, the prosecution history indicates at least the following limitations to have
(1) Limitations directed toward "wherein associated with each resource reservation r is a
minimum amount of resources that r receives from its parent p, such that the minimum amount
of resources associated with p is at least equal to the sum of the minimum amount of resources
associated with each of p's children" (i.e., the allowable subject matter of dependent claim 10
10. For "a substantial new question of patentability" to be present, it is only necessary that:
(A) the prior art patents and/or printed publications raise a substantial question of patentability
regarding at least one claim, i.e., the teaching of the (prior art) patents and printed publications is
such that a reasonable examiner would consider the teaching to be important in deciding whether
or not the claim is patentable; and (B) the same question of patentability as to the claim has not
been decided by the Office in an earlier concluded examination or review of the patent, raised to
decided in a final holding of invalidity ( after all appeals) by a federal court in a decision on the
reexamination request. It is not necessary that a "prima facie" case of unpatentability exist as to
the claim in order for "a substantial new question of patentability" to be present as to the claim.
Thus, "a substantial new question of patentability" as to a patent claim could be present even if
the examiner would not necessarily reject the claim as either fully anticipated by, or obvious in
view of, the prior art patents or printed publications (see: MPEP 2242(1)).
art does not necessarily preclude the existence of a substantial new question of patentability that
is based exclusively on that old art. See Public Law 107-273, 116 Stat. 1758, 1899-1906 (2002),
which expanded the scope of what qualifies for a substantial new question of patentability upon
patentability exists in such an instance shall be based upon a fact-specific inquiry done on a case-
by-case basis. For example, a substantial new question of patentability may be based solely on
Application/Control Number: 90/014,560 Page 9
Art Unit: 3992
old art where the old art is being presented/viewed in a new light, or in a different way, as
compared with its use in the earlier examination(s), in view of a material new argument or
interpretation presented in the request. Such material new argument or interpretation may be
based solely on claim scope of the patent being reexamined (see: MPEP 2242(Il)(A)).
11. For purposes of determination, independent claim 13 is used as the representative claim
for the proposed rejections in the Request. The italicized/balded sections of independent claim
13 below are utilized by the Examiner to show how specific teachings of the proposed references
create a substantial new question of patentability in light of the prosecution history as discussed
above.
Claim 13:
providing a particular quality of service to a request in accordance with the one or more
quality of service guarantees that correspond to one or more object references used in the
request;
wherein the quality of service guarantees comprise resource reservations, each specifying
a portion of a resource set aside for exclusive use by one or more processes;
Application/Control Number: 90/014,560 Page 10
Art Unit: 3992
wherein the resource reservations are organized hierarchically such that each resource
reservation r may have at most one parent and one or more siblings and children, and associated
with r is a weight that specifies how r shares the resources of r's parent with r's siblings; and
that r receives from its parent p, such that the minimum amount of resources associated with p
is at least equal to the sum of the minimum amount of resources associated with each ofp's
children.
12. All of the proposed references raise a substantial new question as noted below.
The Bruno Paper generally describes a new operating system abstraction called
reservation domains, which are intended to provide predictable Quality of Service (QoS) support
for applications by controlling resource provisioning (see: Bruno Paper, p. 235). The Bruno
Paper further teaches that a reservation domain is a collection of processes and corresponding
resource reservations whereby the processes that belong to a particular reservation domain are
guaranteed to receive at least their reserved portions of the domain's associated resources (see:
Bruno Paper, p. 236). The Bruno Paper also teaches that each process belongs to a single
reservation domain and that a new process usually inherits the reservation domain of its parent
whereby resource reservations are accomplished by writing strings to appropriate control files
and that existing operating systems were also implemented with a conventional API (see: AAPA,
via a hierarchical resource management method for hierarchically managing resources by a time-
sharing-oriented operating system ( see: Shimamura, column 1, lines 6-14). More specifically,
Shimamura teaches how newly generated child processes secure a minimum amount of
requested resources from their parent processes within a hierarchical resource management tree
(see: Shimamura, column 6, line 44-column 7, line 35; Figs. 1, 3, and 4).
The Bruno Paper is cited in the Request as a reference used in combination with AAPA
and the Shimamura reference to read on independent claim 13 (see: Request, pp. 7-17 and 20-
22). As shown in the Request and noted above, the Shimamura reference appears to disclose
for independent claim 13, "wherein associated with each resource reservation r is a minimum
amount of resources that r receives from its parent p, such that the minimum amount of
resources associated with pis at least equal to the sum of the minimum amount of resources
associated with each ofp's children" (see: Shimamura, column 8, line 49-column 11, line 47;
As noted above, the Bruno Paper and AAPA were previously cited/considered and
actively applied in a plurality of rejections during the original prosecution history of the Bruno
'456 patent. In the instant case, while the Bruno Paper and AAPA are considered "old art," the
Bruno Paper and AAPA are being presented/viewed in a new light/different way as compared
with their use in the earlier examination. For example, the Bruno Paper and AAPA are now
being viewed in a new light/different way, as compared with their use in the earlier examination,
Application/Control Number: 90/014,560 Page 12
Art Unit: 3992
because the Bruno Paper and AAPA are now being viewed in combination with the newly cited
Shimamura reference.
It is agreed that the consideration of the combination of the Bruno Paper in view of
AAPA and Shimamura raises a SNO as to representative independent claim 13 of the Bruno
'456 patent as pointed out above. There is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable examiner
would consider these teachings important in deciding whether or not the claim is patentable.
Accordingly, the combination of the Bruno Paper in view of AAPA and Shimamura
raises a substantial new question of independent claim 13, which question has not been decided
in a previous examination of the Bruno '456 patent nor was there a final holding of invalidity of
said claim by the Federal Courts regarding the Bruno '456 patent.
The Bettison reference generally describes SHARE II, a user administration and resource
control system for UNIX (see: Bettison, p. 53). Bettison further teaches that SHARE II is
controlled through a single new multi-function system call and that users in SHARE II occupy
the nodes of a hierarchical tree structure (see: Bettison, p. 58). Bettison also teaches providing a
quality of service to nodes of the hierarchical tree structure using a fair share scheduler, whereby
users can expect to receive at least their entitlement of CPU service regardless of the behavior of
The Hogan reference generally teaches a new queueing algorithm for networks called
Hierarchical Fair Queueing (HFQ) wherein HFQ provides a guaranteed share of bandwidth to
each class (see: Hogan, p. 1). More specifically, Hogan teaches Hierarchical Processor Sharing
(HPS) which provides a minimum guaranteed resource (e.g., bandwidth) allocation to child
Application/Control Number: 90/014,560 Page 13
Art Unit: 3992
nodes from parent nodes in a hierarchical tree structure, wherein the amount of guaranteed
resource associated with the parent nodes is at least the totality of the minimum guaranteed
resource allocation amount associated with each of parent nodes' children (see: Hogan, pp. 6-7;
Figs. 1-3).
The Bettison reference is cited in the Request as a reference used in combination with the
Hogan reference to read on independent claim 13 (see: Request, pp. 17-20 and 22-24). As
shown in the Request and noted above, the Hogan reference appears to disclose for independent
claim 13, "wherein associated with each resource reservation r is a minimum amount of
resources that r receives from its parent p, such that the minimum amount of resources
associated with pis at least equal to the sum of the minimum amount of resources associated
with each ofp's children" (see: Hogan, pp. 6-7; Figs. 1-3).
As noted above, the Bettison and Hogan references were neither previously
cited/considered nor applied to any of the claims during the original prosecution history of the
It is agreed that the consideration of the combination of the Bettison in view of Hogan
raises a SNO as to representative independent claim 13 of the Bruno '456 patent as pointed out
above. There is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable examiner would consider these
Accordingly, the combination of the Bettison in view of Hogan raises a substantial new
question of independent claim 13, which question has not been decided in a previous
examination of the Bruno '456 patent nor was there a final holding of invalidity of said claim by
13. Claim 13 will be reexamined as requested in the Request. Claims 1-12 and 14-23 are
14. Extensions of time under 37 CFR l.136(a) will not be permitted in these proceedings
because the provisions of 37 CFR 1.136 apply only to "an applicant" and not to parties in a
"will be conducted with special dispatch" (37 CFR l.550(a)). Extension of time in ex parte
The Patent Owner is reminded of the continuing responsibility under 37 CFR 1.565( a) to
apprise the Office of any litigation activity, or other prior or concurrent proceeding, involving
Patent No. 6,725,456 throughout the course of this reexamination proceeding. The Third Party
Requester is also reminded of the ability to similarly apprise the Office of any such activity or
proceeding throughout the course of this reexamination proceeding. See MPEP § § 2207, 2282
and 2286.
15. All correspondence relating to this ex parte reexamination proceeding should be directed
as follows:
By FAX to:
(571) 273-9900
Central Reexamination Unit
By hand to:
Application/Control Number: 90/014,560 Page 16
Art Unit: 3992
By EFS-Web:
Registered users of EFS-Web may alternatively submit such correspondence via the
electronic filing system EFS-Web, at
https://efs.uspto.Qov/efik/rnvportal/efs-registercd
EFS-Web offers the benefit of quick submission to the particular area of the Office that
needs to act on the correspondence. Also, EFS-Web submissions are "soft scanned" (i.e.,
electronically uploaded) directly into the official file for the reexamination proceeding, which
offers parties the opportunity to review the content of their submissions after the "soft scanning"
process is complete.
/ Adam L Basehoar/
Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3992
Conferees:
/JOSHUA D CAMPBELL/
Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3992
/ ALEXANDER J KOSOWSKI/
Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3992
Reexamination Application/Control No. Applicant(s)/Patent Under Reexamination
90/014,560 6725456
Certificate Date Certificate Number
1: 19-cv-00659 (Open)
1: 19-cv-00660 (Open)
1: 19-cv-00964 (Open)
1: 19-cv-03707 (Open)
1: 19-cv-03709 (Open)
I CPC - Searched•
Symbol I Date I Examiner
US Classification - Searched*
Class Subclass Date Examiner
* See search history printout included with this form or the SEARCH NOTES box below to determine the scope of
the search.
Search Notes
Search Notes Date Examiner
Reviewed Patented File's Prosecution History 08/27/2020 ALB
Reviewed Third Party Requester's Request For Ex Parte ALB
08/27/2020
Reexamination
Interference Search
US Class/CPC
US Subclass/CPC Group Date Examiner
Symbol
U. S.PATENTS
Examiner's Cite No. Document Issue Date Name of Patentee or Applicant of Cited Document
Initials Number MM-DD-YYYY
Ex.E 5682530 10-28-1997 Shimamura
Ex.D Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, June
15-19, 1998, pp. 235-46, "The Eclipse Operating System: Providing Quality of Service via
Reservation Domains," bv BRUNO et al. (The "Bruno Paper").
Ex.G A UUG Conference Proceedings, Darling Harbour, Sydney, Australia, September 25-27,
1991, pp. 53-65, "Share and Enjoy SHAREii -A User Administration and Resource
Control System for Unix," by BETTISON et al. ("Bettison").
Ex.H The University of Sydney, Technical Report Number 506, ISBN 1 86451 024 2, pp. 1-24,
"Hierarchical Fair Queuing," by DAVID HOGAN. ("Hogan").
Examiner Date
/ADAM L BASEHOAR/ 08/27/2020
Si nature Considered
EXAMINER: Initial if reference considered, whether or not citation is in conformance with MPEP 609. Draw line through citation
if not in conformance and not considered. Include a copy of this form with next communication to applicant.