1
SET 1 PAPER 2 SECTION A
CHAPTER 2: FORCE & MOTION
BAB 2: DAYA & GERAKAN
1. SPM 2011
(a) Alternate current / arus ulangalik
(b) (i) PQ / QR / RS / ST
(ii) ST > PQ
(iii) acceleration / pecutan
2. SPM 2016
(a) Q
(b) distance and speed of an object / jarak laju
objek
(c) (i) constant velocity / zero acceleration /
halaju seragam / pecutan sifar
(ii) The distance between two successive
dots are the sama / Jarak antara dua titik
berturutan adalah sama
3. SPM 2015
(a) scalar quantity / kuantiti skalar
(b) (i) (200 – 100) = 10 ms-1
24 - 14
  (ii) speed AB > OA
(c) (i) tight attire / pakaian ketat
Reduce air resistance / kurang rintangan
udara
(ii) spikes shoes / kasut spike
More grip / lebih cengkaman
(iii) starting block
Increases momentum / force // tambah
daya / momentum
4. SPM 2004
(a) Principle of conservation of momentum /
prinsip keabadian momentum
(b) Forward momentum of the man equal the
backward momentum of the boat / momentum
lelaki ke depan sama dengan momentum bot
ke belakang.
(c) 0 = momboat + momman
m1v1 = - m2v2
50(2) = - 20v2
v2 = - 100/20 = - 5 m/s
(d) roket / satelit
5. SPM 2012
(a) mass x velocity // jisim x halaju
(b) (i) 2.5
(ii) 2.1 + 0.4 = 2.5
(c) equal / sama
(d) (i) Total momentum before collision equal to
the total momentum after collision //
jumlah momentum sebelum perlanggaran
sama dengan jumlah momentum selepas
perlanggaran
(ii) Principle of conservation of momentum /
Prinsip keabadian momentum
(iii) no external force acting on the system /
tiada daya luar bertindak ke atas system
(e) inelastic collision // perlanggaran tak kenyal
6. SPM 2015
(a) Resultant force is zero
Daya paduan adalah sifar
(b) (i) 0
(ii) 5000 N
(c) F = ma
a = 9000 – 5000
1000
a = 4 ms-2
7. SPM 2016
(a) Frictional force / weight // daya geseran / berat
(b) (i) force: 5.1 > 5.2
(ii) time: 5.1 < 5.2
(iii) acceleration: 5.1 > 5.2
(iv) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(c) Newton’s second law of motion // Hukum
gerakan Newton kedua
(d) (i) increases / bertambah
(ii) Reduce air resistance / rintangan udara
berkurang.
8. SPM 2009
(a) impulsive force // daya impuls
(b) Hard surface / high impulsive force / time of
impact is short // Permukaan keras / daya
impuls tinggi / masa hentaman pendek
(c) momentum = 0.05 x 5 = 0.25 kg ms-1
(d) Replace wooden block with a spongy material
/ mattress or wrap the egg with soft material
Gantikan kayu dengan bahan berspan / tilam /
balut telur dengan bahan lembut
9. SPM 2003
(a) Kedudukan kedua bola sama. Jarak antara
bola bertambah. // The position of both balls
are the same. The distance between the ball
increases.
(b) gravitational force // daya tarikan graviti
(c) (i) gravitational acceleration / pecutan graviti
(ii) 10 ms-2
(iii) mass does not effect the acceleration //
jisim tidak mempengaruhi pecutan
(c) (i) velocity decreases / halaju berkurang
(ii) moves against gravitational force //
bergerak menentang daya tarikan graviti.
10. SPM 2004
(a) gravitational force / weight // daya tarikan
graviti / berat
(b) surface area: feather > water droplet
Luas permukaan: bulu ayam > titisan air
(c) *Mulanya, kedua-dua mempunyai pecutan sama
// Initially, both have the same acceleration
*Halaju akhir malar // Final velocity constant
*Halaju akhir bagi titisan air > bulu burung
Final velocity for the water droplet > the feather
(d) The larger the surface area, the smaller the
final velocity // Semakin besar luas
permukaan, semakin kecil halaju akhir.

(d) velocity-time graph // graf halaju-masa
11. SPM 1993
(a) Parallelogram:
Resultant force / daya paduan = 5 N
(b) F = ma
a = F/m = 5/2 = 2.5 ms-2
(c) - 5 N
12. SPM 2008
(a) (i) magnitudes: equal / sama
Directions: opposite direction / arah
bertentangan
(ii) 0
(iii) Equilibrium of forces // keseimbangan
daya
(b) (i) acceleration // pecutan
(ii) F = ma, there is a resultant force //
terdapat daya paduan.
13. SPM 1996
(a) 650 = 300 + P
P = 650 – 300 = 350 N
(b) The bicycle moves with constant velocity, so
the resultant force = 0 // Basikal bergerak
dengan halaju seragam, oleh itu daya paduan
=0
(c) Acceleration / Pecutan
(d) Inertia of the lady // Inersia perempuan itu
(e) Short time of impact, high impulsive force //
Masa impak pendek, daya impuls tinggi
14. SPM 2005
(a) 500 N
(b) at rest // pegun
Bergerak ke atas dengan halaju seragam
Bergerak ke bawah dengan halaju seragam
moving up with uniform velocity
Moving down with uniform velocity
(c) F = R – mg
(d) Daya paduan ke atas, F = ma & R = mg + ma
2
the resultant force acts upwards, F = ma
normal reaction force = weight + resultant
force, R = mg + ma
(e) (i) Decreases // Berkurang
(ii) mg – R = ma
R = mg - ma
15. SPM 2006
(a) Resultant force = 0 // Daya paduan = 0
(b) W = 20 N
(c) Triangle of force
(d) (i) T1 = 5.8 cm = 11.6 N
T2 = 7.10 cm = 14.20 N
(ii) Diagram 6.1. The tension in the string is
lower.//Tegangan tali lebih kecil.
(e) v = u + gt = 0 + (10)(0.6) = 6 m/s
16. SPM 2018
(a) Gravitational potential energy // tenaga
keupayaan graviti
(b) E = mgh = 50 x 10 x 0.4 = 200 J
(c) (i) Larger pressure // tekanan besar
Larger force / shorter collision time
Daya besar / masa perlanggaran pendek
(ii) High elasticity // Kekenyalan tinggi
Larger elastic potential energy / Tenaga
keupayaan kenyal tinggi
(iii) Follow through // ikut lajak
Greater impulse / greater energy
Impuls tinggi / tenaga besar
(d) Smaller impulsive force, longer time
Daya impuls kecil / masa panjang

CHAPTER 3: FORCE & PRESSURE
BAB 3: DAYA DAN TEKANANAN
1. SPM 2003
(d) (i) force per unit area // daya per unit luas
(ii) P = . 500 . = 2.5 x 105 Pa
2 x 10-3
(iii) Tambahkan luas tayar / tambah bilangan
tayar. Tekanan berkadar songsang
dengan luas // Increases the area /
increase number of tyres. Pressure is
inversely proportional to area
2. SPM 2007
(a) P = 1000 X 10 X 3 = 30 000 Pa
(b) 1- Pressure at Q is higher // PQ > PP
2- Depth at Q is higher
3. SPM 2018
(a) (i) Q > P
(ii) Q > P
(iii) Q > P
(b) (i) directly proportional // berkadar terus
(ii) directly proportional // berkadar terus
(c) decreases / berkurang
Depth decreases / pressure decreases
kedalaman berkurang / Tekanan berkurang
4. SPM 2014
(a) (i) Barometer
(ii) Higher density // opaque // non stick
Ketumpatan tinggi / legap / tidak melekat
pada kaca
(b) (i) 76 cm Hg
(ii) P = ƿgh
= 13600 x 10 x 0.76 = 1.034 x 105 Pa
5. SPM 2008
(a) (i) Pascal’s Principle // Prinsip Pascal
(ii) P = Q
(b) (i) 50/0.04 = 1250 Pa
(ii) F = PA = 1250 x 0.8 = 1 000 N
(c) (i) *Push the handle down. Valve A closes
valve B opens. // Tolak pemegang ke
bawah. Injap A buka injap B tutup
*This will transmit pressure and allow oil
move to the large piston. // Tekanan
dipindahkan dan minyak pindah ke piston
besar.
(ii) *Increases the area of large piston // This
will increase the output force
*Tambah luas piston besar// Daya output
besar
(iii) Open the release valve // Buka injap
pelepas
3
6. SPM 2013
(a) Buoyant force / Weight / daya apungan / Berat
(b) Buoyant force = Weight of the log
Daya apungan = berat kayu balak
(c) Buoyant force = Weight
ƿVg = mg
1000 x V x 10 = 1200 x 10
V = 12000/10000 = 1.2 m3
(d) Decreases // berkurang
7. SPM 2009
(a) Gravitational force acts on an object
Daya tarikan gravity yang bertindak ke atas
objek
(b) (i) 2 N
(ii) Buoyant force // daya apungan
(c) (i) 2 N
(ii) Weight of water displaced // berat air
yang disesarkan
(d) (i) Weight of water displaced = buoyant
force // berat air yang disesarkan = daya
apungan
(ii) Archimedes’ principle // Prinsip Archimedes
(e) Unchanged // tidak berubah
8. SPM 2003
(a) Figure (a) > figure (b)
(b) Daya apungan, tegangan tali, berat // Buoyant
force, tension, weight
(c) Daya apungan + teganan = Berat.
Keseimbangan daya
Buoyant force + tension = Weight
Equilibrium of forces
(d) Archimedes’ principle // Prinsip Archimedes
(e) (i) Decreases / berkurang
(ii) Daya apungan bertambah kerana air garam
lebih tumpat // Buoyant force increases
because salt solution is denser.
9. SPM 2019
(a) Archimedes principle / equilibrium of forces
Prinsip Archimedes / keseimbangan daya
(b) (i) M1: (1.5 x 107) (10) / F = W = mg // F = ρVg
M2: 1.5 x 108 N
(ii) F = ρVg = (1.5 x 108) = (1.03 x 103)(V)(10)
1.5 x 107
1.03 x 103
V = 1.456 X 104 m3
(c) Weight > Bouyant Force // Berat > daya Apungan
10. SPM 2005
(a) (b) di tolak ke atas // (b) is pushed upward
(b) Force upward // daya ke atas
(c) Udara bergerak laju di atas, tekanan rendah
Air flows at high speed above, so the
pressure is lower
Daya bertindak dari Kawasan tekanan tinggi
ke tekanan rendah / perbezaaan tekanan

hasilkan daya // Forces acts from higher
pressure to lower pressure area / difference
in pressure produces force.
(d) (i) higher / lebih tinggi
(ii) higher force // daya lebih tinggi
(e) Bernoulli’s principle // Prinsip Bernoulli
(f) Bunsen Burner // Penunu Bunsen
11. SPM 2017
(a) Bernoulli’s principle // Prinsip Bernoulli
(b) (i) 1500 – 500 = 1000 Pa
(ii) F = PA = (1000)(0.25) = 250 N
(c) Prevent lift / stay on ground/ stabil / elak
terangkat ke atas
12. SPM 2006
(a) distance/time // jarak/masa
(b) (i) If no air movement, the paper and the
canopy will not lift up/ Jika tiada pergerakan
udara, kertas dan kanopi tidak terangkat
Paper and canopy lift up when the air
moves. // Jika ada Gerakan udara, kertas
dan kanopi terangkat ke atas
(ii) Pressure above < pressure below
Tekanan di atas < tekanan di bawah
(iii) High speed air, low pressure region
laju tinggi, Kawasan tekanan rendah
(c) Bernoulli’s Principle // Prinsip Bernoulli
(d) (i) P > Q
(ii)
CHAPTER 4: HEAT
BAB 4: HABA
1. SPM 2013
(a) (i) mercury / alcohol
(ii) expand uniformly / does not stick to glass
/ opaque / high boiling point
Mengembang dengan seragam / tidak
melekat pada kaca / legap / takat didih
tinggi
(b) (i) stop expanding // berhenti mengembang
(ii) Thermal equilibrium // Keseimbangan terma
2. SPM 2016
(a) base quantity // kuantiti asas
(b) (i) 20 – 6 = 14 cm
(ii) 16 – 6 x 100° = 71.43°C
20 – 6
(iii) decreases / berkurang
(c) (i) 30- 40 / small / low // kecil / rendah
4
(ii) Normal temperature of human suhu
normal manusia
(iii) Small // kecil
(iv) More sensitive / detect small change//
lebih sensitive / kesan perubahan suhu
yang kecil
(v) 0.1 °C
(vi) More accurate// lebih tepat
(vii) Q
3. SPM 2003
(a) (i) 100
(ii) Muatan haba tentu P lebih besar
Specific heat capacity of P is larger
(b) (i) Q = mcϴ
8 400 = 0.25 x 4200 x ϴ
ϴ = 8 ⁰C
(ii) Tiada haba hilang ke persekitaran
No heat lost to the surrounding
4. SPM 2018
(a) Heat needed to change the temperature of 1
kg of a material by 1 ⁰C // Haba yang
diperlukan untuk menukarkan suhu 1 kg
bahan sebanyak 1 ⁰C
(b) (0.05)(4200)(90 – T) = (0.3)(4200)(T – 30)
18,900 – 210T = 1,260T – 37,800
1470T = 56,700
T = 38.57⁰C
(c) (i) Decreases // berkurang
Heat lost to surrounding // haba hilang ke
persekitaran
(ii) Wrap the bottle with insulator // Balut
botol dengan penebat
Reduce heat lost to the surrounding //
kurangkan haba hilang ke persekitaran
5. SPM 2010
(a) (i) Copper / lower specific heat capacity.
Kuprum / muatan haba tentu rendah
Heat up faster / good conductor
Cepat panas / konduktor baik
(ii) Polymer / high specific heat capacity
Polimer / muatan haba tentu besar
Heat up slower / good insulator
Lambat panas / penebat baik
(iii) Lower mass // Jisim kecil
Lighter Easy to lift and carry.
Ringan / senang diangkat dan dibawa
(b) (i) Pt = mcθ
t = [3.5 x 900 x 90]/ 800
= 354.4 sec
(ii) Pt = mcθ
t = [2.5 x 390 x 90]/ 800 = 109.7 sec
(c) Copper pot / periuk kuprum

6. SPM 2012
(a) (i) Dark surface // permukaan gelap
Absorb heat easily / serap haba dengan
mudah
(ii) Low specific heat capacity // muatan haba
tentu rendah
Easy to get hot / hot faster // Cepat panas
(b) Model B
Dark surface and low specific heat capacity
Permukaan gelap dan muatan haba tentu
rendah
(c) (i) Q = Pt = 16 x 25 x 60 = 24 000 J
(ii) Pt = mcθ =
24 000 = 0.5 x 4200 x θ
θ = 11.43 ⁰C
7. SPM 2007
(a) Latent heat // haba pendam
(b) Overcome the bonds between molecules //
mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul-
molekul
(c) 1- 1.0 x 4 200 x 100
2- 420 000 J
(d) Graph
8. SPM 2015
(a) Haba yang diperlukan untuk menukarkan 1 kg
pepejal kepada cecair tanpa perubahan suhu.
The amount of heat required to melt 1 kg of
solid without any change of temperature
(b) 1st : tenaga digunakan untuk mengatasi daya
ikatan antara molekul. // Energy is used
to overcome the binding force between
molecules
2nd : tenaga kinetic tidak berubah // The
kinetic energy does not change
(c) (i) E = Pt = 600 x 60 = 36000 J
(ii) Pt = mL
m = 36000/3.3 x 105 = 1.09 x 10-1 kg
9. SPM 2019
(a) Melting / Fusion // Melebur / pelakuran
(b) Energy is used to weaken the bond between
molecules / Energy is not used to increase
the kinetic energy of the particles //
Tenaga digunakan untuk melemahkan ikatan
antara molekul-molekul /
(c) Q = mcθ
3360 = (3.36 x 105)(0)
m = 0.01 kg = 10 g
(d) (i) Longer time of melting / heats up slowy/
Melambatkan masa peleburan/Lambat panas
5
(ii) Polistyrene / heat insulator / poor heat
conductor / penebat haba
heat insulator / heat absorb reduces/
penebat haba / kurang serap haba
(iii) Double layer /vacuum layer / shiny
surface berlapis / lapisan vakum / berkilat
Longer time of melting / reflect heat/
heat not easily absorbed / lambat
masa melebur / pantul haba
10. SPM 2017
(a) Temperature is the degree of hotness // Suhu
adalah darjah kepanasan
(b) (i) Decreases // berkurang
(ii) Absolute zero // sifar mutlak
(c) Stationary // pegun
11. SPM 2009
(a) Pressure decreases as depth decreases /
volume increases as pressure decreases /
tekanan berkurang bila kedalaman berkurang,
isipadu bertambah bila tekanan berkurang
(b) Boyle’s Law / Hukum Boyle
(c) Decreases / Berkurang
(d) P1 = 10 + 0.5 = 10.5 m water P2 = 10 m water
P1 V1 = P 2 V2
(10.5)(5) = (10)V
V = 5.25 cm3
12. SPM 2011
(a) Pressure / Tekanan
(b) (i) 5.2 > 5.1
(ii) 5.2 > 5.1
(iii) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(iv) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(c) M1 - Kinetic energy / velocity increase / move
faster // tenaga kinetic bertambah / bergerak
laju
M2 - rate of collision increase // kadar
perlanggaran bertambah /
(d) Pressure’s law // Hukum Tekanan
13. SPM 2014
(a) Gas Pressure // tekanan gas
(b) (i) 5.2 > 5.1
(ii) 5.2 < 5.1
(iii) Equal // sama
(c) (i) Inversely proportional // berkadar songsang
(ii) Boyle’s Law // Hukum Boyle
(d) (i) No change // tiada perubahan
(ii) Constant temperature // suhu malar
 6

CHAPTER 5: LIGHT 4. SPM 2010

BAB 5: CAHAYA (a) A point where all parallel rays converge after
being reflected. / Titik di mana semua cahaya
1. SPM 2005 selari bertumpu selepas dipantulkan.
(a) Reflection // Pantulan (b) Ray diagram
(b) 8m
(c) 7m
(d) diagram

(e) (i) ray diagram (c) (i) diagram

(ii) Maya, tegak, sama saiz

Virtual, upright, same size (ii) Reflection // Pantulan
(d) (i) Place the bulb at the focal point, F
Letakkan mentol di titik fokus, F
2. SPM 2008 (ii) Increase the curvature // Tambahkan
(a) Reflection // pantulan kelengkungan
(b) virtual // maya (e) Increase more voltage / mirror as reflector
(c) ray diagram Tambah voltan / cermin sebagai pemantul

5. SPM 2018
(a) Reflection // pantulan
(b) Upright / virtual / same size / laterally inverted
/ object distance = image distance / u = v /
Tegak / maya / sama saiz / songsang sisi /
jarak objek = jarak imej
(c) Ray diagram

3. SPM 2015
(a) Real image
(b) (i) 5.1 > 5.2
(ii) 5.1 < 5.2
(iii) 5.1 < 5.2
(c) (i) inversely proportional // berkadar songsang
(ii) inversely proportional // berkadar songsang
(d) (i) Focal point // Titik fokus // F
(ii) Sinar selari ditumpukan ke titik fokus
selepas dipantulkan/ all parallel light
converge to the focal point after
reflection

(d) (i) Image of car B is reflected by the mirror

to car A / in the field of view
 7

Imej kereta B dipantulkan oleh cermin ke

kereta A / dalam medan penglihatan 11. SPM 2016

12. SPM 2004

13. SPM 2017

14. SPM 2009

15. SPM 2011

(ii) convex mirror // cermin cembung
(iii) Wider field of view / upright image
pandangan lebih luas/ imej tegak
16. SPM 2014
(iv) Shining surface / large diameter / Big
mirror / permukaan bersinar / berkilat //
berkilat / diameter besar / cermin besar
CHAPTER 6: WAVES
BAB 6: GELOMBANG
6. SPM 2003
(a) (i) Refraction // Pembiasan
1. SPM 2010
(ii) Light travels from denser medium (water)
(a) PQRQP
to less dense medium (air) // Cahaya
(b) (i) 0.2 s
bergerak dari medium lebih tumpat (air)
(ii) 45.0 s
ke medium kurang tumpat (udara)
(c) scalar / scalar
Cahaya dibiaskan menjauhi garis normal
// So light refracted away from normal
2. SPM 2010
(iii) diagram
(a) amplitude
(b) Water resistance / energy loss / friction
Rintangan air / tenaga hilang/ geseran
(c) (i) 0.4 s
(ii) 1/0.4 = 2.5 Hz
(d) Increases / bertambah

3. SPM 2012
(a) Transverse waves / gelombang melintang

(b) n = H/h
1.33 = 0.4/H
h = 0.3 m

7. SPM 2013
(a) real depth /apparent depth //
dalam sebenar /dalam ketara
(b) (i) 5.1 > 5.2
(ii) 5.1 > 5.2
(iii) directly proportional / berkadar terus (c) (i) Decreases / Berkurang
(iv) refraction / pembiasan (ii) unchanged / Tidak berubah
8. SPM 2012
4. SPM 2007
(a) longitudinal waves / gelombang membujur
9. SPM 2007 (b) (i) compression / mampatan
(ii) label wavelength

10. SPM 2006

 8

9. SPM 2009
(a) Number of complete oscillation in one secong /
bilangan ayunan lengkap dalam masa satu saat.
(b) (i) x > Y
(ii) X > Y
(iii) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(iv) Refraction / Pembiasan
(c) * The depth of the water decreasing
(c) Increases / bertambah
/Kedalaman laut semakin berkurang
*The velocity is decreasing or the wavelength is
5. SPM 2011
decreasing / Halaju berkurang atau Panjang
(a) (i) Pendulum M / Bandul M
gelombang berkurang
(ii) Same length / same frequency / Panjang
*Refraction occurs / Pembiasan berlaku
sama / frekuensi sama
(iii) Resonance / resonans
10. SPM 2015
(b) T = 1/f = ½ = 0.5 s
(a) Distance between two successive crest @
(c) Graf sesaran-masa untuk pelembapan
trough / Jarak antara dua puncak @ lembangan
berturutan
(b) (i) A > B
(ii) Incident angle > refracted angle /
Sudut tuju > sudut biasan
(iii) A > B
6. SPM 2013 (c) (i) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(a) Distance with direction / jarak dengan arah (ii) …. Deep….shallow….towards
(b) (i) 6.2 > 6.1 ….dalam….cetek….mendekati
(ii) 6.2 > 6.1 (d) *The energy of the wave spread at the bay /
(iii) 6.2 < 6.1 the wave refracted towards the normal
(iv) Directly proportional / berkadar terus Tenaga gelombang disebarkan di kawasan teluk
(v) Inversely proportional / berkadar songsang / gelombang air dibiaskan ke arah normal
(c) (i) Decreases / berkurang • Calmer sea / small amplitude / laut
(ii) Damping // energy losses // air friction tenang / amplitud kecil
Pelembapan // tenaga hilang // rintangan
udara 11. SPM 2005
(a) Dua sumber gelombang yang mempunyai
7. SPM 2017 frekuensi / λ yang sama dan beza fasa sama
(a) Same phase / fasa yang sama Two waves sources which have same
(b) (i) same / sama frequency /λ and same phase difference
(ii) 6.2 > 6.1 (b) Calculate wavelength / hitung panjang gelombang
(iii) 6.2 > 6.1
(iv) 6.2 < 6.1
(v) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang
(c) (i) Decreases / berkurang
(ii) Speed of water waves decreased. Laju
gelombang air berkurang
(c) Puncak bertemu puncak / lembangan bertemu
8. SPM 2016 lembangan / Crest meets crest / trough meets
(a) Refraction / Pembiasa trough
(b) decreases / berkurang
(c) Diagram 2 12. SPM 2010
(a) (i) 6.1 > 6.2
(ii) 6.1 < 6.2
(iii) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang
(iv) D, λ
(b) (i) Number of complete oscillation per second /
bilangan ayunan lengkap per saat.
(ii) decreases / berkurang
(iii) λ decreases as f increases, λ berkadar terus
dengan x / λ berkurang bila f bertambah, λ
berkadar terus dengan x

13. SPM 2004

(a) Cahaya mempunyai satu frekuensi / warna

Light that has one frequency / one color
(b) *Jarak antara dua pinggir berturutan merah > biru
The distance between two consecutive fringes for
red light > blue light
*Jarak antara dua pinggir berturutan sama bagi
warna yang sama/ The distance between two
consecutive fringes for the same light is equal
(c) Merah > biru // red > blue
(d) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(e) Interference / interferens
14. SPM 2006
(a) Longitudinal wave / gelombang membujur
(b) Constructive interference occurs / Berlaku
gelombang membina
(c) λ = 1.5 x 4.0 = 0. 6 m
10.0
(d) (i) More closer / lebih rapat
(ii) f bertambah, λ berkurang, x berkurang / λ
berkadar terus dengan x / f increases , λ
decrease, x decreases / / λ directly
proportional to x
15. SPM 2016
(a) Dua sumber gelombang yang mempunyai
frekuensi / λ yang sama dan beza fasa sama
Two waves sources which have same
frequency /λ and same phase difference
(b) (i) 6.2 < 6.3
(ii) 6.2 > 6.3
(iii) equal / sama
(iv) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang
(v) interference / interferens
(c) Loud sounds due to constructive interference
Soft sounds due to destructive interference//
bunyi kuat – interferens membina
Bunyi lemah – interferens memusnah
16. SPM 2003
(a) electromagnet wave
(b) distance P to radar
17. SPM 2014
(a) Gamma ray / sinar gama
(b) Higer frequency / higher energy, shorter λ
Frekuensi tinggi / tenaga tinggi, λ pendek
(c) (i) 1 x 108 Hz
(ii) v = fλ
λ = 3 x 108 = 3 m
1 x 108
(d) wave form of visible light
9
18. SPM 2018
(a) longitudinal wave / gelombang membujur
(b) (i) Concrete wall is a hard surface /
Thick curtain is a soft surface //
Dinding konkrit adalah permukaan keras /
Langsir tebal adalah permukaan lembut.
(ii) Diagram 6.1 > 6.2
(c) (i) The harder the reflected surface, the larger
the amplitude of the reflected sound wave
Lebih keras permukaan, lebih besar amplitud
pantulan bunyi
(ii) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(iii) The harder the reflected surface, the larger
the energy of the reflected sound wave
Semakin keras permukaan pantulan, semakin
besar tenaga gelombang pantulan bunyi.
(d) (i) High frequency / λ smaller
frekuensi tinggi / λ lebih kecil
(ii) Easily reflected / senang dipantulkan
Chapter 6: Electricity
Bab 6: Keelektrikan
1. SPM 2015
(a) A region where an electric charge
experience electric forces.
kawasan di mana cas mengalami
daya elektrik.
(b) Q = It = 0.3 x (3 x 60) = 54 C
(c) (i) short distance / jarak dekat
Oscillate in short time / faster
masa pendek / berayun cepat
(ii) low mass / jisim kecil
Increase acceleration / speed
Tambah pecutan / laju
(iii) high voltage / beza keupayaan tinggi
Strong electric field / medan elektrik kuat
(d) Z
(e) (i) stationary / pegun
(ii) No charge on the metal coated ball /
charged is earth
Tiada cas pada bola bersalut logam / cas
telah mengalir ke bumi.
2. SPM 2008
(a) Parallel circuit: 3.2
(b) Series circuit diagram 3.1
(c) (i) 5 + 1 = 6 Ω
(ii) I = V/R = 12/6 = 2 A
(iii) Decreased / berkurang
 10

3. SPM 2011   = 168 J

(a) parallel / selari (c) (i) coiled wire / dawai bergelung
(b) (i) 6.1 > 6.2 High resistance / rintangan tinggi
(ii) 6.1 > 6.2 (ii) nichrome / nikrom
(iii) As the number of bulbs increases, High resistance / rintangan tinggi
the reading of the ammeter increases./ bilangan (iv) 5 A
mentol bertambah, bacaan ammeter bertambah The value a bit higher than the current flow in
(c) Resistance 6.1 < 6.2 / current 6.1 > 6.2 the circuit //Nilainya lebih tinggi sedikit
Rintangan 6.1 < 6.2 / arus 6.1 > 6.2 daripada arus yang mengalir dalam litar / I =
4.16 A
(d) As the bulbs increase, the resistance (v) Choose R
decreases. / as the bulbs increase, the current
increases.
Bilangan mentol bertambah, rintangan berkurang/
Bilangan mentol bertambah, arus meningkat.
(e) (i) Bulb P & Q
(ii) Resistance is low , current flow is
high / voltage is higher
Rintangan rendah, arus mengalir tinggi / voltan
tinggi

4. SPM 2007
(a) (i) Parllel / selari CHAPTER 8: ELECTROMAGNETISM
(ii) lights up / menyala
(b) (i) If connected to 240V power supply, it will BAB 8: KEELEKTROMAGNETAN
release energy at 60 Joules per second /Jika
disambung ke bekalan kuasa 240 V, ia akan 1. SPM 2014
bebaskan tenaga 60 J per saat. (a) (i) Temporary magnet
(ii) I = 60 = 0.25 A (ii) label clockwise direction
240 (b) (i) increases / bertambah
(iii) total resistance / rintangan berkesan (ii) strong electromagnet / elektromagnet kuat
R = 240/0.25 = 960 Ω
1= 1 + 1 + 1 2. SPM 2012
R 960 960 960 (a) (i)(ii)
R = 320 Ω

5. SPM 2018
(a) 2 kJ of energy per second is dissipated when 240 V
is supplied //
2 kJ tenaga per saat yang hilang apabila 240 V
dibekalkan
(b) (i) E = Pt = (2)(5)(30) = 300 kWh
(ii) 300 x 20 = 6000 / RM60.00
(c) (i) coiled wire / dawai bergelung
High resistance / longer wire
Rintangan tinggi / dawai panjang
(ii) nichrome / nikrom (b) Right hand grip rules / Petua genggaman tangan
High resistance / high melting point kanan
Rintangan tinggi / takat lebur tinggi (c) (i) P > Q
(iii) small cross sectional area / luas keratan rentas (ii) P < Q
kecil. (iii) P > Q
High resistance / rintangan tinggi (d) (i) directly proportional / berkadar terus
(iv) S (ii) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang

6. SPM 2019 3. SPM 2009

(a) Potential difference / voltage / beza keupayaan / (a) (i) Fleming’s left hand rule / Peraturan
voltan Tangan Kiri Fleming
(b) (i) R = 2.8/0.2 = 14 Ω (ii)(iii)
(ii) E = Vit / I2Rt / V2t/R
// (2.8)(0.2)(5 x 60) // 2.8 x 0.2 x 5
 11

6. SPM 2007
(a) (i) Step down transformer / transformer injak
turun
(ii) easy to magnetized and demagnetized /
mudah dimagnetkan dan
dinyahmagnetkan
(b) Ns = 1000 x 6 = 25
240
(c) (i) VsIs x 100% = 75%
V p Ip
output power = 75 = 0.75
240 x 0.1 100
(b) (i)
output power = 18 W
(ii) laminated iron core /low resistance coil
teras besi lembut berlamina / wayar
berintangan rendah
(d) (i) Transformer supplies ac / TV cannot work
(ii) Concentration of magnetic field / produce on ac / transformer bekal au / Tv tidak
stronger magnetic field / Menumpukan berfungsi dengan au
medan magnet / medan magnet lebih kuat (ii) 1- Diode // rectifier / diod
(iii) plane mirror / cermin satah 2- Series / siri
Pointer and image of the pointer must be
overlapped to avoid parallax error
/ penunjuk dan imej penunjuk bertindih
untuk elakkan ralat paralaks

4. SPM 2013 7. SPM 2019

(a) (a) Output voltage produced is smaller / secondary
voltage is smaller // Voltan output terhasil lebih
kecil./ voltan sekunder lebih kecil
(b) M1: Changing magnetic flux in secondary coil //
Perubahan fluks magnet dalam gegelung
sekunder / cut magnetic field secondary /
potong medan magnet sekunder
M2: Produced induced electromotive force
(e.m.f) // Menghasilkan daya gerak elektrik
(d.g.e) teraruh
(c) (i) equal / sama
(ii) 6.1 > 6.2
(b) Right hand grip rule / petua genggaman (iii) 6.1 > 6.2
tangan kanan (iv) 6.1 < 6.2
(c) (i) greater number of turns (d) inversely proportional / berkadar songsang
Increase the force / strength of magnetic
field / daya bertambah / kekuatan medan 8. SPM 2014
magnet bertambah (a) (i) The rate of flow of charge / kadar
(ii) greater number of batteries pengaliran cas
Increases current / arus bertambah (ii) P = I2R = 10 x 10 x 10 = 1 000 W
(iii) semicircular shape / bentuk semi bulatan (b) (i) Thick wire / dawai tebal
Increase strength of magnetic field / Low resistance / Rintangan rendah
radial magnetic field / tambah kekuatan (ii) Many number of turns of secondary coils /
medan magnet / medan magnet jejarian bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder banyak
(iv) X Higher voltage / beza keupayaan tinggi.
(iii) copper / aluminium / kuprum
5. SPM 2011 Low resistance / rintangan rendah
(a) step down transformer / transformer injak (c) Ac voltage can be stepped up
turun Voltage au boleh diturunkan
(b) (i) Vp/Np = Vs/Ns
240/600 = 12/Ns 9. SPM 2017
Ns = 30 (a) Low resistance / thick / high melting point
(ii) P = VI I = 24/12 = 2 A Rintangan rendah / tebal / takat lebur tinggi
(c) Diode (b) (i) M1: 10 x 106 // 10
132 x 103 32

M2: 75.76 A
(ii) M1: P = I2R = (75.76)2 x 600
// (75.75 )2 x 600
M2: = 3.44 x 106 W
(c) (i) soft iron / besi lembut
easy to magnetized and demagnetized /
mudah menjadi magnet dan hilang magnet.
(ii) shape X / bentuk X
The secondary coil and primary coil can be
wound on top of each other / reduce
leakage of magnetic flux / Gegelung
sekunder dililit rapat dengan gegelung
primer // Gegelung sekunder dan gegelung
primer dililitkan di atas satu sama lain /
mengurangkan kebocoran fluks magnet
(iii) 20:1
Output voltage is 12 V / decrease output
voltage // voltan output 12 V /
menurunkan voltan output /
(iv) R
CHAPTER 9: ELECTRONIK
BAB 9: ELEKTRONIK
1. SPM 2013
(a) Thermionic emission / pancaran termion
(b) accelerate electrons / memecutkan electron
(c) Q = It = 0.01 x 5 = 0.05 C
(d) (i)
(ii) Electron is negatively charged / electron
bercas negatif.
2. SPM 2010
(a) High speed electron beam / Alur electron
berhalaju tinggi.
(b) M1: Electron hit the screen / Elektron hentam
skrin
M2: The kinetic energy changes to light energy
Tenaga kinetic berubah ke tenaga cahaya.
(c) 2 x 2 = 4 V
(d)
3. SPM 2016
(a) Thermionic emissions / Pancaran termion
12
(b) (i) Light / electron is blocked // cahaya /
electron dihalang
(ii) Pendarflour effect/ kinetic energy → heat +
light energy / kesan pendarflour / kinetic →
haba + cahaya
(c) 4.8 x 10-16 = ½ (9.0 x 10-31) v2
v = 3.27 x 107 m/s
(d) (i) downward / ke bawah
(ii) Fleming’s left hand rule / Peraturan tangan
kiri Fleming.
4. SPM 2015
(a) (i) a.c / a.u
(ii) d.c / a.t
(b) (i) diode / diod
(ii) Allow currents to flow in one direction /
Benarkan arus mengalir dalam satu arah.
5. SPM 2008
(a) silicon / germanium,
(b) (i) 6.1 reversed biased / 6.2 forward biased
6.1 pincang songsang 6.2 pincang ke depan
(ii) 6.1 ammeter reading is zero / 6.2 ammeter
shows reading / 6.1 bacaan ammeter sifar
6.2 ammeter ada bacaan
(c) M1: No current flows in 6.1 and there is current
flows in 6.2 / Tiada arus mengalir dalam 6.1
dan ada arus mengalir dalam 6.2
M2: High resistance or depletion layer is thicker
in diagram 6.1 / Rintangan tinggi atau
lapisan susutan tebal dalam rajah 6.1
(d) Allow current to move in one direction only
Benarkan arus mengalir dalam satu arah sahaja.
(e) M1: Diode converts a.c to d.c. The first half-
cycle, diode is forward biased and current
flows / Diod tukar a.u ke a.t. Semasa
separuh pusingan pertama, diod pincang
ke depan, arus mengalir
M2: In the second half-cycle, the diode is
reversed biased and no current flow
Separuh pusingan kedua, diod pincang
songsang dan arus tidak mengalir
6. SPM 2018
(a) A material that can conduct electricity between
conductor and insulator. //
Bahan yang boleh mengkonduksi elektrik
antara konduktor dan penebat.
(b) The bulb lights up / mentol menyala
(c)
(d) M1: 5 x 2 / ½ x Vpp
M2: 10 V
 13

7. SPM 2003
(a) (i) amplifier / automatic switch / suis automatic
(ii)

(c) (i) 6 V
(ii) 100 X 6 = 0.176 V
3400
(iii) Bila ada cahaya, rintangan LDR berkurang,
jadi beza keupayaan LDR berkurang.
10. SPM 2009
Voltan merentasi R bertambah dan arus
(a) NOT gate / Get TAK
tapak mengalir melalui S.
(b) Truth table / jadual kebenaran
When there is light, resistance of LDR
decreases, so voltage across LDR
decreases. Voltage across R increases and
base current flows through S
(c) (i) LDR sebab ia tidak peka kepada haba
LED sebab ia tidak hasilkan bunyi
LDR : it does not sensitive to heat.
LED: it does not produce sound (c) To activate the secondary circuit of the security
(ii) Termister / perintang peka haba dan siren / lamp of high voltage / Hidupkan litar kedua
loceng / Thermistor / heat dependent yang mempunyai lampu keselamatan yang
resistor and siren / bell. tinggi voltan
(d) 11. SPM 2011
(a) Switch with many input but has one output
only.
Suis yang mempunyai banyak input tapi hanya
1 output sahaja.
(b) (i) truth table / jadual kebenaran

(ii) AND gate/ get DAN

8. SPM 2012 (iii) symbol
(a) LDR / light dependent resistor / PPC / Perintang
peka cahaya
(b) (i) V = IR = (40000) 6 = 4.8 V
(c) (i) low mass / jisim kecil
50000
Lighter / moves faster
(ii) I = V/R = 6/[10000 + 40000]
Ringan / gerak laju
= 6/50000
(ii) high power motor / motor berkuasa tinggi
= 0.00012 A
rotate faster / high energy /high
(c) R LDR high/ R PPC tinggi
momentum / high force / Gerak laju / tenaga
V LDR high / V LDR high
tinggi / daya tinggi / momentum tinggi
V base high/ V tapak tinggi
Base current flow/ arus tapak mengalir
Collector current flows / arus pengumpul
12. SPM 2004
mengalir
(a) Voltage = 12 – 2 = 10 V
Transisor ON
(b) Perintang peka cahaya / PPC
Light dependent resistance / LDR
9. SPM 2017
(c) (i) Relay switch / suis geganti
(a) AND get / Get DAN
(ii) Nyalakan lampu sorot dalam litar kedua
(b) truth table / jadual kebenaran
yang perlukan voltan tinggi.
Switch on the spotlight in the secondary
circuit which required high voltage.
 14

(d) (i) Truth table / Jadual kebenaran The radiation rays was blocked
(b) Aras kurang julat
Sinar boleh tembusi botol
The level is below the range
The radiation can pass through the bottle
(c) OR gate / Get ATAU
(d) Truth table / jadual kebenaran

(ii) AND Gate / Get DAN

(iii) symbol

(e) (i) Tolak jika lebih @ kurang julat @ input S1

13. SPM 2006 DAN S2 1 ATAU 0/
(a) truth table / jadual kebenaran Reject when exceed / less / outside the
acceptable range or input S1 AND S2 is 1
OR 0
(ii) Terima dalam julat atau bila input S1 ialah 1
dan input S2 ialah 0/ Accept when within
the acceptable range or when input S1 is 1
(ii) exclusive OR / eksklusif ATAU and input S2 is 0
(iii) symbol

(b) Activate secondary circuit which uses high CHAPTER 10: RADIOACTIVITY
voltage / hidupkan litar kedua yang mempunyai
voltan tinggi
BAB 10: KERADIOAKTIFAN
(c) (i) When dark, the resistance high/ bila gelap,
rintangan tinggi 1. SPM 2009
(ii) Diagram (a) negative
(b) Atoms of an element which have same proton
number but different nucleon numbers
Atom satu elemen yang mempunyai sama no
proton tapi berlaian nucleon number
(c) A = 2 X = 3

2. SPM 2010
(a) Negatively charged / bercas negatif
(b) Half life = 12 hours / jam
(iii) High light intensity produces lower LDR
resistance, so high base voltage / Bila
keamatan cahaya tinggi, rintangan LDR
rendah, voltan tapak tinggi
A bigger base current flows and activated
the transistor / Arus tapak mengalir dan
hidupkan transistor
A big collector current flows through the
relay switch and activates the circuit of the
door motor. / Arus penggumpul mengalir
melalui suis geganti dan hidupkan litar
motor pintu.

14. SPM 2005 (c) Short half-life so it is safe

(a) Aras meningkat / lebih julat Separuh hayat pendek, ia lebih selamat
Sinar radiasi dihalang (d) 1 → ½ → ¼ → 1/8
The level was exceed / over the range 3 x 12 hours = 36 hours
 15

(d) 238 = 206 + 4x

3. SPM 2011 x=8
(a) Time taken for radioactive substance to decay 92 = 82 + 2x - y
to half of its original mass/activity 92 = 82 + 16 – y
Masa diambil untuk bahan radioaktif mereput y=6
menjadi separuh daripada jisim /aktiviti asal
(b) The unstable nucleus to become stable. 7. SPM 2014
Nukleus tidak stabil menjadi lebih stabil (a) (i) 4
(c) (i) 32/8 = 4T1/2 (ii) 4
2001005025 12.5 g (b) (i) 2
(ii) graf (ii) 2
(c) ….alpha …..4…..2
(d) (i) paths

(ii) Alpha particle is positively charged

4. SPM 2012
(a) Alpha decay / pereputan alfa
(b) Unstable nucleus / nucleus yang tidak stabil
(c) (i) 226.025 – [222.018 + 4.003] = 0.004 u
= 0.004 x 1.66 x 10-27 = 6.64 x 10-30 kg
(ii) E = mc2
= (0.004 x 1.66 x 10-27) x (3 x 108)2
= 5.976 x 10-13 J
5. SPM 2016
(a) Unstable isotope / isotop yang tidak stabil
(b) High ionizing power / kuasa pengionan tinggi
(c) (i) half life / separuh hayat = 20 s
Zarah alfa bercas positif.
8. SPM 2019
(a) Neutral / no charge / high energy / high
penetrating power / electromagnetic wave
Tiada cas / tenaga tinggi / kuasa penembusan
tinggi / gelombang electromagnet
(b) (i) Background reading // Bacaan latar
belakang / Background radiation / cosmic
rays Sinar latarbelakang // Sinar
semulajadi / sinar kosmik
(ii) 1 → ½ → ¼ → 1/8 // 3T1/2 // 18
3
T1/2 = 6 hours
(c) A = 24 Z = 12

9. SPM 2005
(a) (i) graph

(d) 100 → 50 → 25 → 12.5 → 6.25

6.25

6. SPM 2017
(a) Elektron berhalaju tinggi/
High speed electron
(b) Sinar kosmik/ cosmic ray
(c) (i) Decreases / berkurang (ii) Half life / separuh hayat = 7 days
(ii) Zarah beta tidak boleh menembusi (iii) 1600 → 800 → 400 → 200 → 100 → 50
aluminium/ beta particles cannot penetrate 5T1/2 = 5 x 7 = 35 days
aluminium foil
 16

(b) (i) nucleon  momentum bergantung kepada jisim dan

(ii) Rn-86 He-4
(iii) E = mc2 = (8.6818 x 10-30)(3 x 108)2
E = 7.8 x 10-12 J
10. SPM 2007
(a) (i) Long half life / separuh hayat panjang
Long lasting / tahan lama
(ii) Beta
Medium penetrating power / less harmfull /
kuasa penembusan sederhana / kurang
bahaya
(iii) Solid / Pepejal
Easy to handle / Senang diurus
(b) Strontium 90
(c) (i) decreases / berkurang
(ii) Roller will press the thick cardboard
penggelek akan menekan kadbod
(d) 100% → 50% → 25% → 12.5% → 6.25%
4T1/2 = 4 x 5.27 = 21.08 years.
11. SPM 2015
(a) A heavy nucleus is split into two lighter nucleus
Nukleus berat dipisahkan kepada dua nukleus
ringan
(b) Unstabel nucleus / Nukleus yang tidak stabil
(c) (i) 3
(ii) E = mc2 = 0.18606 x 1.66 x 10-27 x (3 x 108)2
= 2.78 x 10-11 J
12. SPM 2013
(a) (i) No of proton + no of neutron / no proton +
no neutron
(ii) 3
(b) Nuclear fusion / Pelakuran nuklues
(c) (i) before = 2 x 2.01410 = 4.0282
after = 3.01603 + 1.00867 = 4.0247
Mass defect = 4.0282 – 4.0247 = 0.0035
(ii) E = 0.0035 x 1.6 x 10-27 x (3 x 108)2
= 5.229 x 10-13 J
JAWAPAN SET 2
CHAPTER 2: FORCE AND MOTION
BAB 2: DAYA & GERAKAN
halaju momentum = jisim x halaju / inersia
bergantung pada jisim / Inertia depends on
mass
 momentum tinggi, susah kawal lori / banyak
kerosakan bila berlanggar // High momentum,
difficult to control the lorry // more damage
done
 susah berhentikan lori / Difficult to stop
 momentum = mass x velocity / momentum =
jisim x halaju
Question 3
• When ball A is pulled and let to fall, it
strikes the ball B at rest and it stop. // apabila
bola A ditarik dan dilepaskan, ia hentam bola
B yang pegun dan ia berhenti.
• The momentum of the ball is zero as its
velocity is zero. // Momentum bola sifar bila
halajunya 0.
 The energy and momentum from the first ball
is transferred to the second ball and then
transmitted through the balls at rest to the
ball on the other end. // Tenaga dan
momentum bola pertama dipindahkan ke bola
kedua dan dipindahkan melalui bola lain yang
pegun ke bolah di hujung.
• Momentum and energy is maintained in
this system. So the last ball will move at the
same velocity as the first ball. // Momentum
dan tenaga kekal sama dalam sistem. Maka
bola yang akhir akan bergerak dengan
kelajuan yang sama dengan bola pertama.
Question 4
• Hidrogen and oksigen mix // hidgrogen
dan oksigen dicampurkan
• The mixture explodes//Campuran itu
meletup
• The hot gasses moved out the rocket
nozzle at high velocity // gas panas berhalaju
tinggi dikeluarkan dari muncung roket
• Momentum upward (rocket) = momentum
downward (hot gases) // momentum ke atas
(roket) = momentum ke bawah (gas panas)

Skill 1: Understanding Question 5

Kemahiran 1: Kefahaman
Question 1
• 0 – 3 h : constant velocity / Halaju
seragam /
• 3 – 5 h : at rest / pegun
• 5 – 8 h : constant velocity in opposite
direction / Halaju seragam pada arah
bertentangan
• Total displacement :120 + (-120) = 0
• jumlah sesaran: 120 + (-120) = 0
Question 2
M1 – (hand) fast // (tangan gerak laju
M2 – stop quickly / time short // berhenti cepat /
masa pendek
M3 – change in momentum / high impulsive
force // daya impuls tinggi
M4 – Force inversely proportional to time // daya
impuls berkadar songsang dengan masa
impak
Question 6
• The propeller absorb air // Kipas sedut
udara
• The air is compressed in the combustion
chamber until high temperature // Udara
 17

dimampatkan dalam kebuk pembakaran Question 11

sehingga suhu tinggi
• The fuel is injected into the combustion
chamber and explodes. // Kerosin
dipancutkan dan berlaku letupan dalam
kebuk pembakaran
• The gas exhaust produced is released at
high speed through the nozzel and produces
high momentum backward. // Gas ekzos
berhalaju tinggi dilepaskan melalui nozel dan  Method (b) by pushing / kaedah menolak
hasilkan momentum tinggi.  FY upward // Komponen FY ke atas,
• An equal forward momentum is produced  Resultant force downward smaller / W - FY
to push the plane // Momentum ke depan // daya paduan ke bawah lebih kecil / W - FY
yang sama dihasilkan; tolak kapalterbang.

Question 7
(a) a change in momentum // perubahan
momentum
(b) Time of contact // Masa sentuhan bertambah
Ft increase // Ft bertambah
Ft = mv – mu increase // Ft = mv – mu
bertambah
Speed increase / go further / accelerate // laju
bertambah / pergi lebih jauh / memecut

Question 8
 Front bumper long and made from material
easy to crumple // bumper depan panjang dan
dibuat dari bahan mudah remuk
 Prolong the time of impact to reduce
impulsive force // memanjangkan masa impak
untuk mengurangkan daya impuls
 Air bag released automatically on impact //
beg udara dibuka automatic bila berlaku
impak
 Reduced impulsive force exerted on the
driver //mengurangkan daya impuls
Question 9
Constant velocity // Halaju seragam
• Engine thrust = drag // tujahan enjin = seretan
• Resultant force = 0 // daya paduan = 0
Acceleration // Pecutan
• Engine thrust > drag // tujahan enjin > seretan
• Resultant is not equal zero / F = ma // Daya
paduan bukan sifar / F = ma
Question 12
 The forces between atom are attractive force
and repulsive force // daya antara atom
adalah daya tarikan dan daya tolakan
 When the force is applied, the distance
between atoms decreases. // Apabila daya
dikenakan, jarak antara atom berkurang.
 The repulsive force is acted on the atoms. //
Daya tolakan bertindak ke atas atom.
 When the applied force is removed, repulsive
force pushes the atoms back to original
position. // Apabila daya dikenakan
dikeluarkan, daya tolakan menolaka atom
balik ke kedudukan asal.
Question 13
 Wc > frictional force // Wc > daya geseran
 unbalanced force or Resultant force acting //
daya tidak seimbang // ada daya paduan
 Wc = frictional force // daya geseran
 Resultant force is zero / force in equilibrium //
daya paduan sifar / daya seimbang

Question 10
• PQ: Accelerate / increase in velocity
memecut / Halaju bertambah
• Resultant force not zero / unbalanced
force / F ≠ 0 / daya paduan bukan sifar / daya
tak seimbang
• QR / 20 – 40 saat / selepas Q : constant
velocity / uniform velocity / zero acceleration /
a = 0 / Halaju malar / halaju seragam / pecutan
sifar / daya paduan = 0 / daya seimbang
• Resultant force = 0 / balanced force

Question 14
 Thrust > Drag // Tujah > Seretan
 Force not in equilibrium / a α F // Resultant force
// Daya paduan // unbalanced force / F ǂ 0
 Weight, W = Lifting force /Berat = Daya angkat
 Resultant force = 0 // Net force = 0 // Daya bersih
= 0 // No net force / Balance force / force in
equilibrium / Daya seimbang
Question 15
Question 16
CHAPTER 3: FORCE & PRESSURE
BAB 3: DAYA & TEKANAN
Skill 1: Understanding / Kefahaman
Question 1
(i) Draw the path of the water
(ii) Distance increase // jarak tambah
density large // ketumpatan tinggi
Pressure directly proportional to density
//high pressure / P = ρgh // tekanan berkadar
terus dengan ketumpatan // tekanan tinggi
Question 2
 fan sucks air out // kipas sedut udara keluar
 low pressure in the vacuum cleaner // tekanan
rendah di dalam pembersih vakum
 difference in pressure / atmospheric pressure
outside is high // perbezaan tekanan / tekanan
atmosfera di luar tinggi
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 force push the dust inside the vacuum
cleaner // daya tolak habuk ke dalam
pembersih vakum
Question 3
M1 – force produce pressure / P=F/A // daya
hasilkan tekanan
M2 – pressure transmitted equally to A2 /equal /
P1= P2 // tekanan dipindahkan secara
seragam ke A2
M3 – pressure act on A2 / pressure produce force /
tekanan hasilkan daya output / F2 = PA2
M4 – A2 > A1 / ratio A2:A1 / A2 greater / ratio A2:A1
Daya output berkadar terus dengan luas
permukaan
Question 4
 The submarine has a ballast tank // kapal
selam ada tangki ballast
 Water is filled in the ballast tank to increase
the weight of the submarine // air diisi ke
dalam tangki ballast untuk menambahkan
berat kapal selam
 The submarine sinks into the water when its
weight is larger than the buoyant force //
kapal selam tenggelam kerana berat lebih
besar dari daya apungan
Question 5
 Shape / bentuk: aerofoil
 Air faster (at) top // udara laju di atas
 Small pressure (at) upper // tekanan rendah di
atas
 difference in pressure // perbezaan tekanan //
P2 – P 1
 Lift / force // daya angkat // F = PA // F // PA
 Bernoulli’s principle // prinsip Bernoulli
Question 6
 Buoyant increases when the volume of the
immersed wooden block increases // Daya
apung bertambah apabila isipadu blok kayu
yang terendam dalam air bertambah
 buoyant force is larger than the weight when
the wooden block is moving upwards. // daya
apung bergerak lebih besar daripada berat
apabila bongkah kayu bergerak ke atas
 Buoyant force equals to weight of the wooden
block when it is floating on the surface of
water // daya apung sama dengan berat
bongkah kayu terapung atas permukaan air.
Question 7
 The gas from the gas tank flow in the bunsen
burner // gas dari tangki gas mengalir ke
penunu Bunsen
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 At the nozzle, the velocity of gas flows is very air sama dengan suhu yang ditunjukkan oleh
high. // Halaju gas laju di muncung thermometer.
 A region of low pressure is produced at the  No net heat flows.// Tiada haba bersih
nozzle. //Kawasan bertekanan rendah mengalir
dihasilkan di muncung.
 Difference in pressure / Air is sucked in k Question 3
terdapat perbezaan tekanan / udara disedut  Sweat is being evaporated// Peluh menyejat
masuk  Specific latent heat of vaporization of water is
 The mixture of gas and air producing absorbed from the body. // Haba pendam
complete combustion of gas // campuran gas tentu pengewapan diserap dari badan
dan udara hasilkan pembakaran lengkap  Air movement velocity increases under a
fan // Halaju Gerakan udara bertambah di
Question 8 bawah kipas
 Density of gas low// ketumpatan gas rendah  Evaporation rate increases and the body
 Weight balloon low / lighter // berat belon temperature decreases.// Kadar penyejatan
rendah bertambah dan suhu badan berkurang.
 Buoyant force = volume of air displaced x
density of air x gravitational acceleration / F =
Question 4
ρvg /buoyant force is directly proportional to
density of air displaced / buoyant force =
weight of air displaced// daya apung = berat
udara disesarkan // daya apung = (isipadu
udara disesarkan) x (ketumpatan udara) x
pecutan gravity / daya apung berkadar terus
dengan ketumpatan udara disesarkan
 Buoyant force > weight of balloon // daya
apung > jumlah berat belon

Question 9

Question 10

CHAPTER 4: HEAT
BAB 4: HABA

Skill 1: Understanding / Kefahaman

Question 1
 Put thermometer under the tongue/ armpit //
Termometer diletak di bawah lidah / ketiak
 Heat flows / transfers from the patient’s body
to the thermometer // Haba mengalir dari
badan pesakit ke thermometer
 Until thermal equilibrium is achieved //
Sehingga mencapai keseimbangan terma
 The temperature of thermometer equal
temperature of the patient’s body. // Suhu
thermometer sama dengan suhu badan
pesakit.

Question 2
 Heat flows from hot water to thermometer. //
Haba mengalir daripada air panas ke
thermometer
 Until it achieve thermal equilibrium. //
Sehingga ia mencapai keseimbangan terma.
 Temperature of water is the same as
temperature shown by thermometer // Suhu
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